Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

include+statement

  • 1 include statement

    директива препроцессора ( preprocessor directive) в языках C и C++, указывающая компилятору на включение в исходный текст указанного в ней файла, который содержит необходимые программе объявления данных, описания объектов и процедур
    см. тж. include file

    Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > include statement

  • 2 include statement

    Вычислительная техника: оператор включения

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > include statement

  • 3 include statement

    • naredba umetanja

    English-Serbian dictionary > include statement

  • 4 include statement

    • inštrukcia vclenenia

    English-Slovak dictionary > include statement

  • 5 include statement

    English-Russian information technology > include statement

  • 6 statement

    1) предложение, оператор [языка программирования]
    [осмысленное] предложение, записанное на ЯВУ, в соответствии с синтаксисом и семантикой данного языка. Иногда предложение ЯВУ определяется как наименьшая независимая часть программы, и сравнивается с предложением естественного языка

    Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > statement

  • 7 include file

    файл с исходным текстом, который может перед трансляцией с помощью директивы \#include включаться (встраиваться) препроцессором в текст основной программы. К включаемым файлам относятся заголовочные файлы (header file) в языках С/С++, а иногда и файлы библиотек макроопределений (macro library)

    Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > include file

  • 8 financial statement

    1. финансовый отчет (Сочи 2014)
    2. финансовый отчёт
    3. финансовая ведомость

     

    финансовая ведомость
    —
    [ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]

    Тематики

    • электросвязь, основные понятия

    EN

     

    финансовый отчет
    Документ, в котором представлена бухгалтерская информация о деятельности Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». К финансовым отчетам относятся баланс, отчет о прибылях и убытках, отчет о движении денежных средств, отчет об изменениях собственного капитала и др.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    financial statement
    The document, which provides accounting information about the activities of SOCHI 2014. The financial statements include a balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, statement of changes in equity, etc.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    финансовый отчёт
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > financial statement

  • 9 financial statement

    "A statement of a company's financial state as of the end of a defined period. A financial statement may include an operating statement (an income statement showing the results in terms of profit and loss of normal business activities), a balance sheet (assets and liabilities), and other financial information."

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > financial statement

  • 10 profit and loss statement

    Fin
    the summary record of a company’s sales revenues and expenses over a period, providing a calculation of profits or losses during that time.
    Abbr. P&L
    EXAMPLE
    Companies typically issue P&L reports monthly. It is customary for the reports to include year-to-date figures, as well as corresponding year-earlier figures to allow for comparisons and analysis.
         There are two P&L formats, multiple-step and single-step. Both follow a standard set of rules known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). These rules generally adhere to requirements established by governments to track receipts, expenses, and profits for tax purposes. They also allow the financial reports of two different companies to be compared.
         The multiple-step format is much more common, because it includes a larger number of details and is thus more useful. It deducts costs from revenues in a series of steps, allowing for closer analysis. Revenues appear first, then expenses, each in as much detail as management desires. Sales may be broken down by product line or location, while expenses such as salaries may be broken down into base salaries and commissions.
         Expenses are then subtracted from revenues to show profit (or loss). A basic multiple-step P&L looks like this:
         P&Ls of public companies may also report income on the basis of earnings per share. For example, if the company issuing this statement had 12,000 shares outstanding, earnings per share would be $5.12, that is, $61,440 divided by 12,000 shares.

    The ultimate business dictionary > profit and loss statement

  • 11 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 12 schedule

    1. noun
    1) (list) Tabelle, die; (for event, festival) Programm, das
    2) (plan of procedure) Zeitplan, der
    3) (set of tasks) Terminplan, der; Programm, das

    work/study schedule — Arbeits-/Studienplan, der

    4) (tabulated statement) Aufstellung, die
    5) (time stated in plan)
    2. transitive verb
    1) (make plan of) zeitlich planen
    2) (make timetable of) einen Fahrplan aufstellen für; (include in timetable) in den Fahrplan aufnehmen
    * * *
    ['ʃedju:l, ]( American[) 'sked-] 1. noun
    (a statement of details, especially of timing of activities, or of things to be done: a work schedule for next month.) der Plan
    2. verb
    (to plan the time of (an event etc): The meeting is scheduled for 9.00 a.m.) planen
    * * *
    sched·ule
    [ˈʃedju:l, AM ˈskeʤu:l]
    I. n
    1. (timetable) [Zeit-/Fahr]plan m
    bus/train \schedule Bus-/Zugfahrplan m
    flight \schedule Flugplan m
    teaching \schedule Lehrplan m
    to draw up [or plan] a \schedule einen Plan erstellen
    to keep to a \schedule sich akk an einen Zeitplan halten
    2. (plan of work) Terminplan m, Zeitplan m; (plan of event) Programm nt
    everything went according to \schedule alles lief nach Zeitplan
    ahead of \schedule früher als geplant
    on \schedule fristgerecht, fristgemäß
    3. (official listing/form) Aufstellung f, Liste f
    \schedule B FIN Einkommenssteuergruppe f B, [zu versteuernde] Einkünfte aus der Forstwirtschaft
    \schedule D FIN Einkommenssteuergruppe f D
    4. (routine) [Arbeits-/Tages]ablauf m
    5. FIN Verzeichnis der Zinssätze
    tax \schedules BRIT Steuerklassen pl
    \schedule of fees Gebührenordnung f
    \schedule of redemption Tilgungsplan m
    II. vt
    ▪ to \schedule sth
    1. (list officially) etw festlegen [o aufführen
    2. (plan) etw ansetzen [o anberaumen]
    to \schedule a meeting eine Besprechung ansetzen
    they've \scheduled him to speak at three o'clock sie haben seine Rede für drei Uhr geplant
    the restoration work is \scheduled to begin early next year die Restaurationsarbeiten sollen Anfang nächsten Jahres beginnen
    * * *
    ['skedZʊəl] (esp Brit) ['ʃedjuːl]
    1. n
    1) (of events) Programm nt; (of work) Zeitplan m; (of lessons) Stundenplan m; (esp US = timetable) Fahr-/Flugplan m; (US = list) Verzeichnis nt

    production schedule — Produktionsplan m, Fertigungsprogramm nt

    what's on the schedule for today? — was steht für heute auf dem Programm?

    according to schedule — planmäßig; (work also) nach Plan

    the bus was on schedule — der Bus war pünktlich, der Bus kam fahrplanmäßig an

    the work is ahead of/behind schedule — wir/sie etc sind (mit der Arbeit) dem Zeitplan voraus/in Verzug or im Rückstand

    2) (= insurance, mortgage schedule) Urkunde f; (US JUR = appendix) Anhang m
    2. vt
    planen; (= put on programme, timetable) ansetzen; (US = list) aufführen

    the work is scheduled for completion in 3 months — die Arbeit soll (nach dem or laut Zeitplan) in 3 Monaten fertig(gestellt) sein

    this building is scheduled for demolition — es ist geplant, dieses Gebäude abzureißen

    she is scheduled to speak tomorrow —

    trains/buses to New York will be scheduled differently — die Abfahrtszeiten der Züge/Busse nach New York werden geändert

    * * *
    schedule [ˈʃedjuːl; US ˈskedʒuːl]
    A s
    1. Liste f, Tabelle f, Aufstellung f, Verzeichnis n, JUR auch Konkurstabelle f
    2. besonders JUR Zusatzartikel m, Anhang m
    3. a) Zeitplan m, (Radsport) Marschtabelle f, (Lehr-, Arbeits-, Stunden) Plan m
    b) Fahr-, Flugplan m:
    four months ahead of schedule vier Monate früher als vorgesehen;
    be ahead of schedule dem Zeitplan voraus sein;
    be behind schedule Verspätung haben, weitS. a. im Verzug oder Rückstand sein;
    be on schedule (fahr)planmäßig oder pünktlich ankommen
    c) Terminkalender m
    4. a) Formblatt n, Formular n
    b) Fragebogen m
    5. WIRTSCH
    a) Einkommensteuerformular n
    b) Steuerklasse f
    6. obs Dokument n
    B v/t
    1. etwas in einer Liste etc oder tabellarisch zusammenstellen
    2. (in eine Liste etc) eintragen, -fügen:
    the train is scheduled to leave at six der Zug fährt fahrplanmäßig um 6 (ab)
    3. besonders JUR (als Anhang) beifügen (to dat)
    4. a) festlegen, -setzen:
    the fight is scheduled for 10 rounds (Boxen) der Kampf ist auf 10 Runden angesetzt;
    the operation is scheduled for today MED die Operation ist auf heute angesetzt
    b) planen, vorsehen
    5. klassifizieren
    sched. abk schedule
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (list) Tabelle, die; (for event, festival) Programm, das
    2) (plan of procedure) Zeitplan, der
    3) (set of tasks) Terminplan, der; Programm, das

    work/study schedule — Arbeits-/Studienplan, der

    4) (tabulated statement) Aufstellung, die
    2. transitive verb
    1) (make plan of) zeitlich planen
    2) (make timetable of) einen Fahrplan aufstellen für; (include in timetable) in den Fahrplan aufnehmen
    * * *
    n.
    Liste -n f.
    Tabelle -n f.
    Terminplan m.
    Verzeichnis n.
    Zeitplan -¨e m. v.
    festlegen v.
    planen v.
    unter Denkmalschutz stellen ausdr.

    English-german dictionary > schedule

  • 13 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 14 window-dressing

    бухгалтерские уловки (для приведения баланса в соответствие с требованиями); причесывание баланса (разг.)
    . Sprucing up a balance sheet, financial statement, etc. for a monthly, quarterly, or annual report. Examples include trying to collect receivables just before the end of a quarter; booking sales at the very end of the period; in the case of a mutual fund, selling less desirable or investments with losses and replacing them with higher quality issues before the statement date. . Словарь экономических терминов .

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > window-dressing

  • 15 activity based costing

    Fin, Gen Mgt
    a method of calculating the cost of a business by focusing on the actual cost of activities, thereby producing an estimate of the cost of individual products or services.
    Abbr. ABC
    EXAMPLE
    An ABC cost-accounting system requires three preliminary steps: converting to an accrual method of accounting; defining cost centers and cost allocation; and determining process and procedure costs.
         Businesses have traditionally relied on the cash basis of accounting, which recognizes income when received and expenses when paid. ABC’s foundation is the accrual-basis income statement. The numbers this statement presents are assigned to the various procedures performed during a given period. Cost centers are a company’s identifiable products and services, but also include specific and detailed tasks within these broader activities. Defining cost centers will of course vary by business and method of operation. What is critical to ABC is the inclusion of all activities and all resources.
         Once cost centers are identified, management teams can begin studying the activities each one engages in and allocating the expenses each one incurs, including the cost of employee services.
         The most appropriate method is developed from time studies and direct expense allocation. Management teams who choose this method will need to devote several months to data collection in order to generate sufficient information to establish the personnel components of each activity’s total cost.
         Time studies establish the average amount of time required to complete each task, plus bestand worst-case performances. Only those resources actually used are factored into the cost computation; unused resources are reported separately. These studies can also advise management teams how best to monitor and allocate expenses which might otherwise be expressed as part of general overheads, or go undetected altogether.

    The ultimate business dictionary > activity based costing

  • 16 profit and loss account

    Fin
    the summary record of a company’s sales revenues and expenses over a period, providing a calculation of profits or losses during that time.
    Abbr. P&L
    EXAMPLE
    Companies typically issue P&L reports monthly. It is customary for the reports to include year-to-date figures, as well as corresponding year-earlier figures to allow for comparisons and analysis.
         There are two P&L formats, multiple-step and single-step. Both follow a standard set of rules known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). These rules generally adhere to requirements established by governments to track receipts, expenses, and profits for tax purposes. They also allow the financial reports of two different companies to be compared.
         The multiple-step format is much more common, because it includes a larger number of details and is thus more useful. It deducts costs from revenues in a series of steps, allowing for closer analysis. Revenues appear first, then expenses, each in as much detail as management desires. Sales may be broken down by product line or location, while expenses such as salaries may be broken down into base salaries and commissions.
         Expenses are then subtracted from revenues to show profit (or loss). A basic multiple-step P&L looks like this:
         P&Ls of public companies may also report income on the basis of earnings per share. For example, if the company issuing this statement had 12,000 shares outstanding, earnings per share would be $5.12, that is, $61,440 divided by 12,000 shares.

    The ultimate business dictionary > profit and loss account

  • 17 annual report

    Fin
    a document prepared each year to give a true and fair view of a company’s state of affairs.
         Annual reports are issued to shareholders and filed at the Securities and Exchange Commission in accordance with the provisions of company legislation. Contents include a profit and loss account and balance sheet, a cash flow statement, directors’ report, auditor’s report, and, where a company has subsidiaries, the company’s group accounts.
         The financial statements are the main purpose of the annual report, and usually include notes to the accounts. These amplify numerous points contained in the figures and are critical for anyone wishing to study the accounts in detail.

    The ultimate business dictionary > annual report

  • 18 expand

    (to make or grow larger; to spread out wider: Metals expand when heated; He does exercises to expand his chest; The school's activities have been expanded to include climbing and mountaineering.) ampliar, aumentar, dilatar, crecer
    - expansion
    expand vb ampliar / crecer / extender
    tr[ɪk'spænd]
    1 (enlarge - business) ampliar; (- number) aumentar, incrementar
    2 (gas, metal) dilatar, expandir
    1 (grow larger) crecer, aumentar
    2 (metal) dilatarse; (gas) expandirse, expansionarse
    3 (spread out) extenderse
    4 (become friendlier) abrirse, volverse expansivo,-a
    expand [ɪk'spænd, ɛk-] vt
    1) enlarge: expandir, dilatar, aumentar, ampliar
    2) extend: extender
    expand vi
    1) enlarge: ampliarse, extenderse
    2) : expandirse, dilatarse (dícese de los metales, gases, etc.)
    v.
    • alargar v.
    • ampliar v.
    • desarrollar v.
    • descoger v.
    • dilatar v.
    • engrosar v.
    • ensanchar v.
    • expandir v.
    • expansionar v.
    • extender v.
    • tender v.
    ɪk'spænd
    1.
    1) ( enlarge) expandir; \<\<lungs\>\> ensanchar, dilatar; \<\<chest\>\> desarrollar; \<\<horizons\>\> ampliar*, ensanchar; \<\<influence/role\>\> extender*
    2) \<\<story/summary\>\> ampliar*

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) \<\<metal/gas\>\> expandirse; \<\<elastic/rubber band\>\> estirarse
    b) expanding pres p <industry/market> en expansión

    to expand ON something — extenderse* sobre or en algo

    [ɪks'pænd]
    1. VT
    1) [+ market, operations, business] ampliar; [+ metal] dilatar; [+ number] aumentar; [+ chest] expandir; [+ wings] abrir, desplegar; [+ influence, knowledge] aumentar, ampliar
    2) (=develop) [+ statement, notes] ampliar
    3) (=broaden) [+ experience, mind] ampliar, extender; [+ horizons] ampliar, ensanchar
    2. VI
    1) [gas, metal, lungs] dilatarse; [market, operations, business] ampliarse

    to expand (up)on — [+ notes, story] ampliar, desarrollar

    2) [person] (=relax) distenderse
    * * *
    [ɪk'spænd]
    1.
    1) ( enlarge) expandir; \<\<lungs\>\> ensanchar, dilatar; \<\<chest\>\> desarrollar; \<\<horizons\>\> ampliar*, ensanchar; \<\<influence/role\>\> extender*
    2) \<\<story/summary\>\> ampliar*

    2.
    vi
    1)
    a) \<\<metal/gas\>\> expandirse; \<\<elastic/rubber band\>\> estirarse
    b) expanding pres p <industry/market> en expansión

    to expand ON something — extenderse* sobre or en algo

    English-spanish dictionary > expand

  • 19 ■ take in

    ■ take in
    v. t. + avv.
    1 portare (o mettere) dentro; accompagnare dentro; fare entrare in casa; arrestare: We'd better take the hay in, sarebbe bene portare dentro il fieno; Take the lady in, accompagna la signora dentro!
    2 accogliere; prendere in casa; ospitare; prendere (q.) a pensione: to take in an orphan, prendere in casa un orfano; to take in travellers, ospitare viandanti
    3 prendere ( lavoro) a domicilio: to take in sewing, prendere lavoro di cucito da fare a casa
    4 assumere, prendere (fam.) ( dipendenti e sim.)
    5 comprendere; includere; ricoprire (fig.): The Roman Empire once took in most of the known world, un tempo l'impero romano comprendeva la maggior parte del mondo allora conosciuto; This tour takes in a visit to the Vatican Museums, questo tour include una visita ai Musei Vaticani
    6 osservare; esaminare; guardare con attenzione; studiare (fig.): The boy took in the scene with great interest, il ragazzo ha osservato la scena con grande interesse
    7 assimilare; assorbire (fig.); bere (fam.): to take in new ideas, assimilare idee nuove; to take in sb. 's lies, bere le fandonie dette da q.
    8 comprendere; intendere; capire; afferrare: I cannot take in what he is saying, non afferro (o non riesco a capire) quello che sta dicendo
    9 stringere; restringere ( un indumento): This skirt needs taking in at the waist, questa gonna va ristretta in vita
    10 ricevere regolarmente ( una pubblicazione); essere abbonato a: We take in «The Times», siamo abbonati al «Times»
    11 imbrogliare; ingannare; fregare (fam.): The old man was taken in by the two conmen, l'anziano è stato ingannato dai due imbroglioni
    12 (naut.) ammainare ( le vele); ridurre ( la velatura)
    13 (fam. USA) visitare, vedere ( una mostra e sim.) □ (naut.) to take in ballast, imbarcare zavorra; zavorrare □ to take in a breath of fresh air, respirare un po' d'aria fresca □ to take in a false statement, prestar fede a una dichiarazione falsa □ to take in a play, vedere una commedia; andare a teatro □ (naut.) to take in a reef, prendere un terzarolo □ (naut.) to take in stores, rifornirsi di provviste; imbarcare viveri □ (naut.) to take in water, imbarcare acqua.

    English-Italian dictionary > ■ take in

  • 20 take

    take [teɪk]
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    1. noun
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► vb: pret took, ptp taken
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    1. noun
       a. (for film) prise f de vue(s) ; (Recording) enregistrement m
       b. ( = takings) (US) recette f
       c. ( = share) (inf) part f
       d. ( = view) (inf) point m de vue
       a. prendre
    • do you take sugar? vous prenez du sucre ?
    • he takes "The Times" il lit le « Times »
    • to take sth upon o.s. prendre qch sur soi
    • to take it upon o.s. to do sth prendre sur soi de faire qch
    ► to take + from
       b. ( = subtract) soustraire ( from de)
    • he took $10 off the price il a fait une remise de 10 dollars
       c. ( = capture) attraper ; [+ prize, degree] obtenir
       d. ( = earn) (British) the shop takes about £5,000 per day le magasin fait un chiffre d'affaires d'environ 5 000 livres par jour
       e. ( = occupy) is this seat taken? cette place est-elle prise ?
       f. ( = negotiate) [+ bend] prendre ; [+ hill] grimper ; [+ fence] sauter
       g. ( = sit) [+ exam, test] passer
       h. ( = study) [+ subject] faire
       i. ( = teach) [+ class, students] faire cours à
       j. ( = tolerate) [+ behaviour, remark] accepter
       k. ( = have as capacity) contenir
       l. ( = accept) [+ gift, payment, bribe, bet] accepter ; [+ news] supporter
    • he won't take less than $50 for it il ne le laissera pas pour moins de 50 dollars
    • take it from me! croyez-moi (sur parole) !
    • take five! (inf) ( = have a break) repos !
       m. ( = assume) supposer
    • what do you take me for? pour qui me prenez-vous ?
       n. ( = consider) prendre
       o. ( = require) prendre
    • he's got what it takes! (inf) il est à la hauteur
       p. ( = carry) porter
    • he takes home £200 a week il gagne 200 livres net par semaine
    • £20 doesn't take you far these days de nos jours on ne va pas loin avec 20 livres
    • what took you to Lille? pourquoi êtes-vous allés à Lille ?
    [vaccination, plant cutting] prendre
    [+ person] tenir de
    [+ machine, engine, toy] démonter ; ( = criticize harshly) (inf) démolir (inf)
       a. ( = carry away) emporter ; ( = lead away) emmener
       b. ( = remove) [+ object] retirer( ( from sb à qn), from sth de qch ;) [+ sb's child] enlever ( from sb à qn)
       a. ( = accept back) [+ person] reprendre
    • I take it all back! je n'ai rien dit !
       b. [+ book, goods] rapporter ; [+ person] raccompagner
       a. [+ object from shelf] descendre ; [+ picture] décrocher ; [+ poster] enlever
       b. ( = dismantle) démonter
       c. [+ notes, letter, details] prendre► take in separable transitive verb
       a. (into building) [+ person] faire entrer
       b. [+ homeless person, stray dog] recueillir
       c. [+ skirt, waistband] reprendre
       d. ( = include) comprendre
       e. ( = understand) comprendre
       f. ( = deceive) (inf) avoir (inf)
    [person] partir ; [aircraft, career, scheme] décoller
       a. ( = remove) [+ garment, lid] enlever ; [+ telephone receiver] décrocher ; [+ item on menu] supprimer
       b. ( = lead away) emmener
    • to take o.s. off s'en aller
       c. (British) ( = imitate) imiter► take on
       a. [+ work, responsibility] se charger de ; [challenger in game, fight] accepter d'affronter
       b. [+ employee] embaucher ; [+ passenger] embarquer ; [+ form, qualities] prendre
       c. ( = contend with) s'attaquer à
       a. ( = lead or carry outside) sortir
       b. (from pocket, drawer) prendre (from, of dans ) ; ( = remove) retirer ; [+ tooth] arracher ; [+ appendix, tonsils] enlever
    • don't take it out on me! (inf) ne t'en prends pas à moi !
       c. [+ insurance policy] souscrire à► take over
    [dictator, army, political party] prendre le pouvoir
       a. ( = assume responsibility for) [+ business, shop] reprendre
       b. ( = get control of) [+ company] prendre le contrôle de► take to inseparable transitive verb
       a. ( = conceive liking for) [+ person] se prendre de sympathie pour ; [+ game, action, study] prendre goût à
    • she took to telling everyone... elle s'est mise à dire à tout le monde...
       a. [+ carpet] enlever ; [+ hem] raccourcir ; (after interruption) [+ one's work, book] reprendre ; [+ conversation, discussion, story] reprendre (le fil de)
       b. ( = occupy) [+ space, time] prendre ; [+ attention] occuper
       c. ( = raise question of) aborder
       d. ( = start) [+ hobby, subject, sport] se mettre à ; [+ career] embrasser ; [+ challenge] relever
    * * *
    [teɪk] 1.
    1) Cinema prise f (de vues); Music enregistrement m
    2) ( catch) ( of fish) prise f; ( of game) tableau m de chasse
    2.
    transitive verb (prét took; pp taken)
    1) ( take hold of) prendre [object, money]

    to take something from — prendre quelque chose sur [shelf, table]; prendre quelque chose dans [drawer, box]

    to take somebody by the hand/throat — prendre quelqu'un par la main/à la gorge

    2) ( carry with one) emporter, prendre [object]; ( carry to a place) emporter, porter [object]

    to take somebody something —

    to take something upstairs/downstairs — monter/descendre quelque chose

    3) (accompany, lead) emmener [person]

    to take somebody to — [bus, road] conduire quelqu'un à [place]

    to take somebody to school/work — emmener quelqu'un à l'école/au travail

    you can't take him anywhere! — hum il n'est pas sortable!

    4) ( go by) prendre [bus, taxi, plane, road, path]
    5) ( negotiate) [driver, car] prendre [corner, bend]; [horse] sauter [fence]
    6) (capture, win) [army] prendre [fortress, city, chess piece]; ( in cards) faire [trick]; [person] remporter [prize]
    7) ( have) prendre [bath, shower, holiday]; prendre [milk, sugar, pills]

    I'll take a pound of apples, please — donnez-moi une livre de pommes, s'il vous plaît

    8) ( accept) accepter [job, cheque, credit card, bribe]; prendre [patients, pupils, phone call]; [machine] accepter [coins]; supporter [pain, criticism]; accepter [punishment]

    will you take £10 for the radio? — je vous offre 10 livres sterling en échange de votre radio

    that's my last offer, take it or leave it! — c'est ma dernière proposition, c'est à prendre ou à laisser!

    9) ( require) [activity, course of action] demander, exiger [patience, skill, courage]; Linguistics [verb] prendre [object]; [preposition] être suivi de [case]
    10) ( react to) prendre [news, matter, comments]
    11) ( adopt) adopter [view, attitude]; prendre [measures, steps]

    to take the view ou attitude that — être d'avis que, considérer que

    12) ( assume)

    to take somebody for ou to be something — prendre quelqu'un pour quelque chose

    13) ( consider) prendre [person, example, case]

    take Jack (for example), he has brought a family up by himself — prends Jack, il a élevé une famille tout seul

    14) ( record) prendre [notes, statement, letter]; prendre [pulse, temperature, blood pressure]; Photography prendre [photograph]

    to take somebody's measurements — ( for clothes) prendre les mesures de quelqu'un

    15) ( hold) [hall, bus] pouvoir contenir [50 people, 50 passengers]; [tank, container] avoir une capacité de [quantity]
    16) School, University ( study) prendre, faire [subject]; suivre [course]; prendre [lessons] (in de); ( sit) passer [exam, test]; ( teach) [teacher, lecturer] faire cours à [students]
    17) ( wear) ( in clothes) faire [size]

    what size do you take? — ( in clothes) quelle taille faîtes-vous?; ( in shoes) quelle est votre pointure?, quelle pointure faîtes-vous?

    I take a size 5 — ( in shoes) je chausse du 38

    18) Mathematics ( subtract) soustraire [number, quantity]
    19) ( officiate at) [priest] célébrer [service]
    3.
    intransitive verb (prét took; pp taken) ( have desired effect) [drug] faire effet; [dye] prendre; ( grow successfully) [plant] prendre
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    to be on the take — (colloq) toucher des pots-de-vin

    to take it ou a lot out of somebody — fatiguer beaucoup quelqu'un

    English-French dictionary > take

Страницы
  • 1
  • 2

См. также в других словарях:

  • statement of capital — United Kingdom As required by the Companies Act 2006, a company must file a statement of capital with the Registrar of Companies on formation, with the annual return and following an alteration of share capital. The statement must include… …   Law dictionary

  • statement of stockholders' equity — USA In financial accounting, a statement which presents the balances in a company s stockholders equity accounts as of the beginning and the end of a particular time period and the changes in each account during the reporting period. The major… …   Law dictionary

  • Statement of Stockholders' Equity — USA In financial accounting, a statement which presents the balances in a company s stockholders equity accounts as of the beginning and the end of a particular time period and the changes in each account during the reporting period. The major… …   Law dictionary

  • Statement veracity analysis — There are three principal disciplines of Statement Veracity Analysis.1) Criteria Based Content Analysis ( CBCA)2) Statement Content Analysis ( SCAN ) ª3) Scientific Content Analysis ( SCAN )The study of Statement Analysis is the study of Verbal… …   Wikipedia

  • Statement of retained earnings — Accountancy Key concepts Accountant · Accounting period · Bookkeeping · Cash and accrual basis · Cash flow management · Chart of accounts  …   Wikipedia

  • Statement Stuffer — A type of sales brochure included in a customer s account statement. Most statement stuffers include some sort of short application and information about other financial services that the customer can obtain. Statement stuffers provide a… …   Investment dictionary

  • Statement of holdings —   An ISO term. A statement sent by a custodian which lists, as of a specified date, the quantity and identification of the securities and optionally other holdings, held by the sender for the receiver or the receiver s customer. The statement may …   International financial encyclopaedia

  • Statement of pending transactions —   An ISO term. A statement sent by a custodian identifying all transactions, as of a specified date, in a specified account for which instructions have been received but have not yet been effected. The statement may also include future… …   International financial encyclopaedia

  • include — transitive verb (included; including) Etymology: Middle English, from Latin includere, from in + claudere to close more at close Date: 15th century 1. to shut up ; enclose 2. to take in or comprise as a part of a whole or group 3. to contain… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • server side include —    Abbreviated SSI. A method used to create dynamic Web pages. The INCLUDE statement is used to embed commands within an HTML document and tells the Web server to perform specific tasks. A common way of using INCLUDE is to tell the server to load …   Dictionary of networking

  • financial statement — n: a statement of one s status with regard to money or wealth compare financing statement Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996. fi …   Law dictionary

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»