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  • 1 Introduction

       Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.
       Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.
       Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.
       Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).
       Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.
       Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.
       LAND AND PEOPLE
       The Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).
       For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.
       Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into the
       Atlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.
       Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:
       1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)
       1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)
       1864 4,287,000 first census
       1890 5,049,700
       1900 5,423,000
       1911 5,960,000
       1930 6,826,000
       1940 7,185,143
       1950 8,510,000
       1960 8,889,000
       1970 8,668,000* note decrease
       1980 9,833,000
       1991 9,862,540
       1996 9,934,100
       2006 10,642,836
       2010 10,710,000 (estimated)

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Introduction

  • 2 show

    1. noun
    1) (display) Pracht, die

    a show of flowers/colour — eine Blumen-/Farbenpracht

    show of force/strength — etc. Demonstration der Macht/Stärke usw.

    2) (exhibition) Ausstellung, die; Schau, die

    dog show — Hundeschau, die

    3) (entertainment, performance) Show, die; (Theatre) Vorstellung, die; (Radio, Telev.) [Unterhaltungs]sendung, die; see also academic.ru/70491/steal">steal 1. 1)
    4) (coll.): (effort)

    put up a good/poor show — eine gute/schlechte Figur machen

    good show! — gut [gemacht]!

    5) (coll.): (undertaking, business)

    it's his show — er ist der Boss (ugs.)

    give the [whole] show away — alles ausquatschen (salopp)

    6) (outward appearance) Anschein, der

    make or put on a [great] show of doing something — sich (Dat.) [angestrengt] den Anschein geben, etwas zu tun

    do something just for show — etwas nur aus Prestigegründen tun

    2. transitive verb,
    p.p. shown or showed
    1) (allow or cause to be seen) zeigen; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrschein usw.]

    show somebody something, show something to somebody — jemandem etwas zeigen

    have nothing/something to show for it — [dabei] nichts/etwas zum Vorzeigen haben

    this material does not show the dirt — auf diesem Material sieht man den Schmutz nicht; see also colour 1. 5); sign 1. 5)

    2) (manifest, give evidence of) zeigen; beweisen [Mut, Entschlossenheit, Urteilsvermögen usw.]

    he is showing his age — man sieht ihm sein Alter an

    3)

    show [somebody] kindness/mercy — freundlich [zu jemandem] sein/Erbarmen [mit jemandem] haben

    show mercy on or to somebody — Erbarmen mit jemandem haben

    4) (indicate) zeigen [Gefühl, Freude usw.]; [Thermometer, Uhr usw.:] anzeigen

    as shown in the illustration — wie die Abbildung zeigt

    the firm shows a profit/loss — die Firma macht Gewinn/Verlust

    5) (demonstrate, prove) zeigen

    show somebody that... — jemandem beweisen, dass...

    it all/just goes to show that... — das beweist nur, dass...

    it all goes to show, doesn't it? — das beweist es doch, oder?

    I'll show you/him etc.! — ich werd's dir/ihm usw. schon zeigen!

    show somebody who's boss — jemandem zeigen, wer das Sagen hat

    6) (conduct) führen

    show somebody over or round the house/to his place — jemanden durchs Haus/an seinen Platz führen

    3. intransitive verb,
    p.p. shown or showed
    1) (be visible) sichtbar od. zu sehen sein

    he was angry/bored, and it showed — er war wütend/langweilte sich, und man sah es [ihm an]

    2) (be shown) [Film:] laufen; [Künstler:] ausstellen

    "Gandhi" - now showing in the West End — "Gandhi" - Jetzt im West End

    3) (make something known)

    time will show — man wird es [ja] sehen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    [ʃəu] 1. past tense - showed; verb
    1) (to allow or cause to be seen: Show me your new dress; Please show your membership card when you come to the club; His work is showing signs of improvement.) zeigen
    2) (to be able to be seen: The tear in your dress hardly shows; a faint light showing through the curtains.) sich sehen lassen
    3) (to offer or display, or to be offered or displayed, for the public to look at: Which picture is showing at the cinema?; They are showing a new film; His paintings are being shown at the art gallery.) zeigen
    4) (to point out or point to: He showed me the road to take; Show me the man you saw yesterday.) zeigen
    5) ((often with (a)round) to guide or conduct: Please show this lady to the door; They showed him (a)round (the factory).) zeigen
    6) (to demonstrate to: Will you show me how to do it?; He showed me a clever trick.) zeigen
    7) (to prove: That just shows / goes to show how stupid he is.) zeigen
    8) (to give or offer (someone) kindness etc: He showed him no mercy.) erweisen
    2. noun
    1) (an entertainment, public exhibition, performance etc: a horse-show; a flower show; the new show at the theatre; a TV show.) die Schau
    2) (a display or act of showing: a show of strength.) zur Schau stellen
    3) (an act of pretending to be, do etc (something): He made a show of working, but he wasn't really concentrating.) der Schein
    4) (appearance, impression: They just did it for show, in order to make themselves seem more important than they are.) die Schau
    5) (an effort or attempt: He put up a good show in the chess competition.) der Eindruck
    •
    - showy
    - showiness
    - show-business
    - showcase
    - showdown
    - showground
    - show-jumping
    - showman
    - showroom
    - give the show away
    - good show! - on show
    - show off
    - show up
    * * *
    [ʃəʊ, AM ʃoʊ]
    I. NOUN
    1. (showing) Bekundung f geh, Demonstration f geh
    those members who had made the most open \shows of defiance surprisingly abstained diejenigen Mitglieder, die ihre Ablehnung am deutlichsten bekundet hatten, enthielten sich überraschenderweise der Stimme
    his refusal was a childish \show of defiance seine Weigerung war eine kindische Trotzreaktion
    \show of force Machtdemonstration f geh
    \show of kindness Geste f der Freundlichkeit
    \show of solidarity Solidaritätsbekundung f geh
    \show of strength/unity Demonstration f der Stärke/Einigkeit geh
    the troops paraded in a \show of strength through the capital die Truppen marschierten durch die Hauptstadt, um ihre Stärke zu demonstrieren
    despite their public \show of unity they are close to getting divorced obwohl sie nach außen hin Einigkeit demonstrieren, stehen sie kurz vor der Scheidung
    2. no pl (display, impression) Schau f
    just [or only] for \show nur der Schau wegen
    are those lights just for \show? sollen die Lichter nur Eindruck machen?
    to make a \show of sth etw zur Schau stellen
    he really made a \show of accepting the award ( fam) er hat bei der Entgegennahme des Preises die große Show [o eine Show] abgezogen fam
    3. no pl (impressive sight) Pracht f, Schauspiel nt geh
    a \show of colour/flowers eine Farben-/Blumenpracht
    4. (exhibition, event) Schau f, Ausstellung f
    dog/fashion \show Hunde-/Modenschau f
    retrospective \show Retrospektive f
    slide \show Diavorführung f, Diavortrag m
    ▪ to be on \show ausgestellt sein
    5. (entertainment) Show f; (on TV also) Unterhaltungssendung f; (at a theatre) Vorstellung f, Vorführung f
    puppet \show Puppenspiel nt, Marionettentheater nt
    quiz \show Quizsendung f, Quizshow f
    radio/stage \show Radio-/Bühnenshow f
    talent \show Talentwettbewerb m
    to stage a \show eine Show auf die Bühne bringen
    6. no pl ( fam: activity, affair) Sache f; (undertaking) Laden m fig fam; (situation) Situation f
    who will run the \show when she retires? wer wird den Laden schmeißen, wenn sie in Pension geht? fam
    she prefers to be in charge of her own \show sie zieht es vor, unabhängig schalten und walten zu können
    how did she run the \show when the company threatened legal action? wie hat sie die Angelegenheit geregelt, als die Firma mit rechtlichen Schritten drohte?
    I didn't like how he ran the \show during the strike mir hat es nicht gefallen, wie er mit der Situation während des Streiks umgegangen ist
    it's her [own] \show sie ist hier der Boss [o hat hier das Sagen] fam
    who is running the \show?, whose \show is it? wer ist hier der Boss [o hat hier das Sagen]? fam
    the wedding is their \show, let them do it their way es ist ihre Sache [zu entscheiden], wie ihre Hochzeit ablaufen soll
    ▪ the \show die Baseballoberliga
    8.
    ▶ bad [or poor] /good \show! ( dated fam) schwache Leistung!/gut [gemacht]!
    ▶ let's get the [or this] \show on the road ( fam) lasst uns die Sache [endlich] in Angriff nehmen
    ▶ the \show must go on ( saying) die Show muss weitergehen
    ▶ \show of hands [Abstimmung f per] Handzeichen nt
    let me see a \show of hands bitte mal die Hand hochheben
    let's have a \show of hands lass uns per Hand abstimmen
    by [or on] a \show of hands durch Handzeichen
    ▶ to make [or put on] a \show eine Schau abziehen fam
    ▶ to make [or put on] a \show of doing sth vortäuschen, etw zu tun
    they put on a \show of being interested sie taten so als seien sie interessiert, sie täuschten Interesse vor
    ▶ to put on [or up] a good \show sich akk bemühen, Einsatz zeigen
    <showed, shown or showed>
    1. (display, project)
    ▪ to \show [sb] sth [jdm] etw zeigen; (exhibit)
    ▪ to \show sth etw ausstellen; (perform)
    ▪ to \show sth etw vorführen; (produce)
    ▪ to \show sth etw vorzeigen
    don't ever \show yourself here again! lass dich hier ja nie wieder blicken!
    the photos \show them kissing and cuddling die Fotos zeigen sie küssend und in liebevoller Umarmung
    to \show sb one's ability jdm seine Fähigkeiten vorführen
    to \show a film einen Film zeigen [o fam bringen]
    this film has never been \shown on television dieser Film kam noch nie im Fernsehen
    to \show a flag eine Flagge hissen
    to \show one's passport at the border seinen Pass an der Grenze vorzeigen
    to \show sb one's ticket jdm seine Fahrkarte [vor]zeigen
    to \show slides Dias vorführen [o zeigen]
    to \show the time die Uhrzeit anzeigen
    to \show one's work ART [seine Arbeiten] ausstellen
    his paintings will be \shown in the National Gallery until May seine Bilder sind bis Mai in der Nationalgalerie zu sehen
    2. (expose)
    ▪ to \show sth etw sehen lassen
    your blouse is \showing your bra durch deine Bluse kann man deinen BH sehen
    this carpet \shows all the dirt bei dem Teppich kann man jedes bisschen Schmutz sehen
    3. (reveal)
    ▪ to \show sth etw zeigen [o erkennen lassen]
    he started to \show his age man begann, ihm sein Alter anzusehen
    he \showed no signs of improvement er zeigte keinerlei Besserung
    to \show courage/initiative/common sense Mut/Unternehmungsgeist/gesunden Menschenverstand beweisen
    to \show genius/originality Genie/Originalität beweisen
    to \show promise viel versprechend sein
    4. (express)
    ▪ to \show sth etw zeigen
    to \show a bias/enthusiasm for sth eine Vorliebe/Begeisterung für etw akk zeigen
    to \show clemency Milde walten lassen
    to \show compassion [for sb] [mit jdm] Mitleid haben
    to \show compunction Gewissensbisse haben
    to \show [sb] one's gratitude sich akk [jdm gegenüber] dankbar erweisen [o zeigen]
    to \show sb respect jdm Respekt erweisen
    you have to \show more respect du solltest mehr Respekt zeigen
    5. (point out, indicate)
    ▪ to \show sth [to sb] [jdm] etw zeigen; (represent)
    ▪ to \show sth etw darstellen
    the map \shows where her house is auf der Karte ist ihr Haus zu sehen
    this map \shows urban areas in grey auf dieser Karte sind die Stadtgebiete grau dargestellt
    it's \showing signs of rain es sieht nach Regen aus
    6. (explain)
    ▪ to \show sb sth jdm etw zeigen [o erklären]
    to \show sb the way jdm den Weg zeigen
    7. (record)
    ▪ to \show sth etw anzeigen; statistics etw [auf]zeigen
    to \show a loss/profit einen Verlust/Gewinn aufweisen
    ▪ to \show sth etw beweisen
    to \show cause LAW seine Gründe vorbringen
    order to \show cause gerichtliche Verfügung
    to \show one's mettle zeigen, was in einem steckt
    ▪ to \show sb that... jdm zeigen [o beweisen], dass...
    ▪ to \show [sb] how/why... [jdm] zeigen, wie/warum...
    ▪ to \show oneself [to be] sth sich akk als etw erweisen
    9. (escort)
    ▪ to \show sb into/out of/to sth jdn in etw akk /aus/zu etw dat führen [o bringen]
    ▪ to \show sb over [or AM usu around] a place jdm einen Ort zeigen
    they \showed us over the estate sie führten uns auf dem Anwesen herum
    10.
    ▶ to \show one's cards [or hand] seine Karten aufdecken fig
    ▶ to \show sb the door jdm die Tür weisen
    ▶ to dare [to] \show one's face es wagen, aufzukreuzen fam
    he won't dare to \show his face here again er wird es nie wieder wagen, hier aufzukreuzen fam
    ▶ to have nothing to \show for it [or for one's efforts] [am Ende] nichts vorzuweisen haben
    five years in the job, and what have you got to \show for it? du machst diesen Job nun schon seit fünf Jahren, und was hast du nun von all der Mühe?
    ▶ to \show [sb] no quarter ( liter) [mit jdm] kein Erbarmen haben
    ▶ to \show one's teeth die Zähne zeigen fig fam
    ▶ to \show one's true colours Farbe bekennen
    ▶ to \show the way [forward] den Weg weisen fig
    ▶ that will \show you/her ( fam) das wird dir/ihr eine Lehre sein
    <showed, shown or showed>
    1. (be visible) zu sehen sein
    the trees \show blue on these photographs die Bäume erscheinen auf diesen Fotos blau
    she's four months pregnant and starting to \show sie ist im vierten Monat schwanger und allmählich sieht man es auch
    to let sth \show sich dat etw anmerken lassen
    2. esp AM, AUS ( fam: arrive) auftauchen, aufkreuzen fam
    3. (be shown) film gezeigt werden, laufen fam
    now \showing at a cinema near you! jetzt im Kino!
    4. (exhibit) ausstellen
    5. AM (come third in horse racing) Dritte(r) f(m) werden
    * * *
    [ʃəʊ] vb: pret showed, ptp shown
    1. n
    1)

    (= display) a fine show of roses — eine Rosenpracht

    show of hands — Handzeichen nt, Hand(er)heben nt

    2) (= outward appearance) Schau f; (= trace) Spur f; (of hatred, affection) Kundgebung f

    to make a great show of being impressed/overworked/pleased — sich (dat) ganz den Anschein geben, beeindruckt/überarbeitet/erfreut zu sein

    without any show of emotion —

    3) (= exhibition) Ausstellung f

    dog/fashion show — Hunde-/Modenschau f

    4) (THEAT) Aufführung f; (TV, VARIETY OR POP SHOW) Show f; (RAD) Sendung f; (FILM) Vorstellung f

    to go to a show ( esp Brit : in theatre ) — ins Theater gehen; ( US : in movie theater ) ins Kino gehen

    See:
    → steal
    5) (esp Brit inf)

    (jolly) good show! (dated) bad show! (dated) (= what a pity) — ausgezeichnet!, bravo! schwaches Bild (inf) so ein Pech!

    to put up a good/poor show —

    it's a pretty poor show when... — das ist vielleicht traurig or ein schwaches Bild (inf), wenn...

    6) (inf: undertaking, organization) Laden m (inf)

    to give the ( whole) show away — alles verraten

    2. vt
    1) (= display) zeigen; (COMPUT) anzeigen; (at exhibition) ausstellen, zeigen; (= demonstrate) dog vorführen; slides, film zeigen, vorführen; passport, ticket vorzeigen

    to show sb sth, to show sth to sb — jdm etw zeigen

    show me how to do it — zeigen Sie mir, wie man das macht

    he had nothing to show for it — er hatte am Ende nichts vorzuweisen

    See:
    → hand, heel
    2) (= register) (an)zeigen; loss, profit haben, verzeichnen; rise in numbers aufzeigen; (thermometer, speedometer) stehen auf (+dat); (calendar) zeigen

    it shows that... — es zeigt, dass...

    the dial will show red if... — der Zeiger zeigt auf Rot, wenn...

    3) (= indicate) zeigen; (= prove) beweisen; kindness, favour erweisen; courage zeigen, beweisen; loyalty, taste, tact, intelligence beweisen; respect bezeigen; proof erbringen

    this shows him to be a thief —

    I hope I have shown how silly it is — ich habe hoffentlich (auf)gezeigt, wie dumm das ist

    it all or just goes to show that... — das zeigt doch nur, dass...

    4) (= reveal) zeigen

    it showed signs of having been used — man sah, dass es gebraucht worden war

    show a leg! ( Brit inf ) — raus aus den Federn! (inf)

    5) (= direct) zeigen

    to show sb in/out — jdn hereinbringen/hinausbringen or -begleiten

    to show sb out of a room — jdn hinausbegleiten, jdn aus dem Zimmer begleiten

    to show sb into a room — jdn hereinbringen, jdn ins Zimmer bringen

    to show sb to his seat/to the door — jdn an seinen Platz/an die or zur Tür bringen

    they were shown over or (a)round the factory — ihnen wurde die Fabrik gezeigt, sie wurden in der Fabrik herumgeführt

    3. vi
    1) (= be visible) zu sehen sein, sichtbar sein; (petticoat etc) vorsehen, rausgucken (inf); (film) gezeigt werden, laufen; (= exhibit artist) ausstellen

    the pregnancy or she is now beginning to show — man sieht or merkt jetzt allmählich, dass sie schwanger ist

    to show through —

    2)

    (= prove) it just goes to show! — da sieht mans mal wieder!

    4. vr

    he showed himself to be a coward —

    * * *
    show [ʃəʊ]
    A s
    1. (Her)Zeigen n:
    vote by show of hands durch Handzeichen wählen;
    show of teeth Zähnefletschen n
    2. Show f, Schau f, Zurschaustellung f:
    a show of force fig eine Demonstration der Macht
    3. (künstlerische etc) Darbietung, Vorführung f, Vorstellung f, Show f, Schau f:
    put on a show fig eine Schau abziehen, sich aufspielen;
    steal the show fig (jemandem) die Schau stehlen
    4. umg (Theater-, Film)Vorstellung f
    5. Show f, Schau f, Ausstellung f:
    on show ausgestellt, zu besichtigen(d)
    6. (Radio-, Fernseh)Sendung f
    7. (prunkvoller) Umzug
    8. fig Schauspiel n, Anblick m:
    make a sorry show einen traurigen Eindruck hinterlassen;
    make a good show eine gute Figur machen umg
    9. umg gute etc Leistung:
    good show! gut gemacht!, bravo!
    10. Protzerei f, Angeberei f (beide umg):
    for show um Eindruck zu machen, (nur) fürs Auge;
    be fond of show gern großtun
    11. (leerer) Schein:
    in outward show nach außen (hin);
    make a show of interest Interesse heucheln, sich interessiert geben;
    make a show of rage sich wütend stellen
    12. Spur f, Anzeichen n
    13. (Zirkus-, Theater) Truppe f
    14. umg Chance f:
    15. besonders Br umg Laden m, Sache f:
    a dull (poor) show eine langweilige (armselige) Sache;
    run the show den Laden oder die Sache schmeißen;
    give the (whole) show away sich oder alles verraten
    16. Pferderennen etc: dritter Platz
    B v/t prät showed, pperf shown, showed
    1. zeigen, sehen lassen, seinen Ausweis, seine Fahrkarte etc auch vorzeigen, -weisen:
    show o.s.
    a) auch show one’s face sich zeigen, sich sehen oder blicken lassen
    b) fig sich grausam etc zeigen, sich erweisen als;
    I’ll show him! der soll mich kennenlernen!;
    never show your face again! lass dich hier nie wieder blicken!;
    “not shown” (in Katalogen etc) „ohne Abbildung“; → card1 1 a, etc
    2. jemandem zeigen oder erklären ( how to do sth wie man etwas tut):
    show sb how to write jemandem das Schreiben beibringen
    3. sein Wissen etc an den Tag legen, zeigen
    4. Katzen etc ausstellen, auf einer Ausstellung zeigen
    5. zeigen:
    a) THEAT etc vorführen
    b) TV bringen
    6. jemanden ins Zimmer etc führen, geleiten, bringen:
    show sb about ( oder [a]round) the town jemandem die Stadt zeigen, jemanden in der Stadt herumführen;
    show sb over the house jemanden durch das Haus führen;
    show sb (a)round jemanden (herum)führen
    7. seine Absichten etc kundtun, offenbaren
    8. seine Pläne etc (auf)zeigen, darlegen
    9. zeigen, beweisen:
    you’ll have to show me! umg das wirst du mir (erst) beweisen müssen!
    10. JUR nachweisen, vorbringen:
    show proof JUR den Beweis erbringen; → cause A 4
    11. PHYS, TECH (an)zeigen:
    12. Gefühle zeigen, sich etwas anmerken lassen
    13. schlechten Geschmack etc zeigen, erkennen lassen, verraten
    14. jemandem eine Gunst etc erweisen:
    show sb gratitude sich jemandem gegenüber dankbar erweisen
    C v/i
    1. sichtbar werden oder sein, sich zeigen:
    the blood shows through her skin man sieht das Blut durch ihre Haut;
    it shows man sieht es; → time A 1
    2. umg sich zeigen, erscheinen
    3. aussehen ( like wie):
    show to advantage vorteilhaft aussehen
    4. be showing gezeigt werden, laufen (Film)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (display) Pracht, die

    a show of flowers/colour — eine Blumen-/Farbenpracht

    show of force/strength — etc. Demonstration der Macht/Stärke usw.

    2) (exhibition) Ausstellung, die; Schau, die

    dog show — Hundeschau, die

    3) (entertainment, performance) Show, die; (Theatre) Vorstellung, die; (Radio, Telev.) [Unterhaltungs]sendung, die; see also steal 1. 1)
    4) (coll.): (effort)

    put up a good/poor show — eine gute/schlechte Figur machen

    good show! — gut [gemacht]!

    5) (coll.): (undertaking, business)

    give the [whole] show away — alles ausquatschen (salopp)

    6) (outward appearance) Anschein, der

    make or put on a [great] show of doing something — sich (Dat.) [angestrengt] den Anschein geben, etwas zu tun

    2. transitive verb,
    p.p. shown or showed
    1) (allow or cause to be seen) zeigen; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrschein usw.]

    show somebody something, show something to somebody — jemandem etwas zeigen

    have nothing/something to show for it — [dabei] nichts/etwas zum Vorzeigen haben

    this material does not show the dirt — auf diesem Material sieht man den Schmutz nicht; see also colour 1. 5); sign 1. 5)

    2) (manifest, give evidence of) zeigen; beweisen [Mut, Entschlossenheit, Urteilsvermögen usw.]
    3)

    show [somebody] kindness/mercy — freundlich [zu jemandem] sein/Erbarmen [mit jemandem] haben

    show mercy on or to somebody — Erbarmen mit jemandem haben

    4) (indicate) zeigen [Gefühl, Freude usw.]; [Thermometer, Uhr usw.:] anzeigen

    the firm shows a profit/loss — die Firma macht Gewinn/Verlust

    5) (demonstrate, prove) zeigen

    show somebody that... — jemandem beweisen, dass...

    it all/just goes to show that... — das beweist nur, dass...

    it all goes to show, doesn't it? — das beweist es doch, oder?

    I'll show you/him etc.! — ich werd's dir/ihm usw. schon zeigen!

    show somebody who's boss — jemandem zeigen, wer das Sagen hat

    6) (conduct) führen

    show somebody over or round the house/to his place — jemanden durchs Haus/an seinen Platz führen

    3. intransitive verb,
    p.p. shown or showed
    1) (be visible) sichtbar od. zu sehen sein

    he was angry/bored, and it showed — er war wütend/langweilte sich, und man sah es [ihm an]

    2) (be shown) [Film:] laufen; [Künstler:] ausstellen

    "Gandhi" - now showing in the West End — "Gandhi" - Jetzt im West End

    3) (make something known)

    time will show — man wird es [ja] sehen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (cinema) n.
    Vorstellung f. n.
    Ausstellung f.
    Schau -en f. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: showed)
    or p.p.: shown•) = aufweisen v.
    aufzeigen v.
    ausstellen (auf einer Messe) v.
    vorführen v.
    vorweisen v.
    zeigen v.

    English-german dictionary > show

  • 3 Health

       Although public health has improved considerably in the past two decades, and there has been a greater rate of improvement in this area since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, severe public health problems continue to plague Portugal. The death rate has decreased and life expectancy has increased (in 1989-90, life expectancy was about 71 for males and 78 for females, and by 2000 this had increased), but public health problems in Portugal continue to be severe; statistics especially in rural Portugal were typical of many poor countries. Recent improvements in the health picture include an improved medical educational system, better medical technology, and an increased number of doctors and medical personnel. There has also been some increase in the number of hospitals (in 1975, there were 229 hospitals and, in 1990, 239) and the number of beds available for patients. Basic health knowledge in the general population, however, remains low, especially in rural areas. Traditionally, medical resources continue to be most available in the major cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra.
       Along with increased migration from Portugal's former colonies and with European Union membership and its concomitant freer traffic across land frontiers, there has been an increase in the numbers of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency (HIV/AIDS) cases. Although not on the scale of some other Western European or North African countries, Portugal's HIV/AIDS situation has aroused national concern.
       An important sign of improving health care is that, as more women enter professional fields, more women choose to become doctors. Observers note that public health and medical improvements remain closely linked to reforms in education and better living conditions in both urban and rural areas where substandard housing, sanitation facilities, hygiene, and clean water supplies remain persistent problems.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Health

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