juventus

fŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [furiae], to drive mad, to madden, enrage, infuriate ( poet.):

flagrans amor et libido, Quae solet matres furiare equorum,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 14:

pubem,

Sil. 14, 280:

matres armatas (i. e. Bacchantes),

Stat. Th. 11, 488:

mentes in iram,

Sil. 17, 294.—Hence, P. a.: fŭrĭā-tus, a, um, enraged, maddened (syn. v. furialis):

furiata mens,

Verg. A. 2, 407; 588:

mentes malis incursibus furiatae,

Lact. 4, 27, 2:

sacerdos,

Stat. Th. 2, 21:

furiata juventus,

Sil. 7, 617:

furiati ignes (amoris),

i. e. fierce, wild, Ov. F. 2, 761 (al. furiales); cf. Sil. 13, 209.

fŭrĭo, īre, v. n. [id.], to be mad, to rage (late Lat. for furere):

ut furiat,

Sid. Carm. 22, 94.

horrĭdus, a, um, adj. [horreo], standing on end, sticking out, rough, shaggy, bristly, prickly:

non hac barbula, qua ista delectatur, sed illa horrida, quam in statuis antiquis et imaginibus videmus,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

caesaries,

Ov. M. 10, 139:

pluma,

id. Am. 2, 6, 5:

apes horridi pili,

Col. 9, 3, 1; cf.:

apes horridae aspectu,

Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 59:

sus,

Verg. G. 4, 407; cf.:

videar tibi amarior herbis, Horridior rusco,

id. E. 7, 42:

densis hastilibus horrida myrtus,

id. A. 3, 23; cf.:

arbor spinis,

Plin. 12, 15, 34, § 67:

horrida siccae silva comae,

Juv. 9, 12. —

Transf., in gen., rough, rude, rugged, wild, savage, horrid.

Lit.:

horrida signis chlamys,

Val. Fl. 5, 558 (for which:

aspera signis pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

membra videres Horrida paedore,

Lucr. 6, 1269:

pecudis jecur horridum et exile,

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30:

horrida villosa corpora veste tegant,

Tib. 2, 3, 75:

pastor,

Ov. M. 1, 514:

Ilia cultu,

id. Am. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

Acestes in jaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae,

Verg. A. 5, 37:

Silvanus,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 22: Africa terribili tremit horrida terra tumultu, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 153 Müll. (Ann. v. 311 Vahl.); cf.:

Aetnensis ager et campus Leontinus sic erat deformis atque horridus, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47 fin.:

horridior locus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 83:

silva fuit, late dumis atque ilice nigra Horrida,

Verg. A. 9, 382:

sedes Taenari,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10:

argumenta, velut horrida et confragosa, vitantes,

Quint. 5, 8, 1:

inde senilis Hiems tremulo venit horrida passu,

Ov. M. 15, 212; cf.:

cum Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

Verg. A. 9, 670:

bruma,

id. G. 3, 442:

December,

Mart. 7, 36, 5:

stiria,

Verg. G. 3, 366:

grando,

id. ib. 1, 449:

tempestas,

Hor. Epod. 13, 1; Varr. ap. Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 349:

fluctus,

Hor. Epod. 10, 3; cf.:

aequora,

id. C. 3, 24, 40.— Poet.: si premerem ventosas horridus Alpes, qs. enveloped in horror, shuddering, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 19.—Of taste:

sapor,

harsh, raw, Plin. 34, 13, 33, § 129; cf. id. 13, 4, 9, § 43:

ruta silvestris horrida ad effectum est,

id. 20, 13, 61, § 131: (litterae) succedunt tristes et horridae... in hoc ipso frangit multo fit horridior (littera sexta nostrarum), Quint. 12, 10, 28 sq. —

Esp., with dishevelled hair:

si magna Asturici cecidit domus, horrida mater,

Juv. 3, 212:

paelex,

id. 2, 57.—

Trop.

Rough in character or manners, rude, blunt, stern, unpolished, uncouth:

huncine hominem te amplexari tam horridum,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 41:

ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

vir paulo horridior et durior,

Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 5: spernitur orator bonus, horridus miles amatur, Enn. ap. Cic. Mur. 14, 30 (Ann. v. 273 Vahl.):

non ille, quamquam Socraticis madet Sermonibus, te negliget horridus,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 10:

fidens juventus horrida bracchiis,

id. ib. 3, 4, 50:

Germania,

id. ib. 4, 5, 26:

gens,

Verg. A. 7, 746:

horridus irā (Boreas), etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 685:

vita,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

virtus,

Sil. 11, 205; Stat. Th. 5, 172:

aspera, tristi, horrida oratione,

Cic. Or. 5, 20; cf.:

horridiora verba,

id. Brut. 17, 68:

sermo,

Quint. 9, 4, 3:

quaedam genera dicendi horridiora,

id. 12, 10, 10:

numerus Saturnius,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 157:

ita de horridis rebus nitida est oratio tua,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 51:

(antiquorum imitatores) fient horridi atque jejuni,

Quint. 2, 5, 21.—

With the predominating idea of an effect produced, causing tremor or horror, terrible, frightful, horrid (rare, and mostly poet. for the class. horribilis): horridiore aspectu esse, * Caes. B. G. 5, 14, 2; cf. in a Greek construction with an inf.:

et desit si larga Ceres, tunc horrida cerni,

Luc. 3, 347:

turba horrida aspici,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 19:

vis horrida teli,

Lucr. 3, 170:

acies,

Verg. A. 10, 408:

castra,

id. E. 10, 23:

proelia,

id. G. 2, 282:

arma,

Ov. M. 1, 126:

virga (mortis),

Hor. C. 1, 24, 16:

fata,

Verg. A. 11, 96:

jussa,

id. ib. 4, 378:

paupertas,

Lucr. 6, 1282:

aquilae ac signa, pulverulenta illa et cuspidibus horrida,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23.— Hence, adv.: horrĭdē (acc. to II. B.), roughly, savagely, severely, sternly:

vixit semper inculte atque horride,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

horride inculteque dicere,

id. Or. 9, 28; cf. Quint. 10, 2, 17:

ornamentis utetur horridius,

Cic. Or. 25, 86: alloqui mitius aut horridius. Tac. H. 1, 82.

immensus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [inmensus], immeasurable, boundless, endless, vast, immense (freq. and class.; syn.: infinitus, ingens, interminatus).

Adj.

Lit.:

si immensam et interminatam in omnes partes magnitudinem regionum videretis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54:

aëra deum statuit eumque gigni esseque immensum et infinitum,

id. ib. 1, 10, 26:

ex ingenti quodam oratorem immensoque campo in exiguum sane gyrum compellitis,

id. de Or. 3, 19, 70:

in mari immenso vehi,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:

domus,

Ov. F. 6, 640:

mons,

Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 96:

via,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 78:

fines ingenii,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214:

series laborum,

Ov. H. 9, 5:

jacuitque per antrum Immensus,

Verg. A. 3, 632; cf.:

omnis eorum juventus infinita numero, immensa corporibus,

Vell. 2, 106, 1:

argenti pondus et auri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17; Hor. S. 1, 1, 41: pretiis [p. 892] emere, Suet. Calig. 39:

observata sunt haec tempore immenso,

Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

nox,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 25.—

Trop., vast, measureless, boundless:

morae,

Ov. H. 1, 82:

fletus,

id. M. 10, 136:

immensa vorago aut gurges vitiorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

immensae, infinitae, immoderatae cupiditates,

Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34:

sitis cruoris,

Ov. M. 13, 768:

difficultas,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 4:

differentia,

id. 36, 5, 4, § 20: fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore, fathomless (the fig. being taken from a river), Hor. C. 4, 2, 7:

immensum est, erratas dicere terras,

there is no end of recounting, Ov. F. 4, 573; cf.:

quod persequi immensum est,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 102.— Sup. (very rare):

immensissimae voluptates,

Spart. Hadr. 19.—

Subst.: immensum, i, n., a boundless extent, immense size, boundlessness, immensity (rare;

not in Cic.): extra Processit longe flammantia moenia mundi, Atque omne immensum peragravit mente animoque,

Lucr. 1, 74; cf. id. 1, 957:

loci,

Liv. 5, 37, 5:

per immensum ventis discordibus actus,

Ov. M. 4, 620:

proruta per immensum aedificia,

over a vast extent, Tac. A. 15, 40:

aliquid mercari immenso,

at an enormous price, Plin. 9, 40, 64, § 138:

mons saxeus in immensum editus,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

ardet in immensum geminatis ignibus Aetne,

Ov. M. 2, 220:

ad immensum aliquid augere,

Liv. 29, 25, 3:

aliquid immenso plus laudare,

immoderately, Plin. 20, 9, 36, § 92. —

Adv.: immensum, without end, exceedingly, immensely (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

creverat immensum,

Ov. F. 5, 537:

immensum attolli,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

vigere,

id. ib. 3, 30:

luxus immensum proruperat,

id. ib. 3, 52:

immensum quantum hinc Oceano, illinc Hiberico mari conprimentibus,

exceedingly, Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110; 16, 36, 66, § 172.

immensus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [inmensus], immeasurable, boundless, endless, vast, immense (freq. and class.; syn.: infinitus, ingens, interminatus).

Adj.

Lit.:

si immensam et interminatam in omnes partes magnitudinem regionum videretis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54:

aëra deum statuit eumque gigni esseque immensum et infinitum,

id. ib. 1, 10, 26:

ex ingenti quodam oratorem immensoque campo in exiguum sane gyrum compellitis,

id. de Or. 3, 19, 70:

in mari immenso vehi,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:

domus,

Ov. F. 6, 640:

mons,

Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 96:

via,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 78:

fines ingenii,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214:

series laborum,

Ov. H. 9, 5:

jacuitque per antrum Immensus,

Verg. A. 3, 632; cf.:

omnis eorum juventus infinita numero, immensa corporibus,

Vell. 2, 106, 1:

argenti pondus et auri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17; Hor. S. 1, 1, 41: pretiis [p. 892] emere, Suet. Calig. 39:

observata sunt haec tempore immenso,

Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

nox,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 25.—

Trop., vast, measureless, boundless:

morae,

Ov. H. 1, 82:

fletus,

id. M. 10, 136:

immensa vorago aut gurges vitiorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

immensae, infinitae, immoderatae cupiditates,

Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34:

sitis cruoris,

Ov. M. 13, 768:

difficultas,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 4:

differentia,

id. 36, 5, 4, § 20: fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore, fathomless (the fig. being taken from a river), Hor. C. 4, 2, 7:

immensum est, erratas dicere terras,

there is no end of recounting, Ov. F. 4, 573; cf.:

quod persequi immensum est,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 102.— Sup. (very rare):

immensissimae voluptates,

Spart. Hadr. 19.—

Subst.: immensum, i, n., a boundless extent, immense size, boundlessness, immensity (rare;

not in Cic.): extra Processit longe flammantia moenia mundi, Atque omne immensum peragravit mente animoque,

Lucr. 1, 74; cf. id. 1, 957:

loci,

Liv. 5, 37, 5:

per immensum ventis discordibus actus,

Ov. M. 4, 620:

proruta per immensum aedificia,

over a vast extent, Tac. A. 15, 40:

aliquid mercari immenso,

at an enormous price, Plin. 9, 40, 64, § 138:

mons saxeus in immensum editus,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

ardet in immensum geminatis ignibus Aetne,

Ov. M. 2, 220:

ad immensum aliquid augere,

Liv. 29, 25, 3:

aliquid immenso plus laudare,

immoderately, Plin. 20, 9, 36, § 92. —

Adv.: immensum, without end, exceedingly, immensely (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

creverat immensum,

Ov. F. 5, 537:

immensum attolli,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

vigere,

id. ib. 3, 30:

luxus immensum proruperat,

id. ib. 3, 52:

immensum quantum hinc Oceano, illinc Hiberico mari conprimentibus,

exceedingly, Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110; 16, 36, 66, § 172.

incĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3 (archaic incepsit inceperit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 107 Müll.), v. a. and n. [in-capio; lit., to seize upon, lay hold of; opp. to desinere; hence, with the accessory idea of action), to begin to do something, to take in hand (syn. incoho; in class. prose, viz. in Cic., only in the tempp. press., while coepi is used in the tempp. perff.); constr. usually with the inf., less freq. absol., with the acc., ab, or adv. of place or time.

With inf.:

ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant vel certe timere desistant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

huic incipio sententiae diffidere,

id. ib. 5, 1, 3:

prius quam incipit tinnire,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 42:

bella gerere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

leges neglegere,

id. Rep. 1, 43 fin.:

queri cum multis incipiunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:

nimis cito diligere,

id. Lael. 21, 78:

amare aliquem,

id. ib. 16, 60:

fossas complere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 51, 4:

rem frumentariam expedire,

id. B. C. 1, 54, 4:

triplicem aciem ducere,

id. ib. 1, 64, 7;

2, 30, 1: cum maturescere frumenta inciperent,

id. ib. 6, 29, 4; cf. id. ib. 3, 49, 1:

cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet,

id. B. G. 2, 2, 2; cf.:

ictus erat, qua crus esse incipit,

Ov. M. 6, 255; 8, 474; 15, 256:

opes pellere dominatione,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 3:

si res explicare incipiam,

Nep. Pelop. 1:

Bessus agere gratias incipit,

Curt. 5, 12, 1:

cenare,

Suet. Aug. 74:

promovere scalas,

Tac. A. 15, 4 fin.:

si dormire incipis ortu luciferi,

Juv. 8, 11:

male quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id efficere perpetrat, etc.... Si bene facere incepit, etc. (shortly afterward, occeperunt),

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12 and 14:

satis nequam sum, utpote qui hodie inceperim Amare,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 5.—

Absol.:

ut incipiendi ratio fuerit, ita sit desinendi modus,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 135; cf. Plin. Ep. 9, 4, 1; Sen. Ep. 116:

dum incipimus,

Quint. 11, 3, 144:

dum deliberamus, quando incipiendum sit, incipere jam serum est,

id. 12, 6, 3:

in incipiendo, etc.,

id. 11, 1, 6: ac statim sic rex incipit, thus begins (to speak), Sall. J. 109 fin.; cf.:

nec sic incipies, ut scriptor cyclicus olim: Fortunam Priami, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 136:

sic incipit, with a foll. direct quotation,

id. S. 2, 6, 79; Ov. M. 9, 281;

and simply incipit,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

sapere aude, Incipe,

make a beginning, begin, id. Ep. 1, 2, 41; Juv. 4, 34:

priusquam incipias, consulto opus est,

Sall. C. 1, 6:

turpe inceptu est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16:

incipientes atque adhuc teneri (pueri),

who are beginning to learn, beginners, Quint. 1, 2, 26:

incipiens,

id. 2, 5, 18; 2, 6, 5; 8 prooem. § 1; 3;

10, 7, 18: quoties madidum ver incipit,

Juv. 9, 52 al. —

With acc. (once in Cic., once in Cæs., v. infra):

facinus audax incipit,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 1:

facinus,

Sall. C. 20, 3:

pugilatum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13:

iter,

id. Cas. 4, 4, 2:

aliquid novi negotii,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 29:

bellum (opp. deponere),

Sall. J. 83, 1:

tam prava,

id. ib. 64, 2:

indigna nobis,

id. H. 2, 41, 8:

opus,

Liv. 7, 34, 13:

bellum,

id. 21, 21, 6; 26, 37, 9; 42, 43, 3:

sementem,

Verg. G. 1, 230:

Maenalios versus,

id. E. 8, 21:

si id facere non potueris, quod, ut opinio mea fert, ne incipies quidem,

Cic. Planc. 19, 48; Quint. 1, 12, 5:

iter mihi incepi,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 16:

tantum incepi operis,

id. Men. 2, 3, 80:

mandata,

Tac. A. 12, 10; 4, 46:

auspicia a parricidio,

Just. 26, 2 init.: multa, Cat. ap. Gell. 16, 14, 2.— Pass.:

tanta incepta res est,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 31:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17; 3, 3, 7:

si inceptam oppugnationem reliquissent,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 6:

quia dici extremum erat, proelium non inceptum,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

proelium incipitur,

id. ib. 57, 3;

74, 2: saxis proelium incipitur,

Tac. H. 5, 17:

satis cito incipi victoriam,

id. ib. 2, 25; id. A. 2, 5; 2, 76; 12, 67 fin.:

iter inceptum celerant,

Verg. A. 8, 90:

inceptumque decurre laborem,

id. G. 2, 39:

inceptum frustra summitte furorem,

id. A. 12, 832:

deus me vetat Inceptos iambos Ad umbilicum adducere,

Hor. Epod. 14, 7:

in re incipiunda ad defendendam noxiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

in contentionibus aut incipiendis aut finiendis,

Quint. 11, 3, 128:

a tantis princeps incipiendus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 570.—

With ab or an adv. of place or time:

a Jove incipiendum putat,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36 (acc. to the Gr. of Aratus, ek Dios archômestha):

ab illis incipit uxor,

Juv. 6, 348; Quint. 10, 1, 46:

incipiamus ab iis,

id. 9, 2, 6:

semper ab excusatione aetatis incipientem,

id. 6, 3, 76:

potissimum incipiam ab ea parte,

id. 3, 7, 1:

optime manus a sinistra parte incipit, in dextra deponitur,

id. 11, 3, 106:

amicitia incepta a parvis cum aetate accrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7.— Pass. impers.:

optime incipitur a longis, recte aliquando a brevibus,

Quint. 9, 4, 92.

Neutr., to begin to be, to begin, commence (rare but class.); constr. with abl. instrum., or absol.

With abl.:

tertius sinus Acrocerauniis incipit montibus,

Plin. 4, 1, 1, § 1:

censere ut principium anni inciperet mense Decembri,

Tac. A. 13, 10:

verbum petere quo incipiant,

Quint. 10, 7, 21.—

Absol.:

cum ver esse coeperat... cum rosam viderat, tum incipere ver arbitrabatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27:

quoties incipit sensus aut desinit,

Quint. 9, 4, 67:

hic annus incipit vicesimus,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 3:

narrationis incipit mihi initium,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 26:

jam tum inceperat turba inter eos,

id. Eun. 4, 4, 58:

tempus erat quo prima quies mortalibus aegris Incipit,

Verg. A. 2, 269:

mox Idumaea incipit et Palaestina,

Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68:

epistula, quam incipiente febricula scripseras,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2:

incipientes curas principis onerari,

Tac. A. 1, 19:

incipiens adhuc et nondum adulta seditio,

id. H. 1, 31:

incipiens omnia sentit amor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 648:

Menander Syracusanus incipientis juventae,

Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 14:

incipiente aestate,

id. 27, 13, 109, § 133:

trixago incipientibus hydropicis efficax,

id. 24, 15, 80, § 131:

quem (honorem) et incipientes principes et desinentes adeo concupis cunt ut auferant,

Plin. Pan. 57.—Hence, in-ceptum, i, n., a beginning, attempt, undertaking (freq. in historians and poets, but not in Cæs.;

also rare in Cic.): cujus ego non modo factum, sed inceptum ullum conatumve contra patriam deprehendero,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

servetur ad imum, Qualis ab incepto processerit (persona),

from the beginning onwards, Hor. A. P. 127: permanere in incepto, Luccei. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14 fin.:

a quo incepto studioque me ambitio mala detinuerat,

Sall. C. 4, 2:

cujus neque consilium neque inceptum ullum frustra erat,

id. J. 7, 6; cf.:

ni ea res longius nos ab incepto traheret,

the subject, id. ib. 7 fin.:

absistere incepto,

Liv. 31, 26, 5:

desistere incepto,

Verg. A. 1, 37:

haerere in incepto,

id. ib. 2, 654:

peragere inceptum,

id. ib. 4, 452; cf.:

perficere inceptum,

Sall. J. 11 fin.:

piget incepti,

Verg. A. 5, 678:

nunc ad inceptum redeo,

Sall. J. 4, 9; 42, 5:

turpe inceptum est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 16.— In plur.:

cupidus incepta patrandi,

Sall. J. 70, 5:

juventus Catilinae inceptis favebat,

id. C. 17, 6:

incepta mea inpedivit,

id. H. 4, 61, 12; cf.:

inceptis annue, diva, meis,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 56; and:

di nostra incepta secundent,

Verg. A. 7, 259:

gravia et magna professa,

Hor. A. P. 14.

immensus ( inm-), a, um, adj. [inmensus], immeasurable, boundless, endless, vast, immense (freq. and class.; syn.: infinitus, ingens, interminatus).

Adj.

Lit.:

si immensam et interminatam in omnes partes magnitudinem regionum videretis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54:

aëra deum statuit eumque gigni esseque immensum et infinitum,

id. ib. 1, 10, 26:

ex ingenti quodam oratorem immensoque campo in exiguum sane gyrum compellitis,

id. de Or. 3, 19, 70:

in mari immenso vehi,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:

domus,

Ov. F. 6, 640:

mons,

Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 96:

via,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 78:

fines ingenii,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214:

series laborum,

Ov. H. 9, 5:

jacuitque per antrum Immensus,

Verg. A. 3, 632; cf.:

omnis eorum juventus infinita numero, immensa corporibus,

Vell. 2, 106, 1:

argenti pondus et auri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17; Hor. S. 1, 1, 41: pretiis [p. 892] emere, Suet. Calig. 39:

observata sunt haec tempore immenso,

Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

nox,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 25.—

Trop., vast, measureless, boundless:

morae,

Ov. H. 1, 82:

fletus,

id. M. 10, 136:

immensa vorago aut gurges vitiorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

immensae, infinitae, immoderatae cupiditates,

Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34:

sitis cruoris,

Ov. M. 13, 768:

difficultas,

Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 4:

differentia,

id. 36, 5, 4, § 20: fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore, fathomless (the fig. being taken from a river), Hor. C. 4, 2, 7:

immensum est, erratas dicere terras,

there is no end of recounting, Ov. F. 4, 573; cf.:

quod persequi immensum est,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 102.— Sup. (very rare):

immensissimae voluptates,

Spart. Hadr. 19.—

Subst.: immensum, i, n., a boundless extent, immense size, boundlessness, immensity (rare;

not in Cic.): extra Processit longe flammantia moenia mundi, Atque omne immensum peragravit mente animoque,

Lucr. 1, 74; cf. id. 1, 957:

loci,

Liv. 5, 37, 5:

per immensum ventis discordibus actus,

Ov. M. 4, 620:

proruta per immensum aedificia,

over a vast extent, Tac. A. 15, 40:

aliquid mercari immenso,

at an enormous price, Plin. 9, 40, 64, § 138:

mons saxeus in immensum editus,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

ardet in immensum geminatis ignibus Aetne,

Ov. M. 2, 220:

ad immensum aliquid augere,

Liv. 29, 25, 3:

aliquid immenso plus laudare,

immoderately, Plin. 20, 9, 36, § 92. —

Adv.: immensum, without end, exceedingly, immensely (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

creverat immensum,

Ov. F. 5, 537:

immensum attolli,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

vigere,

id. ib. 3, 30:

luxus immensum proruperat,

id. ib. 3, 52:

immensum quantum hinc Oceano, illinc Hiberico mari conprimentibus,

exceedingly, Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 110; 16, 36, 66, § 172.

in-somnis, e, adj. [2. in-somnus], sleepless ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of living beings, Hor. C. 3, 7, 8:

juventus,

Pers. 3, 54:

insomnes magis, quam pervigiles,

Tac. A. 1, 65:

draco,

Ov. M. 9, 190.—

Of things:

oculi,

Stat. Th. 3, 328:

dens,

i. e. of the dragon, from which armed men sprung, Luc. 4, 552:

nox,

Verg. A. 9, 167:

cura,

Luc. 2, 239.

intonsus, a, um, Part., from intondeo.

intonsus, a, um, adj. [2. in-tondeo], unshorn.

Lit.: scindens dolore identidem intonsam comam, Acc. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26:

capilli,

Hor. Epod. 15, 9:

crinis,

Tib. 1, 4,38:

Cynthius,

Hor. C. 1, 21, 2:

deus,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 60; Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 52:

comae,

Curt. 9, 10, 9; 4, 13, 5:

mentum,

id. 8, 9, 22:

caput,

Ov. F. 4, 655:

ora,

i. e. not yet shaved, Verg. A. 9, 181:

oves,

Col. 7, 3, 7.—With Gr. acc.:

Rhodanique comas intonsa juventus,

Sil. 15, 674.—

. Transf.: montes, i. e. leafy (covered with grass, herbs, or bushes), Verg. E. 5, 63:

quercus intonsaque caelo Attollunt capita,

leafy, id. A. 9, 681:

myrtus,

Stat. S. 4, 7, 10.—Of the old Romans, who neither cut their hair nor shaved their beards:

tonsores in Italiam venere post Romam conditam anno CCCCLIV., antea intonsi fuere,

Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211: Cato, Hor. C. 2, 15, 11:

avi,

bearded, Ov. F. 2, 30. —

Trop., unpolished, rude:

homines intonsi et inculti,

Liv. 21, 32:

Getae,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 2.

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

eapse = ea ipsa,

id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

eampse,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

eāpse,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.

In gen.

With substt. or pronn.

Expressing eminence or distinction:

ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

ille ipse Marcellus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

natura ipsa,

id. Brut. 29, 112:

dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

ipsa res publica,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

ipse Moeris,

Verg. E. 8, 96:

rex ipse Aeneas,

id. A. 1, 575:

ipse aries,

id. E. 3, 95:

ductores ipsi,

id. A. 1, 189:

si in ipsa arce habitarem,

Liv. 2, 7, 10;

esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

Pater ipse,

Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

Venus ipsa,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

ipse pater Pluton,

Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586.—

For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

adest optime ipse frater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

in orationibus hisce ipsis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

ea ipsa hora,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

Verg. E. 10, 63:

tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ipse ille divinationis auctor,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

Liv. 5, 33, 3:

jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

id. 2, 42, 5:

Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

id. 2, 38, 1:

eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

id. de Sen. 22, 80:

ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

ipsum dicere ineptum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

ipsum, quod habuisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—

Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

quaeram ex ipsā,

Cic. Cael. 14:

tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

id. 28, 4, 1:

a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —

To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.

Ipse alone:

litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

Sall. J. 11, 1:

hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

Verg. A. 2, 394.—

With conjunctions.

With etiam (class.):

ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —

With quoque:

quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

Liv. 3, 21, 4:

consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

id. 8, 12, 9:

cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

Flor. 3, 21, 7.—

With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

Liv. 4, 31, 5:

credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

id. 21, 21, 3:

Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

id. 21, 17, 7:

qui et ipse crus fregerat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

Eutr. 8, 7:

virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 43. —

With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

Liv. 23, 18, 4:

nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

id. 37, 20, 8:

neque ipsi,

id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

id. 34, 32, 9.

Esp.

By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

ipsum praesto video,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

Quint. 11, 1, 27:

cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

anseris ante ipsum jecur,

before the host, id. 5, 114.—

Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

Verg. E. 4, 21:

ipsi potum venient juvenci,

id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

id. G. 2, 10:

fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—

Himself exclusively.

By or in one ' s self, alone:

haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

Verg. A. 6, 185:

his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

multa secum ipse volvens,

Sall. C. 32, 1:

aestimando ipse secum,

Liv. 25, 23, 11.—

In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—

Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

Sall. J. 52, 1:

natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

id. ib. 89, 5.—

With advv. of time.

Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

nunc ipsum exurit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

id. ib. 12, 16. —

Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—

With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

ipsas undecim esse legiones,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

ipso vigesimo anno,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —

In reflexive uses,

Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,

With subject.

In gen.:

non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

Nep. Dat. 5:

ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

Sall. J. 85; cf.:

deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

Liv. 24, 4, 9:

deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—

With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—

With object:

neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

jubeant abire se,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4:

in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—

Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,

Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

id. Sest. 14, 32:

quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—

In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

ipsis mortuis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

ipsius,

id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

opp. id quod adversario prodest),

id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—

In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

Liv. 35, 46, 13:

pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

id. 4, 26, 6:

inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

Curt. 3, 5, 15:

Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

id. 3, 8, 7:

dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

id. 4, 2, 3:

a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—

Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

id. 29, 2, 2:

C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

Sall. C. 18, 5:

amisso et ipse Pacoro,

Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

cogendo ipse,

id. 39, 49, 3:

agendo ipse,

id. 41, 24, 2:

aestimando ipse secum,

id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.

Am. prol. 102:

ipsimet nobis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

ipsemet profugiam,

Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

Petr. 75, 11; and:

ipsimi nostri,

id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

eapse = ea ipsa,

id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

eampse,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

eāpse,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.

In gen.

With substt. or pronn.

Expressing eminence or distinction:

ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

ille ipse Marcellus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

natura ipsa,

id. Brut. 29, 112:

dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

ipsa res publica,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

ipse Moeris,

Verg. E. 8, 96:

rex ipse Aeneas,

id. A. 1, 575:

ipse aries,

id. E. 3, 95:

ductores ipsi,

id. A. 1, 189:

si in ipsa arce habitarem,

Liv. 2, 7, 10;

esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

Pater ipse,

Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

Venus ipsa,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

ipse pater Pluton,

Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586.—

For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

adest optime ipse frater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

in orationibus hisce ipsis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

ea ipsa hora,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

Verg. E. 10, 63:

tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ipse ille divinationis auctor,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

Liv. 5, 33, 3:

jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

id. 2, 42, 5:

Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

id. 2, 38, 1:

eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

id. de Sen. 22, 80:

ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

ipsum dicere ineptum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

ipsum, quod habuisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—

Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

quaeram ex ipsā,

Cic. Cael. 14:

tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

id. 28, 4, 1:

a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —

To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.

Ipse alone:

litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

Sall. J. 11, 1:

hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

Verg. A. 2, 394.—

With conjunctions.

With etiam (class.):

ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —

With quoque:

quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

Liv. 3, 21, 4:

consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

id. 8, 12, 9:

cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

Flor. 3, 21, 7.—

With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

Liv. 4, 31, 5:

credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

id. 21, 21, 3:

Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

id. 21, 17, 7:

qui et ipse crus fregerat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

Eutr. 8, 7:

virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 43. —

With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

Liv. 23, 18, 4:

nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

id. 37, 20, 8:

neque ipsi,

id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

id. 34, 32, 9.

Esp.

By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

ipsum praesto video,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

Quint. 11, 1, 27:

cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

anseris ante ipsum jecur,

before the host, id. 5, 114.—

Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

Verg. E. 4, 21:

ipsi potum venient juvenci,

id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

id. G. 2, 10:

fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—

Himself exclusively.

By or in one ' s self, alone:

haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

Verg. A. 6, 185:

his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

multa secum ipse volvens,

Sall. C. 32, 1:

aestimando ipse secum,

Liv. 25, 23, 11.—

In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—

Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

Sall. J. 52, 1:

natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

id. ib. 89, 5.—

With advv. of time.

Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

nunc ipsum exurit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

id. ib. 12, 16. —

Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—

With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

ipsas undecim esse legiones,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

ipso vigesimo anno,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —

In reflexive uses,

Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,

With subject.

In gen.:

non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

Nep. Dat. 5:

ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

Sall. J. 85; cf.:

deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

Liv. 24, 4, 9:

deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—

With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—

With object:

neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

jubeant abire se,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4:

in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—

Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,

Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

id. Sest. 14, 32:

quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—

In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

ipsis mortuis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

ipsius,

id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

opp. id quod adversario prodest),

id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—

In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

Liv. 35, 46, 13:

pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

id. 4, 26, 6:

inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

Curt. 3, 5, 15:

Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

id. 3, 8, 7:

dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

id. 4, 2, 3:

a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—

Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

id. 29, 2, 2:

C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

Sall. C. 18, 5:

amisso et ipse Pacoro,

Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

cogendo ipse,

id. 39, 49, 3:

agendo ipse,

id. 41, 24, 2:

aestimando ipse secum,

id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.

Am. prol. 102:

ipsimet nobis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

ipsemet profugiam,

Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

Petr. 75, 11; and:

ipsimi nostri,

id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

jŭbar, ăris (m.: albus jubar, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 658 P.; Auct. Aetna, 332), n. [1. juba], the radiance of the heavenly bodies, light, splendor, brightness, sunshine.

Lit.:

it portis jubare exorto delecta juventus,

Verg. A. 4, 130; cf.: jubar stella, quam Graeci appellant phôsphoron vel hesperon, Paul. ex Fest. p. 104 Müll.: quintus ab aequoreis nitidum jubar extulit undis Lucifer. Ov. F. 2, 149:

jubar aureus extulerat sol,

id. M. 7, 663; cf. Val. Fl. 4, 93; cf.

of Aurora,

Ov. F. 4, 944:

hanc animam interea, caeso de corpore raptam, Fac jubar,

make into a constellation, id. M. 15, 840.—

Transf., a splendid appearance, splendor, glory, radiance:

non ille vultus flammeum intendens jubar, Sed fessus ac dejectus,

Sen. Troad. 448:

purpureum fundens Caesar ab ore jubar,

Mart. 8, 65, 4.

jŭvĕnis, is, adj. ( comp. juvenior, for the more usual junior, Plin. Ep. 4, 8; App. M. 8, p. 210, 36) [Sanscr. yuvan, young].

Adj.:

ut juveni primum virgo deducta marito,

Tib. 3, 4, 31:

est mihi filius juvenis,

Quint. 4, 2, 42:

juvenes anni,

Ov. M. 7, 295:

juvenes premere Medos,

Juv. 7, 132:

ovis juvenis,

Col. 7, 3, 6:

deus,

Calp. Ecl. 7, 6.— Comp.:

toto junior anno,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 44:

dis junioribus permisit ut, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 13.—

Subst.: jŭvĕnis, is, comm., one who is in the flower of his or her age (mostly of persons older than adolescentes and younger than seniores, i. e. between twenty and forty years), a young person, a young man, a young woman:

infirmitas puerorum, et ferocitas juvenum, et gravitas jam constantis aetatis,

Cic. de Sen. 10, 33:

simul ac juvenes esse coeperunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

aetas juvenum (opp. senum),

id. Cat. 19, 67:

juvenem egregium praestanti munere donat,

Verg. A. 5, 361:

juvenes fervidi,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 26:

nefas si juvenis vetulo non assurrexerat,

Juv. 13, 55:

telluris juvenes = terrae filios,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 7:

clamosus juvenem pater excitat,

Juv. 4, 191; so,

juvenes ipsius consulis,

sons, id. 8, 262.—In comp.:

edicitur delectus: juniores ad nomina respondent,

Liv. 3, 41, 1; 6, 2, 6: junior (opp. senior), the son, the younger of the name (late Lat.), Ambros. Enar. in Psa. 45, 31:

eos (milites) ad annum quadragesimum sextum juniores, supraque eum annum seniores appellavit (Servius Tullius),

Gell. 11, 28, 1.— Fem.:

Cornelia juvenis est,

Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 122:

pulchra,

Phaedr. 2, 2, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 63;

amica,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, praef. 23.—

Juvenis (for juventus), the youth, the young men:

lectus juvenis,

Sil. 4, 219.

jŭventa, ae, f. [id.], the age of youth, youth (mostly post-Aug. for the class. juventus).

Lit.:

membra decora juventā,

Verg. A. 4, 559:

prima a parte juventae, Cic. Att. poët. 2, 3, 3: Euryalus forma insignis, viridique juventa,

Verg. A. 5, 295; Ov. M. 4, 17; 6, 719; 10, 84:

non ita se a juventa eum gessisse,

Liv. 35, 42:

qua capta juventa Hippia,

Juv. 6, 103:

Livia, prima sua juventa ex Nerone gravida,

Plin. 10, 55, 76, § 154:

elephantorum juventa a sexagesimo anno incipit,

id. 8, 10, 10, § 28:

nitidus juventā (of the snake),

Verg. G. 3, 437.—Of plants, Plin. 16, 23, 35, § 86.— Poet., youth, young people:

moderator juventae,

Mart. 2, 90, 1.—

Personified, the goddess of youth, Ov. M. 7, 241; id. P. 1, 10, 12; cf. the foll. art.

languĕo, ēre, 2, v. n. [root lag-; Gr. lagaros, lagnos, lewd; Lat. laxare, lactes; cf. Sanscr. lang-a, prostitute; Gr. lagôs, hare, lagones, the flanks, womb], to be faint, weary, languid (cf.: languesco, marceo, torpeo).

Lit.

In gen.:

cum de via languerem,

was fatigued with my journey, Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

per assiduos motus languere,

to be wearied, Ov. H. 18, 161.— Poet.:

flos languet,

droops, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 46; Val. Fl. 7, 24 al.:

languet aequor,

the sea is calm, Mart. 10, 30, 12:

lunae languet jubar,

is enfeebled, obscured, Stat. Th. 12, 305.—

In partic., to be weak, faint, languid from disease ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

languent mea membra,

Tib. 3, 5, 28:

tristi languebunt corpora morbo,

Verg. G. 4, 252:

sub natalem suum plerumque languebat,

Suet. Aug. 81: si te languere audierimus, Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21 fin.:

ego langui et aegrotavi per dies,

Vulg. Dan. 8, 27; Luc. 7, 10; cf. languesco.—

Trop., to be languid, dull, heavy, inactive, listless:

languet juventus, nec perinde atque debebat in laudis et gloriae cupiditate versatur,

Cic. Pis. 33, 82:

nec eam solitudinem languere patior,

to pass in idleness, to be wasted, id. Off. 3, 1, 3:

otio,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf.:

in otio hebescere et languere,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

si paululum modo vos languere viderint,

to be without energy, Sall. C. 52, 18:

languet amor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 436:

mihi gratia languet,

Sil. 17, 361.—Hence, languens, entis, P. a., faint, weak, feeble, inert, powerless, inactive, languid:

incitare languentes,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38; cf.: commovere languentem id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

nostris languentibus atque animo remissis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14: languenti stomacho esse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

irritamentum Veneris languentis,

Juv. 11, 167:

vox languens,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133:

cor,

Cat. 64, 97:

hyacinthus,

drooping, Verg. A. 11, 69; so,

ramus,

Suet. Aug. 92.

lĭbīdo or lŭbīdo, ĭnis, f. [libet], pleasure, desire, eagerness, longing, fancy, inclination (cf.: appetitio, optatio, cupiditas, cupido, studium).

In gen.:

ubilubido veniet nauseae,

Cato, R. R. 156, 4; Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 26; Lucr. 4, 779:

ex bonis (perturbationibus) libidinem et laetitiam, ut sit laetitia praesentium bonorum, libido futurorum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 11:

ipsa iracundia libidinis est pars: sic enim definitur iracundia, ulciscendi libido,

id. ib. 3, 5, 11; id. Fin. 3, 9, 32:

non omnibus delendi urbem libido erat,

Liv. 5, 42:

juventus magis in decoris armis et militaribus equis quam in scortis atque conviviis libidinem habebat,

delighted in, Sall. C. 7:

tanta libido cum Mario eundi plerosque invaserat,

id. J. 84; id. ib. 86:

tanta libidine vulgi auditur,

Juv. 7, 85:

rarus sermo illis, et magna libido tacendi,

id. 2, 14:

urinae lacessit,

Gell. 19, 4: est lubido with inf. ( = libet, ante-class.):

est lubido orationem audire,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 25; 4, 2, 23:

est lubido homini suo animo opsequi,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 11; id. Men. 1, 1, 7; id. Ep. 2, 2, 56 al.—

In partic.

Unlawful or inordinate desire, passion, caprice, wilfulness, wantonness:

ingenium est omnium hominum ab labore proclive ad libidinem,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 51:

ad libidinem suam vexare aliquem,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 141: fortuna res cunctas ex lubidine magis, quam ex vero celebrat obscuratque, arbitrarily, according to pleasure or caprice, Sall. C. 8:

quod positum est in alterius voluntate, ne dicam libidine,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 3:

ad libidinem aliorum judicare,

id. Font. 12, 26; id. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

instruitur acies ad libidinem militum,

Liv. 25, 21.—

Sensual desire, lust (the usual meaning in plur.):

procreandi,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53:

libidinis ministri,

id. Lael. 10, 35:

commiscendorum corporum mirae libidines,

id. N. D. 2, 51, 128:

qui voluptatum libidine feruntur,

id. Tusc. 3, 2, 4:

qui feruntur libidine,

id. ib. 3, 5, 11:

libidine accendi,

Sall. C. 28:

mala libido Lucretiae per vim stuprandae,

Liv. 1, 57; Suet. Aug. 69; id. Galb. 22; Col. 8, 11, 6:

eadem summis pariter minimisque libido,

Juv. 6, 349:

saltante libidine,

i. e. passion goading on, id. 6, 318.—Esp., of unnatural lust, Suet. Aug. 71; Paul. Sent. 5, 23, 13. —Of unbridled indulgence:

vinulentiam ac libidines, grata barbaris, usurpans,

Tac. A. 11, 16.—Hence,

Transf. (abstr. pro concreto): libidines, voluptuous or obscene representations in painting and sculpture, Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

in poculis libidines caelare juvit,

Plin. 33 praef. §

4: pinxit et libidines,

id. 35, 10, 36, § 72.

luctor, ātus, 1 ( part. gen. plur. luctantūm, Prop. 4 (5), 22, 9; act. collat. form: viri validis viribus luctant, Enn. ap. Non. 472, 8: plurimum luctavimus, Plaut. ap. Non. 468, 32; Varr. L. L. 5, 10, § 61 Müll.:

dum luctat,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 31), v. dep. [lucta, q. v.], to wrestle.

Lit.:

ibi cursu luctando disco hasta... sese exercebant (juventus),

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 24:

luctabitur Olympiis Milo,

Cic. Fat. 13:

fulvā luctantur harenā,

Verg. A. 6, 643:

luctabatur adsidue,

Suet. Ner. 53:

paucae (feminae) luctantur,

Juv. 2, 53:

umeris, ut luctaturi solent, ad occipitium ductis,

Quint. 11, 3, 160.—

Transf, to wrestle, struggle, strive, contend.

Of living creatures:

in pestilenti atque arido solo luctari,

Liv. 7, 38, 7:

boves luctari,

Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 177:

luctandum in turbā,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 28:

inter se adversis luctantur cornibus haedi,

Verg. G. 2, 526:

non luctor de nomine hujus temporis,

Ov. F. 6, 69.—

With inf. ( poet.):

et infracta luctatur harundine telum Eripere,

Verg. A. 12, 387:

deducere versum,

Ov. P. 1, 5, 13:

compescere risum,

id. H. 17, 161; id. M. 15, 300.—

Of inanimate things:

et in lento luctantur marmore tonsae,

Verg. A, 7, 28:

tristia robustis luctantur funera plaustris,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 74; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 147:

luctantem Icariis fluctibus Africum,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 15; cf.:

luctantes venti,

Verg. A. 1, 53.—

In partic., in mal. part.:

cum aliquo,

Prop. 2, 1, 13.—

Trop., of mental or moral strife, to struggle, strive, contend:

non luctabor tecum amplius,

Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 74:

cum aliquo luctari,

id. Sull. 16, 47:

Plancus diu, quarum esset partium secum luctatus,

Vell. 2, 63, 3; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 28:

cum latentibus nodis,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

cum ardore et siccitate regionis,

id. 4, 7, 7.—

With dat. ( poet.):

luctataeque diu tenebris hiemique sibique,

Stat. Th. 11, 522:

crudo pelago,

Sil. 14, 453:

morti,

id. 10, 296.—

With abl.:

ignis viridi luctetur robore,

Luc. 3, 503; Vell. 2, 86, 2.—Hence, luctans, antis, P. a., struggling, reluctant:

luctantia oscula carpere,

Ov. M. 4, 358:

composuit luctantia lumina somnus,

Sil. 7, 204.—

In partic., as subst., of cross-beams, rafters, because they oppose and uphold each other like wrestlers, Isid. Orig. 19, 19.

no, nāvi, 1, v. n. [neô], to swim, float.

Lit.: alter nare cupit: alter pugnare paratu'st, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 166 Müll. (Ann. v. 258 Vahl.):

pueris, qui nare discunt, scirpea induitur ratis,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 9; cf.

below,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 120:

pinus Dicuntur liquidas Neptuni nāsse per undas,

Cat. 64, 1:

nat lupus,

Ov. M. 1, 304:

nantem delphina per undas,

id. H. 19, 199:

piger ad nandum,

id. ib. 18, 210:

ars nandi,

id. Tr. 2, 486:

nat tibi linter,

Tib. 1, 5, 76; Luc. 8, 374.—Prov.: nare sine cortice, to swim without corks, i. e. to be able to do without a guardian (cf. above the passage in Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 9), Hor. S. 1, 4, 120.—

Poet., transf., to sail, flow, fly, etc.: cum juventus Per medium classi barbara navit Athon, Cat. 66, 45:

(undae) nantes refulgent,

id. 64, 274:

nare per aestatem liquidam suspexeris agmen (apium),

Verg. G. 4, 59.—Of the eyes of drunken persons, to swim:

nant oculi,

Lucr. 3, 480; v. nato.— Hence, nans, antis, P. a., swimming, floating:

nantes scaphae,

Gell. 10, 26, 10; as subst., a swimmer; hence, nantes, ĭum, f., swimming fowls, i. e. geese, ducks, etc.:

greges nantium,

Col. 8, 14, 1.

No, an Egyptian city, perh. Alexandria; acc. to Bochart, Thebes, Hier. ad Ezech. 30, 14.

nĕbŭlo, ōnis, m. [nebula], a paltry, worthiess fellow, an idle rascal, a sorry wretch: nugator ac nebulo, Lucil. ap. Non. 19, 3; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 15:

nos ab isto nebulone facetius eludimur, quam putamus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

nebulones Alcinoique juventus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28:

vappa ac nebulo,

id. S. 1, 1, 104; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12: nebulo lucifugus (perh. on account of the etymology of the word), a scoundrel that shuns the light, Lucil. ap. Non. 19, 2.—In apposition with homo:

vulgus nebulonum hominum,

Gell. 1, 2, 7; 16, 6, 12.—

Acc. to Acron ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 12, nebulo also signifies a man of low birth; on which account slaves were also called nebulones.

nervōsus, a, um, adj. [nervus], full of sinews, sinewy, nervous.

Lit.:

nervosa et lignea dorcas,

Lucr. 4, 1161:

poples,

Ov. M. 6, 256:

exilitas,

Plin. 11, 37, 86, § 214:

partes,

id. 23, 3, 34, § 69:

nervosius illud, i. e. membrum virile,

Cat. 67, 27.—

Transf., of plants, full of fibres, fibrous:

cauliculi,

Plin. 21, 9, 30, § 54; 27, 12, 97, § 123.—

Trop.

Nervous, vigorous, energetic in expression:

quis Aristotele nervosior,

Cic. Brut. 31, 121.—

Vigorous, bold:

vivacitas,

Val. Max. 8, 13, 4: juventus, Prud. c. Sym. 2, 320.—Hence, adv.: nervō-sē, strongly, boldly, vigorously, energetically: vigilanter nervoseque aliquem subornare, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.— Comp.:

nervosius dicere,

Cic. Or. 36, 127:

nervosius aliquid disserere,

id. Off. 3, 29, 106.