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m-sequence

  • 1 čerdà

    čerdà; čérdъ Grammatical information: f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `file, herd'
    Page in Trubačev: IV 60-63
    Old Church Slavic:
    črěda `order, herd' [f ā]
    Russian:
    čeredá `sequence, file, bur-marigold, (obs.) turn, (dial.) herd of cattle' [f ā], čeredú [Accs];
    čeredá (dial.) `sequence, turn' [f ā], čéredu [Accs];
    čerëd `turn, (coll.) queue' [m o]
    Ukrainian:
    čéred `turn' [m o]
    Czech:
    třída `row, turn, street' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    čřieda `herd' [f ā]
    Polish:
    trzoda `herd' [f ā]
    Old Polish:
    czrzoda `herd' [f ā]
    Slovincian:
    střȯ́u̯dă `herd' [f ā]
    Upper Sorbian:
    črjóda `multitude' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    čréda `turn, sequence' [f ā];
    Čak. črīdȁ (Vrgada: obs.) `herd (of sheep)' [f ā];
    Čak. črēdȁ (Novi) `herd (of sheep)' [f ā], črȇdu [Accs]
    Slovene:
    črẹ́da `flock, herd, row' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    čerdá `herd (of cattle)' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: (s)kerdaʔ
    Lithuanian:
    (s)ker̃džius `herdsman, shepherd' [m ju]
    Old Prussian:
    kērdan `time' [Accs]
    Indo-European reconstruction: On the basis of Balto-Slavic and Gothic we may reconstruct *(s)ḱerdʰ-eh₂. The connection with the Indo-Aryan forms mentioned below is dubious (Mayrhofer EWAia II: 619-620).
    Page in Pokorny: 579
    Other cognates:
    Skt. śárdha- `host (of Maruts)'
    ;
    Skt. śárdhas- `troop, host (of Maruts)' [n];
    Av. sarǝđa- [m or n] `kind, nature';
    Go. haírda [f ā].
    Notes:
    \{1\} The connection with the Indo-Aryan forms is dubious, however (Mayrhofer EWAia II: 619-620).

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > čerdà

  • 2 čerdъ

    čerdà; čérdъ Grammatical information: f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `file, herd'
    Page in Trubačev: IV 60-63
    Old Church Slavic:
    črěda `order, herd' [f ā]
    Russian:
    čeredá `sequence, file, bur-marigold, (obs.) turn, (dial.) herd of cattle' [f ā], čeredú [Accs];
    čeredá (dial.) `sequence, turn' [f ā], čéredu [Accs];
    čerëd `turn, (coll.) queue' [m o]
    Ukrainian:
    čéred `turn' [m o]
    Czech:
    třída `row, turn, street' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    čřieda `herd' [f ā]
    Polish:
    trzoda `herd' [f ā]
    Old Polish:
    czrzoda `herd' [f ā]
    Slovincian:
    střȯ́u̯dă `herd' [f ā]
    Upper Sorbian:
    črjóda `multitude' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    čréda `turn, sequence' [f ā];
    Čak. črīdȁ (Vrgada: obs.) `herd (of sheep)' [f ā];
    Čak. črēdȁ (Novi) `herd (of sheep)' [f ā], črȇdu [Accs]
    Slovene:
    črẹ́da `flock, herd, row' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    čerdá `herd (of cattle)' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: (s)kerdaʔ
    Lithuanian:
    (s)ker̃džius `herdsman, shepherd' [m ju]
    Old Prussian:
    kērdan `time' [Accs]
    Indo-European reconstruction: On the basis of Balto-Slavic and Gothic we may reconstruct *(s)ḱerdʰ-eh₂. The connection with the Indo-Aryan forms mentioned below is dubious (Mayrhofer EWAia II: 619-620).
    Page in Pokorny: 579
    Other cognates:
    Skt. śárdha- `host (of Maruts)'
    ;
    Skt. śárdhas- `troop, host (of Maruts)' [n];
    Av. sarǝđa- [m or n] `kind, nature';
    Go. haírda [f ā].
    Notes:
    \{1\} The connection with the Indo-Aryan forms is dubious, however (Mayrhofer EWAia II: 619-620).

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > čerdъ

  • 3 dьrvьn̨a

    dьrvьn̨a Grammatical information: f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `field'
    Russian:
    derévnja `village, (dial.) field, wasteland, ploughed field' [f jā]
    Old Russian:
    derévnja `village, field' [f jā] \{1\}
    Lithuanian:
    dirvà `(arable) land, field' [f ā] 2/4
    Latvian:
    dìrva2 `(arable) land, field' [f ā]
    Indo-European reconstruction: dr(H)-u-
    Comments: The reconstruction of a zero grade implies that the sequence ere in the Russian forms originates from the so-called vtoroe polnoglasie.
    Other cognates:
    Skt. drū́vā- `spelt' [f]
    Notes:
    \{1\} The meaning `field' is attested in the Domostroj.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > dьrvьn̨a

  • 4 ȇdlь

    ȇdlь; edlà Grammatical information: f. i; f. ā Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `spruce, fir'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 14-15
    Russian:
    el' `spruce, fir' [f i], éli [Gens] \{1\}
    Czech:
    jedle `fir' [f jā]
    Old Czech:
    jedl `spruce, fir' [f i]
    Slovak:
    jedl'a `fir' [f jā]
    Polish:
    jodɫa `fir' [f ā] \{2\}
    Old Polish:
    jedl `spruce, fir' [f i];
    jedla [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jéla `fir' [f ā];
    jȅla `fir' [f ā];
    Čak. jȅla (Vrgada) `tree-trunk' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    ję̑l `spruce, fir' [f i], jelȋ [Gens];
    ję̑la `spruce, fir' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    jelá `fir' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: edli-
    Lithuanian:
    ẽglė `spruce, fir' [f ē] 2
    Latvian:
    egle `spruce, fir' [f ē]
    Old Prussian:
    addle (EV) `spruce, fir' [f]
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-l-i
    IE meaning: spruce, fir
    Page in Pokorny: 289-290
    Comments: Connecting the name of the `spruce' or `fir-tree' with Lith. ãdata `needle' and adýti `to darn', as advocated by Fraenkel ( Fraenkel I: 117-118) and Pokorny, is semantically attractive but does not make much sense in relation to Lat. ebulum (cf. Andersen 1996: 119).
    Other cognates:
    Lat. ebulum `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)' [n], ebulus `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)' [f];
    Gaul. odocos `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)';
    OHG attuh, attah `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)'
    Notes:
    \{1\} Alongside ëlka. A different reflex of the sequence *dl is attested in the dialect form ëgla. \{2\} In dialects we find such forms as jegla and jagla.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ȇdlь

  • 5 edlà

    ȇdlь; edlà Grammatical information: f. i; f. ā Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `spruce, fir'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 14-15
    Russian:
    el' `spruce, fir' [f i], éli [Gens] \{1\}
    Czech:
    jedle `fir' [f jā]
    Old Czech:
    jedl `spruce, fir' [f i]
    Slovak:
    jedl'a `fir' [f jā]
    Polish:
    jodɫa `fir' [f ā] \{2\}
    Old Polish:
    jedl `spruce, fir' [f i];
    jedla [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jéla `fir' [f ā];
    jȅla `fir' [f ā];
    Čak. jȅla (Vrgada) `tree-trunk' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    ję̑l `spruce, fir' [f i], jelȋ [Gens];
    ję̑la `spruce, fir' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    jelá `fir' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: edli-
    Lithuanian:
    ẽglė `spruce, fir' [f ē] 2
    Latvian:
    egle `spruce, fir' [f ē]
    Old Prussian:
    addle (EV) `spruce, fir' [f]
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-l-i
    IE meaning: spruce, fir
    Page in Pokorny: 289-290
    Comments: Connecting the name of the `spruce' or `fir-tree' with Lith. ãdata `needle' and adýti `to darn', as advocated by Fraenkel ( Fraenkel I: 117-118) and Pokorny, is semantically attractive but does not make much sense in relation to Lat. ebulum (cf. Andersen 1996: 119).
    Other cognates:
    Lat. ebulum `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)' [n], ebulus `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)' [f];
    Gaul. odocos `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)';
    OHG attuh, attah `dwarf-elder, danewort (sambucus ebulus)'
    Notes:
    \{1\} Alongside ëlka. A different reflex of the sequence *dl is attested in the dialect form ëgla. \{2\} In dialects we find such forms as jegla and jagla.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > edlà

  • 6 ězda

    ězda Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `ride'
    Page in Trubačev: VIII 184-185
    Church Slavic:
    jazda `ride' [f ā]
    Russian:
    ezdá `ride, drive' [f ā]
    Czech:
    jízda `ride, cavalry' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    jazda `ride, cavalry' [f ā]
    Polish:
    jazda `ride, cavalry' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jezda `what one rides in/on, ride' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    jẹ́zda `riding' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    jazdá `riding, ride' [f ā];
    jezdá `riding, ride' [f ā]
    Comments: Formation not entirely clear. The sequence *- zd- may have originated from *- dd- if we assume that a suffix -da was added to the present stem *ěd- of *ěxati.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ězda

  • 7 ògn'ь

    ògn'ь Grammatical information: m. i / m. jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `fire'
    Page in Trubačev: XXXII 30-33
    Old Church Slavic:
    ognь `fire' [m i], ogni [Gens];
    ogn'ь `fire' [m jo], ognja [Gens]
    Russian:
    ogón' `fire' [m jo], ognjá [Gens];
    ogon' (N. dial.) `fire' [m? i], ogni [Gens]
    Ukrainian:
    ohón' (dial.) `fire' [m jo], ohnjú [Gens];
    ohén' (dial.) `fire' [m i], ohný [Gens]
    Czech:
    oheň `fire' [m jo]
    Slovak:
    oheň `fire' [m jo]
    Polish:
    ogień `fire' [m jo]
    Slovincian:
    vùo̯gȯu̯n `fire' [m jo]
    Upper Sorbian:
    woheń `fire' [m jo]
    Lower Sorbian:
    wogeń `fire' [m jo]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    òganj `fire' [m jo], ògnja [Gens];
    Čak. ȍgań (Vrgada) `fire, hearth' [m jo], ȍgńa [Gens];
    Čak. ogáń (Novi) `fire' [m jo], ogńȁ [Gens];
    Čak. ugãnj (Orbanići) `fire' [m jo], ugnjȁ [Gens]
    Slovene:
    ógǝnj `fire' [m jo], ógnja [Gens]
    Bulgarian:
    ógăn `fire' [m jo]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ungnis
    Lithuanian:
    ugnìs `fire' [f i] 4
    Latvian:
    uguns `fire' [f i];
    uguns `fire' [m i]
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₁ngw-ni-
    Comments: According to Kortlandt (1979: 60-61), * ogn'ь reflects a Balto-Slavic noun * ungnis, where *- ngn- blocked the operation of Winter's law. The sequence *un was lowered to *on before a tautosyllabic stop, with subsequent loss of the nasal as a result of dissimilation (cf. -> *vodà). Apparently, the latter development occurred in Baltic as well. The expected reflex of Winter's law is found in -> *vỳgъn̨ь, vỳgъn̨a.
    Other cognates:
    Skt. agní- (RV+) `fire, Agni'
    ;
    Lat. ignis `fire'

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ògn'ь

  • 8 sěrъ

    śěrъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `grey'
    Church Slavic:
    sěrъ (RuCS) `grey' [adj o]
    Russian:
    séryj `grey' [adj o];
    ser `grey' [adj o], será [Nomsf], séro [Nomsn]
    Ukrainian:
    síryj `grey' [adj o]
    Czech:
    šerý `grey' [adj o]
    Old Czech:
    šěrý `grey' [adj o]
    Slovak:
    šerý `grey' [adj o]
    Polish:
    szary `grey' [adj o]
    Upper Sorbian:
    šěry `grey' [adj o]
    Slovene:
    sę́r `grey' [adj o], sę́ra [Nomsf]
    Indo-European reconstruction: ḱh₂e/oiro-
    Comments: The initial fricative results from the palatalization of *x- before *ě < * oi/ai. According to Kortlandt (1994: 112), *ḱh₂ was depalatalized to *kH in Balto-Slavic, which sequence ultimately yielded k in Lithuanian and *x in Proto-Slavic. Heidermanns (1993: 269), seems to ignore the problem.
    Other cognates:
    OIc. hárr `grey-haired, old' [adj];
    OE hār `grey, grey-haired' [adj]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > sěrъ

  • 9 vědrò

    vědrò Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `bucket'
    Old Church Slavic:
    vědro (Euch., Supr.) `barrel' [n o]
    Russian:
    vedró `bucket' [n o]
    Czech:
    vědro `bucket' [n o]
    Slovak:
    vedro `bucket' [n o]
    Polish:
    wiadro `bucket' [n o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    vjèdro `bucket' [n o];
    vijèdro (Montenegro) `bucket' [n o];
    Čak. vȉdro (Vrgada) `bucket' [n o]
    Slovene:
    vẹ́drọ `bucket' [n o]
    Bulgarian:
    vedró `bucket' [n o]
    Lithuanian:
    vė́daras `sausage, (dial.) belly, intestines' [m o] 3a
    Latvian:
    vę̂dars `belly' [m o]
    Old Prussian:
    weders (EV) `belly, stomach'
    Indo-European reconstruction: ued-róm
    Comments: There are basically two etymologies for this noun. According to, among others, Meillet (1902-1905: 407-408) and Vasmer, *vědrò derives from the root of *uod-r/n- `water', cf. Gk. ὑδρία `water-pot, pitcher, vessel'. The other option is to connect the word for `bucket' with forms meaning `belly'. I prefer the latter etymology. In both cases the long vowel of the root can be attributed to Winter's law, which at first sight is incompatible with AP (b). In my framework, however, it is possible to assume that in Proto-Slavic the reflex of the laryngeal was lost in pretonic position (the sequence - dr- prevented the Balto-Slavic retraction of the stress from final open syllables). The remaining problem is the fact that the evidence points almost exclusively to a short root vowel, as words of the aforementioned type as a rule appear to have escaped the pretonic shortening that took place before Dybo's law.
    Other cognates:
    Skt. udára- `belly, womb' [n];
    Gk. ὕδερος
    `dropsy' [m];
    Lat. uterus `lower abdomen, belly, womb'
    Notes:
    \{1\} With unclear -t-.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > vědrò

  • 10 vodà

    vodà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `water'
    Old Church Slavic:
    voda `water' [f ā]
    Russian:
    vodá `water' [f ā], vódu [Accs]
    Czech:
    voda `water' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    voda `water' [f ā]
    Polish:
    woda `water' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    vòda `water' [f ā], vȍdu [Accs];
    Čak. vodȁ (Vrgada, Novi, Hvar) `water' [f ā], vȍdu [Accs];
    Čak. vodȁ (Orbanići) `water' [f ā], vȍdo [Accs]
    Slovene:
    vóda `water' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    vodá `water' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: u̯ondōr
    Lithuanian:
    vanduõ `water' [m n] 3a
    Latvian:
    ûdens `water' [m o]
    Old Prussian:
    wundan `water';
    unds `water'
    Indo-European reconstruction: The origin of *vodà is the heteroclitic noun *uod-r/n- `water'. The fact that the etymon was not affected by Winter's law calls for an explanation. Kortlandt (1979: 60-61, cf. 1988: 388-389) claims that the vocalism of * voda continues the Gsg. * (v)undnes of a Balto-Slavic noun * vondōr, with a nasal infix originating from a suffix, as in Latv. unda (cf. Thurneysen 1883). The sequence ndn blocked Winter's law (cf. the regular acute in Lith. vanduõ). The vocalism * vod- arose in Proto-Slavic when *un was lowered before a tautosyllabic stop, which development was followed by the dissimilatory loss of the *n (cf. -> * ogn'ь).
    Other cognates:
    Skt. udán- (RV+) `water' [n];
    Hitt. u̯ātar `water' [n], u̯etenas [Gens];
    Gk. ὕδωρ `water' [n];
    Lat. unda `wave' [f];
    Go. wato `water' [n];
    OS watar `water' [n];
    OIc. vatn `water' [n]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > vodà

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