most+excellent

pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).

Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):

o puerum pulchrum,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:

pulcher ac decens,

Suet. Dom. 18:

virgo pulchra!

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:

pulchra juvenis,

Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:

quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,

Verg. A. 9, 179:

formā pulcherrima,

id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):

O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;

as an epithet of Apollo,

Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:

satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,

id. ib. 7, 656:

pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.:

pulchro corpore creti,

Lucr. 5, 1116:

o faciem pulchram!

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:

fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51:

color,

Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:

mulier pulchra nimis,

Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:

tunicae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:

testudo,

Verg. G. 2, 463:

recessus,

Ov. M. 14, 261:

horti,

id. P. 1, 8, 37:

fluvius,

Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:

quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?

Cic. Sen. 15, 53:

urbs pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:

pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:

acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,

Cato, R. R. 104:

panis longe pulcherrimus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:

pulcherrima opera,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:

quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—

Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:

praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,

that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,

Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

pulcherrimum exemplum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

fasces,

Lucr. 5, 1234:

pulcherrima consilia,

Verg. A. 5, 728:

nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

id. ib. 1, 286:

poëmata,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:

divitiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 95:

dies,

favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:

o Sol pulcher, o laudande,

id. ib. 4, 2, 47;

4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,

Flor. 2, 2, 14:

viae ejus viae pulchrae,

Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:

pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,

honorable, Sil. 5, 594:

quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:

cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,

to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:

pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,

Verg. A. 2, 317:

pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,

Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:

pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,

Luc. 9, 391:

turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,

Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:

subigere aliquid,

Cato, R. R. 74:

aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:

oppidum pulchre munitum,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:

vendere,

i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;

38: conciliare,

at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:

victitare,

id. Most. 1, 1, 51:

admonere,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:

pulchre dictum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:

pulchre et oratorie dicere,

Cic. Or. 68, 227:

pulchre asseverat,

bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:

proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,

very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

intellegere,

Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:

Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,

Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:

peristi pulchre,

you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,

occidi,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:

neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,

in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:

pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),

excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.

Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12.

pulcher, chra, chrum, and less correctly pulcer, cra, crum, adj. [for pol-cer, root pol-ire, akin with parēre, apparēre, prop. bright, shining; hence], beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome, in shape and appearance (syn.: speciosus, venustus, formosus).

Lit.: homo, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.):

o puerum pulchrum,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 74:

pulcher ac decens,

Suet. Dom. 18:

virgo pulchra!

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 54:

pulchra juvenis,

Phaedr. 2, 2, 5:

quo pulchrior alter Non fuit Aeneadūm,

Verg. A. 9, 179:

formā pulcherrima,

id. ib. 1, 496; cf.: Venus quem pulcherrima dium Fari donavit, Enn. ap. Prob. ap. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 18 Vahl.):

O matre pulchrā filia pulchrior,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 1;

as an epithet of Apollo,

Verg. A. 3, 119 Serv.:

satus Hercule pulchro Pulcher Aventinus,

id. ib. 7, 656:

pulcher bos appellatur ad eximiam pinguedinem perductus,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.:

pulchro corpore creti,

Lucr. 5, 1116:

o faciem pulchram!

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5:

fuit vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51:

color,

Lucr. 4, 1133 and 1094:

mulier pulchra nimis,

Vulg. Gen. 12, 14:

tunicae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 33:

testudo,

Verg. G. 2, 463:

recessus,

Ov. M. 14, 261:

horti,

id. P. 1, 8, 37:

fluvius,

Verg. G. 2, 137; Val. Fl. 5, 486:

quid potest esse aspectu pulchrius?

Cic. Sen. 15, 53:

urbs pulcherrima,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117; Liv. 7, 30, 16:

pulcherrimorum agrorum judex,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 43:

acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum,

Cato, R. R. 104:

panis longe pulcherrimus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 89:

pulcherrima opera,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 69.— Subst.: pulchrum, i, n., beauty:

quid habet pulchri constructus acervus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 44.—

Trop., in a spiritual or moral sense, beautiful, fine, excellent, noble, honorable, glorious, illustrious, etc.:

praetor interea, ne pulchrum se ac beatum putaret,

that he might not think too highly of himself, Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

res publica paulatim immutata ex pulcherrimā pessima ac flagitiosissima facta est,

Sall. C. 5, 9; Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

pulcherrimum exemplum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

maximum et pulcherrimum facinus,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

fasces,

Lucr. 5, 1234:

pulcherrima consilia,

Verg. A. 5, 728:

nascetur pulchrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

id. ib. 1, 286:

poëmata,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 6:

divitiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 95:

dies,

favorable, fortunate, id. C. 1, 36, 10:

o Sol pulcher, o laudande,

id. ib. 4, 2, 47;

4, 4, 39: pulcherrimus exitus,

Flor. 2, 2, 14:

viae ejus viae pulchrae,

Vulg. Prov. 3, 17:

pulchrum sub pectore vulnus,

honorable, Sil. 5, 594:

quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118.— Poet., with gen.: pulcherrimus irae, glorious on account of (just) wrath, Sil. 11, 365.—Pulchrum (est), with a subj. -clause, it is beautiful, grand, glorious, etc.:

cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies,

to whom it seemed a fine thing, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 30:

pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis,

Verg. A. 2, 317:

pulchrius hac fuerat, Troja, perire tibi,

Prop. 2, 2, 44 (2, 3, 34): pulchrum putare, ducere, to think or consider beautiful:

pati pulchrum Romanumque putant,

Luc. 9, 391:

turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores,

Quint. 1, 2, 22. —As a translation of the Gr. ho kalos (a complimentary formula), handsome, lovely, noble: propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Kritiai tôi kalôi, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96.—Hence, adv.: pulchrē ( - crē), beautifully, excellently, finely, nobly, very, etc.:

subigere aliquid,

Cato, R. R. 74:

aedes probae pulchreque aedificatae,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 61:

oppidum pulchre munitum,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 6:

vendere,

i. e. at a high price, id. ib. 4, 4, 31;

38: conciliare,

at a low price, id. Ep. 3, 4, 36:

victitare,

id. Most. 1, 1, 51:

admonere,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 56:

pulchre dictum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 26:

pulchre et oratorie dicere,

Cic. Or. 68, 227:

pulchre asseverat,

bravely, cunningly, id. Clu. 26, 73:

proxima hostia litatur saepe pulcherrime,

very favorably, id. Div. 2, 15, 36: ferre fortunam secundam pulcherrime, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

intellegere,

Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:

Caesar ait se non posse galeam cognoscere, hominem pulchre posse,

Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 2:

peristi pulchre,

you have done for yourself finely, utterly, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50; so,

occidi,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 58.—Pulchre est mihi, I am well, it goes well with me, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114; Hor. S. 2, 8, 19; Cat. 23, 5.—Pulchre esse, to live well, enjoy one's self, be happy, Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21:

neque ligna ego praehiberi vidi pulcrius,

in greater abundance, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5:

pulchre, as an exclamation of applause (like recte, probe, etc.),

excellently! bravo! well done! Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 92; Hor. A. P. 428.

Pulcher ( - cer), chri, m., and Pul-chra ( - cra), ae, f., a Roman surname of the Claudii (Clodii), Liv. 38, 35; Val. Max. 3, 5, 3; Tac. A. 4, 52.—Pulchri promontorium, a promontory in Northern Africa, north-east of Carthage, now Cap Bono, Liv. 29, 27, 12.

rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

quercus, ilex),

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,

Lit.

In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

morsus roboris,

i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

so of the same,

id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

solido de robore myrtus,

id. ib. 2, 64:

annoso validam robore quercum,

i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

annoso robore quercus,

Ov. M. 8, 743:

antiquo robore quercus,

with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

Massyla, i. e. citri,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

Maurorum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—

Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

id. ib. 1, 303.—

Oak-wood, oak:

naves totae factae ex robore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Transf.

Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.

In gen.:

Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

sacrum,

Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

ferro praefixum,

id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

aratri,

i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—

In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

robur et saxum minitari,

Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

verbera, carnifices, robur,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—

Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).

Lit.:

duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

ferri,

Verg. A. 7, 609:

saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

navium,

Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

id. Cael. 30, 73:

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

si quod est robur,

Flor. 2, 1, 1.—

Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

animi (with magnitudo),

id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

robur incredibile animi,

id. Mil. 37, 101:

quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

id. Planc. 8, 21:

pectus robore fultum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

te mea robora fallunt,

id. H. 16, 367:

velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

Liv. 24, 26, 11:

verba quanti roboris plena,

Sen. Ep 10, 3:

qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—

Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

senatūs robur,

Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

haec sunt nostra robora,

id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

robora pubis,

Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

ingentia robora virorum,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

conferta robora virorum,

Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

Col. 2, 6, 1.

rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

quercus, ilex),

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,

Lit.

In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

morsus roboris,

i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

so of the same,

id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

solido de robore myrtus,

id. ib. 2, 64:

annoso validam robore quercum,

i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

annoso robore quercus,

Ov. M. 8, 743:

antiquo robore quercus,

with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

Massyla, i. e. citri,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

Maurorum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—

Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

id. ib. 1, 303.—

Oak-wood, oak:

naves totae factae ex robore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Transf.

Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.

In gen.:

Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

sacrum,

Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

ferro praefixum,

id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

aratri,

i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—

In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

robur et saxum minitari,

Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

verbera, carnifices, robur,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—

Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).

Lit.:

duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

ferri,

Verg. A. 7, 609:

saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

navium,

Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

id. Cael. 30, 73:

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

si quod est robur,

Flor. 2, 1, 1.—

Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

animi (with magnitudo),

id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

robur incredibile animi,

id. Mil. 37, 101:

quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

id. Planc. 8, 21:

pectus robore fultum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

te mea robora fallunt,

id. H. 16, 367:

velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

Liv. 24, 26, 11:

verba quanti roboris plena,

Sen. Ep 10, 3:

qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—

Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

senatūs robur,

Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

haec sunt nostra robora,

id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

robora pubis,

Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

ingentia robora virorum,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

conferta robora virorum,

Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

Col. 2, 6, 1.

sălūs, ūtis (archaic gen. SALVTES, on a clay vessel, v. Ritschl de Fictilibus Litteratis, Berol, 1853, p. 18, n. 5; cf. APOLONES, from Apollo; dat. SALVTEI, Corp. Inscr. Lat. 587), f. [root sar, to guard, whence servus, servare, salvus, sollus; cf. Gr. holos, entire], a being safe and sound; a sound or whole condition, health, welfare, prosperity, preservation, safety, deliverance, etc. (very freq. and class.: cf.: valetudo, sanitas).

Lit.

In gen.: Mars pater te precor, pastores pecuaque salva servassis duisque bonam salutem valetudinemque mihi domo familiaeque nostrae, an old form of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141, 3; cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 27; so,

too, the religious formula for asking protection: quod cum salute ejus fiat,

and may it do him good, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 3;

and in the same sense: bonā salute,

Cato, R. R. 4 fin.:

adhuc quae assolent quaeque oportet Signa esse ad salutem, omnia huic (puero recens nato) esse video,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

aegrorum salutem ab Aesculapio datam,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

qui etiam medicis suis non ad salutem, sed ad necem utatur,

id. Har. Resp. 16, 35:

me confectum consularibus volneribus consulari medicinā ad salutem reduceret,

id. Red. Quir. 6, 15:

firmā potiri salute,

Ov. H. 20, [p. 1622] 179:

salute nostrā atque urbe captā Domum reduco integrum omnem exercitum,

in good health, well, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 147:

mater redit suā salute ac familiae maximā,

in excellent health, id. Merc. 4, 5, 9:

salute nostrum socium,

id. Men. 1, 2, 25:

salute horiae,

uninjured, id. Rud. 4, 2, 5:

in optimorum consiliis posita est civitatium salus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51; cf.:

tu eris unus, in quo nitatur civitatis salus,

id. ib. 6, 12, 12;

2, 23, 43: juris, libertatis, fortunarum suarum salus in istius damnatione consistit,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 16:

neque enim salus ulla rei publicae major reperiri potest, quam, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 1, 2, § 4; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

spem teneo, salutem amisi,

id. Merc. 3, 4, 6 sq.; id. Capt. 3, 3, 3; cf.:

cujus aures clausae veritati sunt, hujus salus desperanda est,

Cic. Lael. 24, 90:

nisi quae mihi in te'st, haud tibi est in me salus,

a means of safety, help, assistance, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 69:

fer amanti ero salutem,

id. As. 3, 3, 82; cf.:

cum opem indigentibus salutemque ferres,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 118; id. Mur. 13, 28: dicet fortasse Dignitatis halis:

saluti, si me amas, consule,

id. Att. 2, 19, 1:

is est nimirum Soter, qui salutem dedit,

has furnished safety, id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154:

dare salutem, liberare periculis, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id consuadeo,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 35; so,

saluti esse alicui,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; id. de Or. 2, 49, 200 al.;

for which: nosse omnia haec, salus est adulescentulis,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 18:

diffisus suae omniumque saluti,

Caes. B. G. 6, 38:

nec in fugā salus ulla ostendebatur,

Liv. 30, 8:

una est salus,

id. 7, 35:

una salus victis nullam sperare salutem,

Verg. A. 2, 354; cf. id. ib. 5, 174; 6, 96; Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 4; 5, 7, 3; id. P. 3, 7, 23; 4, 14, 5; id. M. 3, 648; Luc. 2, 221. —Freq. in Plaut. as a term of endearment, my life, my love:

quid agis, mea salus?

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 3:

o salute meā salus salubrior,

id. Cist. 3, 13; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 38; id. Poen. 1, 2, 153; 1, 2, 176; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17. —

In partic., a wish for one ' s welfare (expressed by word of mouth or in writing), a greeting, salute, salutation: Ly. Charmidem Lysiteles salutat. Ca. Non ego sum salutis dignus? Ly. Immo salve Callicles, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 29:

venienti des salutem atque osculum,

id. Ep. 4, 2, 2:

quin tu primum salutem reddis quam dedi?

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 11: Sy. Responde, quod rogo. Ba. Eho, an non prius salutas? Sy. Nulla est mihi salus dataria, id. Ps. 4, 2, 13: Pe. Salva sis. Ph. Salutem accipio mihi et meis, id. Ep. 4, 1, 21:

advenientem peregre herum suum Salva impertit salute servus Epidicus,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 24; cf. Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 39; for which: impertit salutem plurimam et plenissimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472, 16:

Terentia impertit tibi multam salutem,

Cic. Att. 2, 12, 3:

salutem dicere alicui,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 29:

multam, plurimam salutem dicere alicui,

id. Curc. 3, 51; 3, 61:

Cicero tibi salutem plurimam dicit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 7, 3:

tu Atticae salutem dices,

id. Att. 14, 19, 6;

and so at the beginning of a letter: salutem dicit Toxilo Timarchides Et familiae omni. Si valetis gaudeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 32;

usually abbreviated S. D. (salutem dicit), S. D. M. (salutem dicit multam), S. D. P. (salutem dicit plurimam), v. the superscriptions of Cicero's letters. Freq., also, elliptically, without dicit: Anacharsis Hannoni salutem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90 (abbreviated, e. g. Cicero Attico S., v. the letters of Cicero and Pliny):

Dionysio plurimam salutem,

id. Att. 4, 18, 3:

Atticae plurimam salutem,

id. ib. 14, 20, 5:

salutem reddere,

to return a greeting, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 11; Liv. 9, 6, 12; Tac. A. 4, 60: salutem mittere per aliquem, to send a greeting:

mihi dulcis salus visa est per te missa ab illā,

Cic. Att. 16, 3, 6; Ov. H. 4, 1; 16, 1.—An unusual expression is, salutem dicere alicui, in the sense of to bid one farewell:

ego vero multam salutem et foro dicam et curiae, vivamque tecum multum, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 2:

salute acceptā redditāque,

Liv. 7, 5:

salute datā redditāque,

id. 3, 26:

salutem tibi ab sodali nuntio,

I bring, deliver, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 10; so,

nuntiare salutem alicui,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 38; id. Men. prol. 1; cf.:

salutem verbis tuis mihi nuntiarat,

Cic. Fam. 7, 14, 1:

salutem tibi plurimam ascribit et Tulliola, deliciae nostrae,

adds, joins in, id. Att. 1, 5, 9; 5, 20, 9.—In a humorous equivoque: As. Salve. St. Satis mihi est tuae salutis, nihil moror, sat salveo;

Aegrotare malim, quam esse tuā salute sanior,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 4 sq.; id. Ps. 1, 1, 41 sq.—

Salvation, deliverance from sin and its penalties (eccl. Lat.):

verbum salutis,

Vulg. Act. 13, 26; id. Rom. 10, 1; 13, 11.—

Salus, personified, a Roman divinity, whose temple stood on one of the summits of the Quirinalis (v. Salutaris):

ego tibi nunc sum summus Juppiter, Idem ego sum Salus, Fortuna, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 84; id. As. 3, 3, 123; 3, 3, 137; id. Cist. 4, 2, 76; id. Merc. 5, 2, 26; Varr. L. L. 5, §§ 51 and 74 Müll.; Liv. 9, 43 fin.; 10, 1 fin.; 40, 37; Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

augurium Salutis (instituted for the welfare of the State),

Cic. Div. 1, 47, 105; id. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Suet. Aug. 31; Tac. A. 12, 23.—In a lusus verbb., alluding to the literal meaning of the name:

nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse, si cupiat, potest,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 4:

at vos Salus servassit,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 76:

neque jam Salus servare, si volt, me potest,

id. Capt. 3, 3, 14; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 43; cf.:

Salus ipsa virorum fortium innocentiam tueri non potest,

Cic. Font. 6, 11, § 21.