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1 panel interview
HRan interview that takes place before two or more interviewers who may be from different parts of the interviewing organization or external to it.Organizations tend to use panel interviews as they save time by bringing all the interviewers together rather than shuffling the applicant around from one office to the next. They are also used for their consistency of information: from the applicant and from the organization.As with any job interview, it is important beforehand for applicant to find out not only about the position they are applying for, but the organization to which they are applying. It may also help them to mentally rehearse the panel interview situation. With several interviewers, the applicant may feel bombarded by questions. He or she should attempt to answer all the questions, taking one at a time, and if necessary, ask for clarification where a question is not clear.The interview is an opportunity for the applicant to showcase his or her strengths to several interviewers at once, and so while it is not wise to interrupt the interviewers, he or she should resist the temptation to let them do most of the talking. Making meaningful eye contact with all members of the panel when talking is a good way for the applicant to convey a sense of confidence and calm—the key to success in the panel interview. -
2 exit interview
HRa meeting between an employee and a management representative on the employee’s departure from an organization. An exit interview is conducted in order to ascertain why an employee is leaving, either because of pull factors, such as better pay and conditions, or push factors, such as poor training or management. Another purpose of the exit interview is to capture information relating to the departing employee’s knowledge and experience. -
3 computer-assisted interview
Statsan interview in which the interviewee keys in answers to questions displayed on screen by a computer programThe ultimate business dictionary > computer-assisted interview
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4 termination interview
HRa meeting between an employee and a management representative in order to dismiss the employee. A termination interview should be brief, explaining the reasons for the dismissal, and giving details of whether a notice period should be worked, and whether, especially in the case of a layoff, additional assistance will be forthcoming from the employer. -
5 behavioral interview
HR [m1] see interviewing -
6 group interview
HR [m1] see group selection -
7 situational interview
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8 structured interview
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9 telephone interview survey
Statsa method of sampling a population by telephoning its membersThe ultimate business dictionary > telephone interview survey
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10 interviewing
HRthe practice of asking questions of another person in order to gain information and make an assessment. Interviewing is a selection tool used in recruitment to assess somebody’s suitability for a job. A structured interview relies on asking the same job-related questions of all candidates and systematically evaluating their responses. There are two principal models: the behavioral interview, which strives to find out how applicants have behaved in the past in similar situations; and the situational interview, in which they are asked hypothetical questions to determine how they might act in the future. Interviewing is a technique also used in counseling, performance appraisal, and as part of a disciplinary procedure (see discipline). -
11 group selection
HRa method of recruitment in which candidates are assessed in groups rather than individually. Group selection can take place in an assessment center. It should not be confused with a panel interview, which involves one candidate but several interviewers. -
12 repertory grid
Gen Mgta technique for gathering information on an individual’s personal constructs or perceptions of their environment through mapping interview responses to a matrix. The repertory grid was initially used and developed by clinical psychologists in the 1930s. It has business applications in job analysis, performance measurement, evaluation of training, questionnaire design, and market research. -
13 selection board
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14 Achard, Franz
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1753 Germanyd. 1821 Germany[br]German scientist of French descent who built the world's first factory to extract sugar from beet.[br]The descendant of a French refugee, Achard began the systematic study of beet on his estate at Caulsdorf in 1786. The work had been stimulated by the discovery in 1747 of the presence of sugar in fodder beet. This research had been carried out by Andreas Marggraf, under whom Franz Achard trained. After a fire destroyed his laboratories Achard established himself on the domain of Französisch in Buchholtz near Berlin.After thirteen years of study he felt sufficiently confident to apply for an interview with Frederick William III, King of Prussia, which took place on 11 January 1799. Achard presented the King with a loaf of sugar made from raw beet by his Sugar Boiling House method. He requested a ten-year monopoly on his idea, as well as the grant of land on which to carry out his work. The King was sufficiently impressed to establish a committee to supervise further trials, and asked Achard to make a public statement on his work. The King ordered a factory to be built at his own expense, and paid Achard a salary to manage it. In 1801 he was granted the domain of Cunern in Silesia; he built his first sugar factory there and began production in 1802. Unfortunately Achard's business skills were negligible, and he was bankrupt within the year. In 1810 the State relieved him of his debt and gave him a pension, and in 1812 the first sugar factory was turned into a school of sugar technology.[br]BibliographyAchard's public response to the King's request was his paper Abhandlungen über die Kultur der Runkelrube.Further ReadingNoel Deerr, 1950, The History of Sugar, Vol. II, London (deals with the development of sugar extraction from beet, and therefore the story of both Marggraf and Achard).AP -
15 Clark, Edwin
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 7 January 1814 Marlow, Buckinghamshire, Englandd. 22 October 1894 Marlow, Buckinghamshire, England[br]English civil engineer.[br]After a basic education in mathematics, latin, French and geometry, Clark was articled to a solicitor, but he left after two years because he did not like the work. He had no permanent training otherwise, and for four years he led an idle life, becoming self-taught in the subjects that interested him. He eventually became a teacher at his old school before entering Cambridge, although he returned home after two years without taking a degree. He then toured the European continent extensively, supporting himself as best he could. He returned to England in 1839 and obtained further teaching posts. With the railway boom in progress he decided to become a surveyor and did some work on a proposed line between Oxford and Brighton.After being promised an interview with Robert Stephenson, he managed to see him in March 1846. Stephenson took a liking to Clark and asked him to investigate the strains on the Britannia Bridge tubes under various given conditions. This work so gained Stephenson's full approval that, after being entrusted with experiments and designs, Clark was appointed Resident Engineer for the Britannia Bridge across the Menai Straits. He not only completed the bridge, which was opened on 19 October 1850, but also wrote the history of its construction. After the completion of the bridge—and again without any professional experience—he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief to the Electric and International Telegraph Company. He was consulted by Captain Mark Huish of the London \& North Western Railway on a telegraphic system for the railway, and in 1853 he introduced the Block Telegraph System.Clark was engaged on the Crystal Palace and was responsible for many railway bridges in Britain and abroad. He was Engineer and part constructor of the harbour at Callao, Peru, and also of harbour works at Colón, Panama. On canal works he was contractor for the marine canal, the Morskoy Canal, in 1875 between Kronstadt and St Petersburg. His great work on canals, however, was the concept with Edward Leader Williams of the hydraulically operated barge lift at Anderton, Cheshire, linking the Weaver Navigation to the Trent \& Mersey Canal, whose water levels have a vertical separation of 50 ft (15 m). This was opened on 26 July 1875. The structure so impressed the French engineers who were faced with a bottleneck of five locks on the Neuffossée Canal south of Saint-Omer that they commissioned Clark to design a lift there. This was completed in 1878 and survives as a historic monument. The design was also adopted for four lifts on the Canal du Centre at La Louvière in Belgium, but these were not completed until after Clark's death.JHB -
16 Gamond, Aimé Thomé de
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 1807d. 1876[br]French civil engineer and early advocate of the Channel Tunnel.[br]He became interested in the possibility of a tunnel or a bridge link between England and France in 1833 when he did his own geological survey of a route between Calais and Dover, and in 1834 he proposed an immersed tube tunnel. However, at the Great Exhibition of 1855 he promoted a scheme incorporating an artificial stone isthmus with movable bridges, which was estimated to cost £33,600,000, but this idea was eventuallv abandoned. He reverted to the idea of a tunnel and did further survey in 1855, with 180 lb (80 kg) of flint for ballast, ten inflated pig bladders to bring him to the surface and pieces of buttered lint plastered over his ears to protect them against the water pressure. He touched bottom between 99 and 108 ft (30 and 33 m). In 1856 Napoleon III granted him an audience and promised a scientific commission to evaluate his scheme, which it eventually approved. In 1858 he went to London and got the backing of Robert Stephenson, Isambard K. Brunel and Joseph Locke. He also obtained an interview with Prince Albert. In 1858, after an assassination attempt on Napoleon III, relations between France and England cooled off and Thomé de Gamond's plans were halted. He revived them in 1867, but others were by now also putting forward schemes. He had worked on the scheme for thirty-five years and expended a small fortune. In 1875 The Times reported that he was "living in humble circumstances, his daughter supporting him by giving lessons on the piano". He died the following year.[br]Further ReadingT.Whiteside, 1962, The Tunnel under the Channel.IMcN -
17 Psychoanalysis
[Psychoanalysis] seeks to prove to the ego that it is not even master in its own house, but must content itself with scanty information of what is going on unconsciously in the mind. (Freud, 1953-1974, Vol. 16, pp. 284-285)Although in the interview the analyst is supposedly a "passive" auditor of the "free association" narration by the subject, in point of fact the analyst does direct the course of the narrative. This by itself does not necessarily impair the evidential worth of the outcome, for even in the most meticulously conducted laboratory experiment the experimenter intervenes to obtain the data he is after. There is nevertheless the difficulty that in the nature of the case the full extent of the analyst's intervention is not a matter that is open to public scrutiny, so that by and large one has only his own testimony as to what transpires in the consulting room. It is perhaps unnecessary to say that this is not a question about the personal integrity of psychoanalytic practitioners. The point is the fundamental one that no matter how firmly we may resolve to make explicit our biases, no human being is aware of all of them, and that objectivity in science is achieved through the criticism of publicly accessible material by a community of independent inquirers.... Moreover, unless data are obtained under carefully standardized circumstances, or under different circumstances whose dependence on known variables is nevertheless established, even an extensive collection of data is an unreliable basis for inference. To be sure, analysts apparently do attempt to institute standard conditions for the conduct of interviews. But there is not much information available on the extent to which the standardization is actually enforced, or whether it relates to more than what may be superficial matters. (E. Nagel, 1959, pp. 49-50)3) No Necessary Incompatibility between Psychoanalysis and Certain Religious Formulationshere would seem to be no necessary incompatibility between psychoanalysis and those religious formulations which locate God within the self. One could, indeed, argue that Freud's Id (and even more Groddeck's It), the impersonal force within which is both the core of oneself and yet not oneself, and from which in illness one become[s] alienated, is a secular formation of the insight which makes religious people believe in an immanent God. (Ryecroft, 1966, p. 22)Freudian analysts emphasized that their theories were constantly verified by their "clinical observations."... It was precisely this fact-that they always fitted, that they were always confirmed-which in the eyes of their admirers constituted the strongest argument in favour of these theories. It began to dawn on me that this apparent strength was in fact their weakness.... It is easy to obtain confirmations or verifications, for nearly every theory-if we look for confirmation. (Popper, 1968, pp. 3435)5) Psychoanalysis Is Not a Science But Rather the Interpretation of a Narrated HistoryPsychoanalysis does not satisfy the standards of the sciences of observation, and the "facts" it deals with are not verifiable by multiple, independent observers.... There are no "facts" nor any observation of "facts" in psychoanalysis but rather the interpretation of a narrated history. (Ricoeur, 1974, p. 186)6) Some of the Qualities of a Scientific Approach Are Possessed by PsychoanalysisIn sum: psychoanalysis is not a science, but it shares some of the qualities associated with a scientific approach-the search for truth, understanding, honesty, openness to the import of the observation and evidence, and a skeptical stance toward authority. (Breger, 1981, p. 50)[Attributes of Psychoanalysis:]1. Psychic Determinism. No item in mental life and in conduct and behavior is "accidental"; it is the outcome of antecedent conditions.2. Much mental activity and behavior is purposive or goal-directed in character.3. Much of mental activity and behavior, and its determinants, is unconscious in character. 4. The early experience of the individual, as a child, is very potent, and tends to be pre-potent over later experience. (Farrell, 1981, p. 25)Our sceptic may be unwise enough... to maintain that, because analytic theory is unscientific on his criterion, it is not worth discussing. This step is unwise, because it presupposes that, if a study is not scientific on his criterion, it is not a rational enterprise... an elementary and egregious mistake. The scientific and the rational are not co-extensive. Scientific work is only one form that rational inquiry can take: there are many others. (Farrell, 1981, p. 46)Psychoanalysts have tended to write as though the term analysis spoke for itself, as if the statement "analysis revealed" or "it was analyzed as" preceding a clinical assertion was sufficient to establish the validity of what was being reported. An outsider might easily get the impression from reading the psychoanalytic literature that some standardized, generally accepted procedure existed for both inference and evidence. Instead, exactly the opposite has been true. Clinical material in the hands of one analyst can lead to totally different "findings" in the hands of another. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 128)The analytic process-the means by which we arrive at psychoanalytic understanding-has been largely neglected and is poorly understood, and there has been comparatively little interest in the issues of inference and evidence. Indeed, psychoanalysts as a group have not recognized the importance of being bound by scientific constraints. They do not seem to understand that a possibility is only that-a possibility-and that innumerable ways may exist to explain the same data. Psychoanalysts all too often do not seem to distinguish hypotheses from facts, nor do they seem to understand that hypotheses must be tested in some way, that criteria for evidence must exist, and that any given test for any hypothesis must allow for the full range of substantiation/refutation. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 129)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychoanalysis
См. также в других словарях:
interview — [ ɛ̃tɛrvju ] n. f. • 1872; mot angl., du fr. entrevue ♦ Anglic. Entrevue au cours de laquelle un journaliste (⇒ intervieweur) interroge une personne sur sa vie, ses projets, ses opinions, dans l intention de publier une relation de l entretien.… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Interview — Студийный альбом Gentle Giant Дата выпуска 1976 Записан февраль март 1976 … Википедия
Interview — Sn erw. fach. (19. Jh.) Entlehnung. Entlehnt aus ne. interview, dieses aus frz. entrevue m. Zusammenkunft , einer postverbalen Ableitung von frz. entrevoir sehen, treffen , zu frz. voir sehen , aus l. vidēre und l. inter . Verb: interviewen.… … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
Interview — »für die Öffentlichkeit bestimmtes Gespräch zwischen ‹Zeitungs›berichterstatter und einer meist bekannten Persönlichkeit über aktuelle Tagesfragen oder sonstige Dinge, die besonders durch die Person des Befragten interessant sind«: Das Wort der… … Das Herkunftswörterbuch
interview — [in′tər vyo͞o΄] n. [Fr entrevue: see INTER & VIEW] 1. a meeting of people face to face, as to evaluate or question a job applicant ☆ 2. a) a meeting in which a person is asked about personal views, activities, etc., as by a newspaper reporter or… … English World dictionary
Interview — In ter*view, n. [F. entrevue, fr. entrevoir to see imperfectly, to have a glimpse of, s entrevoir to visit each other. See {Inter }, and {View}.] [1913 Webster] 1. A mutual sight or view; a meeting face to face; usually, a formal or official… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Interview — In ter*view, v. t. To have an interview with; to question or converse with, especially for the purpose of obtaining information for publication. [Recent] [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
interview — [n] questioning and evaluation account, audience, call, call back, cattle call*, communication, conference, consultation, conversation, dialogue, examination, hearing, meeting, oral, parley, press conference, record, statement, talk; concepts… … New thesaurus
interview — ► NOUN 1) an occasion on which a journalist or broadcaster puts a series of questions to a person of public interest. 2) an oral examination of an applicant for a job or college place. 3) a session of formal questioning of a person by the police … English terms dictionary
Interview — (spr. Interwiuh), Insel im Andaman Archipel, im Bengalischen Meerbusen; westlich von Groß Andaman … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
interview — I noun audience, audition, colloquy, conference, congressio, conloquium, consultation, conversation, dialogue, discussion, exchange of views, hearing, meeting, mutual exchange, oral examination, question and answer, talk, verbal intercourse II… … Law dictionary
