langueō

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languĕo, ēre, 2, v. n. [root lag-; Gr. lagaros, lagnos, lewd; Lat. laxare, lactes; cf. Sanscr. lang-a, prostitute; Gr. lagôs, hare, lagones, the flanks, womb], to be faint, weary, languid (cf.: languesco, marceo, torpeo).

Lit.

In gen.:

cum de via languerem,

was fatigued with my journey, Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

per assiduos motus languere,

to be wearied, Ov. H. 18, 161.— Poet.:

flos languet,

droops, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 46; Val. Fl. 7, 24 al.:

languet aequor,

the sea is calm, Mart. 10, 30, 12:

lunae languet jubar,

is enfeebled, obscured, Stat. Th. 12, 305.—

In partic., to be weak, faint, languid from disease ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

languent mea membra,

Tib. 3, 5, 28:

tristi languebunt corpora morbo,

Verg. G. 4, 252:

sub natalem suum plerumque languebat,

Suet. Aug. 81: si te languere audierimus, Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21 fin.:

ego langui et aegrotavi per dies,

Vulg. Dan. 8, 27; Luc. 7, 10; cf. languesco.—

Trop., to be languid, dull, heavy, inactive, listless:

languet juventus, nec perinde atque debebat in laudis et gloriae cupiditate versatur,

Cic. Pis. 33, 82:

nec eam solitudinem languere patior,

to pass in idleness, to be wasted, id. Off. 3, 1, 3:

otio,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf.:

in otio hebescere et languere,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

si paululum modo vos languere viderint,

to be without energy, Sall. C. 52, 18:

languet amor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 436:

mihi gratia languet,

Sil. 17, 361.—Hence, languens, entis, P. a., faint, weak, feeble, inert, powerless, inactive, languid:

incitare languentes,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38; cf.: commovere languentem id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

nostris languentibus atque animo remissis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14: languenti stomacho esse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

irritamentum Veneris languentis,

Juv. 11, 167:

vox languens,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133:

cor,

Cat. 64, 97:

hyacinthus,

drooping, Verg. A. 11, 69; so,

ramus,

Suet. Aug. 92.

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dē-fătīgo or dē-fĕtīgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to weary out, tire a person; to fatigue; to exhaust. (For syn. cf.: fatigo, fessus, lassus, langueo, languidus, defessus. —Freq. and class.)

Lit.

Act.:

cum crebro integri defessis succederent nostrosque assiduo labore defatigarent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 41, 2; cf.:

exercitum Pompeii quotidianis itineribus,

id. B. C. 3, 85, 2; Suet. Caes. 65 et saep.:

se,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 3.—

Pass.:

opus faciam ut defatiger usque, ingratiis ut dormiam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 14: defatigatus vulneribus, Cato [p. 528] ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:

defatigatus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8;

and opp. integer,

id. ib. 5, 16 fin.; 7, 85, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40, 2:

defatigatus est populus nimis,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 14, 31.—

Transf.:

ubertate nimia prioris aevi defatigatum et effetum solum,

exhausted, Col. 1, praef. § 1.—

Trop.

Act.: deos suppliciis, votis, precibus, etc., Afran. ap. Non. 398, 23:

ne te adolescens mulier defatiget,

Ter. Ph. 5, 3, 11:

censores, judices,

Cic. Leg. 3, 12 fin. —

Pass.:

te nec animi neque corporis laboribus defatigari,

Cic. Fam. 14, 1; id. de Or. 2, 41, 177; Plaut. Epid. 1, 2, 15:

numquam conquiescam neque defatigabor ante, quam, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 36, 145; cf. id. Brut. 22, 86.—Once with inf.: nec defatigabor permanere in studio libertatis, Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14 fin.

languesco, gŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [langueo], to become faint, weak, languid (class.; syn.: torpesco, marcesco).

Lit.

In gen.:

corpore languescit,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 65:

orator metuo ne languescat senectute,

id. de Sen. 9, 28:

corpora,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 39; Plin. Pan. 18:

vites languescunt,

Plin. 18, 15, 37, § 138:

cum flos, succisus aratro, languescit moriens,

droops, withers, Verg. A. 9, 436: Bacchus in amphora Languescit, becomes mild or mellow, Hor. C. 3, 16, 34:

luna languescit,

becomes obscured, Tac. A. 1, 28:

color in luteum languescens,

inclining to, Plin. 27, 13, 109, § 133.—

In partic., to be enfeebled by disease, to be ill, to languish ( poet. and post-Aug.):

nec mea languescent corpora,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 39:

ter omnino per quatuordecim annos languit,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

Trop., to grow languid, listless, or inactive, to decline, decrease:

consensus populi, si nos languescimus debilitetur necesse est,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 4:

Martia legio hoc nuntio languescet et mollietur,

id. ib. 12, 3, 8:

quare non est, cur eorum spes infringatur aut languescat industria,

should relax, id. Or. 2, 6:

militaria studia,

are on the decline, Plin. Pan. 18:

affectus omnes,

Quint. 11, 3, 2:

mens languescit,

id. 1, 2, 18: omnium rerum cupido languescit, cum facilis occasio est, Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 1:

paulatim atrocibus irae languescunt animis,

Sil. 13, 325:

illa rabies languit,

Luc. 7, 246.

languĭdus, a, um, adj. [langueo], faint, weak, dull, sluggish, languid (class.; cf.: lassus, fessus, fatigatus, defessus).

Lit.

In gen.:

homines vino languidi,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; cf.:

vino vigiliisque languidus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 31:

pecus,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 39:

boves Collo trahentes languido,

Hor. Epod. 2, 64.— Transf., of things:

(oculi) languidi et torpentes,

dull, Quint. 11, 3, 76; cf.:

vultus non languidus,

id. 11, 3, 159:

flumen,

sluggish, Hor. C. 2, 14, 17; so,

aqua,

Liv. 1, 4:

ventus,

gentle, mild; Ov. P. 2, 1, 2; cf.

carbasa,

hanging loose, not swelled out, Luc. 5, 421:

color,

pale, Plin. 12, 12, 26, § 43:

ignis,

id. 34, 8, 17, § 79:

ictus venarum,

id. 11, 37, 88, § 219:

arbor piri,

Pall. Febr. 25, 4; id. Novem. 7, 14.— Comp.:

languidioribus nostris vallum scindere (hostes),

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

folia languidiora,

Plin. 22, 20, 24, § 50:

vina,

i. e. more mellow, Hor. C. 3, 21, 8.—

In partic., faint, weak, languid from sickness, languishing, ill ( poet. and in postAug. prose): lumina, Laurea Tullius poët. ap. Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 8:

languidior noster si quando est Paulus,

Mart. 9, 86:

uxor,

Juv. 1, 122.— Subst.: languĭdus, i, m., the sick man, invalid, Vulg. Johan. 5, 7; id. Matt. 14, 14 al.—

Trop., faint, feeble, powerless, inactive, listless, of persons and things:

senectus languida atque iners,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

philosophus mollis, languidus, enervatus,

id. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

si qui antea aut alieniores fuerant aut languidiores,

more sluggish, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16; cf.:

nos etiam languidiores postea facti sumus,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 21:

illi beati, quos nullae futtiles laetitiae exultantes languidis liquefaciunt voluptatibus,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

esse remisso ac languido animo,

id. B. C. 1, 21:

languidiore credo studio in causa fuistis,

Cic. Lig. 9, 28:

oratio languidior,

Quint. 4, 1, 67:

auctoritas patrum,

weak, Plin. 15, 29, 36, § 121:

Romani... fessi lassique erant: tamen instructi intentique obviam procedebant. Nam dolus Numidarum nihil languidi neque remissi patiebatur,

Sall. J. 53, 6:

oculos ubi languida pressit quies,

producing languor, Verg. A. 12, 908.— Sup. seems not to occur. —Hence, adv.: languĭdē, in a languid manner, faintly, feebly, slowly, languidly (class.):

procedere,

Col. 11, 1, 17:

nutare,

Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 53:

agere,

Petr. 98:

palmae languide dulces,

slightly, Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 34. — Comp.:

languidius in opere versari,

Caes. B. G. 7, 27:

dictum languidius,

more faintheartedly, spiritlessly, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 25.— Sup. seems not to occur.

languor, ōris, m. [langueo], faintness, feebleness, weariness, sluggishness, languor, lassitude.

Lit.

In gen. (class.; cf.: torpor, torpedo, veturnus): ubi saepe ad languorem tua duritia dederis octo validos lictores. Plaut. As. 3, 2, 28:

haec deambulatio me ad languorem dedit,

has fatigued me, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 3:

(animus) cum languore corporis nec membris uti nec sensibus potest,

on account of lassitude of the body, Cic. Div. 2, 62, 128:

languore militum et vigiliis periculum augetur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 31.— In plur., Cat. 55, 31.— Transf., of things, of the faintness, paleness of colors, Plin. 37, 9, 46, § 130.— Poet., of the sea, stillness, calmness:

et maria pigro fixa languore impulit,

Sen. Agm. 161.—

In partic., faintness, weakness, languor proceeding from disease ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

aquosus,

dropsy, Hor. C. 2, 2, 15:

languor faucium,

Suet. Ner. 41:

in languorem incidit,

id. Tib. 72:

ipsum languorem peperit cibus imperfectus,

Juv. 3, 233:

vere languores nostros ipse tulit,

Vulg. Isa. 53, 4:

a languoribus sanari,

id. Luc. 6, 18.—

Trop., faintness, dulness, sluggishness, apathy, inactivity, listlessness (class.):

languori se desidiaeque dedere,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123:

languorem afferre alicui, opp. acuere,

id. ib. 3, 1, 1; id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:

bonorum,

id. Att. 14, 6, 2:

in languorem vertere,

Tac. H. 2, 42:

amantem languor Arguit,

Hor. Epod. 11, 9; cf. Val. Fl. 7, 194.

lassus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; acc. to Bopp, Gloss. 112, 6, for glassus from glasnus; kindred to Sanscr. glasnu, fessus, defessus, lassus; but more prob. collat. form of laxus; cf. langueo], faint, languid, weary, tired, exhausted (syn.: fessus, fatigatus, defatigatus; mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).

Lit.:

lassus de via,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 66:

opere faciundo,

id. As. 5, 2, 23:

lassus jam sum durando miser,

id. Truc. 2, 3, 6; cf.:

Romani itinere atque opere castrorum et proelio fessi lassique erant,

Sall. J. 53:

recto itinere lassi,

Quint. 2, 3, 9: assiduo gaudio, Plin. 37, 1, 1, § 3:

ab equo indomito,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

lasso mihi subvenire,

Plin. Ep. 9, 36, 5:

alieno aratro,

Juv. 8, 246:

marris ac vomere,

id. 15, 167.—Prov.:

a lasso rixam quaeri (because tired persons are easily vexed),

Sen. Ira, 3, 9, 5.—

With gen.:

lassus maris et viarum Militiaeque,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 7; cf.:

ita me amor lassum animi ludificat,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 8.—

With acc.:

lassus pondus,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1599. —

With inf.:

nec fueris nomen lassa vocare meum,

Prop. 2, 13, 28 (3, 5, 12); 2, 15 (3, 7), 46; 2, 33 (3, 31), 26.—

Transf., of things:

fructious assiduis lassa humus,

exhausted, Ov. P. 1, 4, 14; cf.:

lassa et effeta natura,

Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 2:

aurae spatio ipso,

id. ib. 5, 6, 14:

stomachus,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 8:

verba onerantia lassas aures,

id. ib. 1, 10, 10:

collum,

drooping, Verg. A. 9, 436:

lasso collo jumenta,

Juv. 14, 146:

undae,

i. e. become calm again, Luc. 2, 618:

mons,

gently sloping, Stat. Th. 1, 330:

si res lassa labat, Itidem amici collabascunt,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 16.— Comp., sup., and adv. seem not to occur.

torpĕo, ēre, v. n. [Sanscr. root tarp-, to sate; Gr. terpô], to be stiff, numb, motionless, inactive, torpid, sluggish, etc. (syn.: langueo, languesco, stupeo, rigeo).

Lit.:

torpentes gelu,

Liv. 21, 56, 7; 21, 55, 8; cf.:

digitus torpens frigore,

Suet. Aug. 80:

languidi et torpentes oculi,

Quint. 11, 3, 76:

torpentes rigore nervi,

Liv. 21, 58, 9:

membra torpent,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 168; cf.:

torpentes membrorum partes,

id. 24, 4, 7, § 13:

torpent infractae ad proelia vires,

Verg. A. 9, 499:

duroque simillima saxo Torpet,

Ov. M. 13, 541:

quid vetat et nervos magicas torpere per artes?

id. Am. 3, 7, 35:

serpentes torpentes inveniantur,

Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 148:

hostem habes aegre torpentia membra trahentem,

Sil. 4, 68:

non eadem vini atque cibi torpente palato Gaudia,

Juv. 10, 203; cf.:

non exacuet torpens sapor ille palatum,

Ov. P. 1, 10, 13.—

Transf., of inanim. things, to be still, motionless, sluggish:

torpentes lacus,

Stat. Th. 9, 452:

amnis,

id. ib. 4, 172:

locus depressus hieme pruinis torpet,

Col. 1, 4, 10:

Orpheus tacuit torpente lyrā,

Sen. Med. 348:

antra Musarum longo torpentia somno,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, praef. 51; 1, 262.—

Trop., to be stupid, stupefied, astounded; to be dull, listless, inactive (cf. stupeo):

timeo, totus torpeo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 179; cf.:

timore torpeo,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 50:

torpentibus metu qui aderant,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

deum volumus cessatione torpere,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 102:

quidnam torpentes subito obstupuistis Achivi? id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64: torpentes metu,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

defixis oculis animoque et corpore torpet?

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 14:

cum Pausiacā torpes tabellā,

when you are lost in admiration, id. S. 2, 7, 95:

nec torpere gravi passus sua regna veterno,

Verg. G. 1, 124:

frigere ac torpere senis consilia,

Liv. 6, 23, 7:

consilia re subitā,

id. 1, 41, 3:

torpebat vox spiritusque,

id. 1, 25, 4:

Tyrii desperatione torpebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 16:

rursus ad spem et fiduciam erigere torpentes,

id. 4, 10, 7; 4, 14, 13.