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1 ἐνεγκεῖν
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bring', resultative (Att., Pi., B., Hp.),Other forms: ἐνέγκαι Aor.Compounds: often with prefix: ἀπ-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, κατ-, προσ- etc.; aor. pass. ἐνεχθῆναι with fut. ἐνεχθήσομαι, perf. act. ἐνήνοχα, med. ἐνήνεγμαι; as present there is φέρω, as fut. οἴσω. As 2. member with comp. lengthening in δι-, δουρ-, ποδηνεκής etc. (s. vv. and δόρυ).Derivatives: verbal noun ὄγκος s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [316] *h₁neḱ- `bring', [??] *h₂neḱ- `attain, reach'Etymology: ἐνέγκαι is an innovation after ἐνεῖκαι (s. v.). Beside ἐγκ- (*h₁nḱ-) there is ἐνεκ- (*h₁neḱ-); with ο-ablaut, Attic reduplication and aspiration ἐν-ήνοχ-α \< *h₁ne-h₁noḱ- (only ο-grade in κατ-ήνοκα H.). Cross of ἐγκ- and ἐνεκ- gave ἐν-ήνεγκται; further influence of ἐνεῖκαι resulted in ἐν-ήνειγκ-ται, ἤνειγκαν a. o. (Att. inscr.). - No exact parallels. IE enḱ-, onḱ- in reduplicated Skt. perf. ān-ámś-a `I have attained' (*h₁e-h₁neḱ-). More widespread is h₁neḱ-, h₁noḱ-: e. g. Lith. neš-ù, OCS nes-ǫ `I bring', and in several verbs for `attain'; e. g. Skt. náśati `attains' (cf K. Hoffmann, Münch. Stud. 2 [new impression] 121ff.), in Germ., e. g. Goth. ga-nah `ἀρκεῖ, it reaches = suffices'. With zero grade (IE *h₁n̥ḱ-) Skt. aś-nó-ti `reaches'. Prob. also Arm. has-anem, aor. has-i `reach'. Further one compares: Hitt. ninink- `raise' (to Lith. -ninkù, -nìkti, Benveniste BSL 50, 40), with nakkiš `heavy', Toch. B eṅk-, A ents- `take'; not here Hitt. ḫink- `hand over, reach'. - W.-Hofmann s. nanciō; Fraenkel Lexis 2, 186. Greek details Schwyzer 647, 744f., 766. - An extra problem is provided by Celtic, e. g. OIr. t-ānac `I came', which must be from another root with h₂-, *h₂e-h₂noḱ-. First distinguished by Kuiper, Nasalpräs. 50). Here perh. also διᾱνεκής. Here also Lat. na-n-c-īscor (nasal present), nactus sum `attain'. - Most difficult is the aorist ἐνεγκεῖν. The development of a form *h₁ne-h₁n̥ḱ-o- is unknown (*ἐνεακο-?? the form would loose its nasal); Beekes, MSS 38, 1979, 18ff. Cowgill operated with a root *Hnenḱ-, Evid. for Laryngeals, 154, n. 22.Page in Frisk: 1,512-513Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐνεγκεῖν
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2 πάσσαλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `plug, pin, peg, to hang sth. up to' (Il.).Other forms: Att. πάτταλος.Derivatives: Dimin. πασσαλ-ίσκος (Hp.) and - ιον (H.); - ιστής H. s. κυνδαλοπαίστης (s. κύνδαλος); - εύω, often w. προσ-, also w. δια-, κατα-, `to pin, to hang up' (Hdt., Att.) with the nom. instr. - εῖον (Plb., EM); - όομαι `to be provided with π.' (sch.), προσ-όω `to pin' (Thphr.). -- Beside it πάσσᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. `id.' (Megar., Ar. Ach. 763; like πόρπᾱξ, κνώδᾱξ a.o.; Chantraine Form. 381) with - άκιον, - ακίζω (H.); πασσάριος σταυρός H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: First from *πάκι̯αλος with λ-suffix; to Lat. păc-iscor `conclude a treaty', prop. `make fast', παγ-ῆναι (with variation k: g); s. πήγνυμι. As intermediate we must posit an unknown noun: *πάσσα (\< *πακ-ι̯ᾰ), *-πασσος or *πάσσων (cf. on κνώδαλον)?; diff. Benveniste Origines 47 (s. also Schwyzer 483 w. n. 8). Independent, but also with l-suffix, Lat. pālus (from * pac-s-lo-s); here also Toch. A pyākäṣ (B pyāśi) `pole, stake' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 159)? -- Lat. LW [loanword] pessulus `bolt' (on the meaning Rocco Glotta 32, 99); s. W.-Hofmann s.v. -- Derivation from *ph2k- is improbable: a pin has not become stiff (like ice). It has been sfatened, fixed to a wal or a pillar. The suffix - αλ- is pre-Greek, cannot be IE. (The words in -ᾱκ- seem Pre-Greek.) So prob. the whole word is Pre-Greek (*paky-al-)?Page in Frisk: 2,477Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πάσσαλος
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