-
1 ligula
lĭgŭla and lingŭla (v. infra), ae, f. dim. [from lingua:I.quamvis me ligulam dicant Equitesque Patresque, Dicor ab indoctis lingula grammaticis,
Mart. 14, 120 ], a little tongue; hence, transf.A tongue of land:II.oppida posita in extremis lingulis promontoriisque,
Caes. B. G. 3, 12.—The tongue of a shoe, a shoe-strap, shoe-latchet: lingula per diminutionem linguae dicta; alias a similitudine linguae exsertae, ut in calceis, alias insertae, id est intra dentes coërcitae, ut in tibiis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.:III.habet Trebius, propter quod rumpere somnum debeat et ligulas dimittere,
Juv. 5, 20; Mart. 2, 29, 7.—As a term of reproach:ligula, i in malam crucem,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 30.—A spoon or ladle for skimming a pot, a skimmer:B.isque (musteus fructus) saepius ligula purgandus est,
Col. 9, 5 fin. —For taking out and dropping aromatic essences:inde lingulis eligunt florem,
Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 84.—For preserves, Cato, R. R. 84.—As a measure, a spoonful:IV.duarum aut trium lingularum mensura,
Plin. 20, 5, 18, § 36.—A small sword, Naev. ap. Gell. 10, 25, 3; ct. Varr. L. L. 7, § 107 Müll.—V.The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 171; cf. under II. the passage cited from Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—VI.The pointed end of a post or stake, which was inserted into something, a tongue, tenon:VII.lingulae edolatae,
Col. 8, 11, 4.—The short arm of a lever, which is placed under the weight to be raised:VIII.si sub onus vectis lingula subjecta fuerit,
Vitr. 10, 8.—The tongueshaped extremity of a water-pipe, by which it is fitted into another, Vitr. 8, 7.—IX.The tongue of a scale-beam: examen est ligula et lignum, quod mediam hastam ad pondera adaequanda tenet, Schol. ad Pers. 1, 6.—X.A tongue-shaped member of the cuttle-fish:loliginum ligulas,
App. Mag. p. 297, 5. -
2 ligula
ligula ae, f [2 LIG-; confounded with lingula], a shoe-strap, shoe-latchet: ligulas dimittere, to leave untied, Iu.* * *shoe strap/tie; small spoon (Cal) -
3 Ligula intestinalis
GER RiemenbandwurmFRA ligule des intestins -
4 lingula
-
5 cumulo
I.In gen.A.Prop. (mostly post-Aug.;B.esp. in Curt. and Tac.): materiem,
Lucr. 1, 989:nubila,
id. 6, 191; 6, 518:stipites,
Curt. 6, 6:harenas,
id. 5, 1, 30:nivem,
id. 5, 4, 88:arma in ingentem acervum,
Liv. 45, 33, 1:pyram truncis nemorumque ruinā,
Stat. Th. 6, 85.—Trop.:II.benefacta,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 64:omnia principatūs vocabula,
Tac. H. 2, 80:honores in eam,
id. A. 13, 2:tantum honorum atque opum in me cumulasti,
id. ib. 14, 53;1, 21: propemodum saeculi res in illum unum diem fortuna cumulavit,
Curt. 4, 16, 10.—With special access. ideas (class.).A.To augment by heaping up, to increase, heap, amass, accumulate.1.With abl.:2.funus funere,
Lucr. 6, 1237 (cf. Liv. 26, 41, 8):aes alienum usuris,
id. 2, 23, 6:haec aliis nefariis cumulant atque adaugent,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 30; cf.:alio scelere hoc scelus,
id. Cat. 1, 6, 14:bellicam gloriam eloquentiā,
id. Off. 1, 32, 116.—Without abl.:B.invidiam,
Liv. 3, 12, 8:injurias,
id. 3, 37, 3:vitia,
Tac. Or. 28:accesserunt quae cumularent religiones animis,
Liv. 42, 20, 5.—To make full by heaping up, to fill full, fill, overload, etc.1.Lit.(α).With abl.:(β).locum strage semiruti muri,
Liv. 32, 17, 10:fossas corporibus,
Tac. H. 4, 20:viscera Thyesteis mensis,
Ov. M. 15, 462:cumulatae flore ministrae,
id. F. 4, 451:altaria donis,
Verg. A. 11, 50; cf.:aras honore, donis,
Liv. 8, 33, 21; Curt. 5, 1, 20; Val. Fl. 1, 204.—Without abl.:2.altos lacus fervida musta,
Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 72; cf.:cumulata ligula salis cocti,
a full spoon, spoonful, Col. 2, 21, 2.—Trop.(α).With abl.:* (β).non possum non confiteri cumulari me maximo gaudio, quod, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 1; cf.:ponebas cumulatum aliquem plurimis voluptatibus,
id. Fin. 2, 19, 63: nunc meum cor cumulatur irā, Caecil. ap. Cic. Cael. 16, 37:duplici dedecore cumulata domus,
Cic. Att. 12, 5, 1; cf.:orator omni laude cumulatus,
id. de Or. 1, 26, 118:tot honoribus cumulatus,
Tac. H. 3, 37:hoc vitio cumulata est Graecorum natio,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 18:neque tot adversis cumulant,
overwhelm, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 55.—With ex: (summum bonum) cumulatur ex integritate corporis et ex mentis ratione perfecta, is made complete, perfect, = completus, absolvitur, Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 40. —(γ).Absol.:A.ad cumulandum gaudium (meum) conspectum mihi tuum defuisse,
in order to make my joy full, complete, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 2; cf. under P. a., B. a.—Hence, cŭmŭlātus, a, um, P. a.(Acc. to II. A.) Increased, augmented:B.eādem mensurā reddere quā acceperis aut etiam cumulatiore,
Cic. Brut. 4, 15:gloria cumulatior,
Liv. 2, 47, 11; cf. id. 4, 60, 2.—(Acc. to II. B.) Filled full, full, complete, perfect.(α).Absol.:(β).tantum accessit ad amorem, ut mirarer locum fuisse augendi in eo, quod mihi jam pridem cumulatum etiam videbatur,
Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5:hoc sentire et facere perfectae cumulataeque virtutis (est),
id. Sest. 40, 86.— Poet.:veniam... cumulatam morte remittam, i. e. cumulate referam,
shall abundantly reward, Verg. A. 4, 436.—With gen.: ineptitudinis cumulatus, Caecil. ap. Non. p. 128, 15:scelerum cumulatissime,
Plaut. Aul. 5, 16.— Adv.: cŭmŭ-lātē, in rich abundance, abundantly, copiously (freq. in Cic.;elsewh. very rare),
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 42; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Att. 6, 3, 3 al.— Comp., Cic. Or. 17, 54.— Sup., Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1; 10, 29 init. -
6 examen
ex-āmen, ĭnis, n. [for ex-agmen, from ex and ago; cf. contamino and contagies, flamen and flagrare].I.A multitude issuing forth or flying out, a swarm. Primarily and class. of a swarm of bees:B.res rusticae laetae sunt tum pecudum pastu, apium examinibus, florum omnium varietate,
Cic. de Sen. 15 fin.; so,apium,
id. Off. 1, 44, 157; id. Div. 1, 33 fin.; Liv. 4, 33 et saep.; cf. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 29; Col. 9, 3 fin.; 9, 4 fin. et saep.; Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 23; Verg. G. 2, 452; 4, 21; 103 et saep.—Transf., a multitude, crowd, shoal, swarm (freq. only after the Aug. per.):II.locustarum,
Liv. 42, 10:piscium,
Plin. 31, 1, 1, § 2:pullorum (arboris),
Lucr. 5, 1364:juvenum,
Hor. C. 1, 35, 31:infantium,
Plin. Pan. 26, 1; cf. Just. 25, 2 fin.:vernarum,
Hor. Epod. 2, 65; cf.servorum,
Cic. Harusp. Resp. 12, 25:Graium vatum,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 284:stuprorum (i. e. feminarum stupratarum),
Prop. 2, 32, 41 (3, 30, 41 M.) et saep.—In late Lat. even of abstract things:malorum,
Arn. 2, p. 46: maerorum, id. fin.:aetatum,
Amm. 21, 5:dilationum,
id. 30, 4 et saep.—A means of examining; hence, the tongue of a balance (very rare): examen est ligula vel lignum, quod mediam hastam ad pondera adaequanda tenet, Schol. Pers. 1, 6; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 80, 14: Juppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances Sustinet, Verg. A. 12, 725; Cod. Theod. 12, 7, 1.—B.Trop., a weighing, consideration, examination:examenve improbum in illa Castiges trutina,
Pers. 1, 6:legum,
Ov. M. 9, 552; cf.vitae,
Stat. S. 3, 3, 203. -
7 lingua
lingua (ante-class. form dingua, like dagrima for lacrima, Mar. Victorin. p. 2457 and 2470 P.; cf. the letter D), ae, f. [Sanscr. jihvā; original Lat. form. dingua; A. -S. tunga; Germ. Zunge; Engl. tongue. Not from the root lih, lich, v. lingo], the tongue.I.Lit.:II.fac proserpentem bestiam me duplicem ut habeam linguam (of a kiss in which the tongues touched each other),
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 105:lingua haeret metu,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 7:in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149:linguā haesitantes,
id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:linguā properanti legere,
Ov. P. 3, 5, 9:linguā titubante loqui,
id. Tr. 3, 1, 21:quo facilius verba ore libero exprimeret, calculos lingua volvens dicere domi solebat (Demosthenes),
Quint. 11, 3, 54: linguam exserere, to thrust out the tongue, in token of derision or contempt, Liv. 7, 10: so,lingua ejecta,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266:lingua minor,
the epiglottis, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 175.—Comically, as mock term of endearment:hujus voluptas, te opsecro, hujus mel, hujus cor, hujus labellum, hujus lingua,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 178; cf. v. 175.—In mal. part.: homo malae linguae, a fellow with a bad tongue, i. q. fellator, Mart. 3, 80, 2; Min. Fel. Oct. 28.—Transf.A.Since the tongue is an organ of speech, a tongue, utterance, speech, language:2.largus opum, lingua melior,
Verg. A. 11, 338:facilem benevolumque lingua tua jam tibi me reddidit,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:non tu tibi istam praetruncari linguam largiloquam jubes?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 47:Latium beare divite linguā,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:lingua quasi flabello seditionis contionem ventilare,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54:linguam continere,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:tenere,
Ov. F. 2, 602:moderari,
Sall. J. 84:linguae solutio,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:linguam solvere ad jurgia,
Ov. M. 3, 261:quidam operarii linguā celeri et exercitatā,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 83:ut vitemus linguas hominum,
id. Fam. 9, 2, 2:Aetolorum linguas retundere,
to check their tongues, bring them to silence, Liv. 33, 3; cf.:claudente noxarum conscientiā linguam,
Amm. 16, 12, 61:si mihi lingua foret,
Ov. H. 21, 205:ne vati noceat mala lingua futuro,
Verg. E. 7, 28: favete linguis, i. e. give attention, " be silent that you may hear," Hor. C. 3, 1, 2; Ov. F. 1, 71:linguis animisque faventes,
Juv. 12, 83:nam lingua mali pars pessima servi,
id. 9, 121:mercedem imponere linguae,
i. e. to speak for pay, id. 7, 149:usum linguae reciperare,
Amm. 17, 12, 10:linguā debili esse,
to stammer, Gell. 1, 12, 2.—Comically: os habeat, linguam, perfidiam, tongue, i. e. readiness in speech, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 33. —The tongue or language of a people:b.lingua Latina, Graeca,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:Graeca et Latina lingua,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:(Massilia) tam procul a Graecorum regionibus, disciplinis linguāque divisa,
Cic. Fl. 26, 63:quod quidem Latina lingua sic observat, ut, etc.,
id. Or. 44, 150:Gallicae linguae scientiam habere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 47:qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli, appellantur,
id. ib. 1, 1:dissimili linguā,
Sall. C. 6, 2:linguā utrāque,
i. e. Greek and Latin, Hor. S. 1, 10, 23; so, auctores utriusque linguae, Quint. prooem. 1;1, 1, 14: Mithridates, cui duas et viginti linguas notas fuisse,
id. 11, 2, 50:haud rudis Graecae linguae,
Curt. 5, 11, 4; 5, 4, 4; Nep. Milt. 3, 2:Syrus in Tiberim Orontes et linguam et mores vexit,
Juv. 3, 63.—Dialect, idiom, mode of speech (post-Aug.): illis non verborum modo, sed. linguarum etiam se inter differentium copia est. Quint. 12, 10, 34:3.Crassus quinque Graeci sermonis differentias sic tenuit, ut, qua quisque apud eum linguā postulasset, eadem jus sibi redditum ferret,
id. 11, 2, 50:utar enim historicā linguā,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 13, 3:si philosophorum linguā uti voluissem,
id. ib. 2, 2, 4.—Poet. of animals. the voice, note, song, bark, etc.:4. B.linguae volucrum,
Verg. A. 3, 361; 10, 177:linguam praecludere (canis),
Phaedr. 1, 22, 5.—Of tongue-shaped things.1.A plant, also called lingulaca, Plin. 24, 19, 108, § 170.—2.Lingua bubula, a plant, oxtongue, bugloss, Cato, R. R. 40; Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 112.—3.Lingua canina, Cels. 5, 27, 18 init.;4.and lingua canis,
App. Herb. 96, the plant hound's-tongue, also called cynoglossos; q. v.—A tongue of land: id promontorium, Cujus lingua in altum proicit, Pac. ap. Gell. 4, 17 fin.:5.lingua in altum mille passuum excurrens,
Liv. 37, 31, 9; Weissenb. ad Liv. 25, 15, 12:eminet in altum lingua, in qua urbs sita est,
Liv. 44, 11:tenuem producit in aequora linguam,
Luc. 2, 614; cf.: lingua dicitur promontorii genus non excellentis sed molliter in planum devexi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—A spoonful, as a measure, Plin. 26, 11, 73, § 119 (al. lingulis).—6.The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 84.—7.The short arm of a lever:vectis lingua sub onus subdita,
Vitr. 10, 8 (cf. ligula, VII.). -
8 lingula
lingŭla, v. ligula. -
9 N
N, n, had its full, pure sound only when it began a syllable; in the middle or at the end of a word it was weakened. Hence the remark of Priscian (p. 556 P.): n quoque plenior in primis sonat, et in ultimis partibus syllabarum, ut nomen, stamen; exilior in mediis, ut amnis, damnum, is not accurate, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 248 sq. Between two vowels, the single n frequently takes the place, in MSS. and inscriptions, of double n; thus: Pescenius, Porsena, conubium, conecto, conitor, coniveo. The n of con- for com- often falls away before h; as: cohaerere, coheres, cohibere, cohors; and before j; as: coicere, cojux or cojunx, cosul, etc. In very late Latin, n was frequently dropped before s in the participial ending -ans, -ens, and before st, scr, or simple s in composition. In the earlier language this occurs in the ending -iens; as: quoties, toties, vicies, for quotiens, etc.; and in a few other instances, as castresis for castrensis; formosus for the older form formonsus; and in inscriptions, meses for menses, tösor for tonsor, etc.; cf. also, quăsi for quansi (quam si). Before the guttural letters a medial n receives the sound of Greek g before gutturals, wherefore, in early times, viz., by Attius, we have also g written for n: Agchises, agceps, aggulus, aggens, agguilla, iggerunt, etc., Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 556 P. (cf. Varr. L. L. p. 264 Müll.); cf. Mar. Victor. p. 2462 and 2465 P.; hence called n adulterinum by Nigid. ap. Gell. 19, 14, 7.Assimilation commonly takes place before l, m, and r: illabor, immitto, irrumpo (v. in), yet is often neglected; before the labials, n is commonly changed into m: imberbis, imbutus; impar, impleo; and before initial m the preposition in is frequently written im, v. Prol. Verg. p. 433 Rib.The letter n is frequently inserted, particularly before s: me n sis, e n sis, ansa; Megalesia and Megalensia, frons and frus. Less freq. before other consonants: tu n do, ju n go, mi n go, pu n go, etc.; cf. also: lanterna and laterna, ligula and lingula. Sometimes n is inserted with a vowel: fru-niscor from fruor, and perh. fenestra from festra. The double forms, alioquin and alioqui, ceteroqui and ceteroquin, seem to rest on purely phonetic grounds, v. h. vv.As an abbreviation, N usually stands for natus, nefastus dies, nepos, nomine, novum, the praenomen Numerius, numero, numine.—N = natione, natus, nostri, nostro, etc., numerus, numero, etc. N. D. N. = numini domini nostri. N. L. = non liquet (v. liqueo). N. M. V. = nobilis memoriae vir. NN. BB. = nobilissimi. NP. = nefastus prior. NVM. = nummum. In poetry, n alone sometimes stands for the enclitic ne, even before a consonant:nostin quae sit?
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 58; Verg. A. 3, 319; 12, 797 al. -
10 n
N, n, had its full, pure sound only when it began a syllable; in the middle or at the end of a word it was weakened. Hence the remark of Priscian (p. 556 P.): n quoque plenior in primis sonat, et in ultimis partibus syllabarum, ut nomen, stamen; exilior in mediis, ut amnis, damnum, is not accurate, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 248 sq. Between two vowels, the single n frequently takes the place, in MSS. and inscriptions, of double n; thus: Pescenius, Porsena, conubium, conecto, conitor, coniveo. The n of con- for com- often falls away before h; as: cohaerere, coheres, cohibere, cohors; and before j; as: coicere, cojux or cojunx, cosul, etc. In very late Latin, n was frequently dropped before s in the participial ending -ans, -ens, and before st, scr, or simple s in composition. In the earlier language this occurs in the ending -iens; as: quoties, toties, vicies, for quotiens, etc.; and in a few other instances, as castresis for castrensis; formosus for the older form formonsus; and in inscriptions, meses for menses, tösor for tonsor, etc.; cf. also, quăsi for quansi (quam si). Before the guttural letters a medial n receives the sound of Greek g before gutturals, wherefore, in early times, viz., by Attius, we have also g written for n: Agchises, agceps, aggulus, aggens, agguilla, iggerunt, etc., Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 556 P. (cf. Varr. L. L. p. 264 Müll.); cf. Mar. Victor. p. 2462 and 2465 P.; hence called n adulterinum by Nigid. ap. Gell. 19, 14, 7.Assimilation commonly takes place before l, m, and r: illabor, immitto, irrumpo (v. in), yet is often neglected; before the labials, n is commonly changed into m: imberbis, imbutus; impar, impleo; and before initial m the preposition in is frequently written im, v. Prol. Verg. p. 433 Rib.The letter n is frequently inserted, particularly before s: me n sis, e n sis, ansa; Megalesia and Megalensia, frons and frus. Less freq. before other consonants: tu n do, ju n go, mi n go, pu n go, etc.; cf. also: lanterna and laterna, ligula and lingula. Sometimes n is inserted with a vowel: fru-niscor from fruor, and perh. fenestra from festra. The double forms, alioquin and alioqui, ceteroqui and ceteroquin, seem to rest on purely phonetic grounds, v. h. vv.As an abbreviation, N usually stands for natus, nefastus dies, nepos, nomine, novum, the praenomen Numerius, numero, numine.—N = natione, natus, nostri, nostro, etc., numerus, numero, etc. N. D. N. = numini domini nostri. N. L. = non liquet (v. liqueo). N. M. V. = nobilis memoriae vir. NN. BB. = nobilissimi. NP. = nefastus prior. NVM. = nummum. In poetry, n alone sometimes stands for the enclitic ne, even before a consonant:nostin quae sit?
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 58; Verg. A. 3, 319; 12, 797 al.
См. также в других словарях:
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