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101 realize
realize [ˈrɪəlaɪz]a. ( = become aware of) se rendre compte de ; ( = understand) comprendre• he had not fully realized that his illness was so serious il ne s'était pas vraiment rendu compte de la gravité de sa maladie• this made me realize how lucky I'd been c'est là que je me suis rendu compte de la chance que j'avais eue• I realize that... je me rends compte du fait que...• I realize it's too late, but... je sais bien qu'il est trop tard, mais...b. [+ ambition, hope, plan, assets] réaliser ; [+ price] atteindre* * *['rɪəlaɪz]transitive verb1) ( know) se rendre compte de [error, significance, fact]to realize how/what — comprendre comment/ce que
more/less than people realize — plus/moins que les gens n'en ont conscience
I realize that! — oui, je sais bien!
2) ( make real) réaliser [idea, dream, goal, design]4) Commerce [sale] rapporter [sum]; [person, vendor] faire [sum] (on en vendant) -
102 scholarly
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103 setback
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104 severe
severe [sɪˈvɪər]a. ( = serious) [problems, damage, shortage, injury, illness] grave ; [blow, loss] sévère ; [hardship, setback] sérieux ; [pain, frost] fort ; [migraine] violent ; [climate, winter] rigoureux ; [cold] intenseb. ( = strict) [person, expression, measure] sévèrec. [clothes] sévère* * *[sɪ'vɪə(r)]1) ( extreme) [problem, damage, shortage, injury, depression, shock] grave; [weather, cold, winter] rigoureux/-euse; [headache] violent; [loss] lourd2) ( harsh) sévère3) ( austere) austère -
105 solemn
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106 this
this [ðɪs](plural these)• who is this man? qui est cet homme ?• whose are these books? à qui sont ces livres ?• this photographer came up to me in the street (inf) il y a un photographe qui est venu vers moi dans la rueb. (stressed, or as opposed to "that", "those") (singular) ce...-ci, cette...-ci ; (plural) ces...-ci(plural these)a. ceci, ce• what is this? qu'est-ce que c'est (que ceci) ?• whose is this? à qui appartient ceci ?► this is• this is the boy I told you about c'est or voici le garçon dont je t'ai parlé• how much is this? combien coûte celui-ci (or celle-ci) ?• these over here ceux-ci (or celles-ci)• not these! pas ceux-ci (or celles-ci) !3. adverb* * *[ðɪs] 1.determiner (pl these) ce/cet/cette/ces2.this woman came up to me — (colloq) une femme est venue vers moi (colloq)
who's this? — gen qui est-ce?; ( on telephone) qui est à l'appareil?
where's this? — ( on photo) c'est où?
3.this is my sister Pauline — ( introduction) voici ma sœur Pauline; ( on photo) c'est ma sœur, Pauline
having got this far it would be a pity to stop now — lit, fig maintenant qu'on est arrivé jusque-là ce serait dommage de s'arrêter
I didn't realize it was this serious — je ne m'étais pas rendu compte que c'était sérieux à ce point-là
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107 tone
tone [təʊn]1. noun• don't speak to me in that tone (of voice)! ne me parlez pas sur ce ton !• to raise/lower the tone of sth rehausser/rabaisser le niveau de qchb. (in colour) ton mc. [of muscles] tonus m2. compounds[+ muscles] tonifier* * *[təʊn] 1.1) gen, Music ( quality of sound) timbre m; Telecommunications tonalité f2) ( character of voice) ton min angry/serious tones — avec colère/avec sérieux
3) ( character) (of letter, speech, meeting) ton mto lower the tone of — rabaisser le niveau de [conversation]; dégrader l'image de [area]
4) ( colour) ton m5) ( firmness of muscle) tonus m2.transitive verb (also tone up) tonifier3.Phrasal Verbs: -
108 worse
worse [wɜ:s]1. adjective• I'm bad at English, but worse at maths je suis mauvais en anglais et pire en maths• things could be worse! ça pourrait être pire !• and, what's worse,... et, qui pis est...• and, to make matters worse, he... et pour ne rien arranger, il...• to be the worse for drink ( = drunk) être ivre• you're worse than he is! tu es pire que lui !d. ( = more harmful) smoking is worse for you than cholesterol le tabac est plus mauvais pour la santé que le cholestérol2. adverba. (in quality, behaviour) [sing, play] plus mal• and, worse,... et, qui pis est,...• now I'm worse off than before maintenant, je suis moins bien loti qu'avantb. ( = more intensely) it hurts worse than ever ça fait plus mal que jamais3. nounpire m* * *[wɜːs] 1.1) (more unsatisfactory, unpleasant) pireto get worse — [pressure, noise] augmenter; [conditions, weather] empirer
‘you missed the bus’ - ‘yes worse luck!’ — ‘tu as raté le bus’ - ‘oui pas de veine (colloq)!’
2) (more serious, severe) pire ( than que)and what is worse, she doesn't care — et le pire, c'est que ça lui est égal
to get worse (and worse) — [illness, conflict] s'aggraver; [patient] aller de plus en plus mal
to be made worse — être aggravé (by par)
you'll only make things ou it worse! — tu ne feras qu'empirer les choses!
and to make matters worse, he lied — et pour ne rien arranger, il a menti
3) ( of lower standard) pire ( than que)4) (more unwell, unhappy)to feel worse — ( more ill) se sentir plus malade; ( more unhappy) aller moins bien
5) ( more inappropriate)he couldn't have chosen a worse place to meet — il n'aurait pas pu choisir un lieu de rendez-vous moins approprié
2. 3.the decision couldn't have come at a worse time — la décision n'aurait pas pu arriver à un moment plus inopportun
1) (more unsatisfactorily, incompetently) moins bien ( than que)2) (more seriously, severely) [cough, bleed, vomit] plus -
109 SFO
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110 competitive
(product) concurrentiel(elle); (company, price) compétitif(ive);∎ to offer competitive terms proposer des prix très compétitifs;∎ industry must become more competitive l'industrie doit devenir plus compétitivecompetitive advantage avantage m concurrentiel;competitive advertising publicité f concurrentielle;competitive analysis analyse f des concurrents;competitive awareness sensibilité f compétitive;competitive bidding appel m d'offres;competitive edge avance f concurrentielle;competitive marketplace marché m de concurrence;competitive position position f concurrentielle;competitive positioning positionnement m concurrentiel;competitive pricing fixation f des prix compétitifs;competitive scope domaine m concurrentiel, champ m concurrentiel;competitive strategy stratégie f concurrentielleThe new, new thing is really serious. The impact of publicity on the Internet is fast and global - instantaneously everywhere. I first noticed it in action three years ago when a client called to complain that its competitor was getting tons of publicity and the client wasn't. I was stunned, because we had just done a competitive analysis showing our client had dramatically more publicity.
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111 counterbid
suroffre f, surenchère f; (during takeover bid) contre-OPA fThere is the possibility of a counterbid. Barclays, Aegon, Generali, Allianz and AXA could all be interested. But analysts are sceptical of a serious bidding war. A counterbidder would have to increase the price and at this level it looks hard to justify, says banking analyst John Kirk of broker Fox-Pitt Kelton.
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112 cover
1 noun∎ to have cover against sth être couvert(e) contre qchcover note lettre f de couverture, certificat m provisoire d'assurance∎ to operate with/without cover opérer avec couverture/à découvertcover ratio taux m de couverture(c) to send sth under separate cover faire parvenir qch sous pli séparéAmerican cover letter lettre f explicative; (enclosed with CV) lettre de motivation; cover page (of fax) page f de garde;cover sheet (of fax) page de gardeto be fully covered être entièrement couvert(e);∎ this insurance covers serious illness cette assurance couvre l'assuré en cas de maladie grave∎ to cover a bill faire la provision d'une lettre de change;(c) (be enough for) couvrir;∎ to cover one's expenses rentrer dans ses frais;∎ to cover a deficit combler un déficit; -
113 depressed
(market, trade) déprimé(e); (area, industry) touché(e) par la crise; (prices, profits, wages) en baisse;∎ this is one of the most depressed sectors of the economy c'est l'un des secteurs économiques les plus touchés par la crise;∎ the economy has been in a depressed state for nearly three years l'économie est dans un état de marasme depuis bientôt trois ansWhat makes the difference in the UK is that people are more likely to get on their bikes from depressed areas to booming ones such as Cambridge than they are to seek work in Cologne. And if there are serious regional imbalances, the UK government has the power to spend proportionately more money on the needy regions - as it does in Northern Ireland.
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114 money
∎ counterfeit money fausse monnaie;∎ the deal is worth a lot of money c'est un contrat qui porte sur de très grosses sommes;∎ to get one's money back (get reimbursed) se faire rembourser; (recover one's expenses) rentrer dans ses fondsmoney of account monnaie de compte;money broker prêteur(euse) m, f sur titre;BANKING money at call argent au jour le jour, argent à vue;money laundering blanchiment m d'argent;American money manager gestionnaire m f de portefeuille;money market marché m monétaire ou financier;American money market certificate instrument m de marché monétaire;money market fund fonds m commun de placement, ≃ sicav f monétaire;money measurement estimation f monétaire;money order mandat m (postal);money rate taux m de l'argent;BANKING money at short notice argent à court terme;money supply masse f monétaire;money trader cambiste m f∎ to be in the money être dans les cours;∎ to be at the money être à parité;∎ to be out of the money être hors des coursBut these problems, together with those seen in the euro switchover, do post a warning. We now know that the far simpler changeover to the euro resulted in large bank payments going astray and a serious liquidity problem in the Euroland money markets, which required large injections of cash.
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115 responsible
(a) (in control, in authority) responsable;∎ who's responsible for research? qui est chargé de la recherche?;∎ a responsible position un poste à responsabilité(b) (accountable) responsable;∎ he is responsible only to the managing director il n'est responsable que devant le directeur général(c) (serious, trustworthy) responsable;∎ the chemical industry has become more environmentally responsible l'industrie chimique se préoccupe davantage de l'environnement;∎ our bank makes responsible investments notre banque a une politique d'investissement responsable -
116 ailment
noun (an illness, usually not serious or dangerous: Children often have minor ailments.) petits maux -
117 airy
1) (with plenty of (fresh) air: an airy room.) bien aéré2) (light-hearted and not serious: an airy disregard for authority.) désinvolte -
118 bad
[bæd]comparative - worse; adjective1) (not good; not efficient: He is a bad driver; His eyesight is bad; They are bad at tennis (= they play tennis badly).) mauvais2) (wicked; immoral: a bad man; He has done some bad things.) méchant3) (unpleasant: bad news.) mauvais4) (rotten: This meat is bad.) pourri5) (causing harm or injury: Smoking is bad for your health.) mauvais6) ((of a part of the body) painful, or in a weak state: She has a bad heart; I have a bad head (= headache) today.) malade, sale7) (unwell: I am feeling quite bad today.) mal8) (serious or severe: a bad accident; a bad mistake.) grave9) ((of a debt) not likely to be paid: The firm loses money every year from bad debts.) douteux•- badly- badness - badly off - feel bad about something - feel bad - go from bad to worse - not bad - too bad -
119 badly
comparative - worse; adverb1) (not well, efficiently or satisfactorily: He plays tennis very badly.) mal2) (to a serious or severe extent: He badly needs a haircut; The dress is badly stained.) sérieusement -
120 clash
[klæʃ] 1. noun1) (a loud noise, like eg swords striking together: the clash of metal on metal.) choc métallique2) (a serious disagreement or difference: a clash of personalities.) conflit3) (a battle: a clash between opposing armies.) affrontement4) ((of two or more things) an act of interfering with each other because of happening at the same time: a clash between classes.) coïncidence fãcheuse2. verb1) (to strike together noisily: The cymbals clashed.) s'entrechoquer2) (to fight (in battle): The two armies clashed at the mouth of the valley.) s'affronter3) (to disagree violently: They clashed over wages.) ètre en désaccord (sur)4) (to interfere (with something or each other) because of happening at the same time: The two lectures clash.) tomber en mème temps5) ((of colours) to appear unpleasant when placed together: The (colour of the) jacket clashes with the (colour of the) skirt.) jurer (avec)
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