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1 natural, product, number
numéro m de produit naturel -
2 natural
natural ['nætʃərəl](a) (created by or existing in nature → scenery, environment, light, resources, process) naturel;∎ a natural harbour un port naturel;∎ in a natural state à l'état naturel;∎ the natural world la nature(b) (not artificial → wood, finish) naturel;∎ she's a natural redhead c'est une vraie rousse(c) (normal → explanation, desire, wish) naturel, normal;∎ it's only natural for her to be worried or that she should be worried il est tout à fait normal ou il est tout naturel qu'elle se fasse du souci;∎ I'm sure there's a perfectly natural explanation for it je suis sûr qu'on peut l'expliquer de façon tout à fait naturelle;∎ death from natural causes mort f naturelle;∎ in the natural course of events dans le cours normal des choses;∎ one's or the natural reaction is to… la réaction instinctive est de…;∎ as is (only) natural comme de juste(d) (unaffected → person, manner) naturel, simple(e) (innate → talent) inné, naturel;∎ she's a natural organizer c'est une organisatrice-née, elle a un sens inné de l'organisation(f) (free of additives) naturel(h) (real → parents) naturel∎ G natural sol bécarre(j) Mathematics naturel2 adverb∎ familiar try to act natural! soyez naturel!□3 noun∎ she's a natural elle a ça dans le sang;∎ he's a natural for the job il a le profil de l'emploi□ ;∎ she's a natural for the part elle est faite pour ce rôle□►► natural break (in film, text) coupure f qui va de soi;∎ they reached a natural break in the meeting ils arrivèrent à une étape de la réunion où il était naturel de faire une pause;natural childbirth accouchement m naturel;natural disaster catastrophe f naturelle;natural economy économie f non monétaire;natural family planning = contraception par des moyens naturels;Physics & Electricity natural frequency fréquence f propre;natural gas gaz m naturel;natural historian naturaliste mf;natural history histoire f naturelle;natural immunity immunité f naturelle;natural justice droits mpl naturels;natural language langage m naturel, langue f naturelle;natural language processing traitement m (automatique) du langage naturel;natural law loi f naturelle;∎ for the rest of his/her natural life (sentenced) à perpétuité;Mathematics natural logarithm logarithme m naturel ou népérien;natural medicine médecine f douce ou naturelle, physiothérapie f;natural number nombre m naturel;Law natural person personne f physique ou naturelle;old-fashioned Physics natural philosophy physique f;natural resources ressources fpl naturelles;natural science (UNCOUNT) sciences fpl naturelles;∎ botany is a natural science la botanique fait partie des sciences naturelles;natural selection sélection f naturelle;the Natural State = surnom donné à l'Arkansas;natural theology théologie f naturelle;natural yoghurt yaourt m nature -
3 natural
naturel(elle)INSURANCE natural disaster catastrophe f naturelle;natural economy économie f non monétaire;COMPUTING natural language langage m naturel;LAW natural person personne f physique ou naturelle;natural resources ressources f pl naturelles;natural wastage = réduction des effectifs due aux départs d'employés non remplacésStrong added that the company is looking to cut costs by trimming from 10 percent to 20 percent of staff, although he said it was too early to say where the ax will fall, or how many people will go. "Staff are being offered voluntary redundancy, and we are hoping to achieve some of the reductions by natural wastage, but the numbers involved mean that some layoffs may be inevitable," he said.
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4 natural, health, product
produit m de santé naturel -
5 pitch
pitch [pɪtʃ]∎ figurative she found herself pitched into the political arena elle se trouva propulsée dans l'arène politique;∎ he pitched a great game last night (in baseball) il a très bien joué hier soir∎ I can't pitch my voice any higher je n'arrive pas à chanter dans un ton ou un registre plus aigu;∎ the music was pitched too high/low for her le ton était trop haut/bas pour elle∎ we must pitch the price at the right level il faut fixer le prix au bon niveau;∎ our prices are pitched too high nos prix sont trop élevés;∎ he pitched his speech at the level of the man in the street son discours était à la portée de l'homme de la rue, il avait rendu son discours accessible à l'homme de la rue;∎ stories pitched at older children histoires écrites pour des enfants plus âgés(d) (set up → camp) établir;∎ let's pitch camp here établissons notre camp ou dressons nos tentes ici;∎ to pitch wickets (in cricket) planter ou dresser les guichets(a) (fall over) tomber;∎ he pitched into the water il est tombé dans l'eau;∎ to pitch headlong tomber la tête la première;∎ the passengers pitched forwards/backwards les passagers ont été projetés en avant/en arrière(b) (bounce → ball) pitcher(d) (in baseball → player) lancer, être lanceur;∎ American familiar figurative to be in there pitching y mettre du sien□(e) (slope → roof) être incliné;∎ the roof pitches sharply le toit est fortement incliné(g) (in golf → player) pitcher;∎ she pitched to within three feet of the hole elle a pitché à moins d'un mètre du trou3 noun∎ the pitch of his voice grew higher and higher sa voix devint de plus en plus aiguë;∎ to give the orchestra the pitch donner le ton à l'orchestre;∎ to rise in pitch monter de ton∎ a high pitch of excitement was reached l'excitation était presque à son comble;∎ how did their relationship reach such a pitch? comment leurs relations ont-elles pu se détériorer à ce point?;∎ the suspense was at its highest pitch le suspense était à son comble∎ rugby pitch terrain m de rugby(d) (act of throwing) lancer m, lancement m;∎ the ball went full pitch through the window la balle passa à travers la vitre sans rebondir∎ the salesman's pitch le boniment du vendeur(g) (slope → of roof) pente f, inclinaison f; (→ of staircase) pente f, rampant m; Technology (→ of plane) inclinaison f, basile f(h) (movement → of boat, aircraft) tangage m;∎ angle of pitch angle m de tangage(i) Technology (of rivets, holes) espacement m, écartement m; (of screw, cogwheel, rotor) pas m; Typography (of characters) pas m(m) (in climbing) longueur f∎ to make a pitch for sth jeter son dévolu sur qch□ ;∎ he made a pitch at her il lui a fait du plat, il a essayé de la draguer►► pitch angle angle m de tangage;pitch circle cercle m primitif; (of wheel) ligne f d'engrènement;pitch mark (in golf) pitch m;pitch pine pitchpin m;Music pitch pipe diapason m (sifflet)(start work) s'attaquer au travail; (lend a hand) donner un coup de main;∎ everybody is expected to pitch in on attend de chacun qu'il mette la main à la pâte(attack) s'en prendre à;∎ to pitch into a task se mettre à une tâche;∎ they pitched into the meal ils ont attaqué le repaschoisir, opter pour -
6 process
process [ˈprəʊses]1. noun• he saved the girl, but injured himself in the process il a sauvé la petite fille mais, ce faisant, il s'est blessé[+ raw materials] traiter ; [+ application] s'occuper de• your application will take six weeks to process l'examen de votre candidature prendra six semaines3. compounds* * *1. ['prəʊses], US ['prɒses]1) gen, Computing processus m (of de)in the process of doing this, he... — pendant qu'il faisait cela, il...
it's a long ou slow process — cela prend du temps
2) ( method) procédé m2. ['prəʊses], US ['prɒses]transitive verb1) gen, Administration, Computing traiter2) Industry transformer [raw materials, food product]; traiter [chemical, waste]3) Photography développer [film]3. [prə'sɛs]1) Religion, History faire des processions4.to process down/along — défiler dans/le long de [road]
processed ['prəʊsest] past participle adjective [food] qui a subi un traitement; [meat, peas] en conserve; [steel] traité -
7 by
by [baɪ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. adverb3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When by is an element in a phrasal verb, eg go by, stand by, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg by degrees, surrounded by, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. prepositiona. ( = close to) à côté de, près de• her cousins are over there, and she's sitting by them ses cousins sont là-bas et elle est assise à côté (d'eux)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• her bag was on the table and her keys right by it son sac était sur la table et ses clés juste à côtéb. ( = past) à côté dec. ( = via) par• which route did you come by? par où êtes-vous passés ?d. ( = not later than) pour• applications must be submitted by 21 April les candidatures doivent nous parvenir au plus tard le 21 avrile. ( = in) en• by 1990 the figure had reached... en 1990, ce chiffre avait atteint...• by 2010 the figure will have reached... en 2010, cette somme aura atteint...f. ( = on) by 30 September we had paid out £500 au 30 septembre nous avions payé 500 livres• by yesterday it was clear that... dès hier on savait que...g. ( = according to) by my calculations d'après mes calculsk. ( = created, written by) de• who's it by? c'est de qui ?l. (method, means, manner) à► by + -ing en• by leaving early he missed the rush en partant de bonne heure il a évité la cohue► by + means of transport en• by bus/car/taxi en bus/voiture/taxi• by rail or train en train━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When there is no clear agent, the active is more natural in French.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• by and large, I still think this is true globalement, je crois toujours que c'est vrai► by the way au fait• by the way, did you know it was Ann's birthday? au fait, tu savais que c'était l'anniversaire d'Ann ?2. adverb( = along, past) he'll be by any minute il sera là dans un instant3. compounds* * *[baɪ] 1.1) (showing agent, result) par2) ( through the means of)to travel by bus/train — voyager en bus/train
by bicycle — à bicyclette, en vélo
by candlelight — [dine] aux chandelles; [read] à la bougie
3) (according to, from evidence of) àby my watch it is three o'clock — à ma montre, il est trois heures
I could tell by the look on her face that she was angry — rien qu'à la regarder je savais qu'elle était fâchée
4) (via, passing through) par5) (near, beside) à côté de, près deby the bed/the window — à côté du lit/de la fenêtre
6) ( past)to go ou pass by somebody — passer devant quelqu'un
7) ( showing authorship) de8) (before, not later than) avantby four o'clock/next Thursday — avant quatre heures/jeudi prochain
by the time she had got downstairs he was gone — le temps qu'elle descende, il était parti
by now it was clear that they were going to win — à ce moment-là il était clair qu'ils allaient gagner
9) ( during)10) ( according to)it seems primitive by western standards — cela a l'air primitif selon or d'après les critères occidentaux
11) ( to the extent or degree of) deprices have risen by 20% — les prix ont augmenté de 20%
he's taller than me by two centimetres — il fait deux centimètres de plus que moi, il est plus grand que moi de deux centimètres
12) ( in measurements) sur13) (in multiplication, division) par14) (showing rate, quantity) à15) (in successive degrees, units)one by one — un par un, un à un
16) ( with regard to) dehe is an architect by profession ou trade — il est architecte de son métier
17) ( as a result of) parby accident/mistake — par accident/erreur
18) ( used with reflexive pronouns)19) Nautical ( in compass directions) quart2.1) ( past)the people walking by — les gens mpl qui passent/passaient, les passants mpl
2) ( near) près3) (aside, in reserve)4) ( to one's house)••by and by — bientôt, en peu de temps
by the by —
but that's by the by — mais ça c'est un détail, mais ça c'est autre chose
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8 allied
allied ['ælaɪd](a) (force, nations) allié(b) (related → subjects) connexe, du même ordre; Economics & Finance (→ product, industry) assimilé; Biology voisin(c) (connected) allié;∎ allied with allié à;∎ his natural talent, allied with his good looks, made him a star son talent naturel allié à un physique agréable ont fait de lui une star►► the Allied forces (in World War II) les forces fpl alliées;the Allied Powers les Puissances fpl alliées
См. также в других словарях:
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