intellĭgo

• I understand that I understand. (St. Augustine)

* * *

ēlĕgans (in some MSS. eligans; cf. Beier Cic. Orr. Fragmm. p. 105), antis, adj. [prob. collat. form of eligens, from eligo, Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72].

In the ante-class. period in a bad sense, luxurious, effeminate, fastidious, nice: elegans homo non dicebatur cum laude;

sed id fere verbum ad aetatem M. Catonis vitii, non laudis fuit... ex quibus verbis (Catonis) apparet, elegantem dictum antiquitus non ab ingenii elegantia, sed qui nimis lecto amoenoque cultu victuque esset, etc.,

Gell. 11, 2, 1; cf. Non. 465, 11 sq.:

heia, ut elegans est!

how choice! how nice! Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 19 Ruhnk.; cf. id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; 3, 5, 18 (but not in Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 14, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Class. in a good sense, choice, nice, fine, neat, tasteful, elegant.

Of persons: tu festivus, tu elegans, tu solus urbanus, quem decet muliebris ornatus, etc., Cic. Clod. et Cur. 5, p. 105, ed. Beier; cf. (with mundus) id. Fin. 2, 8, 23; (with splendidus) Nep. Att. 13, 5;

and opp. parcus,

Cic. Brut. 40, 148; id. Or. 25, 83:

auctor,

Vell. 1, 13:

mulier (Phryne—with formosa),

Val. Max. 4, 3, 3 ext.:

intelligo te hominem in omni judicio elegantissimum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23 et saep.:

scriptor,

id. Brut. 9; 16, 63; 68, 239; Quint. 10, 1, 78 al.; cf. in the comp.: quis verbis aut ornatior aut elegantior (sc. Caesare)? Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 55; in the sup.:

poëta,

Nep. Att. 12, 4:

elegans et concinnus (pictor),

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 111.—As subst.: ēlĕgantes, ium, m., fine gentlemen, city people (opp. agrestes), Col. 7, 2, 1.—

Of things:

nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 13; cf. (with decorum) Cic. Div. 1, 30:

a necessariis artificiis ad elegantiora defluximus,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62; cf. Liv. 44, 9:

artes elegantes et ingenuae,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2:

temperamentum,

Tac. A. 11, 4:

color,

Plin. 15, 8, 8, § 34 et saep.:

perspicitis, hoc genus (jocandi) quam sit facetum, quam elegans, quam oratorium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 241; cf. id. Off. 1, 29, 104; id. Brut. 85; Quint. 6, 3, 39; 10, 1, 65 al.— Comp.:

ego autem a te elegantiora desidero,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10; and sup.:

epistola,

id. Att. 16, 13 a.; cf.:

scripta Terentii,

Quint. 10, 1, 99: utrum sit elegantius, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 18:

solum,

Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 50. —Hence, adv.: ēlĕganter, with correct choice, tastefully, neatly, finely, gracefully, elegantly:

lautiores eleganter accepti,

Cic. Att. 13, 52, 2:

quiete et pure atque eleganter acta aetas,

id. de Sen. 5; cf.:

acta vita,

Liv. 35, 31:

herba foliis rotundis eleganter vestita,

Plin. 25, 5, 19, § 43 et saep.— Comp.:

psallere et saltare,

Sall. C. 24, 2:

quid enim facere potuit elegantius ad hominum existimationem?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17:

elegantius aut justius fieri,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

facturos si, etc.,

Liv. 37, 1:

neminem elegantius loca cepisse,

more fitly, judiciously, Liv. 35, 14:

causam accurate eleganterque dicere,

Cic. Brut. 22, 86;

so of speech,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; id. Tusc. 2, 3; Quint. 6, 3, 102; 8, 2, 21 al.; cf. in the sup., Cic. Brut. 72, 252; Quint. 11, 1, 74.

ēlĕgans (in some MSS. eligans; cf. Beier Cic. Orr. Fragmm. p. 105), antis, adj. [prob. collat. form of eligens, from eligo, Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72].

In the ante-class. period in a bad sense, luxurious, effeminate, fastidious, nice: elegans homo non dicebatur cum laude;

sed id fere verbum ad aetatem M. Catonis vitii, non laudis fuit... ex quibus verbis (Catonis) apparet, elegantem dictum antiquitus non ab ingenii elegantia, sed qui nimis lecto amoenoque cultu victuque esset, etc.,

Gell. 11, 2, 1; cf. Non. 465, 11 sq.:

heia, ut elegans est!

how choice! how nice! Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 19 Ruhnk.; cf. id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; 3, 5, 18 (but not in Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 14, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

Class. in a good sense, choice, nice, fine, neat, tasteful, elegant.

Of persons: tu festivus, tu elegans, tu solus urbanus, quem decet muliebris ornatus, etc., Cic. Clod. et Cur. 5, p. 105, ed. Beier; cf. (with mundus) id. Fin. 2, 8, 23; (with splendidus) Nep. Att. 13, 5;

and opp. parcus,

Cic. Brut. 40, 148; id. Or. 25, 83:

auctor,

Vell. 1, 13:

mulier (Phryne—with formosa),

Val. Max. 4, 3, 3 ext.:

intelligo te hominem in omni judicio elegantissimum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23 et saep.:

scriptor,

id. Brut. 9; 16, 63; 68, 239; Quint. 10, 1, 78 al.; cf. in the comp.: quis verbis aut ornatior aut elegantior (sc. Caesare)? Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 55; in the sup.:

poëta,

Nep. Att. 12, 4:

elegans et concinnus (pictor),

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 111.—As subst.: ēlĕgantes, ium, m., fine gentlemen, city people (opp. agrestes), Col. 7, 2, 1.—

Of things:

nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 13; cf. (with decorum) Cic. Div. 1, 30:

a necessariis artificiis ad elegantiora defluximus,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 62; cf. Liv. 44, 9:

artes elegantes et ingenuae,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2:

temperamentum,

Tac. A. 11, 4:

color,

Plin. 15, 8, 8, § 34 et saep.:

perspicitis, hoc genus (jocandi) quam sit facetum, quam elegans, quam oratorium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 241; cf. id. Off. 1, 29, 104; id. Brut. 85; Quint. 6, 3, 39; 10, 1, 65 al.— Comp.:

ego autem a te elegantiora desidero,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10; and sup.:

epistola,

id. Att. 16, 13 a.; cf.:

scripta Terentii,

Quint. 10, 1, 99: utrum sit elegantius, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 18:

solum,

Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 50. —Hence, adv.: ēlĕganter, with correct choice, tastefully, neatly, finely, gracefully, elegantly:

lautiores eleganter accepti,

Cic. Att. 13, 52, 2:

quiete et pure atque eleganter acta aetas,

id. de Sen. 5; cf.:

acta vita,

Liv. 35, 31:

herba foliis rotundis eleganter vestita,

Plin. 25, 5, 19, § 43 et saep.— Comp.:

psallere et saltare,

Sall. C. 24, 2:

quid enim facere potuit elegantius ad hominum existimationem?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17:

elegantius aut justius fieri,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

facturos si, etc.,

Liv. 37, 1:

neminem elegantius loca cepisse,

more fitly, judiciously, Liv. 35, 14:

causam accurate eleganterque dicere,

Cic. Brut. 22, 86;

so of speech,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; id. Tusc. 2, 3; Quint. 6, 3, 102; 8, 2, 21 al.; cf. in the sup., Cic. Brut. 72, 252; Quint. 11, 1, 74.

ergō (rarely with short o in Ov. and the post-Aug. poets, Ov. H. 5, 59 Lennep.; id. Tr. 1, 1, 87; Luc. 9, 256; Val. Fl. 2, 407; Claud. Ep. 4, 17), adv. [for e-regō, from ex and root rag-, to extend upward; cf. Gr. oregô, L. rego, Germ. ragen; v. erga, and Corss. Ausspr. 1, 448 sqq.], proceeding from or out of.

With gen. (placed after it, like causa and gratia), in consequence of, on account of, because of (ante-class, but not in Plaut. or Ter.):

quojus rei ergo,

Cato R. R. 141, 2:

hujus rei ergo,

id. ib. § 3; 4; ib. 139; Tab. Publica ap. Liv. 40, 52 fin.; 41, 28 fin.: dono militari virtutis ergo donari, S. C. ap. Liv. 25, 7; so, virtutis ergo, Lex ap. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 19; Sisenn. ap. Non. 107, 16: ejus victoriae ergo, Inscr. ap. Nep. Paus. 1, 3: funeris ergo, Lex ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23 fin.; 25 fin.:

ejus legis ergo,

Cic. Att. 3, 23, 2; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8:

formidinis ergo,

Lucr. 5, 1246:

illius ergo,

Verg. A. 6, 670.

Absol. (for cujus rei ergo), consequently, accordingly, therefore, then (class.): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem: ergo postque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 4; Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9; Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 74:

Polemoni et jam ante Aristoteli ea prima visa sunt, quae paulo ante dixi. Ergo nata est sententia veterum Academicorum, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

Albano non plus animi erat quam fidei, nec manere ergo, nec transire aperte ausus, etc.,

Liv. 1, 27; Verg. E. 5, 58 et saep.—The reason or cause sometimes follows with quia, quod:

ergo istoc magis, quia vaniloquus, vapulabis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 222; cf. id. Mil. 4, 6, 18.—Ante- and postclass. pleonast.:

ergo igitur,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 27; and:

igitur ergo,

App. M. 1, p. 104 al. —So in Ter. and Liv.:

itaque ergo,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 25; Liv. 1, 25, 2 Drak.; 3, 31, 5 Gron.; 9, 31 fin.; 39, 25.—

Transf.

In a logical conclusion, consequently, therefore:

negat haec filiam me suam esse: non ergo haec mater mea est,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 20; Varr. L. L. 8, § 47; 48; 49;

59 sq. al.: nullum dicere causae esse genus amentia est, etc.... Relinquitur ergo, ut omnia tria genera sint causarum,

Cic. Inv. 1, 9 fin.:

quis est enim, in quo sit cupiditas, quin recte cupidus dici possit? Ergo et avarus erit, sed finite,

id. Fin. 2, 9, 27; 5, 9, 24:

quis tam esset ferreus qui eam vitam ferre posset, etc.? Verum ergo illud est, quod a Tarentino Archyta dici solitum,

id. Lael. 23, 88 et saep.;

corresponding to igitur,

id. ib. 14 fin. and 15 init.; so consecutively, igitur... ergo... ergo... igitur... id. N. D. 2, 21, 56 sq.—So with si, cum, quia, etc.:

ergo ego nisi peperissem, Roma non oppugnaretur,

Liv. 2, 40, 8; Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 34; id. Capt. 2, 3, 63; id. Aul. 4, 10, 25. —So esp. in Cicero, like an (v. an I. D.), in interrogative argumentation, a minore ad majus, or ex aequo, so, so then:

ergo haec veteranus miles facere poterit, doctus vir sapiensque non poterit?

Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39; so with the future, id. ib. § 41; 1, 14, 31; 3, 15, 31; id. Off. 1, 31, 114; id. Fin. 2, 33 fin.:

ergo illi intelligunt, quid Epicurus dicat, ego non intelligo?

id. ib. 2, 4, 13; cf. id. Arch. 9:

ergo Ennio licuit vetera contemnenti dicere, etc.... mihi de antiquis eodem modo non licebit?

id. Or. 51, 171; cf. id. Arch. 8, 9 fin. —

In interrogations.

When an explanation is asked, do you say? do you mean? then: S. Quo agis? P. Quo tu?... S. Quo ergo, scelus? Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 23: Ipsus es? Ch. Ipsus Charmides sum. S. Ergo ipsusne es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 145; id. Ep. 1, 1, 19; Hor. S. 2, 3, 156.—

When a consequence is inquired for, Engl. then: Ps. lstuc ego jam satis scio. Si. Cur ergo, quod scis, me rogas? Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 10:

ergo in iis adolescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus, quos? etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

dedemus ergo Hannibalem? dicet aliquis,

Liv. 21, 10 fin. et saep.:

num ergo is excaecat nos aut orbat sensibus, si? etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74; so,

num ergo,

Quint. 10, 1, 5; cf. id. 6, 3, 79:

quid stamus? quin ergo imus?

why not then? Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 21; so,

quin ergo,

id. As. 1, 1, 15; 2, 2, 113; id. Merc. 5, 2, 88; id. Mil. 4, 2, 93.— Esp. freq., quid ergo? like the Gr. ti ouW, why then? but why? quid ergo hanc dubitas colloqui? Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 17; cf. Cic. Fin. 4, 14; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 55; Tib. 3, 6, 51:

quid ergo? hujusne vitae propositio Thyesten levare poterit?

Cic. Tusc. 3, 18; id. Off. 3, 20, 81; 3, 15, 61; 3, 18, 73; id. Rosc. Am. 1, 2; id. Caecin. 20; id. Mur. 23, 47 et saep.; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 10 et saep.—

With imperatives and words used imperatively, then, now, accordingly:

dato ergo istum symbolum illi,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 57:

vide ergo, hanc conclusionem probaturusne sis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

desinite ergo,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19 fin.:

sequere ergo,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 83; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Stich. 5, 2, 20; cf.:

amplectere ergo,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 16:

tace ergo,

id. Aul. 3, 2, 14; id. Ep. 2, 2, 57:

dic ergo,

id. Pers. 2, 2, 57: ausculta ergo, id. ib. 4, 6, 19; id. Cas. 2, 4, 18 et saep.:

quin tu ergo i modo,

come now, begone! id. Merc. 5, 2, 114; cf.:

quin tu ergo omitte genua,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 14:

agedum ergo,

id. ib. 3, 4, 15.—So with the subj.:

age eamus ergo, intro ergo abeant,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 17; id. Mil. 1, 1, 78:

abeamus ergo intro,

id. ib. 3, 3, 69:

ergo des minam,

id. ib. 5, 27; Cic. Fin. 5, 8 fin.; id. Brut. 43.—And with the future:

ergo, si sapis, mussitabis,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 66.—

Like igitur, in resuming an interrupted train of thought, as I was saying; I say, then; well then:

tres viae sunt ad Mutinam, quo festinat animus, ut, etc.... Tres ergo ut dixi viae,

Cic. Phil. 12, 9, 22; cf. id. Part. 13, 46; id. de Or. 1, 57; id. Top. 19, 73; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4.—So (like igitur and inquam) after parenthetical sentences, Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; id. Fin. 2, 34, 113; id. Fam. 15, 10, 1.—Less freq. for inquam in a mere repetition:

mihi tuus pater, Pater hujus ergo, hospes Antidamas fuit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 91; or in beginning a subject with reference to the expectation of the auditors (cf. Gr. ara), then, now:

accipite ergo animis,

Verg. A. 10, 109; id. Cir. 29. See Hand Turs. II. pp. 440-467.

flā̆gro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [root in Sanscr. brag-, to glow; Gr. phlegô, phlegethô, phlox; Lat. fulgeo, fulgur, fulmen, flamma, flamen, fulvus; Angl.-Sax. blāc, pale; Germ. bleich; connected with flagito, flagitium, etc., by Corss. Ausspr. 1, 398], to flame, blaze, burn (class.; trop. signif. most freq.; not in Caes.; syn.: ardeo, deflagro, caleo, ferveo, etc.).

Lit.:

flagrantes onerariae,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 69:

crinemque flagrantem excutere,

Verg. A. 2, 685:

flagrabant ignes,

Ov. F. 6, 439:

intima pars hominum vero flagrabat ad ossa,

Lucr. 6, 1168:

flocci molles et sine oleo flagrant,

Plin. 16, 7, 10, § 28:

ut flagret (carbo),

id. 33, 13, 57, § 163.—

Trop., sc. according as the notion of heat or of the pain produced by burning predominates (cf. flamma, II.).

To be inflamed with passion (in a good and a bad sense), to blaze, glow, burn, be on fire, to be violently excited, stirred, provoked. —With abl.:

non dici potest, quam flagrem desiderio urbis,

Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; so,

desiderio tui,

id. ib. 7, 4, 1:

dicendi studio,

id. de Or. 1, 4, 14; cf.:

eximio litterarum amore, Quint. prooem. § 6: mirabili pugnandi cupiditate,

Nep. Milt. 5, 1:

cupiditate atque amentia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf. id. Clu. 5, 12:

amore,

id. Tusc. 4, 33, 71; Hor. Epod. 5, 81; cf.:

cupidine currus,

Ov. M. 2, 104:

libidinibus in mulieres,

Suet. Gramm. 23:

odio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

totam Italiam flagraturam bello intelligo,

id. Att. 7, 17, 4:

bello flagrans Italia,

id. de Or. 3, 2, 8:

convivia quae domesticis stupris flagitiisque flagrabunt,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 71.— Absol.:

flagrabant vitia libidinis apud illum,

id. Cael. 5, 12; cf.:

uti cujusque studium ex aetate flagrabat,

Sall. C. 14, 6.— Poet. with acc. of respect, to love:

caelestem flagrans amor Herculis Heben,

Prop. 1, 13, 23:

Cerberus et diris flagrat latratibus ora,

Verg. Cul. 220.—

Poet. as a v. a., to inflame with passion:

Elisam,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 120.—

To be greatly disturbed, annoyed, vexed; to suffer:

consules flagrant infamiā,

Cic. Att. 4, 18, 2; cf.:

invidiā et infamiā,

id. Verr. 1, 2, 5:

invidiā,

id. Clu. 49, 136; id. Sest. 67, 140: Tac. A. 13, 4; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21; Suet. Aug. 27; id. Galb. 16:

infamiā,

id. Caes. 52; id. Tib. 44:

rumore malo,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 125;

ignominiā et pudore,

Flor. 2, 18:

inopiā et cupidinibus,

Sall. Or. Philipp. p. 220 ed. Gerl.—Hence, flā̆grans, antis, P. a., flaming, blazing, burning, glowing.

Lit.: fulmen, Varr. Atacin. ap. Quint. 1, 5, 18; cf.

telum,

Verg. G. 1, 331:

flagrantis hora Caniculae,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 9; cf.:

flagrantissimo aestu,

Liv. 44, 36, 7:

genae,

Verg. A. 12, 65:

oscula,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 25.—

Transf., of color, glittering, shining:

(Aeneas) Sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis,

Verg. A. 12, 167:

redditur extemplo flagrantior aethere lampas (i. e. sol),

Sil. 12, 731.—

Trop., glowing with passion, ardent, eager, vehement:

oratoria studia quibus etiam te incendi, quamquam flagrantissimum acceperam,

Cic. Fat. 2, 3:

non mediocris orator, sed et ingenio peracri et studio flagranti,

id. de Or. 3, 61, 230:

recentibus praeceptorum studiis flagrans,

id. Mur. 31, 65:

flagrans, odiosa, loquacula, Lampadium fit,

flickering, restless, Lucr. 4, 1165:

in suis studiis flagrans cupiditas,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 44:

flagrantissima flagitia, adulteria,

Tac. A. 14, 51:

flagrantissimus amor,

Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 2:

Nero flagrantior in dies amore Poppaeae,

Tac. A. 14, 1; id. H. 4, 39:

Othonis flagrantissimae libidines,

id. ib. 2, 31; Val. Max. 8, 14 ext. 3:

studia plebis,

Tac. A. 2, 41 fin.:

aeger et flagrans animus,

id. ib. 3, 54:

flagrantior aequo Non debet dolor esse viri,

Juv. 13, 11: adhuc flagranti crimine comprehensi, i. e. in the very act, Cod. Just. 9, 13, 1.—Hence, flā̆granter, adv., ardently, vehemently, eagerly (post-Aug.):

Germani exarsere flagrantius,

Amm. 31, 10, 5:

flagrantius amare,

Fronto, Ep. ad Anton. 2 ed. Mai.:

flagrantissime cupĕre,

Tac. A. 1, 3.

grăvis, e, adj. [Sanscr. gurus (root gar-); Gr. barus, heavy; gravis, for gar-uis; cf. also Brutus]. With respect to weight, heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome; or pass., loaded, laden, burdened (opp. levis, light; in most of its significations corresp. to the Gr. barus; cf. onerosus, onerarius).

Lit. Absol. or with abl.

In gen.: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; so,

tellus,

Ov. M. 7, 355:

corpora,

Lucr. 2, 225 sq.; cf. id. 5, 450 sq.:

limus,

id. 5, 496:

in eo etiam cavillatus est, aestate grave esse aureum amiculum, hieme frigidum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83:

navigia,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8, 4; cf.:

tot ora navium gravi Rostrata duci pondere,

Hor. Epod. 4, 17:

cum gravius dorso (aselli) subiit onus,

id. S. 1, 9, 21:

sarcina,

id. Ep. 1, 13, 6: inflexi grave robur aratri, Verg. G. 1, 162:

cujus (tibicinae) Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26: terra, burdened (by the heavy body), Ov. M. 12, 118:

naves hostilibus spoliis graves,

heavily laden, Liv. 29, 35, 5; cf.:

agmen grave praedā,

id. 21, 5, 8;

for which also simply: grave agmen,

id. 31, 39, 2:

miles,

heavy-armed, Tac. A. 12, 35:

gravis aere dextra,

Verg. E. 1, 36:

cum fatalis equus saltu super ardua venit Pergama et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo,

i. e. filled, full, id. A. 6, 516 (an imitation of Maximo saltu superavit Gravidus armatis equus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; v. gravidus, II. b):

graves imbre nubes,

Liv. 28, 15, 11:

graves fructu vites,

Quint. 8, 3, 8:

gravis vinculis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 10.—

In partic.

With respect to value or number, heavy, great. So, aes grave, heavy money, money of the oldest standard, in which an as weighed a full pound: grave aes dictum a pondere, quia deni asses, singuli pondo libras, efficiebant denarium, etc., Paul. ex Fest. p. 98 Müll.:

et quia nondum argentum signatum erat, aes grave plaustris quidam (ex patribus) ad aerarium convehentes, etc.,

Liv. 4, 60, 6; 10, 46, 5; 22, 33, 2 et saep.:

populus Romanus ne argento quidem signato ante Pyrrhum regem devictum usus est: librales appendebantur asses. Quare aeris gravis poena dicta,

Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42: argentum, i. e. uncoined = rude:

placet argentum grave rustici patris sine ullo opere et nomine artificis,

Sen. Tranq. 1, 4:

notavit aliquos, quod pecunias levioribus usuris mutuati graviore fenore collocassent,

at a higher rate, Suet. Aug. 39; cf.:

in graviore annona,

id. ib. 25: grave pretium, a high price, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 314, 25.—With respect to number: graves pavonum greges, great or numerous flocks, Varr. ap. Non. 314, 31. —

For the usual gravidus, with young, pregnant ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

regina sacerdos Marte gravis,

Verg. A. 1, 274; cf.

uterus (shortly after: gravidus tumet venter),

Ov. M. 10, 495:

balaenae utero graves (shortly before, gravidae),

Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 13.—

Transf.

Of hearing or sound, deep, grave, low, bass (opp. acutus, treble):

vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. id. ib. 3, 57, 216:

qui (sonus) acuta cum gravibus temperans, varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

id. Rep. 6, 18:

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 17; 42: sonus, 2, 8, 15; 5, 10, 125; 11, 3, 41; Ov. M. 12, 203:

tenor,

Quint. 1, 5, 26:

syllaba,

i. e. unaccented, id. 1, 5, 22 sq.; 12, 10, 33.—

Of smell or flavor, strong, unpleasant, offensive:

an gravis hirsutis cubet hircus in alis,

rank, Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

chelydri,

Verg. G. 3, 415:

ellebori,

id. ib. 3, 451:

odor calthae,

strong, Plin. 21, 6, 15, § 28; cf.:

herba odore suaviter gravi,

id. 25, 9, 70, § 118; cf.

117: habrotonum odore jucunde gravi floret,

id. 21, 10, 34, § 60: absynthium ut bibam gravem, i. e. bitter, Varr. ap. Non. 19, 27, and 314, 14.—

Of the state of the body or health, gross, indigestible, unwholesome, noxious, severe; sick:

(Cleanthes) negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 24; so,

genera cibi graviora,

Cels. 2, 18:

gravissima bubula (caro),

id. ib.:

pisces gravissimi,

id. ib.:

neque ex salubri loco in gravem, neque ex gravi in salubrem transitus satis tutus est,

id. 1, 3; cf.:

solum caelumque juxta grave,

Tac. H. 5, 7:

solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra,

Verg. E. 10, 75:

anni tempore gravissimo et caloribus maximis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 1; cf.:

gravis auctumnus in Apulia circumque Brundisium ex saluberrimis Galliae et Hispaniae regionibus, omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

grave tempus et forte annus pestilens erat urbi agrisque,

Liv. 3, 6, 1; cf. also id. 3, 8, 1:

aestas,

Verg. G. 2, 377:

morbo gravis,

sick, id. ib. 3, 95; cf.:

gravis vulnere,

Liv. 21, 48, 4:

aetate et viribus gravior,

id. 2, 19, 6:

gravior de vulnere,

Val. Fl. 6, 65:

non insueta graves tentabunt pabula fetas,

sick, feeble, Verg. E. 1, 50; so absol.:

aut abit in somnum gravis,

heavy, languid, Lucr. 3, 1066.

Trop.

In a bad sense, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, troublesome, grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant (syn.: molestus, difficilis, arduus): qui labores morte finisset graves, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115:

quod numquam tibi senectutem gravem esse senserim... quibus nihil est in ipsis opis ad bene beateque vivendum, iis omnis aetas gravis est,

Cic. de Sen. 2, 4; cf.:

onus officii,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; id. Rep. 1, 23:

et facilior et minus aliis gravis aut molesta vita est otiosorum,

id. Off. 1, 21, 70; id. Rep. 1, 4:

miserior graviorque fortuna,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

haec si gravia aut acerba videantur, multo illa gravius aestimare debere, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 14 fin.:

velim si tibi grave non erit, me certiorem facias,

Cic. Fam. 13, 73, 2:

grave est homini pudenti petere aliquid magnum,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 4:

est in populum Romanum grave, non posse, etc.,

id. Balb. 7, 24:

verbum gravius,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret... quod si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 1 and 4:

gravissimum supplicium,

id. ib. 1, 31, 15:

habemus senatusconsultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

edictum,

Liv. 29, 21, 5:

gravioribus bellis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40:

gravis esse alicui,

id. Fam. 13, 76, 2; cf.:

adversarius imperii,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86:

gravior hostis,

Liv. 10, 18, 6:

senes ad ludum adolescentium descendant, ne sint iis odiosi et graves,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43:

gravis popularibus esse coepit,

Liv. 44, 30, 5.—Prov.:

gravis malae conscientiae lux est,

Sen. Ep. 122.—

In a good sense, weighty, important, grave; with respect to character, of weight or authority, eminent, venerable, great:

numquam erit alienis gravis, qui suis se concinnat levem,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

ea (honestas) certe omni pondere gravior habenda est quam reliqua omnia,

id. Off. 3, 8, 35; id. Deiot. 2, 5:

cum gravibus seriisque rebus satisfecerimus,

id. ib. 1, 29, 103:

auctoritas clarissimi viri et in rei publicae maximis gravissimisque causis cogniti,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf. causa, Lucil. ap. Non. 315, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 3; Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 4:

gravius erit tuum unum verbum ad eam rem, quam centum mea,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 107:

ut potentia senatus atque auctoritas minueretur: quae tamen gravis et magna remanebat,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

sententiis non tam gravibus et severis quam concinnis et venustis,

id. Brut. 95, 325:

gravior oratio,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 227:

nihil sibi gravius esse faciendum, quam ut, etc.,

id. Clu. 6, 16:

inceptis gravibus et magna professis,

Hor. A. P. 14:

exemplum grave praebet ales, etc.,

id. C. 4, 11, 26:

non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloria clariores, aut auctoritate graviores, aut humanitate politiores,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

et esse et videri omnium gravissimus et severissimus,

id. ib. 2, 56, 228:

homo prudens et gravis,

id. ib. 1, 9, 38:

neque oratio abhorrens a persona hominis gravissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 15 fin.:

auctor,

id. Pis. 6, 14:

testis,

id. Fam. 2, 2:

non idem apud graves viros, quod leviores (decet),

Quint. 11, 1, 45:

vir bonus et gravis,

id. 11, 3, 184:

gravissimi sapientiae magistri,

id. 12, 1, 36:

tum pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Conspexere,

Verg. A. 1, 151:

gravissima civitas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3:

gravem atque opulentam civitatem vineis et pluteis cepit,

an important city, Liv. 34, 17, 12.— Hence, adv.: grăvĭter.

Weightily, heavily, ponderously (very rare):

aëra per purum graviter simulacra feruntur,

Lucr. 4, 302; cf.:

graviter cadere,

id. 1, 741; Ov. P. 1, 7, 49.—

Transf.

Of tones, deeply:

natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; Lucr. 4, 543.—Far more freq.,

Vehemently, strongly, violently:

graviter crepuerunt fores,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 52; so,

spirantibus flabris,

Lucr. 6, 428; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 2:

pertentat tremor terras,

Lucr. 6, 287:

ferire aliquem,

Verg. A. 12, 295:

conquassari omnia,

Lucr. 5, 105; cf.:

quae gravissime afflictae erant naves,

Caes. B. G. 4, 31, 2.—

Trop.

Vehemently, violently, deeply, severely; harshly, unpleasantly, disagreeably:

graviter aegrotare,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 32:

se habere,

id. Att. 7, 2, 3:

neque is sum, qui gravissime ex vobis mortis periculo terrear,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30, 2:

gravissime dolere,

id. ib. 5, 54 fin.:

quem ego amarem graviter,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 87; cf.: placere occoepit graviter, postquam est mortua, [p. 829] Caecil. ap. Non. 314, 19:

tibi edepol iratus sum graviter,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 2:

cives gravissime dissentientes,

Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27:

si me meis civibus injuria suspectum tam graviter atque offensum viderem,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

graviter angi,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

tulit hoc commune dedecus jam familiae graviter filius,

with chagrin, vexation, id. Clu. 6, 16; cf.:

graviter et acerbe aliquid ferre,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:

graviter accipere aliquid,

id. de Or. 2, 52, 211; Tac. A. 13, 36; cf.:

adolescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

nolo in illum gravius dicere,

more harshly, id. Ad. 1, 2, 60; cf.:

de amplissimis viris gravissime acerbissimeque decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4; id. B. G. 3, 16, 4; cf.

also: severe et graviter et prisce agere,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

ut non gravius accepturi viderentur, si nuntiarentur omnibus eo loco mortem oppetendam esse,

more sorrowfully, Liv. 9, 4, 6.—

In an impressive or dignified manner, impressively, gravely, seriously, with propriety or dignity:

his de rebus tantis tamque atrocibus neque satis me commode dicere neque satis graviter conqueri neque satis libere vociferari posse intelligo. Nam commoditati ingenium, gravitati aetas, libertati tempora sunt impedimento,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 9:

(Scipio) utrumque egit graviter,

with dignity, id. Lael. 21, 77:

res gestas narrare graviter,

id. Or. 9, 30; cf.:

locum graviter et copiose tractare,

id. Fin. 4, 2, 5.

intellĕgo (less correctly intellĭgo), exi, ectum (intellexti for intellexisti, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 30; Cic. Att. 13, 32, 3:

intellexes for intellexisses,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 81; subj. perf.:

intellegerint,

Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 23 Dietsch), 3, v. a. [inter-lego], to see into, perceive, understand.

Lit.

To perceive, understand, comprehend:

qualem autem deum intellegere nos possumus nulla virtute praeditum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 15, 38 Schoemann ad loc.:

haec dumtaxat in Graecis intellego, quae ipsi, qui scripserunt, voluerunt a vulgo intellegi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 14:

puderet me dicere non intellegere, si vos ipsi intellegeretis, qui ista defenditis,

id. N. D. 1, 39:

corpus quid sit intellego,

id. ib. 1, 26:

quare autem in his vis deorum insit, tum intellegam cum cognovero,

id. ib. 3, 24:

quam sis audax hinc omnes intellegere potuerunt, quod,

id. Rosc. Am. 31:

magna ex parvis,

id. Off. 1, 41:

intellexi ex tuis litteris, te audisse,

id. Att. 6, 9:

de gestu intellego, quid respondeas,

id. Vatin. 15:

intellegere et sapere plus quam ceteros,

id. Off. 2, 14:

cernere aliquid animo atque intellegere,

id. Top. 5:

facile intellectu est,

Nep. Dion. 9:

intellegi necesse est: esse deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 17; id. Tusc. 3, 5:

quocirca intellegi necesse est, in ipsis rebus invitamenta inesse,

id. Fin. 5, 11.—In answers, intellego corresponds to our I understand, go on, very well, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 63; Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 93.— Abl. absol.: intellecto; with rel. clause:

quidam bonorum caesi, postquam, intellecto in quos saeviretur, pessimi quoque arma rapuerant,

Tac. A. 1, 49;

intellecto quantum bellum suscitaret,

Just. 38, 3, 6.—

In partic., to have an accurate knowledge of or skill in a thing, to be a connoisseur:

faciunt intellegendo ut nihil intellegant,

Ter. And. prol. 17:

tametsi non multum in istis rebus intellego,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:

hoc nugatorium sciebam esse, ista intellegere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 14, §

33: quoniam non intellexerunt in operibus domini,

Lact. 4, 13, 18:

illi qui linguam ejus intellegebant,

Petr. S. 73, 3; Sen. Apoc. 5, 2.—

To distinguish:

oraculorum praestigias profani a veritate intellegere non possunt,

Lact. 2, 16.—

To see, perceive, observe by the understanding:

vehementer nunc mihi est irata: sentio atque intellego,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 64:

ubi neque cohortationes suas neque preces audiri intellegit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 42:

illi, ante inito, ut intellectum est, consilio,

id. B. G. 2, 33:

intellego, quid loquar,

Cic. Lig. 5.—

Of persons, to understand, comprehend, judge rightly (post-Aug.):

quod Catonem aetas sua parum intellexisset,

Sen. de Const. Sap. 1:

quando Socrates ab hominibus sui temporis parum intellegebatur,

Quint. 11, 1, 10; Vell. 2, 114, 5; Tac. A. 3, 3:

quem legatum tribunus ita et intellexit et cepit, ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 5. —

To understand a language: isti qui linguam avium intellegunt, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57, 131 (Trag. v. 83 Rib.):

in iis linguis quas non intellegimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 116:

quantum ego Graece scripta intellegere possum,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 55:

linguam ejus,

Sen. de M. Claud. 5, 2; Petr. 73.—

To understand by any thing, to take a thing to mean.

With in or sub aliqua re, or per aliquid: illa est eutaxia, in qua intellegitur ordinis conservatio, Cic. Off. 1, 40, 142:

sub hoc themate intellegere non hoc, sed, etc.,

Sen. Contr. 9, 28, 10:

intellego sub hoc verbo multa,

id. ib. 1, 2, 15:

per nemo homo,

Donat. ad Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 1:

solem sub appellatione Jovis,

Macr. S. 1, 23, 5:

per sagittas vim radiorum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 12. —

With two acc.:

non habeo quod intellegam bonum illud,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 41. —

With acc. and abl.: consuetudo omnibus his nominibus Argesten intellegi, Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121.—

Transf., to perceive, discern by the senses; to see, feel, notice. Alcumenam ante aedis stare saturam intellego, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 35: Si. Statum vide hominis, Callipho.... Ca. Bene confidenterque astitisse intellego, id. Ps. 1, 5, 41:

illa quidem primo nullos intellegit ignes,

Ov. M. 9, 456:

frigus,

Col. Arbor. 13:

vestigia hominum intellegi a feris,

Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 58; 28, 4, 14, § 55.— Hence, in-tellĕgens, entis, P. a., that has understanding or that understands a thing; intelligent, acquainted with.

In gen.:

semperne vulgi judicium cum intellegentium judicio congruit?

Cic. Brut. 49:

intellegens dicendi existimator,

id. ib. 54:

judicium,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 4:

vir,

id. Fin. 3, 5.—With gen.:

cujusvis generis ejus intellegens,

id. ib. 2, 20.— Comp.:

aliquid intellegentiore mente discutere,

Aug. Retract. 1, 19.—

In partic.

Intellegens alicujus, that understands a person, rightly estimates his character:

intellegens principis nostri, cujus videbam hanc esse laudem,

Plin. Ep. 6, 27, 2 Döring ad loc.—

Well skilled in matters of taste, a connoisseur:

signa pulcherrima quae non modo istum hominem, ingeniosum atque intellegentem, verum etiam quemvis nostrum, quos iste idiotas appellat, delectare possent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 4:

ut putetur in istis rebus intellegens esse,

id. ib. 2. 4, 15, § 33.— Adv.: intellĕgenter, intelligently:

ut amice, ut intelligenter, ut attente audiamur,

Cic. Part. 8, 28:

lectitare,

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 3.