in+a+troublesome

* * *

difficult, hard, troublesome.

unsuitable, unfavorable, troublesome/ inconsiderate.

(-are) to be troublesome, unpleasant, annoying

inconvenient, troublesome, irksome, disagreeable, unpleasant

ac-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. ( fut. perf. accepso = accepero, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31, or Rib. Trag. Rel. 118) [capio], to accept.

In gen., to take a person or thing to one's self: leno ad se accipiet hominem et aurum, will take the man and his money to himself (into his house), Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51.

Of things received by the hand, to take, receive: cette manus vestras measque accipite, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 1 (Trag. v. 320 ed. Vahl.):

ex tua accepi manu pateram,

Plaut. Amph. 2, 2, 132; hence, trop. of the word given, the promise, with which a grasping of the hand was usually connected: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.; so in the Gr. pista dounai kai labein); cf. Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 87; so Verg. A. 8, 150;

in Ter. of a person to be protected: hanc (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 62; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 5, and Sall. C. 6, 5, —

Of things received or taken by different parts of the body: accipite hoc onus in vestros collos, Cato ap. Non. 200, 23:

gremio,

Verg. A. 1, 685:

oculis aut pectore noctem (i. e. somnum),

id. ib. 4, 531.—

In gen., very freq.,

as implying action, to take, to take possession of, to accept (Gr. dechesthai);

of something that falls to one's share, to get, to receive, to be the recipient of (Gr. lambanein).—

To take, accept:

hanc epistulam accipe a me,

take this letter from me, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 52; 4, 2, 26; cf. id. Ep. 3, 4, 26:

persuasit aliis, ut pecuniam accipere mallent,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82:

condicionem pacis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

armis obsidibusque acceptis Crassus profectus est,

after he had taken into his possession the arms and hostages, id. ib. 3, 23:

divitias,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3:

aliquid a patre,

to inherit, id. Timoth. 1, 1; id. Att. 1:

accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint,

Verg. A. 3, 486 al. —Hence to receive or entertain as guest:

haec (tellus) fessos placidissima portu accipit,

Verg. A. 3, 78:

Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean,

id. ib. 8, 71; 155; Ov. M. 8, 655 al.—Of admittance to political privileges:

Nomentani et Pedani in civitatem accepti,

Liv. 8, 14; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

magnifice volo summos viros accipere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:

in loco festivo sumus festive accepti,

id. ib. 5, 19; so id. Cist. 1, 1, 12; id. Men. 5, 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 1, 32, etc.; Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 52; Lucr. 3, 907; Cic. Att. 16, 6; Ov. F. 2, 725 al.—Hence also ironically, to entertain, to treat, deal with:

ego te miseris jam accipiam modis,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 3:

hominem accipiam quibus dictis maeret,

id. Men. 5, 1, 7:

indignis acceptus modis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12. Perh. also Lucil. ap. Non. 521, 1: adeo male me accipiunt decimae, treat or use me ill, deal harshly with me; and ib. 240, 8: sic, inquam, veteratorem illum vetulum lupum Hannibalem acceptum (Non. explains the latter in a very unusual manner, by deceptum).—

To get, to receive, to be the recipient of, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31; Lucr. 1, 819, 909; 2, 762, 885, 1009:

ictus,

id. 4, 1048 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 243: vulnera accipiunt tergo): aridior nubes accipit ignem, takes or catches fire, Lucr. 6, 150; Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

humanitatem iis tribuere debemus, a quibus accepimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9:

pecuniam ob rem judicandam,

id. Verr. 1, 38:

luna lumen solis accipit,

id. de Or. 3, 45; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

praeclarum accepimus a majoribus morem,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 44: praecepta, Caes. B. G. 2, 6: accepi tuas litteras (in another sense than above), I have received your letter, it has reached me (allatae sunt ad me), Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; 2, 1, 1; 10, 1 al.:

acceptā injuriā ignoscere quam persequi malebant,

Sall. C. 9, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

calamitatem,

ib. 1, 31:

detrimenta,

ib. 5, 22; cf. Cic. Mur. 21, 44 al. So often of dignities and offices:

provinciam,

id. Fam. 2, 10, 2:

consulatum,

Suet. Aug. 10:

Galliam,

id. Caes. 22 al.

In partic.

To take a thing by hearing, i. e.,

To hear, to perceive, to observe, to learn (cf. opp. do = I give in words, i. e. I say): hoc simul accipe dictum, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204): quod ego inaudivi, accipite, Pac. ap. Non. 126, 22 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 81): hoc etiam accipe quod dico, Lucil. ap. Non. 240, 1:

carmen auribus,

Lucr. 4, 983 (so id. 6, 164); 1, 270; cf. Verg. A. 2, 65:

voces,

Lucr. 4, 613 (so 6, 171):

si te aequo animo ferre accipiet,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 23:

quae gerantur, accipies ex Pollione,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6; 1, 9, 4; Liv. 1, 7. —Hence very freq. in the histt., to get or receive intelligence of any thing, to learn:

urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

as I have learned, Sall. C. 6, 1, and so al.—

To comprehend or understand any thing communicated:

haud satis meo corde accepi querelas tuas,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 18:

et si quis est, qui haec putet arte accipi posse,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

ut non solum celeriter acciperet, quae tradebantur, etc.,

Nep. Att. 1, 3; so Quint. 1, 3, 3; 2, 9, 3 al.—

With the accessory idea of judging, to take a thing thus or thus, to interpret or explain, usually constr. with ad or in c. acc.:

quibus res sunt minus secundae... ad contumeliam omnia accipiunt magis,

the more unfortunate one is, the more inclined is he to regard every thing as an insult, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 15:

in eam partem accipio,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 37; cf. Cic. Fam. 10, 6; id. Att. 16, 6; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 2:

non recte accipis,

you put a wrong construction upon this, id. And. 2, 2, 30:

quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit,

Sall. C. 3, 2.— Hence: accipere aliquid omen, or in omen, to regard a thing as a ( favorable) omen, to accept the omen (cf. dechesthai ton oiônon), Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103; 2, 40, 83; Liv. 1, 7, 11; 21, 63 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 62; id. A. 1, 28; 2, 13; Flor. 4, 12, 14 al.—Hence poet.:

accipio agnoscoque deos,

Verg. A. 12, 260; cf. Ov. M. 7, 620.—

To take a thing upon one's self, to undertake (syn. suscipio):

accipito hanc ad te litem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23: meā causā causam accipite, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 47; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 24; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 20 al.—Hence also,

To bear, endure, suffer any thing disagreeable or troublesome:

hanccine ego ut contumeliam tam insignem ad me accipiam!

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1:

nil satis firmi video, quamobrem accipere hunc me expediat metum,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 96; 5, 1, 59; id. Eun. 4, 6, 24; id. Ad. 2, 1, 53; id. Ph. 5, 2, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

calamitatem,

id. Off. 3, 26:

injuriam,

id. ib. 1, 11 al.—

To accept a thing, to be satisfied with, to approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta; Pam.:

Accipio,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 48:

accepit condicionem, dein quaestum accipit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 52:

visa ista... accipio iisque interdum etiam assentior, nec percipio tamen,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

preces suas acceptas ab dis immortalibus ominati,

Liv. 42, 30, 8 Drak. Cf. Herz, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: “equi te esse feri similem, dico.” Ridemus et ipse Messius: “accipio.” I allow it, Exactly so, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.—

In mercant. lang., t. t., to receive or collect a sum:

pro quo (frumento) cum a Varinio praetore pecuniam accepisset,

Cic. Fl. 45; hence subst.: acceptum, i, n., the receipt, and in account-books the credit side:

in acceptum referre alicui,

to carry over to the credit side, to place to one's credit, Cic. Verr. 1, 36, 57; id. Rosc. Com. 2; id. Phil. 2, 16; id. Caec. 6, 17; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 234 (opp. datum or expensum).—Hence also trop., to owe or be indebted to one, in a good or a bad sense:

ut esset nemo qui non mihi vitam suam, liberos, remp. referret acceptam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5:

omnia mala, quae postea vidimus, uni accepta referemus Antonio,

ascribe, id. ib. 22; Caes. B. G. 8, 58; id. B. C, 3, 57: Acceptum [p. 18] refero versibus, esse nocens, Ov. Trist. 2, 10. —

In the gram m., to take a word or phrase thus or thus, to explain a word in any manner:

adversus interdum promiscue accipitur,

Charis. p. 207 P. al.—(Syn. nanciscor and adipiscor: he to whom something is given, accipit; he who gets by a fortunate occurrence, nanciscitur; he who obtains it by exertion, adipiscitur. “ Sumimus ipsi: accipimus ab alio,” Vel. Long. p. 2243 P.—“Inter tenere, sumere et accipere hoc interest, quod tenemus quae sunt in nostra potestate: sumimus posita: accipimus data,” Isid. Diff. 1).—Hence, acceptus, a, um, P. a., welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus. Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i. e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable;

hence the usual position: gratus atque acceptus).—First, of persons: essetne apud te is servus acceptissimus?

Plaut. Cap. 3, 5, 56:

plebi acceptus erat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13;

acceptus erat in oculis,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5.—

Of things: dis et hominibus est acceptum quod, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:

quod vero approbaris. id gratum acceptumque habendum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3:

quorum mihi dona accepta et grata habeo,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56:

rem populo Romano gratam acceptamque,

Cic. Phil. 13, 50;

tempore accepto exaudivi,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 2.— Comp., Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Rep. 6, 13; Tac. A. 6, 45 al.— Sup., see above.— Adv. accepte does not occur.

ac-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. ( fut. perf. accepso = accepero, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31, or Rib. Trag. Rel. 118) [capio], to accept.

In gen., to take a person or thing to one's self: leno ad se accipiet hominem et aurum, will take the man and his money to himself (into his house), Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51.

Of things received by the hand, to take, receive: cette manus vestras measque accipite, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 1 (Trag. v. 320 ed. Vahl.):

ex tua accepi manu pateram,

Plaut. Amph. 2, 2, 132; hence, trop. of the word given, the promise, with which a grasping of the hand was usually connected: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.; so in the Gr. pista dounai kai labein); cf. Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 87; so Verg. A. 8, 150;

in Ter. of a person to be protected: hanc (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 62; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 5, and Sall. C. 6, 5, —

Of things received or taken by different parts of the body: accipite hoc onus in vestros collos, Cato ap. Non. 200, 23:

gremio,

Verg. A. 1, 685:

oculis aut pectore noctem (i. e. somnum),

id. ib. 4, 531.—

In gen., very freq.,

as implying action, to take, to take possession of, to accept (Gr. dechesthai);

of something that falls to one's share, to get, to receive, to be the recipient of (Gr. lambanein).—

To take, accept:

hanc epistulam accipe a me,

take this letter from me, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 52; 4, 2, 26; cf. id. Ep. 3, 4, 26:

persuasit aliis, ut pecuniam accipere mallent,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82:

condicionem pacis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

armis obsidibusque acceptis Crassus profectus est,

after he had taken into his possession the arms and hostages, id. ib. 3, 23:

divitias,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3:

aliquid a patre,

to inherit, id. Timoth. 1, 1; id. Att. 1:

accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint,

Verg. A. 3, 486 al. —Hence to receive or entertain as guest:

haec (tellus) fessos placidissima portu accipit,

Verg. A. 3, 78:

Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean,

id. ib. 8, 71; 155; Ov. M. 8, 655 al.—Of admittance to political privileges:

Nomentani et Pedani in civitatem accepti,

Liv. 8, 14; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

magnifice volo summos viros accipere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:

in loco festivo sumus festive accepti,

id. ib. 5, 19; so id. Cist. 1, 1, 12; id. Men. 5, 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 1, 32, etc.; Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 52; Lucr. 3, 907; Cic. Att. 16, 6; Ov. F. 2, 725 al.—Hence also ironically, to entertain, to treat, deal with:

ego te miseris jam accipiam modis,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 3:

hominem accipiam quibus dictis maeret,

id. Men. 5, 1, 7:

indignis acceptus modis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12. Perh. also Lucil. ap. Non. 521, 1: adeo male me accipiunt decimae, treat or use me ill, deal harshly with me; and ib. 240, 8: sic, inquam, veteratorem illum vetulum lupum Hannibalem acceptum (Non. explains the latter in a very unusual manner, by deceptum).—

To get, to receive, to be the recipient of, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31; Lucr. 1, 819, 909; 2, 762, 885, 1009:

ictus,

id. 4, 1048 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 243: vulnera accipiunt tergo): aridior nubes accipit ignem, takes or catches fire, Lucr. 6, 150; Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

humanitatem iis tribuere debemus, a quibus accepimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9:

pecuniam ob rem judicandam,

id. Verr. 1, 38:

luna lumen solis accipit,

id. de Or. 3, 45; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

praeclarum accepimus a majoribus morem,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 44: praecepta, Caes. B. G. 2, 6: accepi tuas litteras (in another sense than above), I have received your letter, it has reached me (allatae sunt ad me), Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; 2, 1, 1; 10, 1 al.:

acceptā injuriā ignoscere quam persequi malebant,

Sall. C. 9, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

calamitatem,

ib. 1, 31:

detrimenta,

ib. 5, 22; cf. Cic. Mur. 21, 44 al. So often of dignities and offices:

provinciam,

id. Fam. 2, 10, 2:

consulatum,

Suet. Aug. 10:

Galliam,

id. Caes. 22 al.

In partic.

To take a thing by hearing, i. e.,

To hear, to perceive, to observe, to learn (cf. opp. do = I give in words, i. e. I say): hoc simul accipe dictum, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204): quod ego inaudivi, accipite, Pac. ap. Non. 126, 22 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 81): hoc etiam accipe quod dico, Lucil. ap. Non. 240, 1:

carmen auribus,

Lucr. 4, 983 (so id. 6, 164); 1, 270; cf. Verg. A. 2, 65:

voces,

Lucr. 4, 613 (so 6, 171):

si te aequo animo ferre accipiet,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 23:

quae gerantur, accipies ex Pollione,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6; 1, 9, 4; Liv. 1, 7. —Hence very freq. in the histt., to get or receive intelligence of any thing, to learn:

urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

as I have learned, Sall. C. 6, 1, and so al.—

To comprehend or understand any thing communicated:

haud satis meo corde accepi querelas tuas,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 18:

et si quis est, qui haec putet arte accipi posse,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

ut non solum celeriter acciperet, quae tradebantur, etc.,

Nep. Att. 1, 3; so Quint. 1, 3, 3; 2, 9, 3 al.—

With the accessory idea of judging, to take a thing thus or thus, to interpret or explain, usually constr. with ad or in c. acc.:

quibus res sunt minus secundae... ad contumeliam omnia accipiunt magis,

the more unfortunate one is, the more inclined is he to regard every thing as an insult, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 15:

in eam partem accipio,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 37; cf. Cic. Fam. 10, 6; id. Att. 16, 6; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 2:

non recte accipis,

you put a wrong construction upon this, id. And. 2, 2, 30:

quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit,

Sall. C. 3, 2.— Hence: accipere aliquid omen, or in omen, to regard a thing as a ( favorable) omen, to accept the omen (cf. dechesthai ton oiônon), Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103; 2, 40, 83; Liv. 1, 7, 11; 21, 63 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 62; id. A. 1, 28; 2, 13; Flor. 4, 12, 14 al.—Hence poet.:

accipio agnoscoque deos,

Verg. A. 12, 260; cf. Ov. M. 7, 620.—

To take a thing upon one's self, to undertake (syn. suscipio):

accipito hanc ad te litem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23: meā causā causam accipite, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 47; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 24; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 20 al.—Hence also,

To bear, endure, suffer any thing disagreeable or troublesome:

hanccine ego ut contumeliam tam insignem ad me accipiam!

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1:

nil satis firmi video, quamobrem accipere hunc me expediat metum,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 96; 5, 1, 59; id. Eun. 4, 6, 24; id. Ad. 2, 1, 53; id. Ph. 5, 2, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

calamitatem,

id. Off. 3, 26:

injuriam,

id. ib. 1, 11 al.—

To accept a thing, to be satisfied with, to approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta; Pam.:

Accipio,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 48:

accepit condicionem, dein quaestum accipit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 52:

visa ista... accipio iisque interdum etiam assentior, nec percipio tamen,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

preces suas acceptas ab dis immortalibus ominati,

Liv. 42, 30, 8 Drak. Cf. Herz, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: “equi te esse feri similem, dico.” Ridemus et ipse Messius: “accipio.” I allow it, Exactly so, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.—

In mercant. lang., t. t., to receive or collect a sum:

pro quo (frumento) cum a Varinio praetore pecuniam accepisset,

Cic. Fl. 45; hence subst.: acceptum, i, n., the receipt, and in account-books the credit side:

in acceptum referre alicui,

to carry over to the credit side, to place to one's credit, Cic. Verr. 1, 36, 57; id. Rosc. Com. 2; id. Phil. 2, 16; id. Caec. 6, 17; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 234 (opp. datum or expensum).—Hence also trop., to owe or be indebted to one, in a good or a bad sense:

ut esset nemo qui non mihi vitam suam, liberos, remp. referret acceptam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5:

omnia mala, quae postea vidimus, uni accepta referemus Antonio,

ascribe, id. ib. 22; Caes. B. G. 8, 58; id. B. C, 3, 57: Acceptum [p. 18] refero versibus, esse nocens, Ov. Trist. 2, 10. —

In the gram m., to take a word or phrase thus or thus, to explain a word in any manner:

adversus interdum promiscue accipitur,

Charis. p. 207 P. al.—(Syn. nanciscor and adipiscor: he to whom something is given, accipit; he who gets by a fortunate occurrence, nanciscitur; he who obtains it by exertion, adipiscitur. “ Sumimus ipsi: accipimus ab alio,” Vel. Long. p. 2243 P.—“Inter tenere, sumere et accipere hoc interest, quod tenemus quae sunt in nostra potestate: sumimus posita: accipimus data,” Isid. Diff. 1).—Hence, acceptus, a, um, P. a., welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus. Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i. e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable;

hence the usual position: gratus atque acceptus).—First, of persons: essetne apud te is servus acceptissimus?

Plaut. Cap. 3, 5, 56:

plebi acceptus erat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13;

acceptus erat in oculis,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5.—

Of things: dis et hominibus est acceptum quod, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:

quod vero approbaris. id gratum acceptumque habendum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3:

quorum mihi dona accepta et grata habeo,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56:

rem populo Romano gratam acceptamque,

Cic. Phil. 13, 50;

tempore accepto exaudivi,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 2.— Comp., Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Rep. 6, 13; Tac. A. 6, 45 al.— Sup., see above.— Adv. accepte does not occur.

ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).

Prop.:

Neptuni corpus acerbum,

bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:

uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,

Cic. de Sen. 15:

saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,

Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;

and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:

ante diem edere partus acerbos,

premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —

Transf.

to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:

serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,

Auct. Her. 4, 47;

to feeling, sharp, keen:

frigus,

bitter, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.

Fig.

Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:

melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

Cic. Lael. 24:

posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,

for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):

acerbissimi feneratores,

id. Att. 6, 1;

so of adversaries or enemies,

violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:

acerbissimus hostis,

id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:

acerbus odisti,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &

H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?

Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —

Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):

ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:

in rebus acerbis,

Lucr. 3, 54:

acerbissimum supplicium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6:

acerbissima vexatio,

id. ib. 4, 1:

acerba memoria temporis,

id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

acerbum funus filiae,

id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.

ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).

Prop.:

Neptuni corpus acerbum,

bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:

uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,

Cic. de Sen. 15:

saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,

Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;

and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:

ante diem edere partus acerbos,

premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —

Transf.

to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:

serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,

Auct. Her. 4, 47;

to feeling, sharp, keen:

frigus,

bitter, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.

Fig.

Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:

melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

Cic. Lael. 24:

posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,

for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):

acerbissimi feneratores,

id. Att. 6, 1;

so of adversaries or enemies,

violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:

acerbissimus hostis,

id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:

acerbus odisti,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &

H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?

Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —

Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):

ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:

in rebus acerbis,

Lucr. 3, 54:

acerbissimum supplicium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6:

acerbissima vexatio,

id. ib. 4, 1:

acerba memoria temporis,

id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

acerbum funus filiae,

id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.

ad-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a. [2. do] (addues for addideris, Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.), to put, place, lay, etc., a person or thing to another.

In gen.

Lit., NEVE AVROM ADDITO, let no gold be put into the grave with the dead, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. in Cic. de Leg. 2, 24: Argus, quem quondam Ioni Juno custodem addidit, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 20; so id. Mil. 2, 6, 69:

adimunt diviti, addunt pauperi,

Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 47:

spumantia addit Frena feris,

Verg. A. 5, 818:

Pergamaque Iliacamque jugis hanc addidit arcem, i.e. imposuit,

id. ib. 3, 336; Hor. Epod. 8, 10:

flammae aquam,

to throw upon, Tib. 2, 4, 42:

incendia ramis,

Sil. 7, 161:

propiorem Martem,

to bring nearer, id. 5, 442.— With in:

uram in ollulas addere,

Varr. R. R. 2, 54, 2:

glandem in dolium,

id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

eas epistulas in eundem fasciculum velim addas,

Cic. Att. 12, 53:

adde manus in vincla meas,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 1; id. A. A. 2, 672, 30.— Poet.:

cum carceribus sese effudere quadrigae, addunt in spatia, i. e. dant se,

Verg. G. 1, 513, v. Heyne and Forb.—Hence,

Trop., to bring to, to add to; with dat.:

pudicitiae hujus vitium me hinc absente'st additum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 179: fletum ingenio muliebri, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50; also absol.:

operam addam sedulo,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 54; so id. Pers. 4, 4, 57: addere animum, or animos, to give courage, make courageous:

mihi quidem addit animum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31:

sed haec sunt in iis libris, quos tu laudando animos mihi addidisti,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 4; so,

animos cum clamore,

Ov. M. 8, 388.—So also:

addis mihi alacritatem scribendi,

Cic. Att. 16, 3:

verba virtutem non addere,

impart, bestow, Sall. C. 58:

severitas dignitatem addiderat,

id. ib. 57:

audaciam,

id. J. 94:

formidinem,

id. ib. 37:

metum,

Tac. H. 1, 62; cf. ib. 76:

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

id. G. 3:

ardorem mentibus,

Verg. A. 9, 184:

ductoribus honores,

id. ib. 5, 249; hence, addere alicui calcar, to give one the spur, to spur him on: anticipate atque addite calcar, Varr. ap. Non. 70, 13:

vatibus addere calcar,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 217 (cf.: admovere calcar Cic. Att. 6, 1, and adhibere calcar, id. Brut. 56).

Esp.

To add to by way of increase, to join or annex to, to augment, with dat. or ad (the most common signif. of this word):

etiam fides, ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 37:

verbum adde etiam unum,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 68; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 19:

non satis habes quod tibi dieculam addo?

id. ib. 4, 2, 27; so id. Eun. 1, 1, 33; id. Ph. 1, 1, 8:

illud in his rebus non addunt,

Lucr. 3, 900: quaeso ne ad malum hoc addas malum, Caec. ap. Non. 154, 15:

addendo deducendoque videre quae reliqui summa fiat,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59; so id. de Or. 2, 12 fin.; id. Fam. 15, 20; id Att. 1, 13:

acervum efficiunt uno addito grano,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

hunc laborem ad cotidiana opera addebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

multas res novas in edictum addidit,

he made essential additions to, Nep. Cat. 2, 3:

eaque res multum animis eorum addidit,

Sall. J. 75, 9:

addita est alia insuper injuria,

Liv. 2, 2:

novas litterarum formas addidit vulgavitque,

Tac. A. 11, 13; cf. ib. 14 al.— Poet.:

noctem addens operi,

also the night to the work, Verg. A. 8, 411;

ut quantum generi demas, virtutibus addas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 22.— With ad:

additum ad caput legis,

Suet. Calig. 40; so Flor. 1, 13, 17.— Poet. with inf.:

ille viris pila et ferro circumdare pectus addiderat,

he instructed them in addition, Sil. 8, 550: addere gradum (sc. gradui), to add step to step, i. e. to quicken one's pace:

adde gradum, appropera,

Plaut. Tr. 4, 3, 3; so Liv. 3, 27; 26, 9; Plin. Ep. 6, 20; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, 58: addito tempore, in course of time:

conjugia sobrinarum diu ignorata addito tempore percrebuisse,

Tac. A. 12, 6; so also: addita aetate, with increased age: in infantia scabunt aures;

quod addita aetate non queunt,

as they grow older, Plin. 11, 48, 108, § 260.—

Mercant. t. t., to add to one's bidding, to give more: nihil addo, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255.—

When a new thought is added to what precedes, as an enlargement of it, it is introduced by adde, adde huc, adde quod, and the like (cf. accedo), add to this, add to this the circumstance that, or besides, moreover...:

adde furorem animi proprium atque oblivia rerum, adde quod in nigras lethargi mergitur undas,

Lucr. 3, 828 sq. (cf. the third verse before: advenit id quod eam de rebus saepe futuris Macerat):

adde huc, si placet, unguentarios, saltatores totumque ludum talarium,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

adde hos praeterea casus, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 71:

adde huc populationem agrorum,

Liv. 7, 30: adde quod pubes tibi crescit omnis, Hor. C. 2, 8, 17; id. Ep. 1, 18, 52:

adde quod ingenuas didicisse fideliter artes Emollit mores nec sinit esse feros,

Ov. Pont. 2, 9, 49:

adde huc quod mercem sine fucis gestat,

Hor. Sat. 1, 2, 83:

adde super dictis quod non levius valeat,

id. ib. 2, 7, 78.—So also when several are addressed, as in the speech of Scipic to his soldiers:

adde defectionem Italiae, Siciliae, etc.,

Liv. 26, 41, 12.—Also with the acc. and inf.:

addebat etiam, se in legem Voconiam juratum contra eam facere non audere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 55;

and with an anticipatory dem. pron.: Addit etiam illud, equites non optimos fuisse,

id. Deiot. 8, 24:

Addit haec, fortes viros sequi, etc.,

id. Mil. 35, 96 al.: addito as abl. absol. with a subj. clause; with the addition, with this addition (post-Aug.): vocantur patres, addito consultandum super re magna et atroci, with this intimation, that they were to consult, etc., Tac. A. 2, 28:

addito ut luna infra terram sit,

Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 62 (cf.:

adjuncto ut... haberentur,

Cic. Off. 2, 12).— Hence, addĭtus, a, um, P. a. (addo I.), joined to one as a constant observer; so,

Watching or observing in a hostile or troublesome manner: si mihi non praetor siet additus atque agitet me, Lucil. ap. Macr. Sat. 6, 4.—Hence, in gen.,

Pursuing one incessantly, persecuting:

nec Teucris addita Juno Usquam aberit,

Verg. A. 6, 90 Serv. (= adfixa, incumbens, infesta).

anxĭus, a, um, adj. [v. ango], distressed, solicitous, uneasy, troubled, anxious (as a permanent state of mind).

Lit.:

neque omnes anxii, qui anguntur aliquando, nec qui anxii semper anguntur,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 12, 27; cf.:

anxietas and angor.—But frequently momentary' anxiae aegritudines et acerbae,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34:

anxio animo aut sollicito esse,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55:

spiritus anxius,

Vulg. Bar. 3, 1:

senes morosi et anxii,

Cic. Sen. 18, 65:

Oratio pauperis, cum anxius fuerit,

Vulg. Psa. 101, 1:

anxius curis,

Ov. M. 9, 275: mentes, * Hor. C. 3, 21, 17:

anxius angor,

Lucr. 3, 993; 6, 1158: anxium habere aliquem, to bring one into trouble, to make anxious or solicitous, Auct. B. Afr. 71; Tac. A. 2, 65.—With gen. animi or mentis:

animi anxius,

Sall. J. 55, 4 Cort., where Dietsch reads animo, and Gerl. omits it altogether:

anxius mentis,

Albin. 1, 398 (for this gen. v. animus, II. B. 1.).—The object on account of which one is anxious or solicitous is put,

In abl.:

gloriā ejus,

Liv. 25, 40:

omine adverso,

Suet. Vit. 8:

venturis,

Luc. 7, 20.—

In gen. (diff. from [p. 135] the preced. gen. animi and mentis):

inopiae,

Liv. 21, 48:

furti (i. e. ne furtum fiat),

Ov. M. 1, 623:

vitae,

id. H. 20, 198:

securitatis,

Plin. 15, 18, 20, § 74:

potentiae,

Tac. A. 4, 12:

sui,

id. H. 3, 38; in acc. vicem, Liv. 8, 35.—

With de:

de famā ingenii,

Quint. 11, 1, 50:

de successore,

Suet. Calig. 19:

de instantibus curis,

Curt. 3, 2; with pro, Plin. Ep. 4, 21.—

With ad:

ad eventum alicujus rei,

Luc. 8, 592.—

With in and abl.:

noli anxius esse in divitiis,

Vulg. Eccli. 5, 10.—

With ne and an:

anxius, ne bellum oriatur,

Sall. J. 6, 6:

anxius, an obsequium senatūs an studia plebis reperiret,

Tac. A. 14, 13.—

Transf.

In an act. sense, that makes anxious, troubles, awakens solicitude, troublesome:

curae,

Liv. 1, 56 (cf.:

anxius curis,

Ov. M. 9, 275):

timor,

Verg. A. 9, 89:

accessu propter aculeos anxio,

Plin. 12, 8, 18, § 33.—

Prepared with anxious care:

elegantia orationis neque morosa neque anxia,

Gell. 15, 7, 3; cf. anxietas, II.—Hence, adv.: anxĭē, anxiously, with anxiety (not in Cic.):

aliquid ferre,

Sall. J. 82, 3:

auguria quaerere,

Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 273:

certare,

Suet. Ner. 23:

aliquam prosequi, Justin. 1, 4: loqui,

Gell. 20, 1:

anxie doctus,

Macr. S. 5, 18; 7, 7.— Comp.: anxius, Gargil. Mart. p. 395 Mai;

and formed by magis: magis anxie,

Sall. ad Caes. Ord. Re Publ. 2 fin.

arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).

Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

aether,

Ov. M. 1, 151:

sidera,

id. ib. 1, 730:

cedrus,

id. Am. 1, 14, 12:

cervix equi,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:

et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),

Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:

supercilia,

i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:

confragosus atque arduus clivis,

steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:

ascensus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:

arduus ac difficilis ascensus,

Liv. 25, 13:

ardua et aspera et confragosa via,

id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

mons,

Ov. M. 1, 316:

Tmolus,

id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:

Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,

Lucr. 1, 659:

in ardua montis Ite,

Ov. M. 8, 692:

ardua terrarum,

Verg. A. 5, 695:

per arduum scandere,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:

in arduo,

Tac. A. 2, 47:

in arduis ponet nidum suum,

Vulg. Job, 39, 27:

ardua Alpium,

Tac. H. 4, 70:

castellorum,

id. A. 11, 9:

ingressi sunt ardua,

Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —

Trop.

That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:

magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,

Cic. Or. 10, 33:

rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,

id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:

id arduum factu erat,

Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:

victoria,

Ov. M. 14, 453:

virtus,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:

nil mortalibus arduum est,

id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:

nec fuit in arduo societas,

Tac. A. 12, 15.—

Troublesome, unpleasant:

in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,

Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:

quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,

Gell. 4, 15:

quam arduum onus,

Tac. A. 1, 11.—

Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:

aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,

in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.

► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used.