languēscō

* * *

languesco, gŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [langueo], to become faint, weak, languid (class.; syn.: torpesco, marcesco).

Lit.

In gen.:

corpore languescit,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 65:

orator metuo ne languescat senectute,

id. de Sen. 9, 28:

corpora,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 39; Plin. Pan. 18:

vites languescunt,

Plin. 18, 15, 37, § 138:

cum flos, succisus aratro, languescit moriens,

droops, withers, Verg. A. 9, 436: Bacchus in amphora Languescit, becomes mild or mellow, Hor. C. 3, 16, 34:

luna languescit,

becomes obscured, Tac. A. 1, 28:

color in luteum languescens,

inclining to, Plin. 27, 13, 109, § 133.—

In partic., to be enfeebled by disease, to be ill, to languish ( poet. and post-Aug.):

nec mea languescent corpora,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 39:

ter omnino per quatuordecim annos languit,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

Trop., to grow languid, listless, or inactive, to decline, decrease:

consensus populi, si nos languescimus debilitetur necesse est,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 4:

Martia legio hoc nuntio languescet et mollietur,

id. ib. 12, 3, 8:

quare non est, cur eorum spes infringatur aut languescat industria,

should relax, id. Or. 2, 6:

militaria studia,

are on the decline, Plin. Pan. 18:

affectus omnes,

Quint. 11, 3, 2:

mens languescit,

id. 1, 2, 18: omnium rerum cupido languescit, cum facilis occasio est, Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 1:

paulatim atrocibus irae languescunt animis,

Sil. 13, 325:

illa rabies languit,

Luc. 7, 246.

languĕo, ēre, 2, v. n. [root lag-; Gr. lagaros, lagnos, lewd; Lat. laxare, lactes; cf. Sanscr. lang-a, prostitute; Gr. lagôs, hare, lagones, the flanks, womb], to be faint, weary, languid (cf.: languesco, marceo, torpeo).

Lit.

In gen.:

cum de via languerem,

was fatigued with my journey, Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

per assiduos motus languere,

to be wearied, Ov. H. 18, 161.— Poet.:

flos languet,

droops, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 46; Val. Fl. 7, 24 al.:

languet aequor,

the sea is calm, Mart. 10, 30, 12:

lunae languet jubar,

is enfeebled, obscured, Stat. Th. 12, 305.—

In partic., to be weak, faint, languid from disease ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

languent mea membra,

Tib. 3, 5, 28:

tristi languebunt corpora morbo,

Verg. G. 4, 252:

sub natalem suum plerumque languebat,

Suet. Aug. 81: si te languere audierimus, Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21 fin.:

ego langui et aegrotavi per dies,

Vulg. Dan. 8, 27; Luc. 7, 10; cf. languesco.—

Trop., to be languid, dull, heavy, inactive, listless:

languet juventus, nec perinde atque debebat in laudis et gloriae cupiditate versatur,

Cic. Pis. 33, 82:

nec eam solitudinem languere patior,

to pass in idleness, to be wasted, id. Off. 3, 1, 3:

otio,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf.:

in otio hebescere et languere,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

si paululum modo vos languere viderint,

to be without energy, Sall. C. 52, 18:

languet amor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 436:

mihi gratia languet,

Sil. 17, 361.—Hence, languens, entis, P. a., faint, weak, feeble, inert, powerless, inactive, languid:

incitare languentes,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38; cf.: commovere languentem id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

nostris languentibus atque animo remissis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14: languenti stomacho esse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

irritamentum Veneris languentis,

Juv. 11, 167:

vox languens,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133:

cor,

Cat. 64, 97:

hyacinthus,

drooping, Verg. A. 11, 69; so,

ramus,

Suet. Aug. 92.

rĕ-languesco, gŭi, 3, v. inch. n., to sink down fainting; to grow languid or faint (class. but rare).

Lit.:

(soror) Imposito fratri moribunda relanguit ore,

Ov. M. 6, 291.—

Transf., of the wind, to sink, slacken, lull, abate, Sen. Q. N. 5, 8, 3.—

Of a star,

to grow dim, Plin. 37, 9, 51, § 134.—

Trop., to become enfeebled or relaxed, to relax: quod iis rebus relanguescere animos eorum et remitti virtutem existimarent, * Caes. B. G. 2, 15: quod autem relanguisse se dicit, that he has relaxed (in his enmity), * Cic. Att. 13, 41; cf.:

animo relanguit ardor,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 27:

ut taedio impetus relanguescat regis,

Liv. 35, 44 (relanguerat, v. l. for elanguerat, Tac. H. 1, 46):

si prima indignatio relanguescat,

id. ib. 1, 33.

torpĕo, ēre, v. n. [Sanscr. root tarp-, to sate; Gr. terpô], to be stiff, numb, motionless, inactive, torpid, sluggish, etc. (syn.: langueo, languesco, stupeo, rigeo).

Lit.:

torpentes gelu,

Liv. 21, 56, 7; 21, 55, 8; cf.:

digitus torpens frigore,

Suet. Aug. 80:

languidi et torpentes oculi,

Quint. 11, 3, 76:

torpentes rigore nervi,

Liv. 21, 58, 9:

membra torpent,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 168; cf.:

torpentes membrorum partes,

id. 24, 4, 7, § 13:

torpent infractae ad proelia vires,

Verg. A. 9, 499:

duroque simillima saxo Torpet,

Ov. M. 13, 541:

quid vetat et nervos magicas torpere per artes?

id. Am. 3, 7, 35:

serpentes torpentes inveniantur,

Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 148:

hostem habes aegre torpentia membra trahentem,

Sil. 4, 68:

non eadem vini atque cibi torpente palato Gaudia,

Juv. 10, 203; cf.:

non exacuet torpens sapor ille palatum,

Ov. P. 1, 10, 13.—

Transf., of inanim. things, to be still, motionless, sluggish:

torpentes lacus,

Stat. Th. 9, 452:

amnis,

id. ib. 4, 172:

locus depressus hieme pruinis torpet,

Col. 1, 4, 10:

Orpheus tacuit torpente lyrā,

Sen. Med. 348:

antra Musarum longo torpentia somno,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, praef. 51; 1, 262.—

Trop., to be stupid, stupefied, astounded; to be dull, listless, inactive (cf. stupeo):

timeo, totus torpeo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 179; cf.:

timore torpeo,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 50:

torpentibus metu qui aderant,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

deum volumus cessatione torpere,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 102:

quidnam torpentes subito obstupuistis Achivi? id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64: torpentes metu,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

defixis oculis animoque et corpore torpet?

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 14:

cum Pausiacā torpes tabellā,

when you are lost in admiration, id. S. 2, 7, 95:

nec torpere gravi passus sua regna veterno,

Verg. G. 1, 124:

frigere ac torpere senis consilia,

Liv. 6, 23, 7:

consilia re subitā,

id. 1, 41, 3:

torpebat vox spiritusque,

id. 1, 25, 4:

Tyrii desperatione torpebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 16:

rursus ad spem et fiduciam erigere torpentes,

id. 4, 10, 7; 4, 14, 13.