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1 Lanark
(Place names) Lanark /ˈlænək/ -
2 Lanark
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3 Lanark
1) Общая лексика: Ланарк, г. Ланарк2) География: Ланаркшир (графство Шотландии), (г.) Ланарк (обл. Стратклайд, Шотландия, Великобритания) -
4 Lanark
[`lænək]ЛанаркЛанарк (Шотландия)Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > Lanark
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5 Lanark
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6 Lanark
г. Ланарк (обл. Стратклайд, Шотландия, Великобритания); Ланаркшир (графство Шотландии)* * *Ланарк (Великобритания, Шотландия) -
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8 Lanark
[ʹlænək] n геогр.1. Ланарк; см. Lanarkshire2. г. Ланарк -
9 Lanark
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10 Lanark
['lænək]сущ.; геогр.а) Ланарк ( город в Шотландии)б) ист.; = Lanarkshire Ланарк(шир) ( бывшее графство Шотландии) -
11 Lanark
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12 Lanark
n геогр. Ланарк -
13 Lanarkshire
Lanark(shire) noun Ланарк(шир) -
14 Dale, David
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 6 January 1739 Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 17 March 1806 Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish developer of a large textile business in find around Glasgow, including the cotton-spinning mills at New Lanark.[br]David Dale, the son of a grocer, began his working life by herding cattle. His connection with the textile industry started when he was apprenticed to a Paisley weaver. After this he travelled the country buying home-spun linen yarns, which he sold in Glasgow. At about the age of 24 he settled in Glasgow as Clerk to a silk merchant. He then started a business importing fine yarns from France and Holland for weaving good-quality cloths such as cambrics. Dale was to become one of the pre-eminent yarn dealers in Scotland. In 1778 he acquired the first cotton-spinning mill built in Scotland by an English company at Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. In 1784 he met Richard Arkwright, who was touring Scotland, and together they visited the Falls of the Clyde near the town of Lanark. Arkwright immediately recognized the potential of the site for driving water-powered mills. Dale acquired part of the area from Lord Braxfield and in 1785 began to build his first mill there in partnership with Arkwright. The association with Arkwright soon ceased, however, and by c.1795 Dale had erected four mills. Because the location of the mills was remote, he built houses for the workers and then employed pauper children brought from the slums of Edinburgh and Glasgow; at one time there were over 400 of them. Dale's attitude to his workers was benevolent and humane. He tried to provide reasonable working conditions and the mills were well designed with a large workshop in which machinery was constructed. Dale was also a partner in mills at Catrine, Newton Stewart, Spinningdale in Sutherlandshire and some others. In 1785 he established the first Turkey red dye works in Scotland and was in partnership with George Macintosh, the father of Charles Macintosh. Dale manufactured cloth in Glasgow and from 1783 was Agent for the Royal Bank of Scotland, a lucrative position. In 1799 he was persuaded by Robert Owen to sell the New Lanark mills for £60,000 to a Manchester partnership which made Owen the Manager. Owen had married Dale's daughter, Anne Caroline, in 1799. Possibly due in part to poor health, Dale retired in 1800 to Rosebank near Glasgow, having made a large fortune. In 1770 he had withdrawn from the established Church of Scotland and founded a new one called the "Old Independents". He visited the various branches of this Church, as well as convicts in Bridewell prison, to preach. He was also a great benefactor to the poor in Glasgow. He had a taste for music and sang old Scottish songs with great gusto.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.R.Owen, 1857, The Life of Robert Owen, written by himself, London (mentions Dale).Through his association with New Lanark and Robert Owen, details about Dale may be found in J.Butt (ed.), 1971, Robert Owen, Prince of Cotton Spinners, Newton Abbot; S.Pollard and J.Salt (eds), 1971, Robert Owen, Prophet of the Poor: essays in honour of the two-hundredth anniversary of his birth, London.RLH -
15 Kelly, William
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1790s Lanark, Scotland[br]Scottish pioneer in attempts to make Crompton 's spinning mule work automatically.[br]William Kelly, a Larnack clockmaker, was Manager of David Dale's New Lanark cotton-spinning mills. He was writing to Boulton \& Watt in 1796 about the different ways in which he heated the mills and the New Institution. He must also have been responsible for supervising the millwrights' and mechanics' shops where much of the spinning machinery for the mills was constructed. At one time there were eighty-seven men employed in these shops alone. He devised a better method of connecting the water wheel to the line shafting which he reckoned would save a quarter of the water power required. Kelly may have been the first to apply power to the mule, for in 1790 he drove the spinning sequence from the line shafting, which operated the gear mechanism to turn the rollers and spindles as well as draw out the carriage. The winding on of the newly spun yarn still had to be done by hand. Then in 1792 he applied for a patent for a self-acting mule in which all the operations would be carried out by power. However, winding the yarn on in a conical form was a problem; he tried various ways of doing this, but abandoned his attempts because the mechanism was cumbersome and brought no economic advantage as only a comparatively small number of spindles could be operated. Even so, his semi-automatic mule became quite popular and was exported to America in 1803. Kelly was replaced as Manager at New Lanark by Robert Owen in 1800.[br]Bibliography1792, British patent no. 1,879 (semi-automatic mule).Further ReadingR.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (includes Kelly's own account of his development of the self-acting mule).H.Catling, 1970, The Spinning Mule, Newton Abbot (describes some of Kelly's mule mechanisms).J.Butt (ed.), 1971, Robert Owen, Prince of Cotton Spinners, Newton Abbot (provides more details about the New Lanark mills).RLH -
16 Owen, Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 14 May 1771 Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Walesd. 17 November 1858 Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales[br]Welsh cotton spinner and social reformer.[br]Robert Owen's father was also called Robert and was a saddler, ironmonger and postmaster of Newtown in Montgomeryshire. Robert, the younger, injured his digestion as a child by drinking some scalding hot "flummery", which affected him for the rest of his life. He developed a passion for reading and through this visited London when he was 10 years old. He started work as a pedlar for someone in Stamford and then went to a haberdasher's shop on old London Bridge in London. Although he found the work there too hard, he stayed in the same type of employment when he moved to Manchester.In Manchester Owen soon set up a partnership for making bonnet frames, employing forty workers, but he sold the business and bought a spinning machine. This led him in 1790 into another partnership, with James M'Connel and John Kennedy in a spinning mill, but he moved once again to become Manager of Peter Drink-water's mill. These were all involved in fine spinning, and Drinkwater employed 500 people in one of the best mills in the city. In spite of his youth, Owen claims in his autobiography (1857) that he mastered the job within six weeks and soon improved the spinning. This mill was one of the first to use Sea Island cotton from the West Indies. To have managed such an enterprise so well Owen must have had both managerial and technical ability. Through his spinning connections Owen visited Glasgow, where he met both David Dale and his daughter Anne Caroline, whom he married in 1799. It was this connection which brought him to Dale's New Lanark mills, which he persuaded Dale to sell to a Manchester consortium for £60,000. Owen took over the management of the mills on 1 January 1800. Although he had tried to carry out social reforms in the manner of working at Manchester, it was at New Lanark that Owen acquired fame for the way in which he improved both working and living conditions for the 1,500-strong workforce. He started by seeing that adequate food and groceries were available in that remote site and then built both the school and the New Institution for the Formation of Character, which opened in January 1816. To the pauper children from the Glasgow and Edinburgh slums he gave a good education, while he tried to help the rest of the workforce through activities at the Institution. The "silent monitors" hanging on the textile machines, showing the performance of their operatives, are famous, and many came to see his social experiments. Owen was soon to buy out his original partners for £84,000.Among his social reforms were his efforts to limit child labour in mills, resulting in the Factory Act of 1819. He attempted to establish an ideal community in the USA, to which he sailed in 1824. He was to return to his village of "Harmony" twice more, but broke his connection in 1828. The following year he finally withdrew from New Lanark, where some of his social reforms had been abandoned.[br]Bibliography1857, The Life of Robert Owen, Written by Himself, London.Further ReadingG.D.H.Cole, 1965, Life of Robert Owen (biography).J.Butt (ed.), 1971, Robert Owen, Prince of Cotton Spinners, Newton Abbot; S.Pollard and J.Salt (eds), 1971, Robert Owen, Prophet of the Poor. Essays in Honour of theTwo-Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth, London (both describe Owen's work at New Lanark).RLH -
17 Ланарк
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18 Ланаркшир
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Ланаркшир
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19 Lnrk.
abbreviationLanark (škotska grofija) -
20 Owen, Robert
(1771–1858) Gen MgtBritish industrialist, and social reformer. Owner of a factory at New Lanark that he ran on model lines, pioneering improved working and living conditions for his employees. Author of A New View of Society (1813).
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См. также в других словарях:
Lanark — LANARK, a burgh, market town, and parish, in the Upper ward of the county of Lanark; containing, with the villages of Cartland and New Lanark. 7679 inhabitants, of whom 4831 are within the burgh, 25 miles (S. E.) from Glasgow, and 32 (S. W. by … A Topographical dictionary of Scotland
Lanark — steht für: Lanark (Schottland), eine schottische Kleinstadt in der Grafschaft South Lanarkshire New Lanark, eine historische Arbeitersiedlung in der Nähe von Lanark, heute Weltkulturerbe Lanark County, ein Landkreis im Südosten von Ontario,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Lanark — Lanark, IL U.S. city in Illinois Population (2000): 1584 Housing Units (2000): 693 Land area (2000): 1.038187 sq. miles (2.688891 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.038187 sq. miles (2.688891 sq.… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Lanark, IL — U.S. city in Illinois Population (2000): 1584 Housing Units (2000): 693 Land area (2000): 1.038187 sq. miles (2.688891 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.038187 sq. miles (2.688891 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Lanark — Lanark, so v.w. Lanerk … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Lanark — (spr. lännark), Hauptstadt (royal burgh) von Lanarkshire (Schottland), in malerischer Lage am mittlern Clyde, der hier berühmte Wasserfälle bildet, mit mehreren modernen Kirchen (am ältesten die anglikanische Kirche von 1774), umfangreichem… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Lanark — (spr. lännĕrk), Clydesdale, Grafschaft in Südschottland, 2283 qkm, (1901) 1.339.289 E.; Steinkohlenlager, Eisen und Bleigruben, Eisenwerke u.a. Industrie (Mittelpunkt Glasgow). – Die Hauptstadt L., am Clyde, 5084 E.; nahebei das Dorf New L. mit… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Lanark — Lanark, Lanerk, schott. Grafschaft westl. von Edinburgh, an der Clyde, gebirgig und rauh, aber außerordentlich reich an Eisen, Blei und Steinkohlen, daher ist Bergbau und Metallindustrie ein Hauptgeschäft; auf 40 QM. leben 575000 E.; Hauptort ist … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Lanark — [lan′arkshir΄, lan′arkshərlan′ərk] former county of SC Scotland: also Lanarkshire [lan′arkshir΄, lan′arkshər] … English World dictionary
Lanark — infobox UK place country = Scotland official name= Lanark gaelic name= scots name= population= 8,253 (2001 Census) os grid reference= NS8843 latitude= 55.674903 longitude= 3.777019 unitary scotland= South Lanarkshire lieutenancy scotland=… … Wikipedia
Lanark — 55° 40′ 30″ N 3° 46′ 37″ W / 55.6749, 3.77702 … Wikipédia en Français
