moderere

formilde

lindre

verb \/ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt\/

1) mildne, lindre, døyve, dempe, stille, dulme

• mitigate pain

2) ( om forbrytelse eller feilgrep) formilde, forminske, avdempe, moderere

mitigating circumstances ( jus) formildende omstendigheter

1) (keeping within reasonable limits; not extreme: The prices were moderate; moderate opinions.) moderat, rimelig

2) (medium or average; not particularly good: workmanship of moderate quality.) brukbar, noenlunde

- moderately

mildne

moderat

subst. \/ˈmɒd(ə)rət\/

moderat person, moderat (spesielt politiker)

the Moderats ( politikk) de moderate

verb \/ˈmɒdəreɪt\/

1) moderere, dempe, legge bånd på, gjøre mildere, mildne

• have a moderating influence on somebody

2) beherske, betvinge, styre

3) lede, være leder, være ordstyrer

• moderate a meeting

4) dempes, legge seg, løye, stilne, avta

• the wind is moderating

5) megle, opptre som megler

adj. \/ˈmɒd(ə)rət\/

1) moderat, måteholden, behersket, rimelig, lempelig, måtelig

2) middelmådig, ganske god, noenlunde, brukbar

• moderate success

3) ( størrelse) ikke særlig stor, temmelig liten

moderate breeze frisk bris

moderate gale stiv kuling

moderate oven middels varm ovn

- modification

endre

verb \/ˈmɒdɪfaɪ\/

1) begrense, dempe, formilde, lempe, mildne, moderere, modifisere, slå av på, tone ned

• modify one's demands

• you'd better modify that tone

2) ( grammatikk) bestemme nærmere, stå til, forandre ved omlyd

• modify a vowel

3) endre, forandre, modifisere, omdanne, omforme

be modified få omlyd

- remission

remittere

subst. \/rɪˈmɪt\/, \/ˈriːmɪt\/

1) ansvarsområde, mandat

• the committee has exceeded its remit

2) ( jus) sak oversendt til vurdering

verb \/rɪˈmɪt\/

1) ( handel) remittere, (over)sende, betale

• please remit the balance immediately

2) ettergi

• this bank remits no debt

3) ( spesielt om Gud) tilgi, forlate

• God can remit sins

4) moderere(s), formilde(s), lindre

• painkillers remit pain

5) henvise, utsette

6) ( jus) vise tilbake, sende tilbake

7) ( medisin) remittere

• the cancer is remitting

1) (one of the main divisions of the year according to the regular variation of the weather, length of day etc: The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn and winter; The monsoon brings the rainy season.) årstid

2) (the usual, proper or suitable time for something: the football season.) (-)sesong, -tid

1) (to add salt, pepper, mustard etc to: She seasoned the meat with plenty of pepper.) krydre, smake til

2) (to let (wood) be affected by rain, sun etc until it is ready for use.) herde, lagre

•

- seasonable

krydre

modne

sesong

årstid

subst. \/ˈsiːzn\/

1) årstid

• the four seasons

2) tid, sesong, periode (for visse aktiviteter e.l.)

• this week is the start of the football season

• this is the season for it

• do it when the season is at its highest

3) ( (kirkelig) høytid) helg, tid

• it is the Christmas season

4) ( sport) sesong

5) ( zoologi) løpetid

at the peak of the season eller at the height of the season under høysesongen, midt i sesongen

at this season (of the year) på denne årstiden

be in season ( om hunndyr) være brunstig, ha løpetid, løpe

close season ( jakt og fiske) fredningstid, periode med jakt- og fiskeforbud

dry season ( i tropene) tørketid, den tørre årstiden

high season høysesong

in and out of season eller in season and out of season uansett om det er sesong eller ikke, til alle årstider i tide og utide, stadig vekk, sent og tidlig, til alle tider, hele tiden

in due season eller in good season i rett tid, til rett tid, til sin tid

in season i rett tid når det er sesong

• I only eat oysters in season

• oysters are in season

( jakt eller fiske) lovlig, tillatt

• hares are in season

in the full of the season se ➢ full, 1

low season lavsesong

mating season paringstid

the off season mellomsesong, tiden mellom sesongene

open season ( jakt og fiske) jakttid, jaktsesong, periode med jakt og fiske

out of season i utide, upassende utenom sesongen

• plums are hard to get out of season

• oysters are out of season

( jakt eller fiske) fredet

• hares are out of season in May

rainy season regntid

Season's greetings jule- og nyttårshilsener (enkelte steder også påskehilsener)

verb \/ˈsiːzn\/

1) ( også overført) krydre, smaksette, salte og pepre

• Asians eat seasoned food

• he seasoned the conversation with wit

2) lagre, modne, la modnes, lagres

• Stilton is a seasoned cheese

• he smoked seasoned cigars

• he liked his seasoned pipe

3) venne, akklimatisere, bli vant, akklimatisere seg

• season the soldiers to the climate

4) ( litterært) mildne, moderere, dempe

5) ( om trevirke) tørke, bli tørt

• seasoned timber makes good building material

be a seasoned traveller være reisevant

highly seasoned sterkt krydret, sterk, pikant

seasoned vant, garvet, herdet, værbitt

• seasoned soldiers

season to taste smake til

умерять fpasse, afstemme, moderere.

moderor, ātus sum, ārī (modus), ein Maßsetzen, -bestimmen, mäßigen, I) im allg., jmdm. Schranken setzen, ihn in Schranken-, im Zaume halten, zügeln, jmds. Herr werden, ihn beherrschen, bändigen, A) eig.: α) m. Dat.: moderari leonibus vinclisque tenere, Lucr. – β) m. Acc.: equum frenis, Lucr.: in praecipiti ac declivi loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi moderari ac flectere, Caes. – B) übtr.: a) übh.: α) m. Dat.: uxoribus, Cic.: alci diligentius, Cic.: übtr., v. lebl. Subjj., non vinum hominibus moderatur, sed vino homines, Plaut.: oratio soluta...ut sine vinculis sibi ipsa moderetur, Cic. – m. lebl. Objj., quis illi gladio finem statuet aut quis moderabitur (ihm Mäßigung gebieten), Sall.: religioni (seine gewissenhafte Strenge), Cic.: fortunae suae, Liv.: voci, linguae, dictis, Plaut.: animo et orationi, cum sis iratus, Cic.: irae, odio, Liv. – β) m. Acc.: animos in rebus secundis, Cic.: linguam, Sall.: v. lebl. Subjj., illae (leges) cupiditates nostras libidinesqne moderantur, beschränken, Plin. pan. – γ) absol.: prudens moderandi, der es verstand, Schranken zu setzen, Tac.: mox libellos et auctores recitat Caesar ita moderans (so sich im Tone mäßigend, in so abgemessenem Tone), ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur, Tac. – b) insbes., ermäßigen, beschränken = mindern, α) m. Dat.: cursui, langsamer segeln, Tac. – β)

————

m. Acc.: pretia spadonum, Suet.: difficultatem annonae ac rei frumentariae inopiam, Vell.: duritiam lenitatemve legum, bald die Härte mildern, bald die Milde schärfen, Suet. – II) prägn., etw. leiten, lenken, richten, handhaben, A) eig.: α) m. Dat.: funiculo (mit einem Seile) navi moderari, Cic. de inv. 2, 154. – β) m. Acc.: manu capulum aratri, Ov.: habenas, Ov.: arma prensasque habenas, Stat.: arundine linum, Ov.: campestrem decursionem scuto, Suet. – poet., m. fidem, das Saitenspiel melodisch rühren, die Saiten melodisch schlagen, Hor. carm. 1, 24, 14. – B) übtr., jmd. oder etw. leiten, lenken, richten, über jmd. od. etw. walten, herrschen, Bestimmungen treffen, etw. od. über etw. bestimmen, etw. bedingen, auf etw. einen bedingenden Einfluß haben, etw. entscheiden, etw. regeln, einrichten, α) m. Dat.: ego inscitus, qui domini animo postulem moderarier: dicto me emit audientem, haud imperatorem (Gebieter) sibi, Plaut.: m. formandis provinciae moribus, überwachen, Plin. ep.: v. lebl. Subjj., tempus, dies, fortuna, cuius libido moderatur gentibus, Sall.: quibus totis moderatur oratio, was alles der Rede untergeordnet ist, Cic. – β) m. Acc.: frena imperii, Ov.: frena theatri, Iuven.: senatus, cui populus moderandi ac regendi sui potestatem quasi quasdam habenas tradidisset, Cic.: deus, qui regit et moderatur et movet id corpus, Cic.: actor moderatur ac fingit non modo mentem

————

ac voluntates, sed paene vultus eorum, apud quos agit, Cic. – religionem, Bestimmungen über Religion treffen, Cic.: moderando rem, ins reine bringen, bestimmen (im Ggstz. zur früheren Unbestimmtheit), Hirt. b. G.: tempus dicendi prudentiā et gravitate m., Cic.: ut omnia gubernes et moderere prudentiā tuā, Cic. – v. lebl. Subjj., ut eas (res rusticas) non ratio, neque labor, sed venti tempestatesque moderentur, deren Erfolg bestimmen, Cic. – m. ex u. Abl. od. m. bl. Abl. des Maßes, etw. nach etw. richten, einrichten, sich bei etw. von etw. leiten lassen, sententiam, tamquam aliquod navigium atque cursum, ex rei publicae tempestate, Cic.: sententiam suam non semper utilitate, sed cum spe tum timore, Cic.: suo, non multitudinis arbitrio cantus numerosque, Cic.: non voluptate, sed officio consilia, Cic. – γ) absol.: in utroque magis studia partium quam bona aut mala sua moderata (sunt), bei der Beurteilung beider leiteten (waren maßgebend) mehr usw., Sall. Iug. 73, 4. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. moderarier, Plaut. Men. 443. Lucr. 5, 1296 u. 1310.

* * *

vb. moderere

vb. moderere

blandus, a, um, adj. [for mlandus; akin to meilichos, mollis, mulier; Goth. milds; Engl. mild], of a smooth tongue, flattering, fawning, caressing (class and very freq.).

Lit.:

blanda es parum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 21:

nemini credo qui large blandu'st dives pauperi,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 19:

ut unus omnium homo te vivat numquam quisquam blandior,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 21:

scis me minime esse blandum,

Cic. Att. 12, 5, 4:

unum te puto minus blandum esse quam me,

id. ib. 12, 3, 1:

blandum amicum a vero secernere,

id. Lael. 25, 95:

(Alcibiades) affabilis, blandus, temporibus callidissime inserviens,

Nep. Alcib. 1, 3:

an blandiores (mulieres) in publico quam in privato et alienis quam vestris estis?

Liv. 34, 2, 10:

tum neque subjectus solito nec blandior esto,

Ov. A. A. 2, 411:

canes,

Verg. G. 3, 496:

catulorum blanda propago,

Lucr. 4, 999; Nemes. Cyneg. 215; 230:

columba,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 56:

tigres,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 604; Quint. 9, 4, 133; 11, 1, 30; 11, 3, 72 al.—

Poet. constr.

With gen.:

precum,

Stat. Achill. 2, 237.—

With acc.:

genas vocemque,

Stat. Th. 9, 155.—

With inf.:

blandum et auritas fidibus canoris Ducere quercus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 11; Stat. Th. 5, 456. —

With abl.:

chorus implorat..doctā prece blandus ( = blande supplicans dis carmine quod poëta eum docuit. Orell. ad loc.),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135.—

Trop. (mostly of things).

Flattering, pleasant, agreeable, enticing, alluring, charming, seductive (cf. blandior, II. B.; blanditia, II.): blandā voce vocare, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 51 Vahl.):

ne blandā aut supplici oratione fallamur,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26; Lucr. 6, 1245:

voces,

Verg. A. 1, 670; Cat. 64, 139:

preces,

Tib. 3, 6, 46; Hor. C. 4, 1, 8; id. A. P. 395; Ov. M. 10, 642:

querelae,

Tib. 3, 4, 75:

laudes,

Verg. G. 3, 185:

verba,

Ov. M. 2, 575; 6, 360:

dicta,

id. ib. 3, 375;

9, 156: os,

id. ib. 13, 555: pectus, Afran. ap. Non. p. 515.—So, voluptas, Lucr. 2, 966; 4, 1081; 4, 1259; 5, 179; Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 6:

amor,

Lucr. 1, 20; Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 49:

Veneris blandis sub armis,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 137:

amaracini liquor,

Lucr. 2, 847:

tura,

Tib. 3, 3, 2:

manus,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 18; cf. Ov. M. 2, 691:

aquae,

id. ib. 4, 344:

caudae,

id. ib. 14, 258 al.:

otium consuetudine in dies blandius,

Liv. 23, 18, 12:

blandiores suci,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 4; Suet. Tib. 27:

blandissima litora, Baiae,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 96; Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 32:

actio,

Quint. 7, 4, 27: ministerium, Cod. Th. 10, 10, 12, § 1.— With dat.:

et blandae superūm mortalibus irae,

Stat. Th. 10, 836:

neque admittunt orationes sermonesve... jucunda dictu aut legentibus blanda,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 12.—

Of persons:

filiolus,

Quint. 6, prooem. § 8; cf.: nam et voluptates, blandissimae dominae ( the most alluring mistresses), majores partes animi a virtute detorquent, Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37.—

Persuading by caressing, persuasive:

nunc experiemur, nostrum uter sit blandior,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 56. —Hence, adv., in three forms, soothingly, flatteringly, courteously, etc.

Anteclass. form blandĭter, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 69; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3; Titin. ap. Non. p. 210, 6 (also id. ib. p. 256, 15), and ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form blandē, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 9:

compellare hominem,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 72:

me adpellare,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 61:

adloqui,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 22:

dicere,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

blande, leniter, dulciter dicere,

Quint. 12, 10, 71;

and blande ac benedice,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 54:

rogare,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 49:

excepti hospitio ab Tullo blande ac benigne,

Liv. 1, 22, 5:

quaerere,

Suet. Calig. 32:

linguā lambere,

Lucr. 5, 1066:

et satiati agni ludunt blandeque coruscant,

id. 2, 320:

colere fructus,

to treat carefully, gently, id. 5, 1368 (cf. blandimentum, II. B.):

flectere cardinem sonantem,

softly, carefully, Quint. Decl. 1, 13 al. — Comp.:

blandius petere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112: ad aurem invocabat, Cael. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 124:

moderere fidem,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 13 al. — Sup.:

blandissime appellat hominem,

Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—

blandum = blande:

ridere,

Petr. 127, 1.

blandus, a, um, adj. [for mlandus; akin to meilichos, mollis, mulier; Goth. milds; Engl. mild], of a smooth tongue, flattering, fawning, caressing (class and very freq.).

Lit.:

blanda es parum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 21:

nemini credo qui large blandu'st dives pauperi,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 19:

ut unus omnium homo te vivat numquam quisquam blandior,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 21:

scis me minime esse blandum,

Cic. Att. 12, 5, 4:

unum te puto minus blandum esse quam me,

id. ib. 12, 3, 1:

blandum amicum a vero secernere,

id. Lael. 25, 95:

(Alcibiades) affabilis, blandus, temporibus callidissime inserviens,

Nep. Alcib. 1, 3:

an blandiores (mulieres) in publico quam in privato et alienis quam vestris estis?

Liv. 34, 2, 10:

tum neque subjectus solito nec blandior esto,

Ov. A. A. 2, 411:

canes,

Verg. G. 3, 496:

catulorum blanda propago,

Lucr. 4, 999; Nemes. Cyneg. 215; 230:

columba,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 56:

tigres,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 604; Quint. 9, 4, 133; 11, 1, 30; 11, 3, 72 al.—

Poet. constr.

With gen.:

precum,

Stat. Achill. 2, 237.—

With acc.:

genas vocemque,

Stat. Th. 9, 155.—

With inf.:

blandum et auritas fidibus canoris Ducere quercus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 11; Stat. Th. 5, 456. —

With abl.:

chorus implorat..doctā prece blandus ( = blande supplicans dis carmine quod poëta eum docuit. Orell. ad loc.),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135.—

Trop. (mostly of things).

Flattering, pleasant, agreeable, enticing, alluring, charming, seductive (cf. blandior, II. B.; blanditia, II.): blandā voce vocare, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 51 Vahl.):

ne blandā aut supplici oratione fallamur,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26; Lucr. 6, 1245:

voces,

Verg. A. 1, 670; Cat. 64, 139:

preces,

Tib. 3, 6, 46; Hor. C. 4, 1, 8; id. A. P. 395; Ov. M. 10, 642:

querelae,

Tib. 3, 4, 75:

laudes,

Verg. G. 3, 185:

verba,

Ov. M. 2, 575; 6, 360:

dicta,

id. ib. 3, 375;

9, 156: os,

id. ib. 13, 555: pectus, Afran. ap. Non. p. 515.—So, voluptas, Lucr. 2, 966; 4, 1081; 4, 1259; 5, 179; Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 6:

amor,

Lucr. 1, 20; Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 49:

Veneris blandis sub armis,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 137:

amaracini liquor,

Lucr. 2, 847:

tura,

Tib. 3, 3, 2:

manus,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 18; cf. Ov. M. 2, 691:

aquae,

id. ib. 4, 344:

caudae,

id. ib. 14, 258 al.:

otium consuetudine in dies blandius,

Liv. 23, 18, 12:

blandiores suci,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 4; Suet. Tib. 27:

blandissima litora, Baiae,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 96; Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 32:

actio,

Quint. 7, 4, 27: ministerium, Cod. Th. 10, 10, 12, § 1.— With dat.:

et blandae superūm mortalibus irae,

Stat. Th. 10, 836:

neque admittunt orationes sermonesve... jucunda dictu aut legentibus blanda,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 12.—

Of persons:

filiolus,

Quint. 6, prooem. § 8; cf.: nam et voluptates, blandissimae dominae ( the most alluring mistresses), majores partes animi a virtute detorquent, Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37.—

Persuading by caressing, persuasive:

nunc experiemur, nostrum uter sit blandior,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 56. —Hence, adv., in three forms, soothingly, flatteringly, courteously, etc.

Anteclass. form blandĭter, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 69; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3; Titin. ap. Non. p. 210, 6 (also id. ib. p. 256, 15), and ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form blandē, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 9:

compellare hominem,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 72:

me adpellare,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 61:

adloqui,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 22:

dicere,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 24; cf.:

blande, leniter, dulciter dicere,

Quint. 12, 10, 71;

and blande ac benedice,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 54:

rogare,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 49:

excepti hospitio ab Tullo blande ac benigne,

Liv. 1, 22, 5:

quaerere,

Suet. Calig. 32:

linguā lambere,

Lucr. 5, 1066:

et satiati agni ludunt blandeque coruscant,

id. 2, 320:

colere fructus,

to treat carefully, gently, id. 5, 1368 (cf. blandimentum, II. B.):

flectere cardinem sonantem,

softly, carefully, Quint. Decl. 1, 13 al. — Comp.:

blandius petere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112: ad aurem invocabat, Cael. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 124:

moderere fidem,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 13 al. — Sup.:

blandissime appellat hominem,

Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—

blandum = blande:

ridere,

Petr. 127, 1.

consĭlĭum, ii, n. [from con and root sal-; Sanscr. sar-; cf. consul], deliberation, consultation, a considering together, counsel (cf. concilium; very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Prop.:

consulta sunt consilia,

are finished, at an end, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 7:

quid in consilio consuluistis?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 6 Ritschl:

consilium volo capere unā tecum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66:

neque pol consili locum habeo neque ad auxilium copiam,

id. And. 2, 1, 20:

cum aliquo consilia conferre,

Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 38 (v. confero, I. B.):

saepe in senatu consilia versata sunt,

Quint. 12, 2, 21; 7, 4, 2:

quasi vero consilii sit res, et non necesse sit, etc.,

as if the matter were yet open for deliberation, Caes. B. G. 7, 38; cf. Nep. Con. 4, 2:

quid efficere possis, tui consilii est,

is for you to consider, Cic. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

vestrum jam consilium est. non solum meum, quid sit vobis faciendum,

id. ib. 14, 14, 1: quid aetati credendum sit, quid nomini, magni consilii est, id. Att. 15, 12, 2; cf.:

nihil mihi adhuc accidit, quod majoris consilii esset,

id. ib. 10, 1, 3:

in consilio habere,

Quint. 8, 2, 23:

fit publici consilii particeps,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 3, 1; 3, 8, 4:

nocturna,

Sall. C. 42, 2:

arcanis ut interesset,

Liv. 35, 18, 2 et saep.—

Meton.

In abstr.

A conclusion made with consideration, a determination, resolution, measure, plan, purpose, intention, Quint. 6, 5, 3; cf.:

consilium est aliquid faciendi aut non faciendi excogitata ratio,

Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36; 2, 9, 31:

certum,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

callidum,

id. ib. 3, 4, 10:

ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

aliquid communi consilio agere,

id. ib.:

consilium communicaverunt perfeceruntque,

Suet. Calig. 56:

aedificandi consilium abicere,

Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6; Liv. 33, 41, 5; Tac. A. 4, 4:

deponere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 103.—And of the purpose. as opp. to the act, etc.:

quod initio scripsi, totius facti tui judicium non tam ex consilio tuo quam ex eventu homines esse facturos,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

quasi exitus rerum, non hominum consilia, legibus vindicentur,

id. Mil. 7, 19:

mentem peccare, non corpus, et unde consilium afuerit culpam abesse,

Liv. 1, 58, 9. —Often with epithets characterizing the person who forms the purpose, etc.:

amentissimum,

Cic. Att. 7, 10 init.:

audax,

Liv. 25, 38, 18; 35, 32, 13:

fortissima cousilia,

id. 25, 38, 18:

fidele,

Cic. Agr. 2, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 4, 8:

providens,

Gell. 3, 7, 8:

malum,

id. 4, 5, 5:

temerarium,

Vell. 2, 120, 2:

incautum,

Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3:

lene,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 41:

praeceps,

Suet. Aug. 8:

repudio quod consilium primum intenderam,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 18:

eo consilio, uti frumento Caesarem intercluderet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 9; Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72 fin.; Sall. C. 57, 1:

quo consilio huc imus?

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1;

also: hoc consilio ut,

Nep. Milt. 5, 3: privato consilio, on one's own account (opp. publico consilio, in the name or behalf of the state):

qui contra consulem privato consilio exercitus comparaverunt,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; Caes. B. C. 3, 14; Nep. Pelop. 1, 2.—Sometimes absol. consilio adverbially, intentionally, designedly:

casu potius quam consilio,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

consul, seu forte, seu consilio, Venusiam perfugit,

Liv. 22, 49, 14; 35, 14, 4; Verg. A. 7, 216.—

Esp. in the phrases,

Consilium capere, to form a purpose or plan, to resolve, decide, determine:

neque, quid nunc consili capiam, scio, De virgine istac,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 27: consilium capere with a gen. gerund., Caes. B. G. 3, 2; 5, 29; Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6; Liv. 39, 51, 3; 43, 3, 7; 35, 34, 4; 10, 38, 6; Sall. C. 16, 4; Curt. 8, 6, 8; 8, 7, 1; Tac. A. 6, 26; Suet. Vesp. 6; Quint. 11, 3, 180; Just. 2, 13, 5; 34, 4, 1; cf. with gen.:

profectionis et reversionis meae,

Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 1.—With inf., Cic. Quint. 16, 53 fin.; Caes. B. G. 7, 71; Nep. Lys. 3, 1; Liv. 44, 11, 6 al.—With ut:

capio consilium, ut senatum congerronum convocem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 8:

consilium ceperunt plenum sceleris, ut nomen hujus deferrent,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

consilium cepi, ut antequam luceret exirem,

id. Att. 7. 10; id. Tull. 14, 34; Liv. 25, 34, 7.—And with inf.:

consilium cepit... iter in urbem patefacere,

Liv. 44, 11, 7:

hominis fortunas evertere,

Cic. Quint. 16, 53:

Heraclius capit consilium... non adesse ad judicium,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 41:

ex oppido profugere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 26; 7, 71; Just. 35, 1, 3.—

In the same sense, inire consilium, with similar construction:

inita sunt consilia urbis delendae,

Cic. Mur. 37, 80; 38, 81:

regni occupandi consilium inire,

Liv. 2, 8, 2; 6, 17, 7; 7, 38, 5:

jus gentium cujus violandi causā consilium initum erat,

id. 38, 25, 8; 4, 11, 4:

sceleris conandi consilia inierat,

Vell. 2, 35, 5; 2, 80, 6:

Graeci consilium ineunt interrumpendi pontis,

Just. 2, 13, 5; Suet. Calig. 48:

iniit consilia reges Lacedaemoniorum tollere,

Nep. Lys. 3, 1:

consilia inibat, quemadmodum, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

de bello consilia inire incipiunt,

id. ib. 7, 1:

cum de recuperandā libertate consilium initum videretur,

id. ib. 5, 27:

consilia inita de regno,

Liv. 4, 15, 4:

atrox consilium init, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 41.—

Freq. consilium est, with and without inf., I purpose:

ita facere,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 73; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1; Sall. C. 4, 1; 53, 6; Liv. 21, 63, 2; Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 61, 16 Dietsch. —Rarely with ut:

ut filius Cum illà habitet... hoc nostrum consilium fuit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 41:

ea uti acceptā mercede deseram, non est consilium,

Sall. J. 85, 8; and absol.:

quid sui consilii sit, ostendit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21.—Hence,

In partic., in milit. lang., a warlike measure, device, stratagem: consilium imperatorium quod Graeci stratêgêma appellant, Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15; so Caes. B. G. 7, 22; Nep. Dat. 6, 8; id. Iphicr. 1, 2; cf.:

opportunus consiliis locus (= insidiis),

Quint. 5, 10, 37.—

With special reference to the person for whose advantage a measure is devised, counsel, advice:

tu quidem antehac aliis solebas dare consilia mutua,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 98; so,

dare,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

quid das consili?

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 93:

Cethegum minus ei fidele consilium dedisse,

Cic. Clu. 31, 85:

vos lene consilium datis,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 41; 3, 5, 45 et saep.:

juvabo aut re aut operā aut consilio bono,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 17;

imitated by Ter.: aut consolando aut consilio aut re juvero,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 34 (quoted ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 10, 4); cf. Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 29; Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2; 15, 2, 2; id. Att. 13, 31, 3:

te hortor ut omnia moderere prudentiā tuā, ne te auferant aliorum consilia,

id. Fam. 2, 7, 1:

sin aliquid impertivit tibi sui consilii,

id. ib. 5, 2, 9:

consiliis, non curribus utere nostris,

Ov. M. 2, 146:

facile ratio tam salubris consilii accepta est,

Curt. 3, 7, 10:

saniora consilia pati,

id. 4, 1, 9.—

As a mental quality, understanding, judgment, wisdom, sense, penetration, prudence:

et dominari in corpore toto Consilium quod nos animum mentemque vocamus,

Lucr. 3, 139; 3, 450:

acta illa res est animo virili, consilio puerili,

Cic. Att. 14, 21, 3; cf. id. Caecin. 7, 18:

ut popularis cupiditas a consilio principum dissideret,

id. Sest. 49, 103:

majore studio quam consilio ad bellum proficisci,

Sall. H. 2, 96, 4 Dietsch:

res forte quam consilio melius gestae,

id. J. 92, 6:

quae quanto consilio gerantur, nullo consilio adsequi possumus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97:

simul consilium cum re amisisti?

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10; cf.:

miseros prudentia prima relinquit, Et sensus cum re consiliumque fugit,

Ov. P. 4, 12, 48:

mulieres omnes propter infirmitatem consilii majores in tutorum potestate esse voluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

vir et consilii magni et virtutis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

cum plus in illo senili animo non consilii modo sed etiam virtutis esse dicerent,

Liv. 4, 13, 13; so,

tam iners, tam nulli consili Sum,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 2:

est hoc principium improbi animi, miseri ingenii, nulli consilii,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48:

omnes gravioris aetatis, in quibus aliquid consilii aut dignitatis fuit,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. Ov. M. 6, 40:

misce stultitiam consiliis brevem,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 27:

quae res in se neque consilium neque modum Habet ullum, eam consilio regere non potes,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 13. —

Poet., transf., of inanim. things:

consilii inopes ignes,

indiscreet, Ov. M. 9, 746:

vis consili expers,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 65; id. S. 2, 3, 266.—

In concr., the persons who deliberate, a council; of the Roman senate:

senatum, id est orbis terrae consilium, delere gestit,

Cic. Phil. 4, 6, 14; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; id. de Or. 2, 82, 333; id. Sest. 65, 137:

summum consilium orbis terrae,

id. Phil. 7, 7, 19; Liv. 1, 8, 7; 23, 22, 2; Vell. 1, 8, 6:

di prohibeant, ut hoc, quod majores consilium publicum vocari voluerunt, praesidium sectorum existimetur,

i. e. a court of justice, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151; cf.:

qui ex civitate in senatum propter dignitatem, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis propter severitatem,

id. ib. 3, 8.—Of the division of the centumviri, who sat for ordinary cases in four consilia:

sedebant centum et octoginta judices, tot enim quattuor consiliis colliguntur,

Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 2:

omnibus non solum consiliis sed etiam sententiis superior discessit,

Val. Max. 7, 7, 1:

Galba consilio celeriter convocato sententias exquirere coepit,

a council of war, Caes. B. G. 3, 3; cf.:

consilio advocato,

Liv. 25, 31, 3; 43, 22, 9 al.:

castrense,

id. 44, 35, 4:

mittunt (Carthaginienses) triginta seniorum principes: id erat sanctius apud illos consilium,

id. 30, 16, 3; cf. id. 35, 34, 2:

consilium Jovis,

Hor. C. 3, 25, 6:

bonorum atque sapientium,

Quint. 3, 8, 2 al. —

Facetiously:

paulisper tace, Dum ego mihi consilia in animum convoco, et dum consulo,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 44.—

(Acc. to II. A. [p. 433] 1. c.) A counsellor:

ille ferox hortator pugnae consiliumque fuit,

Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 32:

Clymene, Aethraque, Quae mihi sunt comites consiliumque duae,

id. H. 16 (17), 268; id. F. 3, 276.

fĭdes, ĕi ( gen. sing. scanned fĭdēï, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1; Lucr. 5, 102.— Ante-class. and poet. form of the gen. fide, like die, facie, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 1; id. Poen. 4, 2, 68; Ov. M. 3, 341; 6, 506; 7, 728; 737; Hor. C. 3, 7, 4; cf. Prisc. p. 781 P.; Charis. p. 53 ib.; Ritschl, Proleg. p. 90.— Dat. fide, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 105; Enn. ap. Non. 112, 1, or Ann. v. 111 ed. Vahl.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 95), f. [fido], trust in a person or thing, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief (syn.: fidelitas, fiducia, confidentia).

Lit.

In gen.:

si sciat noster senex, fidem non esse huic habitam,

that he has not been trusted, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 52; cf.:

fides ut habeatur, duabus rebus effici potest... iis fidem habemus, quos plus intelligere quam nos arbitramur... bonis viris ita fides habetur, ut nulla sit in iis fraudis injuriaeque suspicio... prudentia sine justitia nihil valeat ad faciendam fidem, etc.,

to give confidence, produce confidence, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; see in the foll.: neque pauci, neque leves sunt, qui se duo soles vidisse dicant;

ut non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda sit,

to give credence, id. Rep. 1, 10; cf.:

quod si insanorum visis fides non est habenda, quia falsa sunt, cur credatur somniantium visis, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

si ita posset defendere, tamen fides huic defensioni non haberetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 148:

me miseram! forsitan hic mihi parvam habeat fidem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117; cf.:

cum jam minor fabulis haberetur fides,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

(fidem) majorem tibi habui quam paene ipsi mihi,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 18, 1:

ex aliis ei maximam fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4:

cui maximam fidem suarum rerum habeat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; cf.:

cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:

fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere,

Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113:

testimonio fidem tribuere,

id. Sull. 3, 10; cf.:

Cratippus iisdem rebus fidem tribuit,

id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

et auctoritatem orationi affert et fidem,

id. Or. 34, 120:

si tota oratio nostra omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmat,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

constituere fidem,

id. Part. Or. 9, 31: fidem facit oratio, awakens or produces belief, id. Brut. 50, 187; cf.:

quoniam auribus vestris... minorem fidem faceret oratio mea,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37, 1;

so with dare (rare): res ipsa fidem sermoni meo dabit,

App. M. 4, p. 146, 25:

Hercules cui ea res immortalitatis fidem dedit,

assured of, Just. 24, 4, 4; Plin. Pan. 74, 3.—With object-clauses:

fac fidem, te nihil nisi populi utilitatem et fructum quaerere,

evince, show, Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 22: tibi fidem faciemus, nos ea suadere, quae, etc., will convince, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, A. fin.:

mihi fides apud hunc est, nihil me istius facturum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

cum vix fides esset, rem ullo modo successuram,

Suet. Vesp. 7:

male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 41:

quorum rebus gestis, fidem et auctoritatem in testimonio inimicitiarum suspicio derogavit,

Cic. Font. 7, 13; cf.:

alicui abrogare fidem juris jurandi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; and:

omnibus abrogatur fides,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

quae res fidem abrogat orationi,

Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17:

imminuit et oratoris auctoritatem et orationis fidem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 156:

multa fidem promissa levant,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10: fidem addere, to give credence (opp. fidem demere):

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

Tac. G. 3 fin. —

In partic., in mercant. lang., credit:

cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, neque creditae pecuniae solverentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 2; cf.:

scimus, Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

fides de foro sublata erat,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

labefacta jam fide,

credit being impaired, Suet. Vesp. 4:

pecunia suā aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua,

Sall. C. 24, 2:

non contentus agrariis legibus fidem moliri coepit,

Liv. 6, 11, 8; cf.:

fidem abrogare,

id. 6, 41, 11:

fidemque remque, perdere,

credit and means, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 36; cf.:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

nisi fide staret res publica, opibus non staturam,

Liv. 23, 48, 9 Drak.; freq.: res fidesque, for fame and fortune, property and credit, i. e. entire resources, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18; id. Truc. 1, 1, 24; 38; id. Most. 1, 2, 64; Sall. J. 73, 6 Cort.—

Beyond the mercant. sphere ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

segetis certa fides meae,

i. e. return, yield, Hor. C. 3, 16, 30:

at tibi... Persolvat nullā semina certa fide,

Tib. 2, 3, 62:

fallax fides unius anni,

Plin. Pan. 32, 4:

quia hanc ejus terrae fidem Menander eludit,

Quint. 12, 10, 25.

Transf., that which produces confidence or belief.

The quality that produces confidence in a person, trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty; in things, credibility, truth, etc.

In gen. (erroneously regarded by Cicero as the primary signif. of the word; wherefore he derived it from fio; v. the foll. passages):

fundamentum justitiae est fides, id est dictorum conventorumque constantia et veritas. Ex quo, audeamus imitari Stoicos, credamusque, quia fiat, quod dictum est, appellatam fidem,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23 Beier; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 17 (Rep. 4, 7, p. 428 ed. Mos.); id. Fam. 16, 10 fin.:

justitia creditis in rebus fides nominatur,

id. Part. Or. 22, 78:

meo periculo hujus ego experiar fidem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 99; cf.:

fides fidelitasque amicum erga,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 2:

homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88; cf.:

exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,

Cic. Rep. 3, 5:

esse summa probitate ac fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

vir aequissimus, singulari fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

quorum fides est laudata,

id. ib. 2, 36:

quibus facillime justitia et fides convalescit,

id. ib. 2, 14:

unde justitia, fides, aequitas?

id. ib. 1, 2:

cujus virtuti, fidei, felicitati (Gallia) commendata est,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

aequitas et fides,

id. Rep. 1, 35; cf.:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides,

id. ib. 3, 18 fin.:

quanta fide, quanta religione,

id. Font. 6, 13:

hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenu' fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ed. Vahl.): ubi societas? ubi fides majorum? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: nulla sancta societas, nec fides regni est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26 (Trag. v. 412 ed. Vahl.):

mea eraga te fides et benevolentia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1:

pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum Romanum fide,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 2:

in fide manere,

id. ib. 7, 4, 5; cf.:

sincera fide in pace Ligures esse,

Liv. 40, 34, 11:

si tibi optima fide sua omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

praestare fidem,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Top. 10, 42; id. Att. 16, 7, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

te oro per tuam fidem, ne, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55: Eu. Dic bona fide: tu id aurum non surripuisti? Ly. Bona. Eu. Neque scis, quis abstulerit? Ly. Istuc quoque bona, Plaut. Mil. 4, 10, 42:

de pace cum fide agere,

Liv. 32, 33, 10:

jussas cum fide poenas luam,

Hor. Epod. 17, 37:

haecne marita fides?

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11:

Aeacidae dederat pacis pignusque fidemque,

faithful bail, Ov. M. 12, 365:

perjura patris fides,

perjured faith, dishonesty, Hor. C. 3, 24, 59 et saep.—Prov.:

fides ut anima, unde abiit, eo numquam redit,

Pub. Syr. 181 (Rib.):

fidem qui perdit, quo se servet relicuo,

id. 166.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

nam cum Gabinii levitas... omnem tabularum fidem resignasset, etc.,

trustworthiness, credibility, Cic. Arch. 5, 9; cf.:

nunc vero quam habere auctoritatem et quam fidem possunt (litterae)?

id. Fl. 9, 21; and:

visa, quae fidem nullam habebunt,

id. Ac. 2, 18, 58 fin.; and:

qui non speciem expositionis sed fidem quaerit,

truth, Quint. 10, 1, 32:

aliter oraculorum, aliter haruspicum fides confirmari aut refelli potest,

id. 5, 7, 36:

probationum,

id. 4 praef. §

6: liber spectatae fidei,

Gell. 1, 7, 1:

paulum distare ab eo (lapide) in unguentorum fide multi existimant Lygdinos, etc.,

in faithful preservation, keeping in good condition, Plin. 36, 8, 13, § 62.—

In poets several times, faithful, true fulfilment of a promise:

dicta fides sequitur,

Ov. M. 3, 527 (cf.:

res dicta secuta est,

id. ib. 4, 550):

vota fides sequitur,

id. ib. 8, 713:

promissa exhibuere fidem,

were fulfilled, id. ib. 7, 323; cf.:

en haec promissa fides est?

is this the fulfilment of the oracle? Verg. A. 6, 346.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., bona fides, good faith, sincerity; hence, EX FIDE BONA or BONA FIDE, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, conscientiously:

arbitrum illum adegit, QVICQVID SIBI DARE FACERE OPORTERET EX FIDE BONA,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.: quanti verba illa: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, etc.... Q. quidem Scaevola, pontifex maximus, summam vim esse dicebat in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur EX FIDE BONA;

fideique bonae, nomen existimabat manare latissime, idque versari in tutelis societatibus, fiduciis mandatis, rebus emptis venditis, conductis locatis, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 17, 70; id. Att. 6, 1, 15: praetor ait: QVI [p. 747] BONA FIDE EMIT, etc., Dig. 6, 2, 7, § 11 sq.; cf.:

bonae fidei emptori subrepta re quam emerit,

Just. Inst. 4, 1, 15:

ubi lex inhibet usucapionem, bona fides possidenti nihil prodest,

Dig. 41, 3, 24:

tot judicia de fide mala, quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt, etc.,

i. e. deception, dishonesty, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:

bonā fide = certissime,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 30; id. Aul. 4, 10, 42; id. Capt. 4, 2, 110; cf.:

mala fide,

Dig. 41, 2, 1, § 6.—

An assurance that produces confidence, a promise, engagement, word, assurance, confirmation.

In gen.:

fide data, credamus,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 61: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.):

atque etiam, si quid singuli temporibus adducti hosti promiserunt, est in eo ipso fides conservanda: ut primo Punico bello Regulus... ad supplicium redire maluit, quam fidem hosti datam fallere,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

fidem dare, violare, in fide non stare,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

Pompei fides, quam de me Caesari dederat,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

inter se fidem et jusjurandum dare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:

obligare fidem alicui,

to plight one's faith, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; cf.:

fidem reliquis interponere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6 fin.:

fide mea spondeo, futurum ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:

diffidens, de numero dierum Caesarem fidem servaturum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36, 1:

si fidem mecum servas,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 48:

tecum servavi fidem,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 10; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33:

fides juris jurandi cum hoste servanda,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

fidem erga imperatorem conservare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 84, 3:

fidem erga populum Romanum servare,

Liv. 24, 4, 5:

servata erga Galbam,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

in regem suum servata,

Curt. 6, 5, 2:

ut fidem vobis praestaremus,

Liv. 28, 39, 2; so,

fidem alicui praestare,

Curt. 6, 4, 9; Liv. 30, 15, 5; Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

non servata fides deditis est,

Liv. 24, 1, 10; cf. Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; Sen. Ep. 71, 17:

fidem suam liberare,

to perform his promise, Cic. Fl. 20, 47; cf.:

fidem alicujus liberare,

id. Fam. 12, 7, 2: so,

fidem exsolvere,

Liv. 3, 19, 1; 22, 23, 8; 24, 16, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 6; Luc. 9, 98 al.:

fidem frangere,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16;

for which violare, v. above,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

fidem amittere,

Nep. Eum. 10:

istius fide ac potius perfidiā decepti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: quantum mea fides studii mihi afferat, my plighted word (to defend the king), id. Deiot. 1, 1:

contioni deinde edicto addidit fidem,

confirmed, Liv. 2, 24, 6.—

Pregn., a given promise of protection or security, a guaranty; hence, in gen., protection, guardian care:

introduxi Vulturcium sine Gallis: fidem ei publicam jussu senatus dedi,

promised him protection, security, in the name of the public, Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 8; cf.: Vulturcius interrogatus... primo fingere alia;

post, ubi fide publica dicere jussus est, omnia uti gesta erant aperit,

Sall. C. 47, 1:

cum se diceret indicaturum de conjuratione, si fides publica data esset,

id. ib. 48, 4:

uti L. Cassius ad Jugurtham mitteretur, eumque interposita fide publica Romam duceret,

id. J. 32, 1; cf.:

privatim praeterea fidem suam interponit, quam ille non minoris quam publicam ducebat,

id. ib. fin.:

qui Romam fide publica venerat,

id. ib. 35, 7; so,

too, simply fides: Lusitani contra interpositam fidem interfecti,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89:

fide accepta ab legatis, vim abfuturam,

Liv. 38, 33, 3:

Thais patri se commendavit in clientelam et fidem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 9; cf.:

se in Chrysogoni fidem et clientelam contulerunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 106:

quaere in cujus fide sint et clientela,

id. ib. 33, 93:

aliquid in fidem alicujus tradere,

Liv. 38, 31, 2:

frugi hominem, plenum religionis videtis positum in vestra fide ac potestate: atque ita, ut commissus sit fidei, permissus potestati,

Cic. Font. 14, 30; cf.:

se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2:

in alicujus fidem ac potestatem venire,

id. ib. 2, 13, 2:

in fide alicujus esse,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf. id. Fam. 13, 65, 2:

ea (jura) fidei suae commissa,

id. Off. 1, 34, 124:

civitas in Catonis fide locata,

id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

recipere aliquid in fidem,

id. ib. 15, 14, 3; cf.:

aliquem in fidem necessitudinemque suam recipere,

id. Fam. 13, 19, 2:

recipere aliquem in fidem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15, 1; 4, 22, 3:

hortatur, ut populi Romani fidem sequantur,

id. ib. 4, 21, 8: jura fidemque supplicis erubuit (Achilles), the protection due to a suppliant, Verg. A. 2, 541:

di, obsecro vostram fidem!

your protection, assistance, help, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 11; id. Am. 5, 1, 78; id. Most. 1, 1, 74; 2, 2, 97; cf.:

fidem vestram oro atque obsecro, judices,

Cic. Mur. 40, 86:

deum atque hominum fidem implorabis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25;

so in colloq. lang. frequently elliptic. as an exclamation: Di vostram fidem!

by the protection of the gods! for heaven's sake! Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 58, id. Men. 5, 2, 119; id. Poen. 4, 78 al.; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5; id. Eun. 3, 1, 28 al.; cf.:

tuam fidem, Venus!

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 40:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

id. ib. 5, 3, 16; id. Ep. 4, 2, 10; Ter. And. 1. 5, 2; 1, 5, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9 al.; Sall. C. 20, 10 al.;

for which: pro deorum atque hominum fidem!

Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

and in a different order: pro deorum fidem atque hominum,

id. Lael. 15, 52;

also simply pro deum fidem,

Liv. 3, 67, 7 Drak. N. cr.; and:

per fidem!

Petr. 100, 5; Tac. Or. 35; App. M. 6, p. 175.—

The faith, the Christian religion as a system of belief (eccl. Lat.):

domicilium fidei,

Lact. 4, 30 fin.; Vulg. Apoc. 14, 12 al.

Fides, personified as a goddess:

praeclare Ennius: O Fides alma, apta pinnis, et jus jurandum Jovis! Qui jus igitur jurandum violat, is Fidem violat,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Enn. Trag. v. 410 ed. Vahl.); cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 74 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; 2, 23, 61; 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 11, 28; Plaut. Cas. prol. 2; id. Aul. 3, 6, 46; 50; 4, 2, 14; Verg. A. 1, 292; Hor. C. 1, 35, 21; 4, 5, 20; id. C. S. 57.

fĭdes, ium, plur., or fides, is, sing., f. [= sphidê], a stringed instrument, lyre, lute, cithern.

Lit.

In gen.

In plur. (only so in classic prose): Fides genus citharae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 89, 16 Müll.:

(hominis) omnis vultus omnesque voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216;

so different from nervi,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; id. Leg. 2, 15, 39; id. Brut. 54, 199; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 (v. Madv. ad h. l., p. 601 sq.):

ut in fidibus aut tibiis, atque in cantu ipso ac vocibus concentus est quidam tenendus ex distinctis sonis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 42; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. id. de Or. 3, 51, 197: Fi. Fides non reddis? Pe. Neque fides neque tibias, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 77;

with tibiae,

Quint. 1, 10, 14; 20; 11, 3, 59:

Orpheus, Threïciā fretus citharā fidibusque canoris,

Verg. A. 6, 120:

fidibus cantare alicui,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 64:

fidibus canere praeclare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

uti,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 113:

dicere longum melos,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 4:

placare deos,

id. ib. 1, 36, 1:

discere,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

docere aliquem,

id. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

scire,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 53:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 12:

fidibusne Latinis Thebanos aptare modos studet,

i. e. to imitate Pindaric odes in Latin poetry, id. Ep. 1, 3, 12.—

Sing. ( poet.):

sume fidem et pharetram: fies manifestus Apollo,

Ov. H. 15, 23; so,

Teïa,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 18:

Cyllenea,

id. Epod. 13, 9:

quodsi blandius Orpheo moderere fidem,

id. C. 1, 24, 14.—

Prov.: vetus adagium est: Nihil cum fidibus graculo, i. e. ignoramuses have nothing to do with poetry, Gell. N. A. praef. § 19.—

Esp., Fides, is, f., a constellation, i. q. Lyra, the Lyre:

cedit clara Fides Cyllenia,

Cic. Arat. 381; Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12;

in the form Fidis,

Col. 11, 2, 14; 40; Sid. Carm. 16, 5.—

Transf., in sing., i. q. nervus, chorda, a string of a musical instrument:

quae tuba quaeve lyra Flatibus incluta vel fidibus,

Prud. Cath. 3, 81.

gŭberno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., = kubernô, to steer or pilot a ship (class.).

Lit.: dum clavum rectum teneant navemque gubernent, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 2 (Ann. v. 472 Vahl.):

ut si nautae certarent, quis eorum potissimum gubernaret,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87:

tranquillo mari gubernare,

id. Rep. 1, 6.—Prov.:

gubernare e terra,

i. e. to guide those who are in peril while keeping in safety one's self, Liv. 44, 22, 14:

quilibet nautarum tranquillo mari gubernare potest,

id. 24, 8, 12; cf. gubernator, I. fin. —

Transf., in gen., to direct, manage, conduct, govern, guide (a favorite word with Cic.; cf.:

moderor, rego): qui eos gubernat animus infirmum gerunt,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 31:

quid miramur L. Sullam, cum solus rem publicam regeret orbemque terrarum gubernaret? etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; cf.:

melius gubernari et regi civitates,

id. Rep. 2, 9:

rem publicam,

id. ib. 1, 34; 3, 35; cf.

also: in gubernanda re publica,

id. ib. 1, 29:

teque hortor, ut omnia gubernes ac moderere prudentia tua,

id. Fam. 2, 7, 1; cf.:

illa tormenta gubernat dolor,

id. Sull. 28, 78:

totam petitionem,

id. Mil. 9, 25:

velim ergo totum hoc ita gubernes, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 13, 25, 2:

sed haec fortuna viderit, quoniam ratio non gubernat,

id. ib. 14, 11, 1; cf.:

sed haec deus aliquis gubernabit,

id. ib. 6, 3, 3:

fortunae motum,

id. ib. 8, 4, 1:

iter meum rei publicae et rerum urbanarum ratio gubernabit,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 1:

vitam,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 43:

fortunam suam,

Vell. 2, 127, 1:

Massyleum virga gubernet equum,

Mart. 9, 23, 14.— Absol.: jam ex sermone hoc gubernabunt doctius porro, will steer, i. e. behave, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 99; cf. gubernator, II.

mŏdĕror, ātus, 1 ( inf. moderarier for moderari, Lucr. 5, 1298), v. dep. [modus], to set a measure, set bounds to a thing (syn.: tempero, rego, guberno).

Lit., to moderate, mitigate, restrain, allay, temper, qualify; with dat. (class.):

moderari linguae,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 25:

moderare animo, ne sis cupidus,

id. Mil. 4, 5, 16:

dictis,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 39:

alicui,

Cic. Att. 5, 20, 9; cf.:

moderari uxoribus,

id. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (also ap. Non. 499, 15):

quis illi finem statuet aut quis moderabitur,

Sall. C. 51, 36:

irae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 59:

fortunae suae,

Liv. 37, 35, 5:

animo et orationi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

cursui,

to sail slowly, Tac. A. 2, 70.—

With acc. (post-Aug.):

gaudium moderans,

Tac. A. 2, 75:

duritiam legum,

Suet. Claud. 14:

pretia,

id. Dom. 7.—

Transf., to manage, regulate, rule, guide, govern, direct (class. with acc.):

senatum servire populo, cui populus ipse moderandi et regendi sui potestatem tradidisset?

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

deus, qui regit et moderatur et movet id corpus,

id. Rep. 6, 24, 26:

linguam,

Sall. J. 82, 2:

moderari equos ac flectere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

habenas,

Ov. M. 6, 223:

hocine fieri, ut inmodestis te hic moderere moribus? i. e. immodeste te geras,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 44:

res rusticas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

officio consilia,

id. Fin. 2, 25, 81:

fidem blandius Orpheo,

to strike more harmoniously, Hor. C. 1, 24, 14:

mens quae omnia moderetur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 119:

cantus numerosque,

id. Tusc. 5, 36, 104.—With dat.:

ego inscitus sum, qui ero me postulem moderarier,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 88:

non vinum hominibus moderari, sed homines vino solent,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 57:

pleni moderari frena theatri,

Juv. 10, 128:

funiculo navi moderari,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154.— Absol.:

in utroque magis studia partium quam bona aut mala sua moderata (sunt),

Sall. J. 73, 4:

fortuna, cujus libido gentibus moderatur,

id. C. 51, 25.

1. moderere, gøre moderat og afdæmpet, holde inden for det rimelige, tilpasse

mäßigen moderere; ( beruhigen) dæmpe, betvinge;

gemäßigt modereret; Hitze: tempereret;

sich mäßigen lægge sig; fig tvinge sig; udvise mådehold