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  • 81 reducir

    v.
    1 to reduce.
    nos han reducido el sueldo our salary has been cut
    reducir algo a algo to reduce something to something
    reducir algo al absurdo to make a nonsense of something
    Ella redujo la velocidad She reduced the speed.
    2 to suppress, to subdue (someter) (país, ciudad).
    3 to convert (Mat) (convertir).
    4 to set (medicine).
    5 to shorten, to shrink.
    Ellos redujeron las tablas They shortened the boards.
    6 to cut down, to depress, to de-escalate, to deescalate.
    Ellos redujeron los gastos They cut down expenses.
    7 to conquer, to subdue, to subjugate.
    Ellos redujeron a los nativos They conquered the natives.
    8 to hydrogenate.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ CONDUCIR], like link=conducir conducir
    1 (gen) to reduce
    2 (disminuir) to reduce, cut, cut down on
    3 (vencer) to subdue
    4 MEDICINA to set
    5 (una salsa, etc) to reduce, boil down
    1 AUTOMÓVIL to change down, change to a lower gear
    1 (gen) to be reduced; (decrecer) to decrease
    2 (resultar) to come down (a, to)
    * * *
    verb
    1) to reduce, cut
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=disminuir)
    a) [en cantidad] [+ gastos, inflación, precio] to reduce, bring down, cut; [+ tensión, ansiedad] to reduce; [+ riesgo] to reduce, lessen

    el autobús redujo su velocidad — the bus reduced speed, the bus slowed down

    el banco redujo su beneficio un 12% — the bank saw its profits fall by 12%

    • reducir algo en algo — to reduce sth by sth, cut sth by sth

    tenemos que reducir la producción en un 20% — we have to reduce o cut production by 20%

    • reducir a la mínima expresión — to reduce to the bare minimum

    • reducir algo al mínimo — to reduce o cut sth to the minimum

    • reducir algo a la mitad — to cut sth by half

    b) [en tiempo] [+ jornada laboral] to reduce, shorten; [+ sentencia] to reduce

    han reducido la mili a nueve meses — they have reduced o cut military service to nine months

    c) [en tamaño] [+ copia] to reduce; [+ discurso, artículo] to cut down, shorten
    2)

    • reducir algo a algo —

    a) (=limitar) to limit sth to sth; (=simplificar) to reduce sth to sth
    b) (=convertir) [+ cantidad, medida] to convert sth into sth; [+ fracción, ecuación] to reduce sth into sth
    3) (=someter) [+ ladrón, fugitivo, loco] to overpower; [+ alborotadores] to subdue; [+ fortaleza] to subdue, reduce frm

    • reducir a algn a la obediencia — to bring sb to heel

    • reducir a algn al silencio — [por la fuerza, por miedo] to silence sb; [por vergüenza, humillación] to reduce sb to silence

    4) (Med) [+ hueso, hernia] to set, reduce frm
    5) (Quím) to reduce
    6) LAm [en el mercado negro] to get rid of *
    2.
    VI (Aut) to change down
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <gastos/costos> to cut, reduce; <velocidad/producción/consumo> to reduce

    reducir al mínimo los riesgos — to minimize o to reduce the risks to a minimum

    le redujeron la pena — they shortened o reduced his sentence

    reducir algo a su mínima expresión — (Mat) to reduce something to its simplest form

    b) <fotocopia/fotografía> to reduce
    2)

    reducir algo A algo: reducir los gramos a milígramos to convert the grams to milligrams; quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes; mis ilusiones quedaron reducidas a la nada — my dreams came to nothing

    b) (Quím) to reduce
    c) (AmS) < objeto robado> to receive, fence (colloq)
    3) ( dominar) <enemigo/rebeldes> to subdue; < ladrón> to overpower
    4) <fractura/hernia> to set, reduce (tech)
    2.
    1) (Coc) to reduce, boil down
    2) (Auto) to shift into a lower gear
    3.
    reducirse v pron

    reducirse A algo: todo se reduce a tener tacto it all comes down to being tactful; todo se redujo a un paseo por el río — in the end it was just a walk by the river

    * * *
    = abridge, compress, contract, curtail, erode, gut, narrow, prune, reduce, shorten, stifle, lower, cut back (on), cut, cut down (on), deplete, lessen, pare down, keep down + Nombre, retrench, narrow down, whittle (away/down/at), slim down, slow down, slow up, taper, wind + Nombre + down, cut + Nombre + short, scale back, downgrade [down-grade], shave off, shrink, mark + Nombre + down.
    Ex. Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.
    Ex. A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.
    Ex. In the face of emergencies, breadth of vision tends to contract, narrowing the range of responses.
    Ex. The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.
    Ex. These arrangements should also erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.
    Ex. Prices of European produced scientific, technical and medical serials continue to gut US research libraries.
    Ex. Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that the users may broaden or narrow the search parameters.
    Ex. More balanced schedules were achieved by pruning the 31000 subjects enumerated in the fourteenth edition to 4700.
    Ex. The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.
    Ex. If there are holds on the title, the loan period is shortened to 14 days.
    Ex. Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.
    Ex. When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.
    Ex. But higher education, which expanded between 1959 and 1979 from 164,000 to 519,600 students in full-time higher education, has also been cutting back on purchases.
    Ex. 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.
    Ex. Abstracts cut down considerably on legwork in hunting for information.
    Ex. This intermediate grade would equate with the senior library assistant, a category much depleted in UK academic librarianship.
    Ex. Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.
    Ex. He said again that we should pare it down to something much more in line with his figures.
    Ex. Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.
    Ex. In the face of overpublishing and growing scepticism, this once booming area is now retrenching and broadening its coverage = En vista del exceso de publicaciones y del creciente escepticismo, este área que una vez estuvo en auge ahora ha venido a menos.
    Ex. By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.
    Ex. However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.
    Ex. The abundance of book types and titles makes display and merchandising increasingly difficult; some booksellers are dealing with this by slimming down or cutting out certain categories.
    Ex. However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.
    Ex. Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.
    Ex. The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.
    Ex. Not the least of the ironies of this venture is that going ahead with it is as full of hazard as winding it down abruptly.
    Ex. May I just cut you short, because I've discussed this problem with Peter Jacobs just this week.
    Ex. He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.
    Ex. The opposite of the 'halo effect' -- downgrading someone you dislike but whose work is good -- is also an error.
    Ex. You can shave off as much as 50% or even more from your current rate for home insurance in Arizona.
    Ex. The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.
    Ex. They have just marked down all summer handbags to 50 percent off.
    ----
    * que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.
    * reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.
    * reducir a la mitad = halve, cut in + half, halve, reduce by + half.
    * reducir a la nada = reduce to + nil.
    * reducir al mínimo = minimise [minimize, -USA], reduce to + a minimum, cut down to + a minimum, keep to + a (bare) minimum, cut to + the bone.
    * reducir a lo mínimo = cut to + the bone.
    * reducir a miniatura = miniaturise [miniaturize, -USA].
    * reducir costes = reduce + costs.
    * reducir de plantilla = downsize.
    * reducir de tamaño = reduce in + size.
    * reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.
    * reducir el impacto = minimise + impact.
    * reducir el papeleo = slash + red tape.
    * reducir el precio = reduce + price, cut + price.
    * reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.
    * reducir el riesgo = reduce + risk.
    * reducir el tamaño = reduce + size.
    * reducir el tiempo = cut down + time.
    * reducir el valor = reduce + value.
    * reducir gastos = cut + costs, cut + spending, make + economies, make + cuts, reduce + costs.
    * reducir gradualmente = scale down.
    * reducir la burocracia = slash + red tape.
    * reducir la posibilidad = minimise + possibility.
    * reducir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.
    * reducir las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the divide, bridge + the chasm, bridge + the gulf, close + the gap.
    * reducir las diferencias entre... y = narrow + the gap between... and.
    * reducir las distancias = reduce + distance, close + the gap.
    * reducir las posibilidades de = narrow + the vision of.
    * reducir los beneficios = cut + profit.
    * reducir los impuestos = cut + taxes.
    * reducir pérdidas = cut down + losses, cut + losses.
    * reducir progresivamente = phase out.
    * reducirse a = boil down to, come down to.
    * reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.
    * reducir una limitación = push + limits (further and further back).
    * reducir una palabra a su raíz = stem.
    * reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <gastos/costos> to cut, reduce; <velocidad/producción/consumo> to reduce

    reducir al mínimo los riesgos — to minimize o to reduce the risks to a minimum

    le redujeron la pena — they shortened o reduced his sentence

    reducir algo a su mínima expresión — (Mat) to reduce something to its simplest form

    b) <fotocopia/fotografía> to reduce
    2)

    reducir algo A algo: reducir los gramos a milígramos to convert the grams to milligrams; quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes; mis ilusiones quedaron reducidas a la nada — my dreams came to nothing

    b) (Quím) to reduce
    c) (AmS) < objeto robado> to receive, fence (colloq)
    3) ( dominar) <enemigo/rebeldes> to subdue; < ladrón> to overpower
    4) <fractura/hernia> to set, reduce (tech)
    2.
    1) (Coc) to reduce, boil down
    2) (Auto) to shift into a lower gear
    3.
    reducirse v pron

    reducirse A algo: todo se reduce a tener tacto it all comes down to being tactful; todo se redujo a un paseo por el río — in the end it was just a walk by the river

    * * *
    = abridge, compress, contract, curtail, erode, gut, narrow, prune, reduce, shorten, stifle, lower, cut back (on), cut, cut down (on), deplete, lessen, pare down, keep down + Nombre, retrench, narrow down, whittle (away/down/at), slim down, slow down, slow up, taper, wind + Nombre + down, cut + Nombre + short, scale back, downgrade [down-grade], shave off, shrink, mark + Nombre + down.

    Ex: Inevitably any abridgement poses the dilemma how to abridge, that is, what to leave out and what to include.

    Ex: A library of a million volumes could be compressed into one end of a desk.
    Ex: In the face of emergencies, breadth of vision tends to contract, narrowing the range of responses.
    Ex: The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.
    Ex: These arrangements should also erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.
    Ex: Prices of European produced scientific, technical and medical serials continue to gut US research libraries.
    Ex: Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that the users may broaden or narrow the search parameters.
    Ex: More balanced schedules were achieved by pruning the 31000 subjects enumerated in the fourteenth edition to 4700.
    Ex: The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.
    Ex: If there are holds on the title, the loan period is shortened to 14 days.
    Ex: Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.
    Ex: When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.
    Ex: But higher education, which expanded between 1959 and 1979 from 164,000 to 519,600 students in full-time higher education, has also been cutting back on purchases.
    Ex: 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.
    Ex: Abstracts cut down considerably on legwork in hunting for information.
    Ex: This intermediate grade would equate with the senior library assistant, a category much depleted in UK academic librarianship.
    Ex: Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.
    Ex: He said again that we should pare it down to something much more in line with his figures.
    Ex: Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.
    Ex: In the face of overpublishing and growing scepticism, this once booming area is now retrenching and broadening its coverage = En vista del exceso de publicaciones y del creciente escepticismo, este área que una vez estuvo en auge ahora ha venido a menos.
    Ex: By specifying the fields to be searched, the user can narrow down the search in a very convenient way.
    Ex: However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.
    Ex: The abundance of book types and titles makes display and merchandising increasingly difficult; some booksellers are dealing with this by slimming down or cutting out certain categories.
    Ex: However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.
    Ex: Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.
    Ex: The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.
    Ex: Not the least of the ironies of this venture is that going ahead with it is as full of hazard as winding it down abruptly.
    Ex: May I just cut you short, because I've discussed this problem with Peter Jacobs just this week.
    Ex: He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.
    Ex: The opposite of the 'halo effect' -- downgrading someone you dislike but whose work is good -- is also an error.
    Ex: You can shave off as much as 50% or even more from your current rate for home insurance in Arizona.
    Ex: The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.
    Ex: They have just marked down all summer handbags to 50 percent off.
    * que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.
    * reducir a cero = reduce to + nil.
    * reducir a la mitad = halve, cut in + half, halve, reduce by + half.
    * reducir a la nada = reduce to + nil.
    * reducir al mínimo = minimise [minimize, -USA], reduce to + a minimum, cut down to + a minimum, keep to + a (bare) minimum, cut to + the bone.
    * reducir a lo mínimo = cut to + the bone.
    * reducir a miniatura = miniaturise [miniaturize, -USA].
    * reducir costes = reduce + costs.
    * reducir de plantilla = downsize.
    * reducir de tamaño = reduce in + size.
    * reducir el esfuerzo = reduce + effort.
    * reducir el impacto = minimise + impact.
    * reducir el papeleo = slash + red tape.
    * reducir el precio = reduce + price, cut + price.
    * reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.
    * reducir el riesgo = reduce + risk.
    * reducir el tamaño = reduce + size.
    * reducir el tiempo = cut down + time.
    * reducir el valor = reduce + value.
    * reducir gastos = cut + costs, cut + spending, make + economies, make + cuts, reduce + costs.
    * reducir gradualmente = scale down.
    * reducir la burocracia = slash + red tape.
    * reducir la posibilidad = minimise + possibility.
    * reducir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.
    * reducir las diferencias = bridge + the gap, bridge + the divide, bridge + the chasm, bridge + the gulf, close + the gap.
    * reducir las diferencias entre... y = narrow + the gap between... and.
    * reducir las distancias = reduce + distance, close + the gap.
    * reducir las posibilidades de = narrow + the vision of.
    * reducir los beneficios = cut + profit.
    * reducir los impuestos = cut + taxes.
    * reducir pérdidas = cut down + losses, cut + losses.
    * reducir progresivamente = phase out.
    * reducirse a = boil down to, come down to.
    * reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.
    * reducir una limitación = push + limits (further and further back).
    * reducir una palabra a su raíz = stem.
    * reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.

    * * *
    reducir [I6 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹gastos/costos› to cut, cut down on, reduce; ‹velocidad› to reduce; ‹producción/consumo› to reduce
    hemos reducido el número de casos we have brought down o reduced the number of cases
    redujeron el número de plazas they cut the number of places o the number of places was reduced
    han prometido reducir los impuestos they have promised to cut o reduce taxes
    con esto se intenta reducir al mínimo el riesgo de infección this is intended to minimize o to reduce to a minimum the risk of infection
    ejercicios para reducir (la) cintura exercises to reduce your waistline
    reducir algo A algo to reduce sth TO sth
    han reducido el texto a 50 páginas they have shortened o reduced the text to fifty pages
    le han reducido la pena a dos años they have commuted o shortened o reduced his sentence to two years
    la población quedó reducida a la mitad the population was reduced to half of its former size
    reducir algo a su mínima expresión ( Mat) to reduce sth to its simplest expression o form
    el suéter quedó reducido a su mínima expresión ( hum); the sweater shrank to nothing
    reducir algo EN algo to reduce sth BY sth
    pretenden reducir el gasto en cinco millones they aim to reduce costs by five million
    2 ‹fotocopia/fotografía› to reduce
    B
    1 (transformar) reducir algo A algo:
    reducir los gramos a miligramos to convert the grams to milligrams
    reducir quebrados a un mínimo común denominador to reduce fractions to their lowest common denominator
    quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes
    2 ( Quím) to reduce
    3 ( AmS) ‹objeto robado› to receive, fence ( colloq)
    C (dominar, someter) ‹enemigo/rebeldes› to subdue; ‹ladrón› to overpower
    reducir a un pueblo a la esclavitud to reduce a people to slavery
    D ‹fractura/hernia› to set, reduce ( tech)
    E (CS) ‹cadáver/restos mortales› to exhume ( for reburial in a niche or smaller coffin)
    ■ reducir
    vi
    A ( Coc) to reduce, boil down
    dejar reducir la salsa leave the sauce to boil down o reduce
    B ( Auto) to shift into a lower gear, change down ( BrE)
    reducirse A algo:
    todo se reduce a saber interpretar las cifras it all comes down to knowing how to interpret the figures
    todo se redujo a una visita a la catedral y un paseo por el río in the end it was just a visit to the cathedral and a walk along the river
    * * *

     

    reducir ( conjugate reducir) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹gastos/costos› to cut, reduce;

    ‹velocidad/producción/consumo› to reduce;

    reducir algo A algo to reduce sth to sth;
    reducir algo EN algo to reduce sth by sth
    b) ‹fotocopia/fotografía› to reduce

    2


    quedaron reducidos a cenizas they were reduced to ashes
    b) (AmS) ‹ objeto robado› to receive, fence (colloq)

    3 ( dominar) ‹enemigo/rebeldes› to subdue;
    ‹ ladrón› to overpower
    reducirse verbo pronominal:

    reducir
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (disminuir) to reduce
    reducir algo en algo, to reduce sthg by sthg
    (gastos, consumo, etc) to cut (down), minimize
    2 (convertir, transformar) to reduce: el incendio redujo el bosque a cenizas, the fire reduced the wood to ashes
    3 (subyugar) to subdue
    II vi Auto to change down, US to downshift

    ' reducir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bajar
    - ceniza
    - encaminada
    - encaminado
    - moler
    - disminuir
    - minimizar
    - mínimo
    - mira
    English:
    administrative
    - austerity
    - ax
    - axe
    - change down
    - corner
    - curtail
    - cut
    - cut back
    - cut down
    - decrease
    - deficit
    - deplenish
    - deplete
    - depress
    - downsize
    - effective
    - halve
    - lighten
    - lower
    - narrow down
    - prune
    - pulp
    - rate
    - receive
    - reduce
    - retrench
    - scale down
    - shorten
    - slow
    - wind down
    - bring
    - cost
    - deaden
    - decelerate
    - diminish
    - discount
    - get
    - lessen
    - loss
    - minimize
    - over
    - pare
    - scale
    - slacken
    - traffic
    - whittle
    - wind
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [disminuir] to reduce;
    [gastos, costes, impuestos, plantilla] to cut; [producción] to cut (back on);
    nos han reducido el sueldo our salary has been cut;
    reduzca la velocidad [en letrero] reduce speed now;
    reducir algo a algo to reduce sth to sth;
    el edificio quedó reducido a escombros the building was reduced to a pile of rubble;
    reducir algo al mínimo to reduce sth to a minimum;
    reducir algo a o [m5] en la mitad to reduce sth by half;
    tú todo lo reduces a tener dinero the only thing you care about is money;
    reducir a la mínima expresión to cut down to the bare minimum
    2. [fotocopia] to reduce
    3. [someter] [país, ciudad] to suppress, to subdue;
    [atracador, ladrón, sublevados] to overpower
    4. Mat [unidades de medida] to convert (a to); [fracciones, ecuaciones] to cancel out
    5. Med [hueso] to set
    6. Quím to reduce
    7. Culin [guiso, salsa] to reduce
    8. Andes, RP [objetos robados] to receive, to fence
    9. RP [cadáver] to exhume [for reburial in smaller container]
    ♦ vi
    1. [en el automóvil]
    reducir (de marcha o [m5] velocidad) to change down;
    reduce a tercera change down into third (gear)
    2. Culin [guiso, salsa] to reduce
    * * *
    v/t
    1 reduce (a to); gastos cut;
    reducir personal cut jobs, reduce staff numbers;
    reducir la marcha AUTO downshift, shift into a lower gear
    2 MIL overcome
    * * *
    reducir {61} vt
    1) disminuir: to reduce, to decrease, to cut
    2) : to subdue
    3) : to boil down
    * * *
    reducir vb to reduce

    Spanish-English dictionary > reducir

  • 82 number

    1. noun
    1) (in series) Nummer, die

    number 3 West Street — West Street [Nr.] 3

    you've got the wrong number — (Teleph.) Sie sind falsch verbunden

    number one — (oneself) man selbst; attrib. Nummer eins nachgestellt; Spitzen[position, -platz]

    take care of or look after number one — an sich (Akk.) selbst denken

    Number Ten [Downing Street] — (Brit.) Amtssitz des britischen Premierministers/der britischen Premierministerin

    somebody's number is up — (coll.) jemandes Stunde hat geschlagen

    2) (esp. Math.): (numeral) Zahl, die
    3) (sum, total, quantity) [An]zahl, die

    a number of people/things — einige Leute/Dinge

    a number of times/on a number of occasions — mehrfach od. -mals

    a small number — eine geringe [An]zahl

    large numbers — eine große [An]zahl

    in [large or great] numbers — in großer Zahl

    in a small number of cases — in einigen wenigen Fällen

    in number[s] — zahlenmäßig [überlegen sein, überwiegen]

    4) (person, song, turn, edition) Nummer, die
    5) (coll.): (outfit) Kluft, die
    6) (company)

    he was [one] of our number — er war einer von uns

    2. transitive verb
    1) (assign number to) beziffern; nummerieren
    2) (amount to, comprise) zählen

    the nominations numbered ten in all — es wurden insgesamt zehn Kandidaten nominiert

    3) (include, regard as) zählen, rechnen (among, with zu)
    4)

    be numbered — (be limited) begrenzt sein

    somebody's days or years are numbered — jemandes Tage sind gezählt

    * * *
    1. noun
    1) ((sometimes abbreviated to no - plural nos - when written in front of a figure) a word or figure showing eg how many of something there are, or the position of something in a series etc: Seven was often considered a magic number; Answer nos 1-10 of exercise 2.) die Nummer
    2) (a (large) quantity or group (of people or things): He has a number of records; There were a large number of people in the room.) die (An)Zahl
    3) (one issue of a magazine: the autumn number.) die Ausgabe
    4) (a popular song or piece of music: He sang his most popular number.) der Schlager
    2. verb
    1) (to put a number on: He numbered the pages in the top corner.) numerieren
    2) (to include: He numbered her among his closest friends.) zählen
    3) (to come to in total: The group numbered ten.) zählen
    •
    - academic.ru/50759/numberless">numberless
    - number-plate
    - his days are numbered
    - without number
    * * *
    num·ber1
    [ˈnʌmbəʳ, AM -bɚ]
    I. n
    1. MATH Zahl f; (numeral) Ziffer f
    to crunch \numbers über Zahlen sitzen
    2. (symbol) Zahl f
    ▪ \numbers pl Rechnen nt kein pl, Zahlen pl fam
    I never was much good at \numbers Zahlen waren noch nie meine Stärke
    card/house/telephone \number Karten-/Haus-/Telefonnummer [o BRD Rufnummer] f
    5. no pl, + sing/pl vb (amount) [An]zahl f
    there were only a small \number left es waren nur noch wenige da
    a large \number of invitations have [or ( form) has] been sent ein großer Teil der Einladungen ist bereits verschickt worden
    a small \number of children are [or ( form) is] educated at home eine kleine Anzahl von Kindern wird zu Hause unterrichtet
    letters of complaint were surprisingly few in \number es gab erstaunlich wenig Beschwerdebriefe
    any \number of things could go wrong alles Mögliche könnte schiefgehen
    in enormous/huge/large \numbers in enormen/riesigen/großen Stückzahlen
    these magazines are produced in vast \numbers diese Zeitschriften werden in riesigen Auflagen produziert
    6. no pl, + sing/pl vb (several)
    I decided not to go for a \number of reasons ich entschied mich aus vielerlei Gründen dagegen, dort hinzugehen
    7. (members) Gruppe f
    one of our \number eine(r) f(m) aus unserer Gruppe
    8. (issue) Ausgabe f, Nummer f
    back \number frühere Ausgabe
    9. (performance) Auftritt m; (music) Stück nt
    he played an old jazz \number on the piano er spielte ein altes Jazzstück auf dem Piano
    10. ( fam: clothing) Kluft f fam
    11. AM (sl: person) Nummer f fam
    he's quite a \number, don't you think? er ist schon 'ne Nummer, findest du nicht?
    12. AM (sl: tale) Nummer f fam, Masche f fam
    he tried his usual \number but she didn't fall for it er versuchte es auf die übliche Tour, aber sie fiel nicht darauf herein fam
    13. AM (game)
    ▪ the \numbers pl Zahlenlotto nt (bestimmte Art)
    14. no pl LING Numerus m
    15.
    ▶ beyond [or without] \number zahllos
    ▶ by [the] \numbers nach Schema F
    ▶ to do \number one/two ( euph fam) klein/groß machen fam
    ▶ to do a \number on sb AM (sl) eine Nummer mit jdm abziehen fam
    ▶ by [sheer] force [or weight] of \numbers [allein] aufgrund zahlenmäßiger Überlegenheit
    ▶ to have sb's \number (sl) jdn durchschauen
    ▶ to look out for \number one ( fam) sich akk nur um sich akk selbst kümmern
    ▶ \number one ( fam: oneself) die Nummer eins
    he only cares about \number one er denkt nur an sich selbst; (bestseller) book Bestseller m; album Kassenschlager m
    ▶ to be [the] \number one die Nummer eins sein
    ▶ there's safety in \numbers ( prov) in der Menge ist man sicher
    ▶ N\number Ten (residence of Prime Minister) Downing Street Nummer 10; (Prime Minister) der britische Premierminister/die britische Premierministerin; (staff) der Stab des britischen Premierministers/der britischen Premierministerin
    ▶ sb's \number is up ( fam) jds [letztes] Stündlein hat geschlagen fam
    II. vt
    1. (mark in series)
    ▪ to \number sth etw nummerieren
    to \number sth from... to... etw von... bis... durchnummerieren
    2. (count)
    ▪ to \number sth etw abzählen
    ▪ to \number sth etw zählen
    each team \numbers 11 players jede Mannschaft zählt [o hat] elf Spieler
    4. ( form: include)
    ▪ to \number sb among sth jdn zu etw dat zählen
    at one time the club \numbered an archbishop among its members der Klub zählte sogar einmal einen Erzbischof zu seinen Mitgliedern
    num·ber2
    [ˈnʌməʳ, AM ˈnʌmɚ]
    * * *
    ['nʌmbə(r)]
    1. n
    1) (MATH) Zahl f; (= numeral) Ziffer f
    2) (= quantity, amount) Anzahl f

    a number of problems/applicants — eine (ganze) Anzahl von Problemen/Bewerbern

    large numbers of people/books — (sehr) viele Leute/Bücher

    boys and girls in equal numbers — ebenso viele Jungen wie Mädchen, Jungen und Mädchen zu gleicher Zahl (geh)

    to be found in large numbers — zahlreich vorhanden sein, häufig zu finden sein

    in small/large numbers — in kleinen/großen Mengen

    a fair number of times —

    they have the advantage of numbers —

    3) (of house, room, phone) Nummer f; (of page) Seitenzahl f; (of car) (Auto)nummer f; (MIL, of soldier etc) Kennnummer f

    the number 47 bus — die Buslinie 47, der 47er (inf)

    it was a wrong number — ich/er etc war falsch verbunden

    the number one pop star/tennis player (inf) — der Popstar/Tennisspieler Nummer eins (inf)

    I'm (the) number two in the department — ich bin die Nummer zwei in der Abteilung

    to do a number one/two (baby-talk) — klein/groß machen (baby-talk)

    I have to go number two (baby-talk) — ich muss mal groß (baby-talk)

    to do sth by (the US) numbers — etw nach Schema F (esp pej) or rein mechanisch erledigen

    4) (= song, act etc) Nummer f; (= issue of magazine etc) Ausgabe f, Nummer f, Heft nt; (= dress) Kreation f

    the June number — das Juniheft, die Juniausgabe or -nummer

    5) (GRAM) Numerus m
    6) (ECCL)

    The Book of Numbers — das Vierte Buch Mose, Numeri pl

    7)

    (= company) one of their/our number — eine(r) aus ihren/unseren Reihen

    8) pl (= arithmetic) Rechnen nt
    2. vt
    1) (= give a number to) nummerieren
    2) (= include) zählen (among zu)
    3) (= amount to) zählen

    the library numbers 30,000 volumes — die Bibliothek hat 30.000 Bände

    4) (= count) zählen

    his days are numbered — seine Tage sind gezählt

    3. vi (Brit MIL ETC)
    abzählen
    * * *
    number [ˈnʌmbə(r)]
    A s
    1. MATH Zahl f, Ziffer f:
    be good at numbers gut im Rechnen sein
    2. (Auto-, Haus-, Telefon-, Zimmer- etc) Nummer f:
    by numbers nummernweise;
    sorry, wrong number falsch verbunden!;
    have (got) sb’s number umg jemanden durchschaut haben;
    his number is ( oder has come) up umg seine Stunde hat geschlagen, jetzt ist er dran; → dial B 1, number one
    3. (An)Zahl f:
    beyond number zahllos;
    a number of people mehrere Leute;
    a great number of people sehr viele Leute;
    five in number fünf an der Zahl;
    numbers of times zu wiederholten Malen;
    times without number unzählige Male;
    five times the number of people fünfmal so viele Leute;
    in large numbers in großen Mengen, in großer Zahl;
    one of their number einer aus ihrer Mitte;
    win by (force of) numbers aufgrund zahlenmäßiger Überlegenheit gewinnen
    4. WIRTSCH
    a) (An)Zahl f, Nummer f:
    b) Artikel m, Ware f
    5. Heft n, Nummer f, Ausgabe f (einer Zeitschrift etc), Lieferung f (eines Werks):
    appear in numbers in Lieferungen erscheinen; → back number
    6. LING Numerus m, Zahl f:
    in the singular number im Singular, in der Einzahl
    7. poet
    a) Silben-, Versmaß n
    b) pl Verse pl, Poesie f
    8. THEAT etc (Programm-)Nummer f:
    do a number on bes US sl
    a) einen Film etc verreißen, einen Schauspieler etc auch in der Luft zerreißen,
    b) einen Antrag etc abschmettern,
    c) sich über ein Thema etc (unterhaltsam) auslassen,
    d) jemanden bescheißen
    9. MUS Nummer f, Stück n
    10. umg do number one (two) (besonders Kindersprache) sein kleines (großes) Geschäft machen;
    do number three hum Papi und Mami spielen (miteinander schlafen)
    11. sl ‚Käfer m, Mieze f (Mädchen)
    12. sl → joint A 7
    13. Numbers pl (als sg konstruiert) BIBEL die Numeri pl, das Vierte Buch Mose
    14. umg schickes Kleidungsstück
    15. pl (auch als sg konstruiert) → number pool
    B v/t
    1. (zusammen)zählen, aufrechnen:
    number off abzählen;
    his days are numbered seine Tage sind gezählt
    2. fig zählen, rechnen ( beide:
    among, with zu)
    3. nummerieren:
    number consecutively durchnummerieren;
    numbered account Nummernkonto n
    4. sich belaufen auf (akk)
    5. Jahre zählen, alt sein
    C v/i
    1. number in sich belaufen auf (akk)
    2. fig zählen (among, with zu)
    3. number off MIL bes Br abzählen
    n. abk
    1. natus, born geb.
    3. LING nominative Nom.
    4. noon
    5. north N
    6. northern nördl.
    7. note
    8. noun Subst.
    9. number Nr.
    No. abk
    1. north N
    2. northern nördl.
    3. number Nr.
    num. abk number; numeral (numerals)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (in series) Nummer, die

    number 3 West Street — West Street [Nr.] 3

    you've got the wrong number — (Teleph.) Sie sind falsch verbunden

    number one — (oneself) man selbst; attrib. Nummer eins nachgestellt; Spitzen[position, -platz]

    take care of or look after number one — an sich (Akk.) selbst denken

    Number Ten [Downing Street] — (Brit.) Amtssitz des britischen Premierministers/der britischen Premierministerin

    somebody's number is up — (coll.) jemandes Stunde hat geschlagen

    2) (esp. Math.): (numeral) Zahl, die
    3) (sum, total, quantity) [An]zahl, die

    a number of people/things — einige Leute/Dinge

    a number of times/on a number of occasions — mehrfach od. -mals

    a small number — eine geringe [An]zahl

    large numbers — eine große [An]zahl

    in [large or great] numbers — in großer Zahl

    in number[s] — zahlenmäßig [überlegen sein, überwiegen]

    4) (person, song, turn, edition) Nummer, die
    5) (coll.): (outfit) Kluft, die

    he was [one] of our number — er war einer von uns

    2. transitive verb
    1) (assign number to) beziffern; nummerieren
    2) (amount to, comprise) zählen
    3) (include, regard as) zählen, rechnen (among, with zu)
    4)

    be numbered — (be limited) begrenzt sein

    somebody's days or years are numbered — jemandes Tage sind gezählt

    * * *
    (of) n.
    Anzahl - f. (music) n.
    Stück -e n. (publication) n.
    Nummer -n (Ausgabe) f. n.
    Nummer -n f.
    Zahl -en (Mathematik) f.
    Zahl -en f. v.
    beziffern v.
    numerieren (alt.Rechtschreibung) v.
    nummerieren v.

    English-german dictionary > number

  • 83 instrucción

    f.
    1 instruction, learning, education, teaching.
    2 order, rule, instruction, command.
    3 instruction, computer command, command.
    * * *
    1 (enseñanza) instruction; (cultura) education
    2 MILITAR military training
    3 DERECHO (de un expediente) preliminary investigation
    ■ ¿quién llevó a cabo la instrucción del sumario? who carried out the preliminary investigation into the case?
    4 (orden) instruction
    1 (indicaciones) instructions
    \
    instrucción militar military training
    juez,-za de instrucción examining magistrate
    manual de instrucciones instruction manual
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Educ) education
    2) (Mil) (=período) training; (=ejercicio) drill
    3) (Dep) coaching, training
    4) (Jur) (tb: instrucción del sumario) preliminary investigation
    juez 1), juzgado
    5) (Inform) statement
    6) pl instrucciones (=indicaciones) instructions

    recibir instrucciones — to receive instructions o orders; (Mil) to be briefed

    instrucciones de uso, instrucciones para el uso — directions for use

    * * *
    1) ( educación) education
    2) (Der) ( de una causa) hearing
    3) instrucciones femenino plural
    a) (de aparato, juego) instructions (pl); ( para llegar a un lugar) directions (pl)
    b) ( órdenes) instructions
    * * *
    = command, direction, instruction, tuition, schooling, drill.
    Ex. The first half of the command looks for words hit by 'FIB?' immediately followed by a word hit by 'OPTIC?'.
    Ex. Explanatory references may be either 'see' or 'see also' references, which give a little more explanation than merely the direction to look elsewhere.
    Ex. A command language is the language with which the search proceeds; the commands are instructions that the searcher can issue to the computer.
    Ex. This article stresses that teaching methods are also to be updated to include, for example, individual tuition and role playing.
    Ex. Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.
    Ex. An example of the type of drill which might be applied to the study of bibliographies is given below.
    ----
    * campamento de instrucción = training camp.
    * instrucción al jurado = charge to jury.
    * instrucción de "añádase a" = add to instruction, add to instruction.
    * instrucción de 'divídase al igual que' = divide like instruction.
    * instrucción de manejo = operating instruction.
    * instrucciones = brief.
    * instrucciones del fabricante = firmware.
    * instrucciones de uso = use instruction.
    * instrucciones para los autores = style sheet.
    * instrucción general = blanket instruction.
    * instrucción mediante ejercicios = drilling.
    * instrucción sobre los derechos de los ciudadanos = community education.
    * juez de instrucción = coroner.
    * Lenguaje Común de Instrucción de EURONET = EURONET Common Command Language.
    * Norma Internacional para los Lenguajes de Instrucción = International Standard for Command Languages.
    * sargento de instrucción = drill sergeant.
    * * *
    1) ( educación) education
    2) (Der) ( de una causa) hearing
    3) instrucciones femenino plural
    a) (de aparato, juego) instructions (pl); ( para llegar a un lugar) directions (pl)
    b) ( órdenes) instructions
    * * *
    = command, direction, instruction, tuition, schooling, drill.

    Ex: The first half of the command looks for words hit by 'FIB?' immediately followed by a word hit by 'OPTIC?'.

    Ex: Explanatory references may be either 'see' or 'see also' references, which give a little more explanation than merely the direction to look elsewhere.
    Ex: A command language is the language with which the search proceeds; the commands are instructions that the searcher can issue to the computer.
    Ex: This article stresses that teaching methods are also to be updated to include, for example, individual tuition and role playing.
    Ex: Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.
    Ex: An example of the type of drill which might be applied to the study of bibliographies is given below.
    * campamento de instrucción = training camp.
    * instrucción al jurado = charge to jury.
    * instrucción de "añádase a" = add to instruction, add to instruction.
    * instrucción de 'divídase al igual que' = divide like instruction.
    * instrucción de manejo = operating instruction.
    * instrucciones = brief.
    * instrucciones del fabricante = firmware.
    * instrucciones de uso = use instruction.
    * instrucciones para los autores = style sheet.
    * instrucción general = blanket instruction.
    * instrucción mediante ejercicios = drilling.
    * instrucción sobre los derechos de los ciudadanos = community education.
    * juez de instrucción = coroner.
    * Lenguaje Común de Instrucción de EURONET = EURONET Common Command Language.
    * Norma Internacional para los Lenguajes de Instrucción = International Standard for Command Languages.
    * sargento de instrucción = drill sergeant.

    * * *
    A (educación) education
    una mujer sin instrucción an uneducated woman
    se ha hecho cargo de la instrucción de los niños she has taken responsibility for the children's education o for educating the children
    han recibido instrucción sobre estos métodos they have been trained in these methods
    Compuesto:
    military training
    B ( Der) (de una causa) trying, hearing
    la instrucción de un sumario the preliminary investigation into a case
    1 (de un aparato, un juego) instructions (pl); (para llegar a un lugar) directions (pl)
    2 (órdenes) instructions
    tengo instrucciones de no dejarlo solo I have instructions o I have been told not to leave him alone
    * * *

    instrucción sustantivo femenino
    1 ( educación) education;
    ( práctica) training;

    2
    ◊ instrucciones sustantivo femenino plural

    a) (de aparato, juego) instructions (pl);

    ( para llegar a un lugar) directions (pl)

    instrucción sustantivo femenino
    1 (educación, conocimientos) education
    2 (de un expediente) preliminary investigation
    la instrucción del sumario, proceedings pl; juez de instrucción, examining magistrate
    3 Mil drill
    4 (usu pl) (indicación) instruction: nos dio instrucciones muy precisas, he gave us very precise instructions
    libro de instrucciones, instruction manual
    ' instrucción' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    formación
    - ilustración
    - indicación
    - juez
    - directriz
    - ignorante
    English:
    command
    - coroner
    - drill
    - instruction
    - training camp
    - tuition
    * * *
    1. [conocimientos] education;
    una persona con gran instrucción a very well-educated person
    2. [docencia] instruction
    3. [militar]
    hacer instrucción to drill, to go through one's drill
    instrucción militar military training
    4.
    instrucciones [órdenes] instructions;
    recibí instrucciones de no abandonar mi puesto I received instructions not to leave my post
    5.
    instrucciones [explicación] instructions;
    sigue las instrucciones follow the instructions;
    instrucciones (de uso) instructions o directions (for use)
    6. Informát instruction
    7. Der [investigación] preliminary investigation;
    [curso del proceso] proceedings
    * * *
    f
    1 education; ( formación) training
    2 MIL drill
    3 INFOR instruction
    4 JUR hearing
    * * *
    1) educación: education
    : instructions, directions
    * * *
    instrucción n education / training

    Spanish-English dictionary > instrucción

  • 84 Т-5

    И ТАК ДАЛЕЕ, may be abbreviated in writing to и т. д. AdvP Invar fixed WO
    (used at the end of an enumeration to indicate that the list has not been exhausted, that it could be continued to include similar objects or phenomena) and other similar things
    and so forth (and so on)
    and so on et cetera etc. (in limited contexts) and the (such) like and more of the same and all that and more to that effect.
    ...Она сказала то, что говорила всегда: что она никуда не поедет, не ударит пальцем о палец и так далее (Каверин 1)....She said what she always said: that she would take no steps, she would not lift a finger, and so forth (1a).
    «Надо подать проект, -подумал секретарь, - чтобы в каждом районе было два Учреждения. Тогда первое будет выполнять свои функции, а второе будет наблюдать, чтобы не пропало первое... А кто же будет наблюдать за другим Учреждением? Значит, нужно создать третье, а за третьим - четвёртое и так далее до бесконечности...» (Войнович 2). A resolution should be submitted, thought the Secretary, that there be two Institutions in each district. The first would carry out its usual functions and the second would keep an eye on the first so that it wouldn't disappear....But who's going to keep their eye on the second Institution? That means a third will have to be created, and a fourth for the third and so on, ad infinitum... (2a).
    Председатель начал было с того, что он (Иван Фёдорович) свидетель без присяги, что он может показывать или умолчать, но что, конечно, всё показанное должно быть по совести, и т. д., и т. д. (Достоевский 2). The presiding judge began by saying that he (Ivan Fyodorovich) was not under oath, that he could give evidence or withhold it, but that, of course, all testimony should be given in good conscience, etc., etc. (2a).
    «...Он без разрешения ездил в Гольтявино. Возможно, я посмотрел бы на это сквозь пальцы, дело молодое, любовь и так далее. Но Гольтявино в ведении Дворцовской комендатуры, а они на это сквозь пальцы смотреть не желают» (Рыбаков 2). "Не went to Goltyavino without permission. I might have shut my eyes to it—young people, true love, and all that. But Goltyavino comes under the jurisdiction of the Dvorets commandant's office, and they are not prepared to shut their eyes to it" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Т-5

  • 85 и так далее

    • И ТАК ДАЛЕЕ, may be abbreviated in writing to и т. д.
    [AdvP; Invar; fixed WO]
    =====
    ⇒ (used at the end of an enumeration to indicate that the list has not been exhausted, that it could be continued to include similar objects or phenomena) and other similar things:
    - etc.;
    - [in limited contexts] and the < such> like;
    - and more to that effect.
         ♦...Она сказала то, что говорила всегда: что она никуда не поедет, не ударит пальцем о палец и так далее (Каверин 1)....She said what she always said: that she would take no steps, she would not lift a finger, and so forth (1a).
         ♦ "Надо подать проект, - подумал секретарь, - чтобы в каждом районе было два Учреждения. Тогда первое будет выполнять свои функции, а второе будет наблюдать, чтобы не пропало первое... А кто же будет наблюдать за другим Учреждением? Значит, нужно создать третье, а за третьим - четвёртое и так далее до бесконечности..." (Войнович 2). A resolution should be submitted, thought the Secretary, that there be two Institutions in each district. The first would carry out its usual functions and the second would keep an eye on the first so that it wouldn't disappear....But who's going to keep their eye on the second Institution? That means a third will have to be created, and a fourth for the third and so on, ad infinitum... (2a).
         ♦ Председатель начал было с того, что он [Иван Фёдорович] свидетель без присяги, что он может показывать или умолчать, но что, конечно, всё показанное должно быть по совести, и т. д., и т. д. (Достоевский 2). The presiding judge began by saying that he [Ivan Fyodorovich] was not under oath, that he could give evidence or withhold it, but that, of course, all testimony should be given in good conscience, etc., etc. (2a).
         ♦ "...Он без разрешения ездил в Гольтявино. Возможно, я посмотрел бы на это сквозь пальцы, дело молодое, любовь и так далее. Но Гольтявино в ведении Дворцовской комендатуры, а они на это сквозь пальцы смотреть не желают" (Рыбаков 2). "He went to Goltyavino without permission. I might have shut my eyes to it - young people, true love, and all that. But Goltyavino comes under the jurisdiction of the Dvorets commandant's office, and they are not prepared to shut their eyes to it" (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > и так далее

  • 86 Nylon

    Nylon was first made in the laboratories of E.I. du Pont de Nemours, of Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A., under the direction of the late Dr. W. H. Carothers as a result of researches started 1928. In October, 1938, it -was announced to the world that a new form of textile fibre had been made by man, and that " nylon " was to be its name. Nylon stockings were on sale to the general public in U.S.A. on May 15, 1940, and many other items of wearing apparel were shown at the New York Pair that summer. In Great Britain, plans made jointly before the war by Courtaulds and Imperial Chemical Industries were responsible for production being started in 1941 by British Nylon Spinners Limited. The " 66 " polymer (each molecule of these reagents contains 6 carbon atoms and hence the name or designation " 66 ") was first made in 1935. Nylon is a name, not for a single material, but for a whole class or family of entirely new materials. There are many nylons and there may be many more. Nylon is the generic or family name for them all, just as glass and coal are names of classes of substances. Nylon, in the general sense, is a man-made material having a chemical composition akin to proteins, of which silk, hair and wool are examples, although nylon has not an exact counterpart in nature. It is not an " artificial " product, nor a man-made copy of a natural material. It can be made up into powders, sheets, solutions, strands or yarns, each with special properties according to requirements. The " 66 " polymer, from which yam is made, was synthesised in 1933, although not announced to the world until October, 1938. The raw material from which the diamine and acid for making " 66 " polymer are obtained are phenol from coal, oxygen and nitrogen from the air, and hydrogen from water. Particularly suitable where high elasticity is required. Uses include parachute fabrics, tyre cords, glider tow ropes, shoe laces webbing, braid, tape and thread, fully-fashioned hosiery, seamless hosiery, underwear fabrics, lace, nets, dress fabrics, marquisettes, neckties, transparent velvet, coated fabrics for raincoats and food covers. Industrial uses include shoe fabrics, sash cords, window screens, filters and bolting fabrics, also slip covers, motor car upholstery, shirtings, tents and shower curtains.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Nylon

  • 87 BIOS

    ['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)
    What is BIOS?
    BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.
    The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
    The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.
    Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.
    For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:
    What is firmware?
    Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.
    Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.
    Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.
    What is the difference between memory and disk storage?
    Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.
    The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.
    Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.
    Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.
    Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.
    What is RAM?
    RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.
    New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.
    If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.
    RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.
    When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.
    Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.
    What is ROM?
    ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.
    Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.
    Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.
    What is an ACPI BIOS?
    ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.
    ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.
    In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.
    What is CMOS?
    CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:
    http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.html
    Most commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.
    How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?
    Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.
    You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:
    Press F2 to enter Setup
    Many newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.
    Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.
    On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.
    Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.
    What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?
    Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.
    The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.
    CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS.

    English-Albanian dictionary > BIOS

  • 88 ζωή

    ζωή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+; in Hom. ‘living’=‘substance, property’, without which there would not be life; after Hom. ‘life, existence’ opp. death, then ‘way of life’ Hdt. 4, 112)
    ① life in the physical sense, life ἐν σαρκὶ ζ. Orig., C. Cels. 6, 59, 8)
    ⓐ opp. θάνατος (Pind. et al.; Lucian, Tox. 38; Sir 37:18; Pr 18:21; Philo; Just., A I, 57, 3; Mel., P. 49, 355) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 3:22; Phil 1:20. ἐν τῇ ζωῇ σου during your life Lk 16:25 (s. Sir 30:5); cp. 12:15; Ac 8:33 (Is 53:8); Js 4:14; 1 Cl 16:8 (Is 53:8); 17:4 (cp. Job 14:5); 20:10; Hm 3:3. πᾶς χρόνος τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν B 4:9 (cp. PsSol 17:2; JosAs 13:12). πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτῶν Hs 9, 29, 2; cp. GJs 4:1; τὰς λοιπὰς τῆς ζωῆς ἡμέρας Hv 4, 2, 5; cp. v 5, 2; m 12, 2; Hs 6, 3, 6. τὴν ἐσχάτην ἡμέραν τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ Hv 3, 12, 2. ἐν τῇ ζ. ταύτῃ in this life 1 Cor 15:19; also ζ. ἡ νῦν (opp. ἡ μέλλουσα) 1 Ti 4:8 (Tat. 14, 2). τέλος ζωῆς end of life Hb 7:3 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 5 [Stone p. 4]). ζωὴ κ. πνοή life and breath Ac 17:25 (cp. Gen 2:7; 7:22). πνεῦμα ζωῆς breath of life Rv 11:11 (cp. Gen 6:17; 7:15; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 31 [Stone p. 48]). ψυχὴ ζωῆς living thing 16:3 (cp. Gen 1:30; Just., D. 6, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ ἤτοι ζωή ἐστιν ἢ ζωὴν ἔχει). πρὸς ζωῆς necessary for life 1 Cl 20:10. Of the indestructible life of those clothed in the heavenly body 2 Cor 5:4. The life of the risen Christ also has this character Ro 5:10; 2 Cor 4:10f; ζ. ἀκατάλυτος Hb 7:16. ὁδοὶ ζωῆς Ac 2:28 (Ps 15:11). Christ is ἐν θανάτῳ ζ. ἀληθινή IEph 7:2.
    ⓑ means of sustenance, livelihood (Hdt. et al.; Sir 4:1; 29:21) Hs 9, 26, 2.
    ⓒ the course or mode of one’s life (cp. βίος 1) Hm 8, 4 and 9; 11, 7 and 16; Hs 9, 16, 2 al. In some of these pass. a transition to the moral aspect is apparent.
    ② transcendent life, life
    ⓐ God and Christ
    α. God as ζωή Dg 9:6b; as ζωὴ αἰώνιος 1J 5:20. Of the cross IEph 18:1. It is true of God that ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ J 5:26a. God’s commandment is eternal life 12:50 (cp. Philo, Fug. 198 God is the πρεσβυτάτη πηγὴ ζωῆς; Herm. Wr. 11, 13; 14; 12, 15 God the πλήρωμα τ. ζωῆς; PGM 3, 602 [s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 286, ln. 11]; the deity called Νοῦς as ζωή and φῶς Herm. Wr. 1:9, 12, 17, 21, 32; 13:9, 18, 19. Cp. also Ps 35:10; 55:14; SibOr Fgm. 3, 34; JosAs 8:10f al.).
    β. of Christ, who received life fr. God J 5:26b (ἡ ζωὴ τῆς πίστεως ParJer 9:14). ἐν αὐτῷ ζ. ἦν 1:4a; cp. 1J 5:11b. He is the ἀρχηγὸς τ. ζωῆς Ac 3:15, the λόγος τ. ζωῆς 1J 1:1; cp. vs. 2, the ἄρτος τ. ζωῆς J 6:35, 48; cp. vs. 33 (EJanot, Le pain de vie: Gregorianum 11, 1930, 161–70), also simply ζωή 11:25; 14:6 or ἡ ζ. ὑμῶν Col 3:4; cp. B 2, 10; IMg 9:1. Since the life in him was τὸ φῶς τ. ἀνθρώπων J 1:4b, people through following him obtain τὸ φῶς τ. ζωῆς 8:12 (on the combination of light and life cp. 1QS 3, 7 and the Orph. Hymns to Helios no. 8, 18 Qu. ζωῆς φῶς, as well as Christian ins of Rome [Ramsay, Luke the Physician 1908 p. 375, 238 A.D.], where a father calls his dead son γλυκύτερον φωτὸς καὶ ζοῆς; s. also α above).—SBartina, La vida como historia en J 1:1–18, Biblica 49, ’68, 91–96.
    ⓑ The discussion now turns naturally to the life of the believers, which proceeds fr. God and Christ.
    α. without (clear) eschatol. implications, of the life of grace and holiness ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς περιπατεῖν walk in (i.e. live) a new life Ro 6:4; cp. IEph 19:3. ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τ. ζωῆς τ. θεοῦ estranged fr. the life of God Eph 4:18 (cp. Philo, Post. Cai. 69 τῆς θεοῦ ζωῆς ἀπεσχοινίσθαι). ἡ ζωὴ τ. ἀνθρώπων the (true) life of persons (in God) Hm 2:1.—Of the life of salvation and of glory. It is ζ. κυρίου B 1:4 (cp. PGM 12, 255 κύριε τ. ζωῆς; 13, 783) or ζ. ἐν Χρ. Ἰησοῦ 2 Ti 1:1; cp. ζωὴν ὑμῖν ὁ κύριος χαρίζεται Hs 9, 28, 6; effected by his words or by the proclamation of the gospel: ῥήματα ζ. αἰωνίου J 6:68; cp. vs. 63. τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζ. ταύτης Ac 5:20. λόγος ζωῆς word of life Phil 2:16; cp. 2 Ti 1:10; 2 Cor 4:12. Hence the apostle, proclaiming the gospel, can term himself the bearer of the ‘fragrance of Christ’, leading those appointed to this bliss, the rescued ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν from life to life (i.e., as it seems, ever more deeply into the divine life) 2 Cor 2:16.—The Spirit stands w. Christ as the power of life πνεῦμα τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χρ. Ἰησοῦ the spirit of life in Chr. J. Ro 8:2; cp. vss. 6, 10 and J 6:63.—Like the words of Christ, the divine ἐντολή is also to bring life Ro 7:10; Hm 7:5; Hs 8, 7, 6. This ζ. is regarded as God’s gift ζ. ἐν ἀθανασίᾳ 1 Cl 35:2. W. ἀφθαρσία 2 Ti 1:10; 2 Cl 14:5; IPol 2:3. W. γνῶσις D 9:3; Dg 12:3–7. W. εὐσέβεια 2 Pt 1:3. W. εἰρήνη Ro 8:6. W. σωτηρία 2 Cl 19:1. ἀγάπην ἥτις ἐστὶν ἀρχὴ ζωὴς καὶ τέλος IEph 14:1. Christians, who truly belong to the ἐκκλησία τῆς ζωῆς 2 Cl 14:1, are heirs of life, the gift of grace 1 Pt 3:7. This life, as long as they are in the body, κέκρυπται σὺν τ. Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ θεῷ is hidden with Christ in God Col 3:3. Those who forfeit their ζ. (=their real life in contrast to their physical existence as ψυχή) are excluded fr. the life of glory Hv 1, 1, 9; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 6, 4; 6; 8, 8, 2f; 5; 9, 21, 4.—Cp. also Ac 11:18 (s. 1QS 3, 1); 13:46, 48. ἡ ὁδὸς τῆς ζ. D 1:2; 4:14. τὰς τρίβους τῆς ζ. Hs 5, 6, 3. Esp. in Johannine usage the term ζ. is copiously employed, as a rule to designate the result of faith in Christ; in most cases it is stated expressly that the follower of Jesus possesses life even in this world: ἔχειν ζωήν (Theophr. in a scholion on Pla. 631c εἰ ζωὴν εἶχεν ὁ πλοῦτος=‘had life, were alive’) J 3:15f, 36a; 5:24a, 40; 6:40, 47, 51, 53f; 10:10; 20:31; 1J 3:15; 5:12ab, 13. διδόναι ζωήν (cp. Sb 8202, 3 [105 B.C.]) J 10:28; 17:2; 1J 5:11.—Cp. 5:16. ὁρᾶν ζωήν J 3:36b. μεταβεβηκέναι ἐκ τ. θανάτου εἰς τ. ζωήν to have passed fr. death into life J 5:24; 1J 3:14. Hence in the eschatol. pass. J 5:29 ἀνάστασις ζωῆς means not a resurrection to enter life (cp. 2 Macc 7:14 and MPol 14:2, where ἀνάστασις ζωῆς αἰ., it seems, is res. to everlasting life), but a resurrection which corresponds to the Christian’s possession of life here and now, a resurrection proceeding from life. J is fond of calling this Life ζ. αἰώνιος, as in many pass. just cited (s. αἰώνιος 3) J 3:15f, 36; 4:14, 36; 5:24, 39; 6:27, 40, 47, 54, 68; 10:28; 12:25, 50; 17:2f; 1J 1:2; 2:25; 3:15; 5:11, 13, 20. But the use of this expr. in our lit. is by no means limited to J and 1J; it is also found in Mt, Mk, Lk, Ac, Ro, Gal, 1 Ti, Tit, Jd, 2 Cl, Ign, MPol, Hermas, Didache (Just., Mel., Ath.; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 77, 31 [w. ἀνάστασις]; cp. αἴδιος ζ. Tat. 14, 2) w. unmistakable eschatol. connotation.
    β. ζ. (and ζ. αἰώνιος; cp. 1QS 4:7 and s. J 3:15 al.; opp. ἀπώλεια TestAbr B 8 p. 113, 2 [Stone p. 74]) is used of life in the blessed period of final consummation, in the foll. pass.: ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ζ. αἰ. in the coming age eternal life Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; cp. Mt 19:29 (Ar. 15, 3 ζ. τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰώνος). τί ποιήσω ἵνα ζ. αἰ. κληρονομήσω; Mk 10:17; cp. Lk 18:18; 10:25; Mt 19:16f (PsSol 14:10). As a result of the Last Judgment ἀπελεύσονται οἱ δίκαιοι εἰς ζ. αἰ. Mt 25:46 (cp. PsSol 13:11); s. also Ro 2:7 (cp. 1QS 4:6–8).—Cp. also Mt 7:14; 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45; Ro 5:17f, 21; 6:22f; ζ. ἐκ νεκρῶν life for those who have come out of the state of death 11:15.—Gal 6:8; 1 Ti 1:16; 6:12, 19; 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:13); Jd 21; 2 Cl 8:4, 6; Dg 9:1, 6a. For 2 Cor 5:4 s. 1a. Of martyrs τὴν αἰώνιον ζ. ἐξαγοραζόμενοι purchasing eternal life for themselves MPol 2:3 (Mosquensis, other Gk. codd. κόλασιν). W. ἀνάπαυσις τ. μελλούσης βασιλείας 2 Cl 5:5. This life is called ἡ ὄντως ζ. the real, true life (the redundancy may derive from awareness of a distinction sometimes made in the Gr-Rom. world between real living ζωή and biological existence βίος; s., e.g., IPriene 105, 10=OGI 458, 10; cp. Cass. Dio 69, 19) 1 Ti 6:19; ζωῆς ἀληθοῦς Dg 12:4; ἡ ἐπουράνιος ζ. 2 Cl 20:5; ἀί̈διος ζ. IEph 19:3 (s. ἀί̈διος). Hope is directed toward it, ζωῆς ἐλπίς B 1:6; cp. Tit 1:2; 3:7; Hs 9, 26, 2.—The references to future glory include the foll. expressions: βίβλος or βιβλίον (τῆς) ζωῆς (s. βίβλος 2) Phil 4:3; Rv 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27; Hv 1, 3, 2. τὸ ξύλον (τῆς) ζωῆς the tree of life (4 Macc 18:16; cp. Pr 3:18; Gen 2:9; PsSol 14:3; ParJer 9:16 [δένδρον]; ApcEsdr 2:11; ApcMos 19 al.; Philo.—ξύλον 3) Rv 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19; Dg 12:3f. στέφανος τ. ζωῆς (s. Bousset, Rel.3 277f; MDibelius on Js 1:12; FCumont, Études syriennes 1917, 63–69; s. στέφανος) Js 1:12; Rv 2:10. ὕδωρ (τῆς) ζωῆς (Just., D. 19, 2 βάπτισμα; cp. ὕδωρ 2) 21:6; 22:1, 17. πηγὴ ζωῆς B 11:2 (cp. Jer 2:13; Ps 35:10; OdeSol 11:6). ζωῆς πηγαὶ ὑδάτων springs of living water Rv 7:17. For ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς s. ἄρτος 2 end.—FBurkitt, ZNW 12, 1911, 228–30; RCharles, A Critical Hist. of the Doctrine of a Fut. Life in Israel, in Judaism and in Christianity2 1913; FLindblom, D. ewige Leben 1914; Bousset, Rel.3 269–95; JFrey, Biblica 13, ’32, 129–68.—EvDobschütz, D. Gewissheit des ew. Leb. nach d. NT: ‘Dienet einander’ 29, 1920/21, 1–8; 43–52; 65–71; 97–101; JUbbink, Het eeuwige leven bij Pls 1917; ESommerlath, D. Ursprung d. neuen Lebens nach Pls2 1926; JMüller, D. Lebensbegr. d. Hl. Pls ’40; NvArseniew, D. neue Leben nach dem Eph: Internat. Kirchl. Ztschr. 20, 1930, 230–36; EvSchrenk, D. joh. Anschauung vom ‘Leben’ 1898; JFrey, ‘Vie’ dans l’Év. de St. Jean: Biblica 1, 1920, 37–58; 211–39; RBultmann, D. Eschatol. d. Joh Ev.: Zwischen d. Zeiten 6, 1928, 1ff; HPribnow, D. joh. Anschauung v. ‘Leben’ ’34; DLyons, The Concept of Eternal Life in J ’38; JKoole, Diorama Johanneum. Ζωή: GereformTT 43, ’42, 276–84; FMussner, ΖΩΗ (Joh. lit.), diss. Munich ’52; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebrew Mngs. ’67, 163–201.—B. 285. S. βίος and Schmidt, Syn. IV 40–53. DELG s.v. ζώω 1. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ζωή

  • 89 С-359

    В КРАЙНЕМ СЛУЧАЕ PrepP Invar usu. sent adv (often parenth) fixed WO
    in case of extreme need, when there is no other option or solution
    if worst comes to worst
    if (the) worse comes to (the) worst at (the) worst as a last resort (in limited contexts) in a pinch.
    «Сиди дома. В крайнем случае, если пойдёшь к Борису... Не качай головой, я знаю» (Терц 2). "Stay at home. If worst comes to worst and you go to Boris's-don't shake your head
    I know" (2a).
    «...Очень хорошо, что вы согласились включить в наш план новые темы, Татьяна Петровна». - «Вы думаете?» - «В крайнем случае, потеряем полгода» (Каверин 1). "...It's very good that you've agreed to include those new subjects in our plan, Tatyana Petrovna." "You think so?" "At the worst, we'll lose six months" (1a).
    В милицию не заявляли, чтобы не напоминать властям о человеке, хотя и прописанном и не судившемся, но в современном понимании далеко не образцовом. Наводить милицию на его след решили лишь в крайнем случае (Пастернак 1). They did not report him as missing to the police. Although he was registered and had no police record, it was better not to draw the attention of the authorities to a man who, by the standards of the day, lived anything but an exemplary life. They decided not to put them on his track except as a last resort (1a).
    «...Вы должны выбрать, кто вам дороже - Чонкин или советская власть». Нюра смотрела на него полными слёз глазами. Она не знала, почему обязательно выбирать, почему в крайнем случае нельзя совместить то и другое (Войнович 4). "..You should make up your mind what is dearest to you-Chonkin or the Soviet government." Nyura looked over at him with tear-filled eyes. She did not know why she was obliged to choose, why, in a pinch, there wasn't room enough for them both, Chonkin and the Soviet government (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > С-359

  • 90 в крайнем случае

    [PrepP; Invar; usu. sent adv (often parenth); fixed WO]
    =====
    ⇒ in case of extreme need, when there is no other option or solution:
    - [in limited contexts] in a pinch.
         ♦ "Сиди дома. В крайнем случае, если пойдёшь к Борису... Не качай головой, я знаю" (Терц 2). "Stay at home. If worst comes to worst and you go to Boris's-don't shake your head; I know" (2a).
         ♦ "...Очень хорошо, что вы согласились включить в наш план новые темы, Татьяна Петровна". - "Вы думаете?" - "В крайнем случае, потеряем полгода" (Каверин 1). "...It's very good that you've agreed to include those new subjects in our plan, Tatyana Petrovna." "You think so?" "At the worst, we'll lose six months" (1a).
         ♦ В милицию не заявляли, чтобы не напоминать властям о человеке, хотя и прописанном и не судившемся, но в современном понимании далеко не образцовом. Наводить милицию на его след решили лишь в крайнем случае (Пастернак 1). They did not report him as missing to the police. Although he was registered and had no police record, it was better not to draw the attention of the authorities to a man who, by the standards of the day, lived anything but an exemplary life. They decided not to put them on his track except as a last resort (1a).
         ♦ "...Вы должны выбрать, кто вам дороже - Чонкин или советская власть". Нюра смотрела на него полными слёз глазами. Она не знала, почему обязательно выбирать, почему в крайнем случае нельзя совместить то и другое (Войнович 4). "...You should make up your mind what is dearest to you-Chonkin or the Soviet government." Nyura looked over at him with tear-filled eyes. She did not know why she was obliged to choose, why, in a pinch, there wasn't room enough for them both, Chonkin and the Soviet government (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в крайнем случае

  • 91 В-138

    ИМЕТЬ В ВИДУ VP fixed WO
    1. - кого-что ( subj: usu. human, occas. collect or журнал, статья etc) to intend to indicate s.o. or sth., convey sth.: X имеет в виду Y-a = person X has Y in mind
    person X means Y X is referring to Y (in limited contexts) person X is thinking of Y.
    Такой разговор не состоялся, и я не знаю, что имел в виду Твардовский (Солженицын 2). No such conversation ever took place, and I still don't know what Tvardovsky had in mind (2a).
    Когда говорят о цензуре, то имеют в виду прежде всего специальное учреждение, Главлит... (Войнович 1). When people speak of censorship, they're primarily referring to a special institution, Glavlit... (1a).
    2. - (кого-что). Also: ПОИМЕТЬ В ВИДУ highly coll (subj: human
    usu. infin with надо, нужно etc or imper often foil. by a что-clause) to include s.o. or sth. in one's considerations, take s.o. or sth. into consideration: имей это в виду — bear (keep) it (that, this) in mind remember that (this)
    имей в виду, что... — bear (keep) in mind that...
    mind that... remember that... consider that...
    "...Сейчас мы тебя отправим в камеру. Но имей в виду следующее: я скажу Сударю, что ты молчишь и, таким образом, берёшь на себя роль главаря банды» (Семёнов 1). "We'll send you down to the cells now. But bear this in mind: I shall tell Squire that you're refusing to talk and are thus taking on the role of gang leader" (1a).
    (Я) рассматривал книжечку... и размышлял: говорить подлецу или промолчать? Решил - молчать. Иметь в виду на крайний случай (Трифонов 5). I gazed...at the diary...and debated whether to confront him with it or to say nothing. I decided to say nothing and to keep this in mind for some future occasion (5a).
    Имейте в виду, в ссылке ни один человек не скажет вам правды...» (Рыбаков 2). "Remember this: nobody in exile ever tells the truth..." (2a).
    3. coll \В-138 что, что (с)делать (subj: human to have the intention or goal to do sth.: X имеет в виду (сделать Y) ' X intends (means, plans) (to do Y)
    X has it in mind (to do Y).
    «Вы сказали больше, чем имели в виду, и я вам за это благодарен...» (Гладков 1). "You said more than you intended, and I am grateful to you for it..." (1a).
    Заговорили о деле моего друга и потом не очень тактично, но и не имея в виду обидеть его, перешли на рассказы о смертоубийствах вообще (Искандер 4). They began to talk about my friend's case and then-not very tactfully, but without meaning to offend him-moved on to accounts of murders in general (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > В-138

  • 92 иметь в виду

    [VP; fixed WO]
    =====
    1. иметь в виду кого-что [subj: usu. human, occas. collect or журнал, статья etc]
    ⇒ to intend to indicate s.o. or sth., convey sth.:
    - X имеет в виду Y-a ≈ person X has Y in mind;
    - [in limited contexts] person X is thinking of Y.
         ♦ Такой разговор не состоялся, и я не знаю, что имел в виду Твардовский (Солженицын 2). No such conversation ever took place, and I still don't know what Tvardovsky had in mind (2a).
         ♦ Когда говорят о цензуре, то имеют в виду прежде всего специальное учреждение, Главлит... (Войнович 1). When people speak of censorship, they're primarily referring to a special institution, Glavlit... (1a).
    2. иметь в виду (кого-что). Also: ПОИМЕТЬ В ВИДУ highly coll [subj: human; usu. infin with надо, нужно etc or imper; often foll. by a что-clause]
    ⇒ to include s.o. or sth. in one's considerations, take s.o. or sth. into consideration:
    - имей это в виду≈ bear < keep> it <that, this> in mind;
    || имей в виду, что... ≈ bear < keep> in mind that...;
    - mind that...;
    - remember that...;
    - consider that...
         ♦ "...Сейчас мы тебя отправим в камеру. Но имей в виду следующее: я скажу Сударю, что ты молчишь и, таким образом, берёшь на себя роль главаря банды" (Семёнов 1). "We'll send you down to the cells now But bear this in mind: I shall tell Squire that you're refusing to talk and are thus taking on the role of gang leader" (1a).
         ♦ [ Я] рассматривал книжечку... и размышлял: говорить подлецу или промолчать? Решил - молчать. Иметь в виду на крайний случай (Трифонов 5). I gazed...at the diary...and debated whether to confront him with it or to say nothing. I decided to say nothing and to keep this in mind for some future occasion (5a).
         ♦ "Имейте в виду, в ссылке ни один человек не скажет вам правды..." (Рыбаков 2). "Remember this: nobody in exile ever tells the truth..." (2a).
    3. coll иметь в виду что, что (<с>делатъ [subj: human]
    ⇒ to have the intention or goal to do sth.:
    - X имеет в виду (сделать Y) ≈ X intends (means, plans) (to do Y);
    - X has it in mind (to do Y).
         ♦ "Вы сказали больше, чем имели в виду, и я вам за это благодарен..." (Гладков 1). "You said more than you intended, and I am grateful to you for it..." (1a).
         ♦ Заговорили о деле моего друга и потом не очень тактично, но и не имея в виду обидеть его, перешли на рассказы о смертоубийствах вообще (Искандер 4). They began to talk about my friend's case and then-not very tactfully, but without meaning to offend him - moved on to accounts of murders in general (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > иметь в виду

  • 93 поиметь в виду

    [VP; fixed WO]
    =====
    1. поиметь в виду кого-что [subj: usu. human, occas. collect or журнал, статья etc]
    ⇒ to intend to indicate s.o. or sth., convey sth.:
    - X имеет в виду Y-a ≈ person X has Y in mind;
    - [in limited contexts] person X is thinking of Y.
         ♦ Такой разговор не состоялся, и я не знаю, что имел в виду Твардовский (Солженицын 2). No such conversation ever took place, and I still don't know what Tvardovsky had in mind (2a).
         ♦ Когда говорят о цензуре, то имеют в виду прежде всего специальное учреждение, Главлит... (Войнович 1). When people speak of censorship, they're primarily referring to a special institution, Glavlit... (1a).
    2. поиметь в виду (кого-что). Also: ПОИМЕТЬ В ВИДУ highly coll [subj: human; usu. infin with надо, нужно etc or imper; often foll. by a что-clause]
    ⇒ to include s.o. or sth. in one's considerations, take s.o. or sth. into consideration:
    - имей это в виду≈ bear < keep> it <that, this> in mind;
    || имей в виду, что... ≈ bear < keep> in mind that...;
    - mind that...;
    - remember that...;
    - consider that...
         ♦ "...Сейчас мы тебя отправим в камеру. Но имей в виду следующее: я скажу Сударю, что ты молчишь и, таким образом, берёшь на себя роль главаря банды" (Семёнов 1). "We'll send you down to the cells now But bear this in mind: I shall tell Squire that you're refusing to talk and are thus taking on the role of gang leader" (1a).
         ♦ [ Я] рассматривал книжечку... и размышлял: говорить подлецу или промолчать? Решил - молчать. Иметь в виду на крайний случай (Трифонов 5). I gazed...at the diary...and debated whether to confront him with it or to say nothing. I decided to say nothing and to keep this in mind for some future occasion (5a).
         ♦ "Имейте в виду, в ссылке ни один человек не скажет вам правды..." (Рыбаков 2). "Remember this: nobody in exile ever tells the truth..." (2a).
    3. coll поиметь в виду что, что (<с>делатъ [subj: human]
    ⇒ to have the intention or goal to do sth.:
    - X имеет в виду (сделать Y) ≈ X intends (means, plans) (to do Y);
    - X has it in mind (to do Y).
         ♦ "Вы сказали больше, чем имели в виду, и я вам за это благодарен..." (Гладков 1). "You said more than you intended, and I am grateful to you for it..." (1a).
         ♦ Заговорили о деле моего друга и потом не очень тактично, но и не имея в виду обидеть его, перешли на рассказы о смертоубийствах вообще (Искандер 4). They began to talk about my friend's case and then-not very tactfully, but without meaning to offend him - moved on to accounts of murders in general (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > поиметь в виду

  • 94 В-172

    ПРИНИМАТЬ/ПРИНЯТЬ ВО ВНИМАНИЕ что VP subj: human or collect often infin with надо, нужно, должен often foil. by a что-clause) to include sth. in one's deliberations or calculations
    X должен принять во внимание Y - X must take Y into account
    X must take account of Y X must take X must consider Y X must bear (keep) Y in mind (in limited contexts) X must allow for Y
    ii принимая во внимание, что... - in view of the fact that......Субъективно он честный человек, не вор, не жулик, не чужак, и суд должен принять это во внимание (Рыбаков 1). Subjectively...he was an honest man, he was not a thief, or a swindler, or an intruder, and the court should take this into account (1a).
    Уклонист заметил, что творчество во внимание принимать вообще не нужно, ибо дело идет к тому, что в деятельности писателей, художников и прочих представителей творческих профессий... творческий элемент катастрофически сокращается... (Зиновьев 1). Deviationist said there was no need to bring creative work into consideration since, the way things were going, the creative element in the work of writers, artists and other representatives of the creative professions...was diminishing catastrophically... (1a).
    Я тебе поясню на примере нашего учреждения, сказал Болтун. Оно типично для целой категории учреждений, активно участвующих в определении характера власти. А только их и надо в данном случае принимать во внимание (Зиновьев 1). "Well, I'll explain it to you," said Chatterer
    "take the example of the institute where I work. It's typical of the whole range of institutes which take an active part in determining the nature of power. And those are the only ones which should be considered here" (1a).
    «...Нужно принять во внимание, что вот тут-то и есть мораль, тут-то и заключена мораль...» (Гоголь 3). "...We must allow for the fact that it is precisely here that the moral of the story lies..." (3e).
    (Вы) поступили неправильно... поставили сержанта Токареву в ложное положение, но, принимая во внимание, что вы боевой офицер, я это дело прекращаю...» (Рыбаков 1). "...You acted improperly....You placed Sergeant To-kareva in a false position, but in view of the fact that you're a combat officer, I'm closing the case" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > В-172

  • 95 Д-107

    ИМЕТЬ ДЕЛО VP subj: human or collect)
    1. \Д-107 с кем-чем to encounter, come across s.o. or sth. (a rare phenomenon, strange fact, unusual personality etc)
    X имеет дело с Y-ом - X is dealing with Y
    X is faced X meets with thing Y (in refer, to people or phenomena that challenge or threaten one) X is up against Y
    X знает
    понимает и т. п.), с кем (чем) он имеет дело — (in limited contexts) X knows (understands etc) who (what) Y is.
    Мы имеем дело с явлением, которое наука пока объяснить не может. We are dealing with a phenomenon that science has not yet been able to explain.
    Его (императора) крайне забавляло, что она (девушка) не догадывалась вовсе, с кем имеет дело, и держала себя с ним на равных (Окуджава 2). Не (the emperor) was vastly amused that she (the girl) had no idea who he was and behaved as though they were equals (2a)
    2. - с кем ( obj: human or collect
    often infin with можно, нельзя, трудно, приятно, не хочу, не советую etc) to have or enter into some kind of relations with s.o. ( occas. in refer, to an argument, fight, or punishment)
    X имеет дело с Y-ом — X deals (has dealings) with Y
    X не хочет иметь дело с Y-ом - X doesn't want to deal (have (any) dealings, have any truck, be involved) with Y
    X doesn't want (to have) anything to do with Y
    X будет иметь дело с Y-ом (used as a threat) X will have Y to reckon with.
    «Ведь нельзя же иметь дело с человеком, который никого не слушает!» (Булгаков 12). "How can one deal with a man who never listens to anybody?" (12a).
    Ипполит Матвеевич никогда ещё не имел дела с таким темпераментным молодым человеком, как Бендер... (Ильф и Петров 1). Ippo lit Matveyevich had never had dealings with so spirited a young man as Ostap Bender... (1a).
    Социальное действие... есть действие (индивида) по отношению к другому индивиду или к другим индивидам... К числу таких действий относятся часто встречающиеся действия, которые можно обозначить как действия «Я готов на всё, что вам угодно», «На меня можно рассчитывать», «Я с вами не хочу иметь дела» и т. п. (Зиновьев 1). A social action...is an action (of an individual) directed towards another individual or to other individuals....Such actions include frequent examples of the type "I am willing to do anything you want," "You can count on me," "I don't want anything to do with you," and so on (1a).
    3. - с чем (prep obj: usu. a noun denoting an instrument, gadget, object, or material one works with) to make use of sth.: X имел дело с Y-ом = X used (dealt with, handled) Y.
    Я никогда не имел дела с электрон'и.im микроскопом, но уверен, что научусь быстро. I've never used an electron microscope before, but I'm sure I'll learn quickly.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-107

  • 96 принимать во внимание

    • ПРИНИМАТЬ/ПРИНЯТЬ ВО ВНИМАНИЕ что
    [VP; subj: human or collect; often infin with надо, нужно, должен; often foll. by a что-clause]
    =====
    ⇒ to include sth. in one's deliberations or calculations:
    - X должен принять во внимание Y ≈ X must take Y into account;
    - X must take < bring> Y into consideration;
    - X must bear < keep> Y in mind;
    - [in limited contexts] X must allow for Y;
    || принимая во внимание, что... ≈ in view of the fact that...
         ♦...Субъективно он честный человек, не вор, не жулик, не чужак, и суд должен принять это во внимание (Рыбаков 1). subjectively...he was an honest man, he was not a thief, or a swindler, or an intruder, and the court should take this into account (1a).
         ♦ Уклонист заметил, что творчество во внимание принимать вообще не нужно, ибо дело идет к тому, что в деятельности писателей, художников и прочих представителей творческих профессий... творческий элемент катастрофически сокращается... (Зиновьев 1). Deviationist said there was no need to bring creative work into consideration since, the way things were going, the creative element in the work of writers, artists and other representatives of the creative professions...was diminishing catastrophically... (1a).
         ♦ Я тебе поясню на примере нашего учреждения, сказал Болтун. Оно типично для целой категории учреждений, активно участвующих в определении характера власти. А только их и надо в данном случае принимать во внимание (Зиновьев 1). "Well, I'll explain it to you," said Chatterer; "take the example of the institute where I work. It's typical of the whole range of institutes which take an active part in determining the nature of power. And those are the only ones which should be considered here" (1a).
         ♦ "...Нужно принять во внимание, что вот тут-то и есть мораль, тут-то и заключена мораль..." (Гоголь 3). "...We must allow for the fact that it is precisely here that the moral of the story lies..." (3e).
         ♦ "[ Вы] поступили неправильно... поставили сержанта Токареву в ложное положение, но, принимая во внимание, что вы боевой офицер, я это дело прекращаю..." (Рыбаков 1). "...You acted improperly....You placed Sergeant Tokareva in a false position, but in view of the fact that you're a combat officer, I'm closing the case" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > принимать во внимание

  • 97 принять во внимание

    • ПРИНИМАТЬ/ПРИНЯТЬ ВО ВНИМАНИЕ что
    [VP; subj: human or collect; often infin with надо, нужно, должен; often foll. by a что-clause]
    =====
    ⇒ to include sth. in one's deliberations or calculations:
    - X должен принять во внимание Y ≈ X must take Y into account;
    - X must take < bring> Y into consideration;
    - X must bear < keep> Y in mind;
    - [in limited contexts] X must allow for Y;
    || принимая во внимание, что... ≈ in view of the fact that...
         ♦...Субъективно он честный человек, не вор, не жулик, не чужак, и суд должен принять это во внимание (Рыбаков 1). subjectively...he was an honest man, he was not a thief, or a swindler, or an intruder, and the court should take this into account (1a).
         ♦ Уклонист заметил, что творчество во внимание принимать вообще не нужно, ибо дело идет к тому, что в деятельности писателей, художников и прочих представителей творческих профессий... творческий элемент катастрофически сокращается... (Зиновьев 1). Deviationist said there was no need to bring creative work into consideration since, the way things were going, the creative element in the work of writers, artists and other representatives of the creative professions...was diminishing catastrophically... (1a).
         ♦ Я тебе поясню на примере нашего учреждения, сказал Болтун. Оно типично для целой категории учреждений, активно участвующих в определении характера власти. А только их и надо в данном случае принимать во внимание (Зиновьев 1). "Well, I'll explain it to you," said Chatterer; "take the example of the institute where I work. It's typical of the whole range of institutes which take an active part in determining the nature of power. And those are the only ones which should be considered here" (1a).
         ♦ "...Нужно принять во внимание, что вот тут-то и есть мораль, тут-то и заключена мораль..." (Гоголь 3). "...We must allow for the fact that it is precisely here that the moral of the story lies..." (3e).
         ♦ "[ Вы] поступили неправильно... поставили сержанта Токареву в ложное положение, но, принимая во внимание, что вы боевой офицер, я это дело прекращаю..." (Рыбаков 1). "...You acted improperly....You placed Sergeant Tokareva in a false position, but in view of the fact that you're a combat officer, I'm closing the case" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > принять во внимание

  • 98 иметь дело

    [VP; subj: human or collect]
    =====
    1. иметь дело с кем-чем to encounter, come across s.o. or sth. (a rare phenomenon, strange fact, unusual personality etc): X имеет дело с Y-ом ≈ X is dealing with Y; X is faced (confronted) with thing Y; X meets with thing Y; [in refer, to people or phenomena that challenge or threaten one] X is up against Y; || X знает( понимает и т. п.), с кем (чем) он имеет дело ≈ [in limited contexts]
    ⇒ X knows (understands etc) who (what) Y is.
         ♦ Мы имеем дело с явлением, которое наука пока объяснить не может. We are dealing with a phenomenon that science has not yet been able to explain.
         ♦ Его [императора] крайне забавляло, что она [ девушка] не догадывалась вовсе, с кем имеет дело, и держала себя с ним на равных (Окуджава 2). Не [the emperor] was vastly amused that she [the girl] had no idea who he was and behaved as though they were equals (2a)
    2. иметь дело с кем [obj: human or collect; often infin with можно, нельзя, трудно, приятно, не хочу, не советую etc]
    ⇒ to have or enter into some kind of relations with s.o. (occas. in refer, to an argument, fight, or punishment):
    - X имеет дело с Y-ом≈ X deals (has dealings) with Y;
    || X не хочет иметь дело с Y-ом≈ X doesn't want to deal (have (any) dealings, have any truck, be involved) with Y;
    || X будет иметь дело с Y-ом[used as a threat] X will have Y to reckon with.
         ♦ "Ведь нельзя же иметь дело с человеком, который никого не слушает!" (Булгаков 12). "How can one deal with a man who never listens to anybody?" (12a).
         ♦ Ипполит Матвеевич никогда ещё не имел дела с таким темпераментным молодым человеком, как Бендер... (Ильф и Петров 1). Ippolit Matveyevich had never had dealings with so spirited a young man as Ostap Bender... (1a).
         ♦ Социальное действие... есть действие [индивида] по отношению к другому индивиду или к другим индивидам... К числу таких действий относятся часто встречающиеся действия, которые можно обозначить как действия "Я готов на всё, что вам угодно", "На меня можно рассчитывать", "Я с вами не хочу иметь дела" и т.п. (Зиновьев 1). A social action...is an action [of an individual] directed towards another individual or to other individuals....Such actions include frequent examples of the type "I am willing to do anything you want," "You can count on me," "I don't want anything to do with you," and so on (1a).
    3. иметь дело с чем [prep obj: usu. a noun denoting an instrument, gadget, object, or material one works with]
    ⇒ to make use of sth.:
    - X имел дело с Y-ом≈ X used (dealt with, handled) Y.
         ♦ Я никогда не имел дела с электронным микроскопом, но уверен, что научусь быстро. I've never used an electron microscope before, but I'm sure I'll learn quickly.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > иметь дело

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