mūnis

com-mūnis ( comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. [con and root mu-, to bind; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: immunis, munus, moenia], that is common to several or to all, common, general, universal, public (opp. proprius, that belongs to one:

quod commune cum alio est, desinet esse proprium,

Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and every species of composition); constr. with cum, dat., inter se, or absol.

Prop.:

vetus verbum hoc quidem est: Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18:

vinea vulpibus et hominibus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5:

sepulcrum Asiae Europaeque Troja,

Cat. 68, 89:

is fit ei cum Roscio communis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.:

alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis commune est,

Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the formula aliquid cum aliquo commune habere:

vetustas habet aliquid commune cum multis, amor non habet,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2:

cum rerum naturā... quid habere potest commune... gallinaceum fel,

id. Div. 2, 12, 29:

controversia. quae communes minime cum aliis quaestiones habet,

Quint. 5, 10, 110:

illum... nihil vobiscum commune habentem,

Sen. Const. 15, 2:

sciat, se nihil mecum habere commune,

id. Ben. 7, 12, 2:

omnia cum amico communia habebit, qui multa cum homine,

id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum natura) quidquam commune cum caelo, Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B:

vitium commune omnium est,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555:

communis imperii (i. e. Romani) fines,

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf.

libertas,

id. Sest. 1, 1:

salus,

id. ib. 6, 15:

utilitas,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 6:

mors,

natural, Eutr. 7, 8:

verba,

i. e. prose, Claud. Epig. 81, 3:

jus gentium,

Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae ignarus, ignorant of life, i. e. of the customs of society, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.:

sensu caret,

of a sense of propriety, Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.:

sit in beneficio sensus communis,

Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf.

also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

communis locus, euphem.,

the lower world, Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a brothel, Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In plur.:

loca,

public places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1;

but loci, in philos. lang.,

a commonplace, common topic, id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. locus.—

Subst.: commūne, is, n., that which is common.

In gen., plur.:

ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20:

paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas,

publicity, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.—In sing.:

de communi aliquid consequi,

Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3:

jus communi dividundo,

Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.—

Esp. = to koinon, a community, state: commune Latium, Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.:

Commune Milyadum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95:

Siciliae,

id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145;

2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae,

Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.:

communis Graecia,

id. ib. 13, 199; and: res communis = respublica, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.—

In commune.

For common use, for all, for a common object, end, advantage, etc.:

metuere,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

consulere,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5:

conferre,

Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8:

vocare honores,

i. e. to bestow equally upon patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18:

profutura,

Quint. 6, 1, 7:

laborare (apes),

id. 5, 11, 24.—Rarely in communi:

ponere libertatem,

Tac. A. 13, 27.—

In general, generally (in post-Aug. prose):

de jure omni disputandum,

Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.—

Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.—

Trop.

That represents the common sentiment, democratic:

qui in bello... suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum magis communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—

Of manners, accessible, familiar, courteous, condescending, affable (kindr. in sense with comis; hence in MSS. very freq. interchanged with it;

v. comis): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) par est,

Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

communis infimis, par principibus,

Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. communitas.— Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).— Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).—

T. t.

In rhet.:

commune exordium, quod nihilo minus in hanc quam in contrariam partem causae potest convenire,

equally appropriate to either side of a cause, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.—

In gram.: verbum, a common verb, i. e. one that has both an active and passive signification, Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: syllaba = anceps, i. e. either long or short, Don. p. 1389 P.; Charis. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.:

genus,

of both masculine and feminine gender, Charis. p. 126 ib. et saep.— Hence, Advv.

Class. form commū-nĭter, together, in common, jointly, generally (very freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.—Opp. proprie, Quint. 9, 1, 23;

opp. separatim,

Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.—

* Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.—

commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5.

com-mūnis ( comoinis, S. C. de Bacch.), e, adj. [con and root mu-, to bind; Sanscr. mav-; cf.: immunis, munus, moenia], that is common to several or to all, common, general, universal, public (opp. proprius, that belongs to one:

quod commune cum alio est, desinet esse proprium,

Quint. 7, 3, 24; cf. id. 2, 4, 40; 7, 1, 28; 8, 5, 6; 10, 1, 16; 12, 10, 42; 12, 3, 7; v. also the foll.; freq. in all periods and every species of composition); constr. with cum, dat., inter se, or absol.

Prop.:

vetus verbum hoc quidem est: Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 18:

vinea vulpibus et hominibus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 5:

sepulcrum Asiae Europaeque Troja,

Cat. 68, 89:

is fit ei cum Roscio communis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 27; cf.:

alterum nobis cum dis, alterum cum beluis commune est,

Sall. C. 1, 2; Nep. Timol. 1, 4.—Esp. freq. in the formula aliquid cum aliquo commune habere:

vetustas habet aliquid commune cum multis, amor non habet,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 2:

cum rerum naturā... quid habere potest commune... gallinaceum fel,

id. Div. 2, 12, 29:

controversia. quae communes minime cum aliis quaestiones habet,

Quint. 5, 10, 110:

illum... nihil vobiscum commune habentem,

Sen. Const. 15, 2:

sciat, se nihil mecum habere commune,

id. Ben. 7, 12, 2:

omnia cum amico communia habebit, qui multa cum homine,

id. Ep. 48, 3; 74, 17; id. Q. N. 2, 37, 2: nec habet (pecudum natura) quidquam commune cum caelo, Lact. de Ira Dei, 7, 4; 8, 3; App. de Deo Socr. 13; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 9; Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 25, B:

vitium commune omnium est,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 30; cf. Cic. Sen. 11, 35; Lucr. 5, 260; 3, 326; 5, 555:

communis imperii (i. e. Romani) fines,

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf.

libertas,

id. Sest. 1, 1:

salus,

id. ib. 6, 15:

utilitas,

Nep. Alcib. 4, 6:

mors,

natural, Eutr. 7, 8:

verba,

i. e. prose, Claud. Epig. 81, 3:

jus gentium,

Nep. Them. 7, 4 et saep.: vitae ignarus, ignorant of life, i. e. of the customs of society, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7; cf.:

sensu caret,

of a sense of propriety, Hor. S. 1, 3, 66 Heind.; cf.:

sit in beneficio sensus communis,

Sen. Ben. 1, 12, 3; id. Ep. 5, 4; 105, 3; Quint. 1, 2, 20; cf.

also: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 72:

communis locus, euphem.,

the lower world, Plaut. Cas. prol. 19; and for a brothel, Sen. Contr. 1, 2, p. 83 Bip.—In plur.:

loca,

public places, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112; id. Fam. 13, 11, 1;

but loci, in philos. lang.,

a commonplace, common topic, id. de Or. 3, 27, 106; id. Or. 36, 126; Quint. 2, 1, 9; 2, 1, 11; 5, 1, 3; 5, 12, 15; v. locus.—

Subst.: commūne, is, n., that which is common.

In gen., plur.:

ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 20:

paucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas,

publicity, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Ov. M. 13, 271.—In sing.:

de communi aliquid consequi,

Dig. 17, 2, 52; so Paul. Sent. 1, 18, § 3:

jus communi dividundo,

Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; cf. Gai Inst. 4, 42; Dig. 2, 1, 11, § 2 al.—

Esp. = to koinon, a community, state: commune Latium, Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 18 Müll.:

Commune Milyadum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 95:

Siciliae,

id. ib. 2, 2, 46, § 114; 2, 2, 59, § 145;

2, 2, 63, § 154: gentis Pelasgae,

Ov. M. 12, 7; cf.:

communis Graecia,

id. ib. 13, 199; and: res communis = respublica, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 522, 17.—

In commune.

For common use, for all, for a common object, end, advantage, etc.:

metuere,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

consulere,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 16; Tac. A. 12, 5:

conferre,

Cic. Quint. 3, 12; id. Inv. 2, 3, 8:

vocare honores,

i. e. to bestow equally upon patricians and plebeians, Liv. 6, 40, 18:

profutura,

Quint. 6, 1, 7:

laborare (apes),

id. 5, 11, 24.—Rarely in communi:

ponere libertatem,

Tac. A. 13, 27.—

In general, generally (in post-Aug. prose):

de jure omni disputandum,

Quint. 7, 1, 49; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 9; Tac. G. 27; 38; 40 al.—

Halves! Sen. Ep. 119, 1; Phaedr. 5, 7, 3.—

Trop.

That represents the common sentiment, democratic:

qui in bello... suo et certorum hominum consilio uteretur, eum magis communem censemus in victoriā futurum fuisse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—

Of manners, accessible, familiar, courteous, condescending, affable (kindr. in sense with comis; hence in MSS. very freq. interchanged with it;

v. comis): simplicem et communem et consentientem eligi (amicum) par est,

Cic. Lael. 18, 65; so id. Fam. 4, 9, 2:

communis infimis, par principibus,

Nep. Att. 3, 1; so Eutr. 8, 5; cf. communitas.— Comp., Suet. Claud. 21 dub. (al. comior).— Sup., Suet. Vesp. 22 dub. (al. comissimus).—

T. t.

In rhet.:

commune exordium, quod nihilo minus in hanc quam in contrariam partem causae potest convenire,

equally appropriate to either side of a cause, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 71; Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11; Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 319.—

In gram.: verbum, a common verb, i. e. one that has both an active and passive signification, Gell. 15, 13, 1; Prisc. p. 787 P.: syllaba = anceps, i. e. either long or short, Don. p. 1389 P.; Charis. p. 3 ib.; Diom. p. 423 ib.:

genus,

of both masculine and feminine gender, Charis. p. 126 ib. et saep.— Hence, Advv.

Class. form commū-nĭter, together, in common, jointly, generally (very freq.), Varr. R. R. 2, 10; Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Nep. Pelop. 2, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 13; Ov. M. 6, 262.—Opp. proprie, Quint. 9, 1, 23;

opp. separatim,

Cic. Fam. 13, 12, 1; cf. id. Arch. 12, 32.—

* Comp., Diom. p. 480 P.—

commūnĭtus: deos colere, Varr. ap. Non. p. 510, 5.

mūnus (old orthogr. moenus;

moenera militiaï,

Lucr. 1, 29), ĕris, n. [root mu-; cf.: moenia, munis, munia, etc.], a service, office, post, employment, function, duty (class.; syn.: officium, ministerium, honos).

Lit.: munus significat officium, cum dicitur quis munere fungi. Item donum quod officii causā datur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 140 Müll. (cf. infra):

munus curare,

to discharge an office, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 76:

octo munus hominum fungi,

id. Men. 1, 4, 5:

administrare,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 2:

munus atque officium,

Cic. Font. 7, 15:

rei publicae,

a public office, id. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

belli,

Liv. 24, 35:

de jure respondendi sustinere,

Cic. Brut. 30, 113:

rei publicae explere,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

vigiliarum obire,

to perform, Liv. 3, 6:

officii,

the performance of a duty, Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes: a te hoc civitas exspectat,

duty, office, obligation, id. Fam. 11, 5, 3:

principum est resistere levitati multitudinis,

id. Mil. 8, 22:

vitae,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

senectutis,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 10.—

Esp., = onus, a duty, burden, tribute:

cum hoc munus imponebatur tam grave civitati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51:

id quoque munus leve atque commune Mamertinis remisisti,

id. ib. 2, 5, 21, §

52: dum ne quis eorum munere vacaret,

Liv. 25, 7, 4:

non enim detractionem eam munerum militiae, sed apertam defectionem esse,

id. 27, 9, 9.—

Transf.

A work:

majorum vigiliarum munus, Cic. Par. prooem.: solitudinis,

a work, book, written in solitude, id. Off. 3, 1, 4.—

A service, favor: huc ire licet atque illuc munere ditium dominorum, Sall. Orat. Licin.; Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1.—

In partic., the last service, office to the dead, i. e. burial: pro hominis dignitate amplo munere extulit, Nep. Eum. 4, 4 (dub.;

al. funere): suprema,

Verg. A. 11, 25:

supremum mortis,

Cat. 101, 3:

debita,

Val. Fl. 3, 313:

fungi inani Munere,

Verg. A. 6, 885:

cineri haec mittite nostro Munera,

id. ib. 4, 624.—

A present, gift (syn.:

donum, praemium): bonum datum deorum concessu atque munere,

Cic. Univ. 14:

mittere alicui,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

mittere aliquid alicui munere,

to send one something as a present, Plin. 37, 5, 19, § 74 (al. muneri):

quasi totam regionem muneri accepissent,

had received as a present, Tac. A. 14, 31:

aliquem munere donare,

to present one with a gift, Verg. A. 5, 282:

dare muneri aliquid alicui,

to give one something as a present, Nep. Thras. 4, 2:

munera Liberi,

i. e. wine, Hor. C. 4, 15, 26:

terrae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 10:

Cereris,

bread, Ov. M. 10, 74; cf.:

gratae post munus aristae,

Juv. 14, 183:

quem munere palpat Carus,

i. e. a bribe, id. 1, 35.—

In partic.

A public show, spectacle, entertainment, exhibition, esp. a show of gladiators, which was given to the people by the magistrates, and generally by the ædiles, as an expression of gratitude for the honorable office to which they had been elected (cf.:

ludus, spectaculum): erat munus Scipionis, dignum et eo ipso et illo Q. Metello, cui dabatur,

Cic. Sest. 58, 124:

munus magnificum dare,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6:

praebere,

id. Sull. 19, 54:

functus est aedilicio maximo munere,

i. e. gave a splendid exhibition, id. Off. 2, 16, 55:

edere,

Suet. Tit. 7:

venationes, quae vocantur munera,

Lact. 6, 20:

munera nunc edunt,

Juv. 3, 36; 4, 18.—

A public building for the use of the people, erected at the expense of an individual:

Pompeii munera,

the theatre, Vell. 2, 130, 1:

aut ubi muneribus nati sua munera mater Addidit (i. e. theatro Marcelli porticum Octaviam),

Ov. A. A. 1, 69.—

Transf., of the structure of the universe:

effector vel moderator tanti operis et muneris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70.

mūrus (archaic orthogr. moerus, Varr. L. L. 5, 32, § 41 Müll.; Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 18, or Ann. v. 376 Vahl.; Verg. A. 10, 24:

moirus,

Inscr. Orell. 566), i, m. [from root mū-; cf.: moenia, munis], a wall; esp. a city wall; mostly in plur. (class.; cf.: moenia, paries, maceria).

Lit.:

muri urbis,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94:

Helvii intra oppida murosque compelluntur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

instruere,

Nep. Th. 6, 4:

ducere,

Verg. A. 1, 423:

aedificare,

Ov. M. 11, 204:

marmoreus,

a balcony, Calp. Ecl. 7, 48.—Also, the wall of a building, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 7:

sanctae res, veluti muri et portae, quodammodo divini juris sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 9.—

Transf.

A bank, mound, dam, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 3.—

The rim or side of a pot or boiler:

quae tenui muro spatiosum colligat orbem,

Juv. 4, 132.—

The wooden tower of an elephant, Sil. 9, 601.—

The head-dress of Cybele, ornamented with towers: crinalis, Claud. in. Eutr. 2, 284.—

Trop., a wall, a safeguard, protection, defence (rare but class.):

lex Aelia et Fufia, propugnacula murique tranquillitatis,

Cic. Pis. 4, 9:

Graiūm murus Achilles,

Ov. M. 13, 280:

cor munitum costarum et pectoris muro,

Plin. 11, 37, 69, § 181:

hic murus aëneus esto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 60.