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human+kind

  • 21 congénere

    adj.
    1 akin.
    2 congenerous.
    f. & m.
    relative, congener, kinsman, kin.
    * * *
    1 congeneric, congenerous
    1 sort, kind
    * * *
    SM fellow, person etc of the same sort
    * * *
    masculino y femenino

    mis/tus/sus congéneres — my/your/his kind

    * * *
    Ex. Smooth dogfish is a common coastal shark species found in the Atlantic Ocean, but congeners are known from the Mediterranean Sea.
    * * *
    masculino y femenino

    mis/tus/sus congéneres — my/your/his kind

    * * *

    Ex: Smooth dogfish is a common coastal shark species found in the Atlantic Ocean, but congeners are known from the Mediterranean Sea.

    * * *
    mis/tus/sus congéneres my/your/his kind
    el hombre y sus congéneres man and his fellow human beings
    el perro y sus congéneres the dog and animals of its kind
    * * *

    congénere sustantivo masculino y femenino
    1 (del mismo género animal) kind, fellow
    el conejo y sus congéneres, rabbits and their kind
    2 pey (compinche) buddy, pal: él y sus congéneres se dedicaron a romper escaparates, he and his buddies spent their time breaking windows
    * * *
    me avergüenzo de mis congéneres I am ashamed of my kind;
    el cachorro fue devorado por sus congéneres the cub was eaten by other lions;
    el virus afecta más a los varones de más de 60 que a sus congéneres más jóvenes the virus tends to affect males over the age of 60 more than their younger counterparts
    * * *
    m/f
    :
    este chico y sus congéneres this boy and others like him

    Spanish-English dictionary > congénere

  • 22 especie

    f.
    1 species (animal).
    especie protegida protected species
    especie en vías de extinción endangered species
    2 kind, sort.
    pagar en especie to pay in kind
    Una extraña suerte de plantas A strange sort of plants.
    pres.subj.
    1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: especiar.
    * * *
    1 (de animales, plantas) species
    2 (tipo) kind, sort
    3 (tema) matter, notion, idea; (noticia) piece of news
    \
    en especie in kind
    * * *
    noun f.
    2) type, kind
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Bio) species

    especie amenazada, especie en peligro — endangered species

    2) (=clase) kind, sort

    una especie de... — a kind o sort of...

    3)
    4) (=noticia) piece of news

    con la especie de que... — on the pretext that...

    corre la especie de que ha dimitido — there is a rumour that she has resigned, it is rumoured that she has resigned

    * * *
    1) (Biol, Bot, Zool) species
    2) ( clase) kind, sort

    una especie de sopa — a sort o a kind of soup

    3)

    en especie or especies — in kind

    * * *
    = breed, species.
    Nota: Dícese del concepto o conceptos inferiores dentro de una jerarquía semántica entre conceptos.
    Ex. He is one of the new breed of librarians, a person with traditional library training enhanced by formal training in mathematics and computer science.
    Ex. The relationship of a species to its genus is one of subordination.
    ----
    * en especie = in kind.
    * especie acuática = aquatic species.
    * especie amenazada = threatened species.
    * especie animal = animal species.
    * especie cercana = close cousin.
    * especie en peligro = endangered species.
    * especie en (vías de) extinción = endangered species, dying breed.
    * especie protegida = protected species.
    * especie rara = rare species, rare breed.
    * especie vegetal = plant species.
    * Origen de las Especies, el = Origin of Species, the.
    * pagar en especie = pay in + kind.
    * pago en especie = payment in kind.
    * relación género = genus/species relationship.
    * una especie de = a kind of.
    * una especie de + Nombre = Nombre + of sorts.
    * * *
    1) (Biol, Bot, Zool) species
    2) ( clase) kind, sort

    una especie de sopa — a sort o a kind of soup

    3)

    en especie or especies — in kind

    * * *
    = breed, species.
    Nota: Dícese del concepto o conceptos inferiores dentro de una jerarquía semántica entre conceptos.

    Ex: He is one of the new breed of librarians, a person with traditional library training enhanced by formal training in mathematics and computer science.

    Ex: The relationship of a species to its genus is one of subordination.
    * en especie = in kind.
    * especie acuática = aquatic species.
    * especie amenazada = threatened species.
    * especie animal = animal species.
    * especie cercana = close cousin.
    * especie en peligro = endangered species.
    * especie en (vías de) extinción = endangered species, dying breed.
    * especie protegida = protected species.
    * especie rara = rare species, rare breed.
    * especie vegetal = plant species.
    * Origen de las Especies, el = Origin of Species, the.
    * pagar en especie = pay in + kind.
    * pago en especie = payment in kind.
    * relación género = genus/species relationship.
    * una especie de = a kind of.
    * una especie de + Nombre = Nombre + of sorts.

    * * *
    A ( Biol, Bot, Zool) species
    especie protegida protected species
    la especie humana the human race
    especie en peligro or vías de extinción endangered species
    B (tipo, clase) kind, sort
    era una especie de sopa it was a sort of o a kind of soup
    D ( Relig) kind, species
    comulgar bajo las dos especies to take both bread and wine during the Eucharist, to communicate in both kinds o under both species ( frml)
    E
    en especie or especies in kind
    me lo pagó en especies he paid me in kind
    F
    ( Esp fam) (en insultos): ¡especie de idiota! you stupid idiot! ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    especie sustantivo femenino
    a) (Biol, Bot, Zool) species

    b) ( clase) kind, sort

    especie sustantivo femenino
    1 Biol species inv
    2 (clase, tipo) kind, sort
    una especie de ratón con alas, a sort of mouse with wings
    ♦ Locuciones: Com en especie, in kind
    ' especie' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    conservación
    - ejemplar
    - extinguir
    - extinguirse
    - hombre
    - humanidad
    - individuo
    - protegida
    - protegido
    - suerte
    - abundar
    - ciervo
    - desaparición
    - diferenciar
    - enano
    - evolucionado
    - extinción
    - inferior
    - multiplicar
    - originario
    - pago
    - parecido
    - propagar
    - prototipo
    - vía
    English:
    dying
    - extinct
    - in-kind
    - kind
    - magnetism
    - native
    - never-never land
    - species
    - type
    - wipe out
    - Yorkshire pudding
    - custard
    - fudge
    - midge
    - migrant
    - soft
    - sort
    - worst
    * * *
    1. [biológica] species [singular];
    el origen de las especies the origin of species;
    especie endémica endemic species;
    especie protegida protected species;
    especie en vías de extinción endangered species
    2. [clase] kind, sort;
    llevaba una especie de abrigo she was wearing some sort of overcoat;
    toda esta gente es de la misma especie all these people are the same
    3. [productos, servicios]
    en especie in kind;
    pagar en especie to pay in kind;
    Fin
    rendimientos o [m5] retribuciones en especie [de empresa] benefits in kind
    4. Formal [rumor] rumour
    * * *
    f
    1 BIO species
    2 ( tipo) kind, sort;
    una especie de a kind o sort of
    3
    :
    en especie in kind
    * * *
    1) : species
    2) clase, tipo: type, kind, sort
    * * *
    1. (de animal, planta) species
    2. (tipo) kind / sort

    Spanish-English dictionary > especie

  • 23 महा _mahā

    1
    महा A cow.
    2
    महा The substitute of महत् at the beginning of Karmadhāraya and Bahuvrīhi compounds, and also at the beginning of some other irregular words. (Note: The number of compounds of which महा is the first mem- ber is very large, and may be multiplied ad infinitum. The more important of them, or such as have peculiar significations, are given below.)
    -Comp. -अक्षः an epithet of Śiva. ˚पटलिक a chief keeper of archives.
    -अङ्ग a. huge, bulky.
    -(ङ्गः) 1 a camel.
    -2 a kind of rat.
    -3 N. of Śiva.
    -अञ्जनः N. of a mountain.
    -अत्ययः a great danger or calamity.
    -अध्वनिक a. 'having gone a long way', dead.
    -अध्वरः a great sacrifice.
    -अनसम् 1 a heavy carriage.
    -2 cooking utensils. (
    -सी) a kitchen-maid. (
    -सः, -सम्) a kitchen; सूपानस्य करिष्यामि कुशलो$स्मि महानसे Mb.4.2.2.
    -अनिलः a whirl- wind; महानिलेनेव निदाघजं रजः Ki.14.59.
    -अनुभाव a.
    1 of great prowess, dignified, noble, glorious, magnanimous, exalted, illustrious; ग्रहीतुमार्यान् परिचर्यया मुहुर्महानु- भावा हि नितान्तमर्थिनः Śi.1.17; Ś.3.
    -2 virtuous, righteous, just.
    (-वः) 1 a worthy or respectable person.
    -2 (pl.) people of a religious sect in Mahārāṣtra founded by Chakradhara in the 13th century.
    -अन्तकः 1 death.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -अन्धकारः 1 thick darkness.
    -2 gross (spiritual) ignorance.
    -अन्ध्राः (pl.) N. of a people and their country.
    -अन्वय, -अभिजन a. nobly-born, of noble birth. (
    -यः, -नः) noble birth, high descent.
    -अभिषवः the great extraction of Soma.
    -अमात्यः the chief or prime minister (of a king).
    -अम्बुकः an epithet of Śiva.
    -अम्बुजम् a billion.
    -अम्ल a. very sour. (
    -म्लम्) the fruit of the tamarind tree. अरण्यम् a great (dreary) forest, large forest.
    -अर्घ a. very costly, costing a high price; महार्घस्तीर्थानामिव हि महतां को$प्यतिशयः U.6.11. (
    -र्घः) a kind of quail.
    -अर्घ्य a.
    1 valuable, precious.
    -2 invaluable; ines- timable; see महार्ह below.
    -अर्चिस् a. flaming high.
    -अर्णवः 1 the great ocean.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -अर्थ a.
    1 rich.
    -2 great, noble, dignified.
    -3 important, weighty.
    -4 significant.
    -अर्बुदम् one thousand millions.
    -अर्ह a.
    1 very valuable, very costly; महार्हशय्यापरिवर्तनच्युतैः स्वकेशपुष्पैरपि या स्म दूयते Ku.5.12.
    -2 invaluable, inestimable; महार्हशयनोपेत किं शेषे निहतो भुवि Rām.6.19. 2. (
    -र्हम्) white sandal-wood.
    -अवरोहः the fig-tree.
    -अशनिध्वजः a great banner in the form of the thunderbolt; जहार चान्येन मयूरपत्रिणा शरेण शक्रस्य महाशनि- ध्वजम् R.3.56.
    - अशन a. voracious, gluttonous; Mb. 4.
    -अश्मन् m. a precious stone, ruby.
    -अष्टमी the eighth day in the bright half of Āśvina sacred to Durgā; आश्विने शुक्लपक्षस्य भवेद् या तिथिरष्टमी । महाष्टमीति सा प्रोक्ता......
    -असिः a large sword.
    -असुरी N. of Durgā.
    -अह्नः the afternoon.
    -आकार a. extensive, large, great.
    -आचार्यः 1 a great teacher.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -आढ्य a. wealthy, very rich. (
    -ढ्यः) the Kadamba tree.
    -आत्मन् a.
    1 high-souled, high-minded, magnanimous, noble; अयं दुरात्मा अथवा महात्मा कौटिल्यः Mu.7; द्विषन्ति मन्दाश्चरितं महात्मनाम् Ku.5.75; U.1.49; प्रकृतिसिद्धमिदं हि महात्मनाम् Bh.1.63.
    -2 illustrious, distinguished, exalted, eminent; किमाचाराः किमाहाराः क्व च वासो महात्मनाम् Mb.3. 1.4.
    -3 mighty (महाबल); अथायमस्यां कृतवान् महात्मा लङ्केश्वरः कष्टमनार्यकर्म Rām.5.9.74. (-m.)
    1 the Supreme Spirit; युगपत्तु प्रलीयन्ते यदा तस्मिन् महात्मनि Ms.1.54.
    -2 the great principle, i. e. intellect of the Sāṅkhyas. (महात्मवत् means the same as महात्मन्).
    -आनकः a kind of large drum.
    -आनन्दः, -नन्दः 1 great joy or bliss.
    -2 espe- cially, the great bliss of final beatitude.
    (-न्दा) 1 spirituous liquor.
    -2 a festival on the ninth day in the bright half of Māgha.
    -आपगा a great river.
    -आयुधः an epithet of Śiva.
    -आरम्भ a. undertaking great works, enterprizing. (
    -म्भः) any great enterprize.
    -आलयः 1 a temple in general.
    -2 a sanctuary, an asylum.
    -3 a great dwelling.
    -4 a place of pilgrimage.
    -5 the world of Brahman.
    -6 the Supreme Spirit.
    -7 a tree &c. sacred to a deity.
    -8 N. of a particular dark fortnight.
    -9 पितृश्राद्ध in the month of Bhādra- pada. (
    -या) N. of a particular deity.
    - आशय a. high- souled, nobleminded, magnanimous, noble; दैवात् प्रबुद्धः शुश्राव वराहो हि महाशयः Ks; राजा हिरण्यगर्भो महाशयः H.4; see महात्मन्.
    (-यः) 1 a noble-minded or magnanimous person; महाशयचक्रवर्ती Bv.1.7.
    -2 the ocean.
    -आस्पद a.
    1 occupying a great position.
    -2 mighty, powerful.
    -आहवः a great or tumultuous fight.
    -इच्छ a.
    1 magnanimous, noble-minded, high-souled, noble; मही महेच्छः परिकीर्य सूनौ R.18.33.
    -2 having lofty aims or aspirations, ambitious; विद्यावतां महेच्छानां...... नाश्रयः पार्थिवं विना Pt.1.37.
    -इन्द्रः 1 'the great Indra', N. of Indra; इयं महेन्द्रप्रभृतीनधिश्रियः Ku.5.53; R.13.2; Ms.7.7.
    -2 a chief or leader in general.
    -3 N. of a mountain range; पतिर्महेन्द्रस्य महोदधेश्च R.6.54;4.39,43. ˚चापः rain-bow. ˚नगरी N. of Amarāvatī, the capital of Indra. ˚मन्त्रिन् m. an epithet of Bṛihaspati. ˚वाहः the elephant Airāvata; महेन्द्रवाहप्रतिमो महात्मा Mb.9.17.52.
    -इभ्य a. very rich.
    -इषुः a great archer; अधिरोहति गाण्डीवं महेषौ Ki.13.16.
    -इष्वासः a great archer, a great warrior; अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भामार्जुनसमा युधि Bg.1.4.
    -ईशः, -ईशानः N. of Śiva; महेशस्त्वां धत्ते शिरसि रसराजस्य जयिनीम् Udb. ˚बन्धुः the Bilva tree.
    -ईशानी N. of Pārvatī.
    -ईश्वरः 1 a great lord, sovereign; महेश्वरस्त्र्यम्बक एव नापरः R.; गोप्तारं न निधीनां कथयन्ति महेश्वरं विबुधाः Pt.2.74.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 of Viṣṇu.
    -4 a god (opp. प्रकृति).
    -5 the Supreme Being (परमात्मा); मायां तु प्रकृतिं विद्यान्मायिनं तु महेश्वरम् Śvet. Up.4.1. ˚सखः N. of Kubera; यया कैलासभवने महेश्वरसखं बली Mb.9.11.55.
    (-री) 1 N. of Durgā.
    -2 a kind of bell-metal.
    -उक्षः (for उक्षन्) a large bull; a full grown or strong bull; महोक्षतां वत्सतरः स्पृशन्निव R.3.32;4.22;6.72; Śi.5.63.
    -उत्पलम् a large blue lotus. (
    -लः) the Sārasa bird.
    -उत्सवः 1 a great festival or occasion of joy; नयनविषयं जन्मन्येकः स एव महोत्सवः Māl.1.36.
    -2 the god of love.
    -उत्साह a. possessed of great energy, energetic, persevering; अहं च कर्णं जानामि...... सत्यसंधं महोत्साहं...... Mb.3.91.2.
    (-हः) 1 perseverance.
    -2 great pride; ये जात्यादिमहो- त्साहान्नरेन्द्रान्नोपयान्ति च । तेषामामरणं भिक्षा प्रायश्चितं विनिर्मितम् ॥ Pt.1.38.
    -उदधिः 1 the great ocean; महोदधेः पूर इवेन्दु- दर्शनात् R.3.17.
    -2 an epithet of Indra. ˚जः a conch- shell, shell.
    - उदय a. very prosperous or lucky, very glorious or splendid, of great prosperity.
    (-यः) 1 (a) great elevation or rise, greatness, prosperity; नन्दस्त्वतीन्द्रियं दृष्ट्वा लोकपालमहोदयम् Bhāg.1.28.1; अपवर्ग- महोदयार्थयोर्भुवमंशाविव धर्मयोर्गतौ R.8.16. (b) great fortune or good luck. (c) greatness, pre-eminence.
    -2 final beatitude.
    -3 a lord, master.
    -4 N. of the district called Kānyakubja or Kanouja; see App.
    -5 N. of the capital of Kanouja.
    -6 sour milk mixed with honey.
    -7 = महात्मन् q. v.; संसक्तौ किमसुलभं महोदयानाम Ki.7.27. ˚पर्वन् a time of union of the middle of श्रवण नक्षत्र and the end of व्यतिपात (generally in the month of माघ or पौष at the beginning of अमावास्या).
    - उदर a. big-bellied, corpulent.
    -(रम्) 1 a big belly.
    -2 dropsy.
    -उदार a.
    1 very generous or magnanimous.
    -2 mighty, powerful.
    -उद्यम a. = महोत्साह q. v; महोद्यमाः कर्म समा- रभन्ते.
    -उद्योग a. very industrious or diligent, hard- working.
    -उद्रेकः a particular measure (= 4 प्रस्थs).
    -उन्नत a. exceedingly lofty. (
    -तः) the palmyra tree.
    -उन्नतिः f. great rise or elevation (fig. also), high rank.
    -उपकारः a great obligation.
    -उपाध्यायः a great preceptor, a learned teacher.
    -उरगः a great serpent; वपुर्महोरगस्येव करालफणमण्डलम् R.12.98.
    -उरस्क a. broad-chested. (
    -स्कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -उर्मिन् m. the ocean; ततः सागरमासाद्य कुक्षौ तस्य महोर्मिणः Mb.3.2.17.
    -उल्का 1 a great meteor.
    -2 a great fire-brand.
    -ऋत्विज् m. 'great priest', N. of the four chief sacri- ficial priests.
    -ऋद्धि a. very prosperous, opulent. (-f.) great prosperity or affluence.
    -ऋषभः a great bull.
    -ऋषिः 1 a great sage or saint; यस्मादृषिः परत्वेन महांस्त- स्मान्महर्षयः; (the term is applied in Ms.1.34 to the ten Prajāpatis or patriarchs of mankind, but it is also used in the general sense of 'a great sage').
    -2 N. of Sacute;iva.
    -3 of Buddha.
    -ओघ a. having a strong current.
    -घः a very large number; शतं खर्व- सहस्राणां समुद्रमभिधीयते । शतं समुद्रसाहस्रं महौघमिति विश्रुतम् ॥ Rām.6.28.37.
    -ओष्ठ (महोष्ठ) a. having large lips. (
    -ष्ठः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -ओजस् a. very mighty or powerful, possessed of great splendour or glory; महौजसा मानधना धनार्चिताः Ki.1.19. (-m.) a great hero or warrior, a champion. (-n.) great vigour.
    -ओजसम् the discus of Viṣṇu (सुदर्शन). (
    -सी) N. of plant (Mar. कांगणी).
    -ओदनी Asparagus Racemosus (Mar. शतावरी).
    -ओषधिः f.
    1 a very efficacious medicinal plant, a sovereign drug.
    -2 the Dūrvā grass.
    -3 N. of various plants ब्राह्मी, श्वेतकण्टकारी, कटुका, अतिविष &c. ˚गणः a collection of great or medicinal herbs:-- पृश्निपर्णी श्यामलता भृङ्गराजः शतावरी । गुड्चा सहदेवी च महौषधिगणः स्मृतः ॥ cf. also सहदेवी तथा व्याघ्री बला चातिबला त्वचा । शङ्खपुष्पी तथा सिंही अष्टमी च सुवर्चला ॥ महौषध्यष्टकं प्रोक्तं....
    -औषधम् 1 a sovereign remedy, panacea.
    -2 ginger.
    -3 garlic.
    -4 a kind of poison (वत्सनाभ).
    -कच्छः 1 the sea.
    -2 N. of Varuṇa.
    -3 a mountain.
    -कन्दः garlic.
    -कपर्दः a kind of shell.
    -कपित्थः 1 the Bilva tree.
    -2 red garlic.
    -कम्बु a. stark naked. (
    -म्बुः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -कर a.
    1 large-handed.
    -2 having a large revenue.
    -कर्णः an epithet of Śiva.
    -कर्मन् a. doing great works. (-m.) an epithet of Śiva.
    -कला the night of the new moon.
    -कल्पः a great cycle of time (1 years of Brahman); Bhāg.7.15.69.
    -कविः 1 a great poet, a classical poet, such as कालिदास, भवभूति, बाण, भारवि &c.
    -2 an epithet of Śukra.
    -कषायः N. of a plant (Mar. कायफळ).
    -कान्तः an epithet of Śiva. (
    -ता) the earth.
    -काय a. big-bodied, big, gigantic, bulky.
    (-यः) 1 an elephant.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -3 of Viṣṇu.
    -4 of a being attending on Śiva (= नन्दि).
    -कारुणिक a. exceedingly compassionate.
    -कार्तिकी the night of full-moon in the month of Kārtika.
    -कालः 1 a form of Śiva in his character as the destroyer of the world; महाकालं यजेद्देव्या दक्षिणे धूम्रवर्णकम् Kālītantram.
    -2 N. of a cele- brated shrine or temple of Śiva (Mahākāla) (one of the 12 celebrated Jyotirliṅgas) established at Ujjayinī (immortalized by Kālidāsa in his Meghadūta, which gives a very beautiful description of the god, his temple, worship &c., together with a graphic picture of the city; cf. Me.3-38; also R.6.34); महाकालनिवासिनं कालीविलासिनमनश्वरं महेश्वरं समाराध्य Dk.1.1.
    -3 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -4 N. of a kind of gourd.
    -5 N. of Śiva's servant (नन्दि). ˚पुरम् the city of Ujjayinī. ˚फलम् a red fruit with black seeds; पक्वं महाकालफलं किलासीत् N.22.29.
    -काली an epithet of Durgā in her terrific form.
    -काव्यम् a great or classical poem; (for a full description of its nature, contents &c., according to Rhetoricians see S. D.559). (The number of Mahākāvyas is usually said to be five:-- रघुवंश, कुमारसंभव, किरातार्जुनीय, शिशुपालवध and नैषधचरित or six, if मेघदूत-- a very small poem or खण़्डकाव्य-- be added to the list. But this enumeration is apparently only traditional, as there are several other poems, such as the भट्टिकाव्य, विक्रमाङ्कदेवचरित, हरविजय &c. which have an equal claim to be considered as Mahākāvyas).
    -कीर्तनम् a house.
    -कुमारः the eldest son of a reigning prince, heir-apparent.
    -कुल, -कुलीन a. of noble birth or descent, sprung from a noble family, nobly born. (
    -लम्) a noble birth or family, high descent.
    -कुहः a species of parasitical worm.
    -कृच्छ्रम् a great penance.
    -केतुः N. of Śiva.
    -केशः, -कोशः 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 a large sheath.
    -क्रतुः a great sacrifice; e. g. a horse-sacrifice; तदङ्गमग्ऱ्यं मघवन् महाक्रतोरमुं तुरङ्गं प्रतिमोक्तुमर्हसि R.3.46.
    -क्रमः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -क्रोधः an epithet of Śiva.
    -क्षत्रपः a great satrap.
    -क्षीरः sugar-cane.
    -क्षीरा f. a She-buffalo; Nighaṇṭaratnākara.
    -खर्वः, -र्वम् a high number (ten billions ?).
    -गजः a great elephant; see दिक्करिन्.
    -गणपतिः a form of the god Gaṇeśa.
    -गदः fever.
    -गन्ध a. exceedingly fragrant. (
    -न्धः) a kind of cane. (
    -न्धम्) a kind of sandal- wood. (
    -न्धा) N. of Chāmuṇḍā.
    -गर्तः, -गर्भः -गीतः N. of Śiva.
    -गर्दभगन्धिका N. of a plant, भारङ्गी.
    -गल a. longnecked.
    -गवः Bos gavaeus.
    -गुण a. very efficacious, sovereign (as a medicine); त्वया ममैष संबन्धः कपिमुख्य महागुणः Rām.5.1.12. (
    -णः) a chief quality, cardinal virtue.
    -गुरुः a highly respectable or venerable person; (these are three, the father, mother and preceptor; पिता माता तथाचार्यो महागुरुरिति स्मृतः).
    -गुल्मा the Soma plant.
    -गृष्टिः f. a cow with a large hump.
    -ग्रहः 1 an epithet of Rāhu.
    -2 the sun; महाग्रहग्राहविनष्टपङ्कः Rām.5.5.6.
    -ग्रामः N. of the ancient capital of Ceylon, the modern Māgama.
    -ग्रीवः 1 a camel.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -ग्रीविन् m. a camel.
    -घूर्णा spirituous liquor.
    -घृतम् ghee kept for a long time (for medicinal purposes).
    -घोष a. noisy, loud-sounding. (
    -षम्) a market, fair. (
    -षः) a loud noise, clamour.
    -चक्रम् the mystic circle in the शाक्त ceremonial.
    -चक्रवर्तिन् m. a universal monarch.
    -चण्डा N. of Chāmuṇḍā.
    -चपला a kind of metre.
    -चमूः f. a large army.
    -छायः the fig-tree.
    -जङ्घः a camel.
    -जटः an epithet of Śiva.
    -जटा 1 a great braid of hair.
    -2 the matted hair of Śiva.
    -जत्रु a. having a great collar-bone. (
    -त्रुः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -जनः 1 a multitude of men, a great many beings, the general populace or public; महाजनो येन गतः स पन्थाः Mb.3.313. 117; आगम्य तु ततो राजा विसृज्य च महाजनम् 6.98.25.
    -2 the populace, mob; विलोक्य वृद्धोक्षमधिष्ठितं त्वया महाजनः स्मेरमुखो भविष्यति Ku.5.7.
    -3 a great man, a distinguished or eminent man; महाजनस्य संसर्गः कस्य नोन्नतिकारकः । पद्मपत्रस्थितं तोयं धत्ते मुक्ताफलश्रियम् Pt.3.6.
    -4 the chief of a caste or trade.
    -5 a merchant, tradesman.
    -जवः an antelope.
    -जातीय a.
    1 rather large.
    -2 of an excellent kind.
    -जालिः, -ली N. of a plant (Mar. सोनामुखी)
    -जिह्वः an epithet of Śiva.
    -ज्ञानिन् m.
    1 a very learned man.
    -2 a great sage.
    -3 N. of Śiva.
    -ज्यैष्ठी the day of fullmoon in the month of Jyeṣṭha; ताभिर्दृश्यत एष यान् पथि महाज्यैष्ठीमहे मन्महे N.15.89; पूर्णिमा रविवारेण महाज्यैष्ठी प्रकीर्तिता Agni P.121.63.
    -ज्योतिस् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -ज्वरः great affliction.
    -ज्वाल a. very brilliant or shining.
    (-लः) 1 N. of Śiva.
    -2 a sacrificial fire.
    -डीनम् a kind of flight; 'यानं महाडीनमाहुः पवित्रामूर्जितां गतिम्' Mb.8.41.27 (com.).
    -तपस् m.
    1 a great ascetic.
    -2 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -तलम् N. of one of the seven lower regions; see पाताल.
    -तारा N. of a Buddhist goddess.
    -तिक्तः the Nimba tree.
    -तिथिः the 6th day of a lunation.
    -तीक्ष्ण a. exceedingly sharp or pungent. (
    -क्ष्णा) the marking- nut plant.
    -तेजस् a.
    1 possessed of great lustre or splendour.
    -2 very vigorous or powerful, heroic. (-m.)
    1 a hero, warrior.
    -2 fire.
    -3 an epithet of Kārtikeya. (-n.) quick-silver.
    -त्याग, -त्यागिन् a. very generous. (-m.) N. of Śiva.
    -दंष्ट्रः a species of big tiger.
    -दन्तः 1 an elephant with large tusks.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -दण्डः 1 a long arm.
    -2 a severe punishment.
    -दम्भः an epithet of Śiva.
    -दशा the influence exercised (over a man's destiny) by a predominant planet.
    -दानम् the gift of gold equal to one's own weight; अथातः संप्रवक्ष्यामि महादानस्य लक्षणम्.
    -दारु n. the devadāru tree.
    -दुर्गम् a great calamity; Pt.
    -दूषकः a kind of grain.
    -देवः N. of Śiva.
    (-वी) 1 N. of Pārvatī.
    -2 the chief queen.
    -द्रुमः the sacred fig-tree.
    -द्वारम् a large gate, the chief or outer gate of a temple.
    -धन a.
    1 rich.
    -2 expensive, costly; हेमदण्डैर्महाधनैः Rām.7. 77.13.
    (-नम्) 1 gold.
    -2 incense.
    -3 a costly or rich dress.
    -4 agriculture, husbandry.
    -5 anything costly or precious.
    -6 great booty.
    -7 a great battle (Ved.).
    -धनुस् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -धातुः 1 gold.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -3 lymph.
    -4 N. of Meru.
    -धी a. having a great understanding.
    -धुर्यः a full-grown draught ox.
    -ध्वजः a camel.
    -ध्वनिक a. dead.
    -नग्नः an athlete; Buddh.
    -नटः an epithet of Śiva; महानटः किं नु...... तनोति...... साम्प्रतमङ्गहारम् N.22.7; महानटबाहुनेव बद्धभुजाङ्केन Vās.
    -नदः a great river.
    -नदी 1 a great river, such as Gaṅgā, Kṛiṣṇā; मन्दरः पर्वतश्चाक्षो जङ्घा तस्य महानदी Mb.8.34.2; संभूयाम्भोधिमभ्येति महानद्या नगापगा Śi.2.1.
    -2 N. of a river falling into the bay of Bengal.
    -नन्दा 1 spirituous liquor.
    -2 N. of a river.
    -3 ninth day of the bright half of the month of Māgha; माघमासस्य या शुक्ला नवमी लोकपूजिचा । महानन्देति सा प्रोक्ता....
    -नरकः N. of one of the 21 hells.
    -नलः a kind of reed.
    -नवमी the ninth day in the bright half of Āśvina, sacred to the worship of Durgā ततो$नु नवमी यस्मात् सा महानवमी स्मृता.
    -नाटकम् 'the great drama', N. of a drama, also called Hanumannāṭaka, (being popularly ascribed to Hanumat); thus defined by S. D.:-- एतदेव यदा सर्वैः पताकास्थानकैर्युतम् । अङ्कैश्च दशभिर्धीरा महानाटकमूचिरे ॥
    -नाडी sinew, tendon.
    -नादः 1 a loud sound, uproar.
    -2 a great drum.
    -3 a thunder-cloud.
    -4 a shell.
    -5 an elephant.
    -6 a lion.
    -7 the ear.
    -8 a camel.
    -9 an epithet of Śiva. (
    -दम्) a musical instrument.
    -नाम्नी 1 N. of a परिशिष्ट of Sāmaveda.
    -2 (pl.) N. of 9 verses of Sāmaveda beginning with विदा मघवन् विदा.
    -नायकः 1 a great gem in the centre of a string of pearls.
    -2 a great head or chief.
    -नासः an epithet of Śiva.
    -निद्र a. fast asleep. (
    -द्रा) 'the great sleep', death.
    -निम्नम् intestines, abdomen.
    -नियमः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -निर्वाणम् total extinction of individuality (according to the Buddhists).
    -निशा 1 the dead of night, the second and third watches of the night; महानिशा तु विज्ञेया मध्यमं प्रहरद्वयम्
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -नीचः a washerman.
    -नील a. dark-blue. (
    -लः) a kind of sapphire or emerald; इन्द्रनीलमहानीलमणिप्रवरवेदिकम् Rām.5.9.16; महा- महानीलशिलारुचः Śi.1.16;4.44; R.18.42; Kau. A.2.11. 29. ˚उपलः a sapphire.
    -नृत्यः, -नेत्रः an epithet of Śiva.
    -नेमिः a crow.
    -न्यायः the chief rule.
    -पक्ष a.
    1 having many adherents.
    -2 having a large family or retinue; महापक्षे धनिन्यार्थे निक्षेपं निक्षिपेद् बुधः Ms.8.179.
    (-क्षः) 1 an epithet of Garuḍa.
    -2 a kind of duck. (
    -क्षी) an owl.
    -पङ्क्तिः, -पदपङ्क्तिः a kind of metre.
    -पञ्चमूलम् the five great roots:-- बिल्वो$ग्निमन्थः श्योनाकः काश्मरी पाटला तथा । सर्वैस्तु मिलितैरेतैः स्यान्महापञ्चमूलकम् ॥
    -पञ्चविषम् the five great or deadly poisons:-- शृङ्गी च कालकूटश्च मुस्तको वत्सनाभकः । शङ्खकर्णीति योगो$यं महापञ्चविषाभिधः ॥
    -पटः the skin.
    -पथः 1 chief road, principal street, high or main road; संतानकाकीर्णमहापथं तत् Ku.7.3.
    -2 the passage into the next world, i. e. death.
    -3 N. of certain mountain-tops from which devout persons used to throw themselves down to secure entrance into heaven.
    -4 an epithet of Śiva.
    -5 the long pilgrimage to mount Ke- dāra.
    -6 the way to heaven.
    -7 the knowledge of the essence of Śiva acquired in the pilgrimage to Kedāra.
    -पथिक a.
    1 undertaking great journeys.
    -2 one receiving Śulka (toll) on the high way; cf. Mb.12.76.6 (com. महापथिकः समुद्रे नौयानेन गच्छन् यद्वा महापथि शुल्कग्राहकः)
    -पद्मः 1 a particular high number.
    -2 N. of Nārada.
    -3 N. of one of the nine treasures of Kubera.
    -4 N. of the southernmost elephant supporting the world.
    -5 an epithet of Nanda.
    -6 a Kinnara attendant on Kubera.
    (-द्मम्) 1 a white lotus.
    -2 N. of a city. ˚पतिः N. of Nanda.
    -पराकः a. a particular penance; Hch.
    -पराङ्णः a late hour in the afternoon.
    -पवित्रः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -पशुः large cattle; महापशूनां हरणे... दण्डं प्रकल्पयेत् Ms.8.324.
    -पातः a long flight; Pt.2.58.
    -पातकम् 1 a great sin, a heinous crime; ब्रह्महत्या सुरापानं स्तेयं गुर्वङ्गनागमः । महान्ति पातकान्याहुस्तत्संसर्गश्च पञ्चमम् ॥ Ms.1154.
    -2 any great sin or transgression.
    -पात्रः a prime minister.
    -पादः an epithet of Śiva.
    -पाप्मन् a. very sinful or wicked.
    -पुराणम् N. of a Purāṇa; महापुराणं विज्ञेयमेकादशकलक्षणम् Brav. P.
    -पुंसः a great man.
    -पुरुषः 1 a great man, an eminent or distinguished personage; शब्दं महापुरुषसंविहितं निशम्य U. 6.7.
    -2 the Supreme Spirit.
    -3 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -पौरुषिकः a worshipper of Viṣṇu; तदहं ते$भिधास्यामि महापौरुषिको भवान् Bhāg.2.1.1.
    -पुष्पः a kind of worm.
    -पूजा great worship; any solemn worship performed on extraordinary occasions.
    -पृष्ठः a camel.
    -पोटगलः a kind of large reed.
    -प्रजापतिः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -प्रतीहारः a chief door-keeper.
    -प्रपञ्चः the great universe.
    -प्रभ a. of great lustre. (
    -भः) the light of a lamp.
    -प्रभुः 1 a great lord.
    -2 a king, sovereign.
    -3 a chief.
    -4 an epithet of Indra.
    -5 of Śiva
    -6 of Viṣṇu.
    -7 a great saint or holy man.
    -प्रलयः 'the great dissolution', the total annihilation of the universe at the end of the life of Brahman, when all the lokas with their inha- bitants, the gods, saints &c. including Brahman himself are annihilated; महाप्रलयमारुत...... Ve.3.4.
    -प्रश्नः a knotty question.
    -प्रसादः 1 a great favour.
    -2 a great present (of food offered to an idol); पादोदकं च निर्माल्यं नैवेद्यं च विशेषतः । महाप्रसाद इत्युक्त्वा ग्राह्यं विष्णोः प्रयत्नतः
    -प्रस्थानम् 1 departing this life, death.
    -2 setting out on a great journey for ending life; इहैव निधनं याम महाप्रस्थानमेव वा Rām.2.47.7 (com. महाप्रस्थानं मरणदीक्षा- पूर्वकमुत्तराभिमुखगमनम्); Mb.1.2.365.
    -प्राणः 1 the hard breathing or aspirate sound made in the pronunciation of the aspirates.
    -2 the aspirated letters themselves (pl.); they are:-- ख्, घ्, छ्, झ्, ठ्, ढ्, थ्, ध्, फ्, भ्, श्, ष्, स्, ह्.
    -3 a raven.
    -प्राणता possession of great strength or essence; अन्यांश्च जीवत एव महाप्राणतया स्फुरतो जग्राह K.
    -प्रेतः a noble departed spirit.
    -प्लवः a great flood, deluge;... क्षिप्तसागरमहाप्लवामयम् Śi.14.71.
    -फल a.
    1 bearing much fruit.
    -2 bringing much reward.
    (-ला) 1 a bitter gourd.
    -2 a kind of spear.
    (-लम्) 1 a great fruit or reward.
    -2 a testicle.
    -फेना the cuttle-fish bone.
    -बन्धः a peculiar position of hands or feet.
    -बभ्रुः a kind of animal living in holes.
    -बल a. very strong; नियुज्यमानो राज्याय नैच्छद्राज्यं महाबलः Rām
    (-लः) 1 wind, storm.
    -2 a Buddha.
    -3 a solid bamboo.
    -4 a palm.
    -5 a crocodile.
    -बला N. of a plant; महाबला च पीतपुष्पा सहदेवी च सा स्मृता Bhāva. P. (
    -लम्) lead. ˚ईश्वरः N. of a Liṅga of Śiva near the modern Mahābaleśwara.
    -बाध a. causing great pain or damage.
    -बाहु a. long-armed, powerful. (
    -हुः) an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -बि(वि)लम् 1 the atmosphere.
    -2 the heart.
    -3 a water-jar, pitcher.
    -4 a hole, cave.
    -बिसी a variety of skin (चर्म), a product of द्वादशग्राम in the Himālayas.
    -बी(वी)जः an epithet of Śiva.
    -बी (वी)ज्यम् the perinæum.
    -बुध्न a. having a great bottom or base (as a mountain).
    -बुशः barley.
    -बृहती a kind of metre.
    -बोधिः 1 the great intelligence of a Buddha.
    -2 a Buddha.
    -ब्रह्मम्, -ब्रह्मन् n. the Supreme Spirit.
    -ब्राह्मणः 1 a great or learned Brāhmaṇa.
    -2 a low or contemptible Brāhmaṇa.
    -भटः a great warrior; तदोजसा दैत्यमहाभटार्पितम् Bhāg.
    -भद्रा N. of the river Gaṅgā.
    -भाग a.
    1 very fortunate or blessed, very lucky or prosperous.
    -2 illustrious, distinguished, glo- rious; उभौ धर्मौ महाभागौ Mb.12.268.3; महाभागः कामं नरपतिरभिन्नस्थितिरसौ Ś.5.1; Ms.3.192.
    -3 very pure or holy, highly virtuous; पतिव्रता महाभागा कथं नु विचरिष्यति Mb.4.3.16.
    -भागता, -त्वम्, -भाग्यम् 1 extreme good fortune, great good luck, prosperity.
    -2 great excel- lence or merit.
    -भागवतम् the great Bhāgavata, one of the 18 Purāṇas. (
    -तः) a great worshipper of Viṣṇu.
    -भागिन् a. very fortunate or prosperous.
    -भाण्डम् a chief treasury.
    -भारतम् N. of the celebrated epic which describes the rivalries and contests of the sons of Dhṛitarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu. (It consists of 18 Parvans or books, and is said to be the composition of Vyāsa; cf. the word भारत also); महत्त्वाद्भारतत्वाच्च महाभारतमुच्यते
    -भाष्यम् 1 a great commentary.
    -2 particularly, the great commentary of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini.
    -भासुरः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -भिक्षुः N. of Śākyamuni.
    -भीता a kind of sensitive plant (लाजाळू).
    -भीमः an epithet of king Śantanu.
    -भीरुः a sort of beetle or fly.
    -भुज a. long-armed, powerful.
    -भूतम् a great or primary element; see भूत; तस्यैतस्य महाभूतस्य निःश्वसितमेतद्यदृग्वेदः Up.; तं वेधा विदधे नूनं महाभूतसमाधिना R.1. 29; Ms.1.6.
    (-तः) 1 the Supreme Being.
    -2 a great creature.
    -भोगः 1 a great enjoyment.
    -2 a great coil or hood; great winding.
    -3 a serpent. (
    -गा) an epi- thet of Durgā.
    -मणिः 1 a costly or precious jewel; संस्कारोल्लिखितो महामणिरिव क्षीणो$पि नालक्ष्यते Ś.6.5.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -मति a.
    1 high-minded.
    -2 clever. (
    -तिः) N. of Bṛihaspati or Jupiter.
    -मत्स्यः a large fish, sea-monster.
    -मद a. greatly intoxicated. (
    -दः) an elephant in rut.
    -मनस्, -मनस्क a.
    1 high-minded, noble- minded, magnanimous; ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा धर्मपुत्रो महामनाः Mb.4.1.7.
    -2 liberal.
    -3 proud, haughty. (-m) a fabulous animal called शरभ q. v.
    -मन्त्रः 1 any sacred text of the Vedas.
    -2 a great or efficacious charm, a powerful spell.
    -मन्त्रिन् m. the prime-minister, premier.
    -मयूरी N. of Buddhist goddess.
    -मलहारी a kind of Rāgiṇi.
    -महः a great festive procession; Sinhās.
    -महस् n. a great light (seen in the sky).
    -महोपाध्यायः 1 a very great preceptor.
    -2 a title given to learned men and reputed scholars; e. g. महामहो- पाध्यायमल्लिनाथसूरि &c.
    -मांसम् 'costly flesh', especially human flesh; न खलु महामांसविक्रयादन्यमुपायं पश्यामि Māl.4; अशस्त्रपूतं निर्व्याजं पुरुषाङ्गोपकल्पितम् । विक्रीयते महामांसं गृह्यतां गृह्यतामिदम् 5.12 (see Jagaddhara ad loc.).
    -माघी the full-moon day in the month of Māgha.
    -मात्र a.
    1 great in measure, very great or large.
    -2 most excellent, best; वृष्ण्यन्धकमहामात्रैः सह Mb.1.221.27; 5.22.37.
    (-त्रः) 1 a great officer of state, high state- official, a chief minister; (मन्त्रे कर्मणि भूषायां वित्ते माने परिच्छदे । मात्रा च महती येषां महामात्रास्तु ते स्मृताः); Ms. 9.259; गूढपुरुषप्रणिधिः कृतमहामात्रापसर्पः (v. l. महामात्यापसर्पः) पौरजानपदानपसर्पयेत् Kau. A.1.13.9; Rām.2.37.1.
    -2 an elephant-driver or keeper; मदोन्मत्तस्य भूपस्य कुञ्जरस्य च गच्छतः । उन्मार्गं वाच्यतां यान्ति महामात्राः समीपगाः ॥ Pt.1.161.
    -3 a superintendent of elephants.
    (-त्री) 1 the wife of a chief minister.
    -2 the wife of a spiritual teacher.
    -मानसी N. of a Jain goddess.
    -मान्य a. being in great honour with; मकरन्दतुन्दिलानामरविन्दानामयं महामान्यः Bv.1.6.
    -मायः 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 of Viṣṇu.
    -माया 1 worldly illusion, which makes the material world appear really existent.
    -2 N. of Durgā; महामाया हरेश्चैषा यया संमोह्यते जगत् Devīmāhātmya.
    -मायूरम् a particular drug. (
    -री) N. of an amulet and a goddess; Buddh.
    -मारी 1 cholera, an epidemic.
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -मार्गः high road, main street. ˚पतिः a superintendent of roads.
    -मालः N. of Śiva.
    -माहेश्वरः a great worshipper of Maheśvara or Śiva.
    -मुखः a crocodile.
    -मुद्रा a parti- cular position of hands or feet (in practice of yoga).
    -मुनिः 1 a great sage.
    -2 N. of Vyāsa.
    -3 an epithet of Buddha.
    -4 of Agastya.
    -5 the coriander plant. (
    -नि n.)
    1 coriander seed.
    -2 any medicinal herb or drug.
    -मूर्तिः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -मूर्धन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -मूलम् a large radish. (
    -लः) a kind of onion.
    -मूल्य a. very costly. (
    -ल्यः) a ruby.
    -मृगः 1 any large animal.
    -2 an elephant,
    -3 the fabulous animal called शरभ.
    -मृत्युः, -मेधः N. of Śiva.
    -मृत्युंजयः a kind of drug.
    -मृधम् a great battle.
    -मेदः the coral tree; महामेदाभिधो ज्ञेयः Bhāva. P.
    -मेधा an epithet of Durgā.
    -मोहः great infatuation or confusion of mind. (ससर्ज) महामोहं च मोहं च तमश्चाज्ञानवृत्तयः Bhāg.3.12.2. (
    -हा) an epithet of Durgā.
    -यज्ञः 'a great sacrifice', a term applied to the five daily sacrifices or acts of piety to be performed by a house-holder; अध्यापनं ब्रह्मयज्ञः पितृयज्ञस्तु तर्पणम् । होमो दैवो (or देवयज्ञः) बलिर्भौतो (or भूतयज्ञः) नृयज्ञो$तिथिपूजनम् ॥ Ms.3.7,71, (for explanation, see the words s. v.).
    -2 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -यमकम् 'a great Yamaka', i. e. a stanza all the four lines of which have exactly the same words, though different in sense; e. g. see Ki.15.52, where विकाशमीयुर्जगतीशमार्गणाः has four different senses; cf. also बभौ मरुत्वान् विकृतः समुद्रः Bk.1.19.
    -यशस् a. very famous, renowned, celebrated.
    -यात्रा 'the great pilgrimage', the pilgrimage to Benares.
    -यानम् N. of the later system of Buddhist teaching, firstly promul- gated by Nāgārjuna (opp. हीनयान).
    -याम्यः an epi- thet of Viṣṇu.
    -युगम् 'a great Yuga', consisting of the four Yugas of mortals, or comprising 4,32, years of men.
    -योगिन् m.
    1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 of Viṣṇu.
    -3 a cock.
    -योनिः f. excessive dilation of the female organ.
    -रक्तम् coral.
    -रङ्गः a large stage.
    -रजतम् 1 gold; उच्चैर्महारजतराजिविराजितासौ Śi.4.28.
    -2 the thorn-apple.
    -रजनम् 1 safflower.
    -2 gold.
    -3 turmeric; तस्य हैतस्य पुरुषस्य रूपं यथा महारजनं वासः Bṛi. Up.2.3.6.
    -रत्नम् 1 a precious jewel; वज्रं मुक्ता प्रवालं च गोमेदश्चेन्द्रनीलकः ॥ वैडूर्यः पुष्करागश्च पाचिर्माणिक्यमेव च । महारत्नानि चैतानि नव प्रोक्तानि सूरिभिः ॥ Śukra.4.155-56.
    -रथः 1 a great chariot.
    -2 a great warrior or hero; द्रुपदश्च महारथः Bg.1.4; कुतः प्रभावो धनंजयस्य महारथजयद्रथस्य विपत्तिमुत्पादयितुम् Ve.2; दशरथः प्रशशास महारथः R.9.1; Śi.3.22; (a महारथ is thus defined:-- एको दशसहस्राणि योधयेद्यस्तु धन्विनाम् ॥ शस्त्रशास्त्र- प्रवीणश्च विज्ञेयः स महारथः ॥).
    -3 desire, longing; cf. मनोरथ.
    -रवः a frog.
    -रस a. very savoury.
    (-सः) 1 a sugar- cane.
    -2 quicksilver.
    -3 a precious mineral.
    -4 the fruit of the date tree.
    -5 any one of the eight substan- ces given below:-- दरदः पारदं शस्ये वैक्रान्तं कान्तमभ्रकम् । माक्षिकं विमलश्चेति स्युरेते$ष्टौ महारसाः ॥ (
    -सम्) sour ricewater.
    -राजः 1 a great king, sovereign or supreme ruler; पञ्चाशल्लक्षपर्यन्तो महाराजः प्रकीर्तितः Śukra.1.184.
    -2 a respect- ful mode of addressing kings or other great personages (my lord, your majesty, your highness); इति सत्यं महाराज बद्धो$स्म्यर्थेन कौरवैः Mb.
    -3 a deified Jaina teacher.
    -4 a fingernail. ˚अधिराजः a universal emperor, para- mount sovereign. ˚चूतः a kind of mango tree.
    -राजिकः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -राजिकाः (m. pl.) an epithet of a class of gods (said to be 22 or 236 in number.).
    -राज्यम् the rank or title of a reigning sovereign.
    -राज्ञी 1 the reigning or chief queen, principal wife of a king.
    -2 N. of Durgā.
    -रात्रम् midnight, dead of night.
    -रात्रिः, -त्री f.
    1 see महाप्रलय; ब्रह्मणश्च निपाते च महाकल्पो भवेन्नृप । प्रकीर्तिता महारात्रिः.
    -2 midnight.
    -3 the eighth night in the bright half of Āśvina.
    -राष्ट्रः 'the great kingdom', N. of a country in the west of India, the country of the Marāṭhās.
    -2 the people of Mahārāṣṭra; the Marāṭhās (pl.). (
    -ष्ट्री) N. of the principal Prākṛita; dialect, the language of the people of the Mahārāṣṭra; cf. Daṇḍin:-- महाराष्ट्राश्रयां भाषां प्रकृष्टं प्राकृतं विदुः Kāv.1.34.
    -रिष्टः a kind of Nimba tree growing on mountains.
    -रुज्, -ज a. very painful.
    -रुद्रः a form of Śiva.
    -रुरुः a species of antelope.
    -रूप a. mighty in form.
    (-पः) 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 resin.
    -रूपकम् a kind of drama.
    -रेतस् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -रोगः a dangerous illness, grievous malady; (these are eight:-- उन्मादो राजयक्ष्मा च श्वासस्त्वग्दोष एव च । मधुमेहश्चाश्मरी च तथो- दरभगन्दरौ ॥).
    -रौद्र a. very dreadful. (
    -द्री) an epithet of Durgā.
    -रौरवः N. of one of the 21 hells; Ms.4.88-9.
    -लक्ष्मी 1 the great Lakṣmī, or Śakti of Nārāyaṇa; सेवे सैरिभमर्दिनीमिह महालक्ष्मीं सरोजस्थिताम्.
    -2 a young girl who represents the goddess Durgā at the Durgā festival.
    -लयः 1 a great world destruction.
    -2 the Supreme Being (महदादीनां लयो यस्मिन्).
    -लिङ्गम् the great Liṅga or Phallus. (
    -ङ्गः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -लोलः a crow.
    -लोहम् a magnet.
    -वंशः N. of a wellknown work in Pali (of the 5th century).
    -वक्षस् m. epithet of Śiva.
    -वनम् a large forest in Vṛindāvana.
    -वरा Dūrvā grass.
    -वराहः 'the great boar', an epithet of Viṣṇu in his third or boar incarnation.
    -वर्तनम् high wages;
    -वल्ली 1 the Mādhavī creeper.
    -2 a large creeping plant.
    -वसः the porpoise.
    -वसुः silver; Gīrvāṇa.
    -वाक्यम् 1 a long sentence.
    -2 any continuous composition or literary work.
    -3 a great proposition, principal sentence; such as तत्त्वमसि, ब्रह्मैवेदं सर्वम् &c.
    -4 a complete sentence (opp. अवान्तरवाक्य q. v.); न च महावाक्ये सति अवान्तरवाक्यं प्रमाणं भवति ŚB. on MS.6.4.25.
    -वातः a stormy wind, violent wind; महावाता<?>तैर्महिषकुलनीलैर्जलधरैः Mk.5.22.
    -वादिन् m. a great or powerful disputant.
    -वायुः 1 air (as an element).
    -2 stormy wind, hur- ricane, tempest.
    -वार्तिकम् N. of the Vārtikas of Kātyāyana on Pāṇini's Sūtras.
    -विडम् a kind of factitious salt.
    -विदेहा N. of a certain वृत्ति or condition of the mind in the Yoga system of philosophy.
    -विद्या the great lores; काली तारा महाविद्या षोडशी भुवनेश्वरी । भैरवी छिन्नमस्ता च विद्या धूमवती तथा । बगला सिद्धविद्या च मातङ्गी कमला- त्मिका । एता दश महाविद्याः... ॥
    -विपुला a kind of metre.
    -विभाषा a rule giving a general option or alternative; इति महाविभाषया साधुः.
    -विभूतिः an epithet of Śiva.
    -विषः a serpent having two mouths.
    -विषुवम् the vernal equinox. ˚संक्रान्तिः f. the vernal equinox (the sun's entering the sign Aries).
    -विस्तर a. very extensive or copious.
    -वीचिः N. of a hell.
    -वीरः 1 a great hero or warrior.
    -2 a lion.
    -3 the thunderbolt of Indra.
    -4 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -5 of Garuḍa.
    -6 of Hanumat.
    -7 a cuckoo.
    -8 a white horse.
    -9 a sacrificial fire.
    -1 a sacrificial vessel.
    -11 a kind of hawk. ˚चरितम् N. of a celebrated drama by Bhavabhūti.
    -वीर्य a. of great valour, very powerful.
    (-र्यः) 1 N. of Brah- man.
    -2 the Supreme Being. (
    -र्या) the wild cotton shrub.
    -2 an epithet of संज्ञा, the wife of the sun.
    -वृषः a great bull.
    -वेग a.
    1 very swift or fleet.
    (-गः) 1 great speed, excessive velocity.
    -2 an ape.
    -3 the bird Garuḍa.
    -वेघः a particular position of hands or feet (in the practice of Yoga).
    -वेल a. billowy.
    -व्याधिः f.
    1 a great disease.
    -2 a very bad kind of leprosy (black leprosy).
    -व्याहृतिः f. a great mystical word, i. e. भूर्, भुवस् and स्वर्.
    -व्रत a. very devotional, rigidly observing vows.
    (-तम्) 1 a great vow, a great reli- gious observance; a vow for not taking even water for a month; महाव्रतं चरेद्यस्तु Mb.12.35.22 (com. महाव्रतं मासमात्रं जलस्यापि त्यागः).
    -2 any great or funda- mental duty; प्राणैरपि हिता वृत्तिरद्रोहो व्याजवर्जनम् । आत्मनीव प्रियाधानमेतन्मैत्रीमहाव्रतम् Mv.5.59; क्रतौ महाव्रते पश्यन् ब्रह्मचारी- त्वरीरतम् N.17.23.
    -व्रतिन् m.
    1 a devotee, an ascetic.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -शक्तिः 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 of Kārtikeya.
    -शङ्कुः the sine of the sun's eleva- tion.
    -शङ्खः 1 a great conch-shell; पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं Bg.1.15; महाशङ्खमयी माला ताराविद्याजपे प्रिया Tantra.
    -2 the temporal bone, forehead.
    -3 a human bone.
    -4 a particular high number.
    -5 one of Kubera's treasures.
    -शठः a kind of thorn-apple.
    -शब्द a. making a loud sound, very noisy, boisterous.
    -शल्कः a kind of sea- crab or prawn; Ms.3.272.
    -शालः a great householder.
    -शालिः a kind of large and sweetsmelling rice.
    -शाल्वणम् ('great fomentation') N. of a remedy; Suśr.
    -शासन a.
    1 exercising great power.
    -2 whose commands are great; त्रैलोक्यघिपतित्वमेव विरसं यस्मिन् महा- शासने Bh.3.8.
    (-नम्) 1 the knowledge of Brahma as expounded in the Upaniṣadas.
    -2 great order of government.
    -शिरस् m. a kind of serpent.
    -शिवरात्रिः N. of a festival on the 14th day of the dark half of Māgha,
    -शुक्तिः f. a pearl-shell.
    -शुक्ला an epithet of Sarasvatī.
    -शुभ्रम् silver.
    -शूद्रः (-द्री f.)
    1 a Sūdra in a high position.
    -2 a cowherd.
    -3 an upper servant. (
    -द्री) a female cow-keeper. (
    -द्रा) a Śudra woman in a high position.
    -शून्यम् a particular mental condi- tion of a Yogin.
    -शृङ्गः 1 a species of stag.
    -2 the शरभ animal.
    -श्मशानम् an epithet of Benares.
    -श्यामा the Sissoo tree. (Mar. शिसवी).
    -श्रमणः 1 an epithet of Buddha.
    -2 a Jain monk.
    -श्लक्ष्णा sand.
    -श्वासः a kind of asthma.
    -श्वेता 1 an epithet of Sarasvatī.
    -2 of Durgā.
    -3 white sugar.
    -संहिता great combi- nation.
    -संक्रान्तिः f. the winter solstice.
    -सती a very chaste woman.
    -सत्ता absolute existence.
    -सत्यः an epithet of Yama.
    -सत्त्व a.
    1 noble.
    -2 very strong or powerful.
    -3 just, righteous.
    (-त्त्वः) 1 a large animal.
    -2 N. of Sākyamuni.
    -3 an epithet of Kubera.
    -संधिविग्रहः the office of the minister of peace and war.
    -सन्नः an epithet of Kubera.
    -सन्निः m. (in music) a kind of measure.
    -समुद्रः the great ocean.
    -सर्गः a great or completely new creation (after a complete destruction of the world).
    -सर्जः the bread- fruit or jack-tree.
    -साधनभागः a great executive officer.
    -सांतपनः a kind of very rigid penance; see Ms.11. 218.
    -सांधिविग्रहिकः a minister of peace and war.
    -सामन्तः a great vassal.
    -सामान्यम् the widest genera- lity.
    -सारः a kind of Khadira tree.
    -सारथिः an epithet of Aruṇa.
    -साहसम् great violence or outrage, great audacity.
    -साहसिकः a dacoit, highwayman, a daring robber.
    -सिंहः the fabulous animal called Śarabha.
    -सिद्धिः f. a kind of magical power.
    -सुखम् 1 great pleasure.
    -2 copulation. (
    -खः) a Buddha.
    -सुगन्धम् a fragrant unguent.
    -सुगन्धिः a kind of antidote.
    -सुधा silver; Gīrvāṇa.
    -सुभिक्षम् good times.
    -सूक्तः the composer of the great Sūktas or hymns of the 1th Maṇḍala of the Ṛigveda.
    -सूक्ष्मा sand.
    -सूतः a mili- tary drum.
    -सेनः 1 an epithet of Kārtikeya; महासेन- प्रसूतिं तद्ययौ शरवणं महत् Rām.7.16.1.
    -2 the commander of a large army. (
    -ना) a great army.
    -स्कन्धः a camel.
    -स्थली the earth.
    -स्थानम् a great position.
    -स्नेहः a combination of the 4 kinds of fat.
    -स्मृतिः the Ṣaḍaṅgas and Smṛitis; महास्मृतिं पठेद्यस्तु तथैवानुस्मृतिं शुभाम् Mb.12.2.3.
    -स्रोतस् n. the bowels.
    -स्रग्विन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -स्वनः a kind of drum.
    -हंसः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -हविस् n. clarified butter.
    -हस्तः an epithet of Śiva.
    -हासः a loud or boisterous laughter, cachinnation.
    -हिमवत् m. N. of a mountain.
    -ह्रस्वा N. of a plant (Mar. कुहिली).

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > महा _mahā

  • 24 natura

    f nature
    contro natura unnatural
    essere paziente per natura be patient by nature, be naturally patient
    secondo natura in harmony with nature
    * * *
    natura s.f.
    1 nature: natura selvaggia, wild nature; i fenomeni della natura, natural phenomena; le bellezze della natura, the beauties of nature; legge di natura, law of nature; vivere a contatto della natura, to live close to nature; rispettare la natura, to respect nature // (pitt.) natura morta, still life // allo stato di natura, in the natural state // contro natura, against nature (o unnatural) // vivere secondo natura, to live according to nature // madre natura, mother nature // scambio in natura, barter; compenso in natura, remuneration in kind; pagare in natura, to pay in kind (o to truck)
    2 ( essenza, l'essere) nature, essence: la natura di Dio, the nature of God; la natura umana, human nature
    3 ( genere, caratteristica) nature, type, kind: oggetti della medesima natura, objects of the same nature (o kind); un problema di natura economica, sociale, an economic, social problem (o form. a problem of economic, a social nature); una questione di natura privata, a private matter (o form. a question of a private nature)
    4 ( carattere, indole) nature, character: contrario alla mia natura, contrary to my nature; è nella sua natura agire così, it's part of his character to behave like that (o he is the sort of person who behaves like that); vincere la propria natura, to overcome one's nature; è una natura irrequieta, he has a restless nature // nella natura delle cose, in the nature of things // di, per natura, by nature: egli è buono di natura, he is good-natured; allegro di natura, naturally cheerful.
    * * *
    [na'tura]
    sostantivo femminile
    2) (ambiente) nature, environment
    3) (indole) nature, character

    non posso farci nulla, è la mia natura — I can't do anything about it, it's just the way I am

    4) (tipo, genere) nature, kind
    •

    natura morta — art. still life

    ••

    in natura — [ pagare] in kind

    * * *
    natura
    /na'tura/
    sostantivo f.
     1 (forza che muove l'universo) nature; le leggi della natura the laws of nature; contro natura against nature
     2 (ambiente) nature, environment; vivere a contatto con la natura to live close to nature; tutela della natura nature conservancy
     3 (indole) nature, character; natura umana human nature; non è nella sua natura essere aggressiva it's not in her nature to be aggressive; non posso farci nulla, è la mia natura I can't do anything about it, it's just the way I am; è allegro di natura he has a cheerful disposition
     4 (tipo, genere) nature, kind; qual è la natura del problema? what is the nature of the problem?
    in natura [ pagare] in kind; scherzo di o della natura freak of nature
    \
    natura morta art. still life.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > natura

  • 25 род

    1. quality
    2. stem
    3. lying-in
    4. nature
    5. stock
    6. type
    7. species
    8. accouchement
    9. gender
    10. ilk
    11. labor
    12. parturition
    13. genus; race; generation; kind; way; gender; birth; class

    часто род человеческий, человечество — the genus Homo

    14. childbirth; birth
    15. confinement
    16. delivery
    17. kind
    18. race

    человечество, род человеческий — the human race

    19. rod
    20. sort

    что-то вроде; своего рода — a sort of

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > род

  • 26 espèce

    espèce [εspεs]
    1. feminine noun
       a. [d'animal, plante] species
       b. ( = sorte) kind
    • une or un espèce d'excentrique est venu (inf) some eccentric turned up
    • espèce de maladroit ! you clumsy oaf! (inf)
    2. plural feminine noun
    espèces ( = argent) cash
    * * *
    ɛspɛs
    1.
    1) ( en biologie) species
    2) ( type) kind

    de la pire or de la plus belle espèce — of the worst sort


    2.
    espèces nom féminin pluriel

    en espèces — [payer, règlement] in cash

    * * *
    ɛspɛs
    1. nf
    1) BIOLOGIE, BOTANIQUE, ZOOLOGIE species inv
    2) (généralement) (= sorte) sort, kind

    une espèce de — a sort of, a kind of

    Elle portait une espèce de cape en velours. — She was wearing a sort of velvet cloak., She was wearing a kind of velvet cloak., (avec nuance péjorative) She was wearing some kind of velvet cloak., She was wearing some sort of velvet cloak.

    de toute espèce — of all kinds, of all sorts

    2. espèces nfpl
    1) COMMERCE cash sg

    payer en espèces — to pay cash, to pay in cash

    2) RELIGION species
    * * *
    A nf
    1 Biol species; une espèce rare a rare species; espèces animales/végétales animal/plant species; l'espèce humaine mankind;
    2 ( type) kind, sort; des espèces de kinds of, sorts of; de toute espèce of every kind; un menteur de la pire or de la plus belle espèce a liar of the worst sort; les individus de ton espèce people of your sort; en l'espèce fml in this instance;
    3 ( dans description approximative) sort, kind; il y avait des espèces de colonnes dans l'entrée there were some kind ou sort of columns in the entrance; une espèce de tasse a sort of cup; cela n'a aucune espèce d'intérêt/d'importance that is of absolutely no interest/importance; espèce d'idiot/d'imbécile! you idiot/fool!; cette espèce d'idiot n'a même pas… that stupid idiot didn't even…
    B espèces nfpl
    1 Fin en espèces [payer, règlements] in cash; ⇒ sonnant;
    [ɛspɛs] nom féminin
    1. SCIENCES species (singulier)
    l'espèce humaine the human race, mankind
    des espèces animales/végétales animal/plant species
    2. [sorte] sort, kind
    des escrocs de ton/son espèce crooks like you/him
    les gens de cette espèce that sort, people of that ilk
    c'est un menteur de la pire espèce he's the worst kind of liar, he's a terrible liar
    une espèce/l'espèce de (péjoratif) : c'était une espèce de ferme it was a sort of farm ou a farm of sorts
    espèce de (familier & péjoratif) : espèce d'idiot! you idiot!
    3. DROIT particular ou specific case
    ————————
    espèces nom féminin pluriel
    ————————
    en l'espèce locution adverbiale
    j'avais de bons rapports avec mes employés mais en l'espèce l'affaire a fini au tribunal I always had good relations with my employees but in this instance, the matter finished up in court

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > espèce

  • 27 genre

    genre [ʒɑ̃ʀ]
    1. masculine noun
       a. ( = espèce) kind, type
    • c'est bien son genre ! that's just like him!
    • tu vois le genre ! you know the type!
    • les rousses, ce n'est pas mon genre redheads aren't my type
    • réparations en tout genre or en tous genres all kinds of repairs undertaken
       b. ( = allure) appearance
    • avoir bon/mauvais genre to look respectable/disreputable
       c. ( = style artistique) genre
       d. [de mot] gender
    * * *
    ʒɑ̃ʀ
    nom masculin
    1) ( sorte) sort, kind, type (de of)

    c'est le genre rabat-joie — he/she's a killjoy

    c'est bien son genre — it's just like him/her

    3) ( allure)
    4) Linguistique gender
    5) Art, Littérature genre
    6) Botanique, Zoologie genus
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    ʒɑ̃ʀ nm
    1) (= espèce, sorte) kind, type, sort

    C'est un genre de gâteau à la crème. — It's a kind of cream cake.

    2) (= allure) manner

    se donner du genre — to give o.s. airs

    3) LINGUISTIQUE gender
    4) ART genre
    5) ZOOLOGIE, BOTANIQUE genus
    * * *
    genre nm
    1 ( sorte) sort, kind, type (de of); réparations en tout genre or tous genres all types of repairs; c'est ce qu'on fait de mieux dans le genre it's the best of its kind; c'est le genre macho○ he's the macho type○; c'est le genre rabat-joie he/she's a killjoy; c'est le or elle est du genre à arriver sans prévenir she's the sort ou type who turns up without warning; tu vois le genre! you know the type!; les barbus, ce n'est pas mon genre men with beards are not my type; les descriptions du genre magazine féminin women's magazine-type descriptions; un problème du même genre a similar kind of problem; genre de vie lifestyle; elle n'est pas mal dans son genre she's quite pretty in her way; quelque chose dans ce genre something like that; un peu dans le genre de mon frère/de ta robe a bit like my brother/your dress; Marianne, ce n'est pas le même genre que sa sœur Marianne is not at all like her sister;
    2 ( comportement) ce n'est pas mon genre de tricher cheating is not my style, cheating is not the sort of thing I do; c'est bien son genre it's just like him/her;
    3 ( allure) avoir mauvais genre to look disreputable; avoir le genre bohème to look the bohemian type; elle n'est pas vraiment jolie, mais elle a un genre she's not really pretty, but there's something about her; pour se donner un genre (in order) to make oneself look different;
    4 Ling gender; s'accorder en genre to agree in gender;
    5 Art, Littérat genre; le genre picaresque/épistolaire the picaresque/epistolary genre; peinture de genre genre painting;
    6 Bot, Zool genus.
    le genre humain mankind.
    [ʒɑ̃r] nom masculin
    1. [sorte, espèce] kind, sort, type
    partir sans payer, ce n'est pas son genre it's not like him to leave without paying
    il a exigé qu'on lui rembourse le dessert, tu vois le genre! he had the dessert deducted from the bill, you know the sort!
    un genre de [une sorte de] a kind ou sort of
    elle m'a répondu quelque chose du genre "je ne suis pas ta bonne" she answered something along the lines of "I'm not here to wait on you"
    2. [comportement, manières] type, style
    il est romantique, tout à fait mon genre! he's a romantic, just my type!
    faire du genre, se donner un genre to put on airs, to give oneself airs
    le genre humain mankind, the human race
    le genre policier the detective genre, detective stories
    ————————
    dans son genre locution adverbiale
    [à sa façon] in his/her (own) way
    ————————
    en son genre locution adverbiale
    [dans sa catégorie]
    ————————
    en tout genre locution adverbiale,
    en tous genres locution adverbiale

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > genre

  • 28 razza

    f race
    fig sort, kind
    zoology breed
    * * *
    razza1 s.f.
    1 race, breed: razza canina, bovina, ovina, breed of dogs, of cattle, of sheep; migliorare, incrociare le razze, to improve the breeds, to crossbreed // di razza pura, purebred; (di bestiame, di cani ecc.) pedigree; ( di cavallo) thoroughbred: un cavallo di razza ( pura), a thoroughbred (horse) // di razza incrociata, crossbred; ( di cane) mongrel: animale di razza mista, crossbred animal
    2 ( antropologia) race: la razza umana, the human race; la razza semitica, the Semitic race; la razza bianca, gialla, the white, yellow race // odio di razza, race-hatred // far razza a sé, (fig.) to be a race apart // attore di razza, (fig.) first-class (o first-rate) actor
    3 (estens.) ( famiglia) family; ( stirpe) race; ( discendenza) descent, stock: una persona di razza onesta, a person of honest stock; di nobile razza, of noble descent; è eccentrico come tutto il resto della sua razza, he's eccentric like all the rest of his family; sono una razza di ladri, (spreg.) they're a bunch of thieves
    4 ( genere, sorta) kind, sort: gente di tutte le razze, all kinds of people; che razza di lavoro è?, what kind of work is it? // con che razza di gente tratti?, what kind of people do you deal with?; che razza di cretino!, what an idiot!
    razza2 s.f. ( di ruota) spoke.
    razza3 s.f. (zool.) ray, skate // razza chiodata, ( Raja clavata) thornback // razza cornuta, ( Manta birostris) devil fish.
    * * *
    I ['rattsa]
    sostantivo femminile

    razza umana, bianca — human, white race

    2) (famiglia, stirpe) race, breed
    3) zool. breed, strain

    di razza (pura) — [ animale] purebred, well-bred, pedigree attrib.; [ cavallo] thoroughbred

    5) fig. spreg.
    II ['raddza]
    sostantivo femminile ittiol. ray, skate*
    III ['raddza]
    sostantivo femminile tecn. spoke
    * * *
    razza1
    /'rattsa/
    sostantivo f.
     1 (di esseri umani) race; razza umana, bianca human, white race
     2 (famiglia, stirpe) race, breed; essere di buona razza to come from a good stock
     3 zool. breed, strain; di razza (pura) [ animale] purebred, well-bred, pedigree attrib.; [ cavallo] thoroughbred; cavalli di razza (blood)stock
     4 colloq. (categoria di persone) gente di ogni razza all kinds of people
     5 fig. spreg. razza di stupido! you stupid idiot! che razza di risposta è questa? what kind of an answer is that?
    ————————
    razza2
    /'raddza/
    sostantivo f.
    ittiol. ray, skate*.
    ————————
    razza3
    /'raddza/
    sostantivo f.
    tecn. spoke.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > razza

  • 29 ir en contra de

    (v.) = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, turn against, play against, be contrary to, run up against, work against, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of
    Ex. Any mis-spellings, poor grammar and verbose phrasing and any other features that contravene good abstracting practice must be eliminated.
    Ex. If a planned activity flies in the face of human nature, its success will be only as great as the non-human factors can ensure.
    Ex. But since the project, development have largely gone against it, with many libraries installing their own data systems.
    Ex. Local interpretations of the rules, and modifications to suit local circumstances, certainly militate against standard records.
    Ex. To sum it up, ISBD stands in sharp contrast to the ideal of concise and clear entries followed by the founders of Anglo-American cataloging.
    Ex. What factors told against them?.
    Ex. These activities may also be at odds with processes routinely applied across the board, such as lamination.
    Ex. Libraries in developing countries may represent part of an alien cultural package, an importation ill suited to the country's needs, even working at cross purposes to the people's interests.
    Ex. These two functions of the library have often been at cross purposes to one another, because each has been associated with a conflicting view of the kind and amount of assistance to be offered to the reader.
    Ex. By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.
    Ex. For me a picture of myself in a dentist's waiting room is a perfect metaphor for set and setting very much in play against the easily obtained pleasures I usually get from reading.
    Ex. This is a rather unexpected conclusion, and is of course contrary to most of what has been stated in this text; it is also contrary to the experience of large numbers of librarians, who have found that controlled vocabularies are helpful in practice.
    Ex. Some of the information from the EEC Government in Brussels is provided off the record, which sometimes runs up against the UK Government's wall of secrecy.
    Ex. Which means we must create a reading environment that helps and encourages reading rather than works against it.
    Ex. Classes of children can sometimes prove to be stubbornly set against having anything to do with book introductions, and it is better then to engage them in other activities rather than be doggedly determined to have one's own way and to go on in the face of their antagonism.
    Ex. Unfortunately the Library of Congress still has a policy which runs counter to this need.
    Ex. This runs contrary to earlier user studies, particularly those of scientists and engineers, which concluded that perceived source accessibility was the overwhelming factor in source selection.
    Ex. Sharp of tongue, Watterston was often at loggerheads with the authorities, particularly the Joint Library Committee.
    Ex. Some teachers argue against book clubs, claiming that they bring together only a certain kind of avid reader, the literary equivalent of the religiously effete and over-pious.
    Ex. To sum it up, ISBD stands in sharp contrast to the ideal of concise and clear entries followed by the founders of Anglo-American cataloging.
    Ex. As a result public libraries came into disrepute and even today authorities speak against them.
    Ex. Unfortunately for them, this approach runs afoul of Iraqi tribal customs since they are, reportedly, endogamous with respect to tribe.
    Ex. As some of her prophecies came true, she fell afoul of the authorities and was arrested by the Holy Order.
    * * *
    (v.) = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, turn against, play against, be contrary to, run up against, work against, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of

    Ex: Any mis-spellings, poor grammar and verbose phrasing and any other features that contravene good abstracting practice must be eliminated.

    Ex: If a planned activity flies in the face of human nature, its success will be only as great as the non-human factors can ensure.
    Ex: But since the project, development have largely gone against it, with many libraries installing their own data systems.
    Ex: Local interpretations of the rules, and modifications to suit local circumstances, certainly militate against standard records.
    Ex: To sum it up, ISBD stands in sharp contrast to the ideal of concise and clear entries followed by the founders of Anglo-American cataloging.
    Ex: What factors told against them?.
    Ex: These activities may also be at odds with processes routinely applied across the board, such as lamination.
    Ex: Libraries in developing countries may represent part of an alien cultural package, an importation ill suited to the country's needs, even working at cross purposes to the people's interests.
    Ex: These two functions of the library have often been at cross purposes to one another, because each has been associated with a conflicting view of the kind and amount of assistance to be offered to the reader.
    Ex: By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.
    Ex: For me a picture of myself in a dentist's waiting room is a perfect metaphor for set and setting very much in play against the easily obtained pleasures I usually get from reading.
    Ex: This is a rather unexpected conclusion, and is of course contrary to most of what has been stated in this text; it is also contrary to the experience of large numbers of librarians, who have found that controlled vocabularies are helpful in practice.
    Ex: Some of the information from the EEC Government in Brussels is provided off the record, which sometimes runs up against the UK Government's wall of secrecy.
    Ex: Which means we must create a reading environment that helps and encourages reading rather than works against it.
    Ex: Classes of children can sometimes prove to be stubbornly set against having anything to do with book introductions, and it is better then to engage them in other activities rather than be doggedly determined to have one's own way and to go on in the face of their antagonism.
    Ex: Unfortunately the Library of Congress still has a policy which runs counter to this need.
    Ex: This runs contrary to earlier user studies, particularly those of scientists and engineers, which concluded that perceived source accessibility was the overwhelming factor in source selection.
    Ex: Sharp of tongue, Watterston was often at loggerheads with the authorities, particularly the Joint Library Committee.
    Ex: Some teachers argue against book clubs, claiming that they bring together only a certain kind of avid reader, the literary equivalent of the religiously effete and over-pious.
    Ex: To sum it up, ISBD stands in sharp contrast to the ideal of concise and clear entries followed by the founders of Anglo-American cataloging.
    Ex: As a result public libraries came into disrepute and even today authorities speak against them.
    Ex: Unfortunately for them, this approach runs afoul of Iraqi tribal customs since they are, reportedly, endogamous with respect to tribe.
    Ex: As some of her prophecies came true, she fell afoul of the authorities and was arrested by the Holy Order.

    Spanish-English dictionary > ir en contra de

  • 30 σάρξ

    σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ (Hom.+; ‘flesh’).
    ① the material that covers the bones of a human or animal body, flesh lit. 1 Cor 15:39abcd; Hv 3, 10, 4; 3, 12, 1. The pl. (which denotes flesh in the mass [Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 5], whereas the sing. rather denotes the substance.—Herodas 4, 61; Gen 40:19; 1 Km 17:44; 4 Km 9:36; PsSol 4:19; TestJob 13:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 211; Just., A I, 26, 7; Mel., P. 52, 383; Ath. 34, 2) Lk 24:39 v.l.; Rv 19:18, 21 (4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010, 16] cannibalism out of hunger, sim. Mel., P. 52, 383; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 245: the σάρκες of the slain are food for the birds) B 10:4; metaph. Rv 17:16. It decays 1 Cl 25:3; cp. Ac 2:31 (cp. 2a below). Normally gives forth an evil odor when burned MPol 15:2. W. bones (s. ὀστέον) 1 Cl 6:3 (Gen 2:23); Lk 24:39; Eph 5:30 v.l. (metaph.). Paul speaks of his illness as a σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί (s. σκόλοψ) 2 Cor 12:7. ἡ ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή the physical circumcision (cp. Just., D. 10, 1 al.) Ro 2:28; cp. Eph 2:11b; Col 2:13 (ἀκροβυστία 2); Gal 6:13 (ἡ σάρξ=the flesh that is circumcised); B 9:4. Metaph.: the corrosion on the precious metals of the rich φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ Js 5:3.—Ign. describes the elements of the Eucharist as σὰρξ (or αἷμα) Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IRo 7:3; IPhld 4; ISm 7:1. Also J 6:51–56 urges that one must eat the flesh (and drink the blood) of the Human One or Son of Man (Just., A I, 66, 2; s. TPhilips, Die Verheissung der hl. Eucharistie nach Joh. 1922; Bultmann ad loc.; AWikenhauser ’48, 105f).—His anti-Docetic position also leads Ign. to use the concept ‘flesh (and blood) of Christ’ in other contexts as well ITr 8:1; IPhld 5:1.—For Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; and 1 Cor 15:50 s. 3a.
    ② the physical body as functioning entity, body, physical body
    ⓐ as substance and living entity (Aeschyl., Sept. 622: opp. νοῦς; Ex 30:32; 4 Km 6:30; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 6 [Stone p. 54] πάντα τὰ μέλη τῆς σαρκός μου; w. καρδία or ψυχή Alex. Aphr., An. p. 98, 7–10 Br.; Ps 37:8; 62:2; Eccl 2:3; Ezk 11:19; 44:7 a1.; Jos., Bell. 6, 47, Ant. 19, 325; Ar.15, 7) οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν Ac 2:31 (but s. 1). W. ψυχή 1 Cl 49:6 (Tat. 13:2 al.). W. καρδία Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9).—Eph 5:29. ἑόρακαν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν σαρκί they have seen me face to face Col 2:1. ἕως ἂν τὸν χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἴδῃ before he had seen the Messiah in person GJs 24:4 (cp. Lk 2:26). Opp. πνεῦμα (Ath. 31:3; PGM 5, 460 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν κτίσαντα πᾶσαν σάρκα κ. πᾶν πνεῦμα) 1 Cor 5:5; 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5; 1 Pt 4:6; Hm 3:1; 10, 2, 6; cp. AcPl Ant 13:17 (=Aa, I 237, 2; s. οἶδα); also in relation to Christ (though this is disputed) J 6:63; Hs 5, 6, 5–7; cp. 1 Ti 3:16.—ἀσθένεια τῆς σαρκός bodily ailment Gal 4:13; s. vs. 14. ἀσθενὴς τῇ σαρκί weak in the body Hs 9, 1, 2. ὁ ἀλγῶν σάρκα the one who is ill in body B 8:6. πάσχειν σαρκί 1 Pt 4:1b. Cp. 2 Cor 7:5. ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς καθαρότης the purity of the body Hb 9:13 (opp. καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν vs. 14). σαρκὸς ἀπόθεσις ῥύπου 1 Pt 3:21 (s. ῥύπος 1). The σάρξ is raised fr. the dead (s. ParJer 6:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [74, 2]) 1 Cl 26:3; 2 Cl 9:1. ἀνάστασις σαρκός AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν Just., D. 80, 5); cp. ἀναστήσεσθε ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32. Of the body of Christ during his earthly ministry Eph 2:14 (JHart, The Enmity in His Flesh: Exp. 6th ser., 3, 1901, 135–41); Hb 10:20; 1 Pt 3:18; 4:1a; 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:1, 10f; 6:7, 9; 7:5; 12:10; IEph 7:2; Pol 7:1; AcPlCor 2:6b. Married couples form μία σάρξ (Gen 2:24; s. Ath. 33, 2 τὴν σάρκα πρὸς σάρκα … κοινωνίαν.—GAicher, Mann u. Weib ein Fleisch: BZ 5, 1907, 159–65) Mt 19:5f; Mk 10:8ab; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (on these passages, TBurkill, ZNW 62, ’71, 115–20). δικαιώματα σαρκός behind ‘all sorts of ceremonial washings’ there are regulations that concern the physical body Hb 9:10.—On ὑποτάγητε τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ ὡς ὁ Χριστὸς τῷ πατρὶ κατὰ σάρκα IMg 13:2 s. Hdb. ad loc. and MRackl, Die Christologie des hl. Ignatius v. Ant. 1914, 228.—πνεῦμα δυνάμεως … ὁ θεὸς … κατέπεμψεν εἰς σάρκα τουτέστιν εἰς τὴν Μαρίαν God sent a powerful spirit (prob. a ref. to the kind of divine breath that brought the first human being to life [Gen 2:7]) into flesh, that is, into Mary AcPl Ha 8, 26=BMM recto 34; s. AcPlCor 1:14.
    ⓑ as someth. with physical limitations, life here on earth (ApcEsdr 4:4 p. 28, 3 Tdf. σάρκα ἀνθρωπίνην φορῶ) θλῖψιν τῇ σαρκὶ ἕξουσιν 1 Cor 7:28. Cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Col 1:24. Of Christ τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ his body with its physical limitations Col 1:22; cp. 2:11 and s. cα below (cp. En 102:5 τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν; 1QpHab 9:2; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 29, 25).—Of human life: ἀποδημεῖν τῆς σαρκός MPol 2:2 (s. ἀποδημέω). ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκί Phil 1:24. ζῆν ἐν σαρκί vs. 22; Gal 2:20. ἐν ς. περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 10:3a. ἐν ς. τυγχάνειν Dg 5:8a. ὄντος ἔτι ἐν ς. σου AcPlCor 1:6. τὸν ἐπίλοιπον ἐν ς. χρόνον 1 Pt 4:2. ἡ ἐπιδημία τῆς σαρκὸς ταύτης our sojourn in life 2 Cl 5:5. ἐν τῇ σαρκί in our earthly life 8:2.
    ⓒ as instrument of various actions or expressions.
    α. In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as ς. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are likew. present, and no good thing can live in the σάρξ Ro 7:18 (cp. Philo, Gig. 29 αἴτιον δὲ τῆς ἀνεπιστημοσύνης μέγιστον ἡ σὰρξ καὶ ἡ πρὸς σάρκα οἰκείωσις; Sextus 317 ἀγαθὸν ἐν σαρκὶ μὴ ἐπιζήτει. The OT lays no stress on a necessary relationship betw. flesh as a substance, and sin. But for Epicurus the σάρξ is the bearer of sinful feelings and desires as well as the means of sensual enjoyment: Ep. in Plut., Mor. 135c; 1087bf; 1089e; 1096c αἱ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπιθυμίαι. Also Diog. L. 10, 145. Likew. Plut. himself: Mor. 101b ταῖς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡδοναῖς; 672e; 688d; 734a; Ps.-Plut., Mor. 107f σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς πάθεσι ταύτης; Maximus Tyr. 33, 7a. Cp. 4 Macc 7:18 τὰ τῆς σαρκὸς πάθη; Philo, Deus Imm. 143 σαρκὸς ἡδονή, Gig. 29; TestJud 19:4; TestZeb 9:7; ApcMos 25 [p. 14, 2 Tdf.] εἰς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τῆς σαρκός); Ro 6:19; 7:25 (opp. νοῦς); 8:3a, 4–9 (cp. Persius 2, 63 scelerata pulpa, which contaminates devotion to deity), 12f; Gal 5:13, 24; Col 2:23; Jd 23; AcPlCor 2:11, 15; Dg 6:5 (opp. ψυχή, as Plut., Mor. 101b). Opp. τὸ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4, 5, 6, 9, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab; J 3:6; B 10:9. τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 25, 8) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. σὰρξ ἁμαρτίας sinful flesh Ro 8:3b. ἐπιθυμία (τῆς) σαρκός (cp. Maximus Tyr. 20, 9f σαρκῶν … ἐπιθυμίας) Gal 5:16; 1J 2:16; B 10:9. Pl. Eph 2:3a, cp. b; 2 Pt 2:18; cp. Ro 13:14. τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός Gal 5:19 (s. Vögtle at πλεονεξία). τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3b. ὁ νοῦς τῆς σαρκός Col 2:18. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός the body of (sinful) flesh 2:11; cp. 1:22 and s. b above (cp. Sir 23:17 σῶμα σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ; En 102:5 τῷ σώματι τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν). τὰ τῆς σαρκός what pertains to (sinful) flesh Ro 8:5b. ἐν (τῇ) σαρκὶ εἶναι be in an unregenerate (and sinful) state Ro 7:5; 8:8f. τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί Eph 2:11a. κατὰ σάρκα εἶναι Ro 8:5a; ζῆν vs. 12b; 13; Dg 5:8b; περιπατεῖν Ro 8:4; 2 Cor 10:2; βουλεύεσθαι 1:17; στρατεύεσθαι 10:3b; cp. IRo 8:3 (opp. κατὰ γνώμην θεοῦ).
    β. source of the sexual urge. The σάρξ is the source of the sexual urge, without any suggestion of sinfulness connected w. it ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς ἐγεννήθησαν J 1:13.
    ⓓ as someth. attractive 2 Pt 2:10 (a Hebraism, cp. Judg 2:12; 3 Km 11:10; Sir 46:10). S. also 3b.
    ③ one who is or becomes a physical being, living being with flesh
    ⓐ of humans person, human being: πᾶσα σάρξ every person, everyone (LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72]; GrBar 4:10; ApcEsdr 7:7; ApcMos 13 [p. 7, 1 Tdf.]; Mel., P. 55, 400: for כָּל-בָּשָׂר; s. πᾶς 1aα) Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); J 17:2; Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6); 1 Cl 59:3; 64; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5 (the last two Is 66:24); AcPlCor 2:6a. οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ no person, nobody (En 14:21 end.—W-S. §26, 10a; B-D-F §275, 4; 302, 1; Rob. 752) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20 (cp. Ps 142:2 πᾶς ζῶν); 1 Cor 1:29 (μή); Gal 2:16.—Though ς. in the foll. passages refers to body in its physical aspect, it cannot be divorced from its conjunction with αἷμα, and the unit σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα (cp. Sir 17:31; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82]; Philo, Quis Div. Rer. Her. 57; Just., D. 135, 6) refers to a human being in contrast to God and other transcendent beings Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12 (here vice versa, αἷ. καὶ ς.). τὰ παιδία κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός the children share mortal nature Hb 2:14, but with suggestion of its frailty, as indicated by the context with its ref. to death. Because they are the opposites of the divine nature σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται 1 Cor 15:50 (JJeremias, NTS 2, ’56, 151–59). For Jd 7 s. b next. Cp. AcPl Ant 13, 17 (=Aa I 237, 2) σαρκί personally (s. οἶδα 2).
    ⓑ of transcendent entities ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (RSeeberg, Festgabe AvHarnack dargebracht 1921, 263–81.—Artem. 2, 35 p. 132, 27 ἐὰν σάρκινοι οἱ θεοὶ φαίνωνται; Synes., Dio 6 p. 45b).—Of flesh other than human: ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἑτέρας after another kind of flesh (cp. Judg 2:12 ὀπίσω θεῶν ἑτέρων) i.e. of divine messengers who take on ς. when they appear to humans (so Windisch et al.; difft. Frame et al. of same-sex activity) Jd 7.
    ④ human/ancestral connection, human/mortal nature, earthly descent (Did., Gen. 144, 25) Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα Ro 4:1 (Just., D. 43, 7 al.). οἱ συγγενεῖς μου κατὰ σάρκα 9:3. τοὺς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας Hb 12:9. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ σάρκα the earthly Israel 1 Cor 10:18 (opp. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 6:16). Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29. μου τὴν σάρκα my compatriots Ro 11:14 (s. Gen 37:27).—Of Christ’s physical nature Ro 8:3c; Hb 5:7. Christ is descended fr. the patriarchs and fr. David (τὸ) κατὰ σάρκα according to the human side of his nature, as far as his physical descent is concerned Ro 1:3 (JDunn, Jesus: Flesh and Spirit [Ro 1:3f], JTS 24, ’73, 40–68); 9:5; 1 Cl 32:2; IEph 20:2. The context of 2 Cor 11:18 includes ancestry as a reason for boasting, but ς. in this pass. applies as well to other aspects of Paul’s career and therefore belongs more properly in 5.
    ⑤ the outward side of life as determined by normal perspectives or standards, a transf. sense of 1 and 2. Usually w. κατά indicating norm or standard σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα wise (people) according to human standards 1 Cor 1:26. καυχᾶσθαι κατὰ (τὴν) σάρκα boast of one’s outward circumstances, i.e. descent, manner of life, etc. (cp. 11:22) 2 Cor 11:18. κατὰ σάρκα Χριστόν Christ (the Messiah) from a human point of view or as far as externals are concerned 5:16b, cp. a (κατά B5bβ and 7a; also VWeber, BZ 2, 1904, 178–88; HWindisch, exc. ad loc.; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3, 374–76; FPorter, Does Paul Claim to Have Known the Historical Jesus [2 Cor 5:16]?: JBL 47, 1928, 257–75; RMoxon, CQR 108, 1929, 320–28). οἱ κατὰ σάρκα κύριοι those who, according to human standards, are masters Eph 6:5; Col 3:22. ὑμεῖς κατὰ τὴν ς. κρίνετε you judge by outward things, by externals J 8:15. Of the route taken in one’s earthly life ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ κατὰ σάρκα IRo 9:3.—ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθέναι place one’s trust in earthly things or physical advantages Phil 3:3f. εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί Gal 6:12. Onesimus is a beloved brother to Philemon καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ ἐν κυρίῳ both as a human being (=personally, in the external relationship betw. master and slave) and as a Christian Phlm 16. ὑμῶν δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ἐπισκόπῳ IEph 1:3 (cp. IMg 3:2).—HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde 1908; EBurton, ICC Gal. 1920, 492–95; WSchauf, Sarx 1924; WBieder, Auferstehung des Fleisches od. des Leibes?: TZ 1, ’45, 105–20. W. special ref. to Paul: Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 7:14 and 8:11; Lohmeyer (ἁμαρτία 3a); EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33; RGrant, ATR 22, ’40, 199–203; RBultmann, Theologie des NTs ’48, 228–49 (Engl. tr. by KGrobel, ’51 I, 227–59); LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 267–70; E Schweizer, Die hellenist. Komponente im NT sarx-Begriff: ZNW 48, ’57, 237–53; two in KStendahl, The Scrolls and the NT, ’57: KKuhn, 94–113 and WDavies, 157–82; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT: RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; DLys, La chair dans l’AT ’67; ASand, D. Begriff ‘Fleisch’ ’67 (Paul); RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms ’71, 49–166. On Ign.: CRichardson, The Christianity of Ign. of Ant. ’35, esp. 49 and 61. S. also the lit. s.v. πνεῦμα, end.—B. 202. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σάρξ

  • 31 Geist

    m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur Sg.; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit; Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit; Mann von Geist man of wit; vor Geist sprühen oder seinen Geist sprühen lassen scintillate; den oder seinen Geist aushauchen geh. euph. (sterben) give up the ghost; den Geist aufgeben umg. (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out; das / er geht mir auf den Geist umg. it / he really gets on my nerves, it’s / he’s driving me crazy; im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye; im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner; wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit; der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur Sg.; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes Pl. umg.; der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit; der Geist des Christentums etc. the spirit of Christianity etc.; es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit; in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of s.o.; daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition; ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts; böser Geist evil spirit, demon; der Böse Geist KIRCHL. the Evil One; hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted; bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; heilig
    4. fig. Person: großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker); kleiner Geist small-minded person; dienstbarer Geist umg., hum. (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure; jemandes guter Geist s.o.’s guiding light; sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department; sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg.; scheiden III
    * * *
    der Geist
    (Gespenst) specter; ghost; phantom; spectre;
    (Seele) animus; spirit;
    (Verstand) brains; intellect; mind;
    (Witz) wit
    * * *
    [gaist]
    m -(e)s, -er
    1) no pl (= Denken, Vernunft) mind

    der menschliche Géíst, der Géíst des Menschen — the human mind

    Géíst und Materie — mind and matter

    mit Géíst begabt — endowed with a mind

    "Phänomenologie des Géístes" — "Phenomenology of the Spirit"

    2) (REL = Seele, außerirdisches Wesen) spirit; (= Gespenst) ghost

    Géíst und Körper — mind and body

    seinen Géíst aufgeben or aushauchen (liter, iro) — to give up the ghost

    der Géíst ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach (prov) — the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak

    der Heilige Géíst — the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    der Géíst Gottes — the Spirit of God

    der böse Géíst — the Evil One

    der Géíst der Finsternis — the Prince of Darkness

    gute/böse Géíster — good/evil spirits

    die Stunde der Géíster — the witching hour

    der gute Géíst des Hauses (geh) — the moving spirit in the household

    von allen guten Géístern verlassen sein (inf) — to have taken leave of one's senses (inf)

    jdm auf den Géíst gehen (inf) — to get on sb's nerves

    in dem Schloss gehen Géíster um — the castle is haunted, the castle is walked by ghosts (liter)

    3) (no pl = Intellekt) intellect, mind; (fig = Denker, Genie) mind

    Géíst haben — to have a good mind or intellect; (Witz) to show wit

    einen regen/lebhaften Géíst haben —

    ein Mann von großem Géíst — a man of great intellect, a man with a great mind

    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem Géíst — the speech was not particularly brilliant

    das geht über meinen Géíst (inf) — that's way over my head (inf), that's beyond me (inf)

    hier scheiden sich die Géíster — this is the parting of the ways

    seinen Géíst anstrengen (inf) — to use one's brains (inf)

    sie sind verwandte Géíster — they are kindred spirits

    kleine Géíster (iro: ungebildet) — people of limited intellect; (kleinmütig) small-minded or petty-minded people

    See:
    4) no pl (= Wesen, Sinn, Gesinnung) spirit

    in kameradschaftlichem Géíst — in a spirit of comradeship

    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer Géíst — this office has a friendly atmosphere

    in seinem/ihrem Géíst — in his/her spirit

    in jds Géíst handeln — to act in the spirit of sb

    der Géíst der Zeit/der russischen Sprache — the spirit or genius (liter) of the times/of the Russian language

    nach dem Géíst des Gesetzes, nicht nach seinem Buchstaben gehen — to go by the spirit rather than the letter of the law

    daran zeigt sich, wes Géístes Kind er ist — that (just) shows what kind of person he is

    5) no pl (= Vorstellung) mind

    etw im Géíst(e) vor sich sehen — to see sth in one's mind's eye

    sich im Géíst(e) als etw/als jd/an einem Ort sehen — to see or picture oneself as sth/as sb/in a place

    im Géíste bin ich bei euch — I am with you in spirit, my thoughts are with you

    * * *
    der
    1) (a spirit, usually of a dead person: Do you believe in ghosts?; Hamlet thought he saw his father's ghost.) ghost
    2) (a principle or emotion which makes someone act: The spirit of kindness seems to be lacking in the world nowadays.) spirit
    3) (a person's mind, will, personality etc thought of as distinct from the body, or as remaining alive eg as a ghost when the body dies: Our great leader may be dead, but his spirit still lives on; ( also adjective) the spirit world; Evil spirits have taken possession of him.) spirit
    4) (an elf or fairy: a water-sprite.) sprite
    * * *
    Geist1
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [ˈgaist]
    m
    1. kein pl (Vernunft) mind
    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem \Geist the speech was no testament to a great mind
    ihr \Geist ist verwirrt she's mentally deranged
    seinen \Geist anstrengen to put one's mind to it
    seinen \Geist aushauchen (euph geh) to breathe one's last
    jdm [mit etw dat] auf den \Geist gehen (fam) to get on sb's nerves [with sth] fam
    im \Geist[e] (in Gedanken) in spirit, in one's thoughts; (in der Vorstellung) in one's mind's eye, in one's thoughts
    etw im \Geiste vor sich dat sehen to see sth in one's mind's eye, to picture sth
    \Geist und Körper body and mind
    der menschliche \Geist, der \Geist des Menschen the human mind
    2. kein pl (Witz) wit
    er sprühte vor \Geist he was as witty as could be
    eine Rede voller \Geist und Witz a witty speech
    \Geist haben to have esprit
    ein Mann ohne/von \Geist a dull/witty man
    \Geist versprühen to be scintillating
    3. kein pl (Gesinnung) spirit
    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer \Geist there's a spirit of cooperation in this office
    an \Geist und Buchstaben einer S. gen halten to observe the spirit and letter of sth
    der freie \Geist free thought
    in kameradschaftlichem \Geist in a spirit of camaraderie [or comradeship]
    in jds \Geist how sb would have wished
    der \Geist der Zeit the spirit of the times [or age
    4. (Destillat) spirit
    5.
    ▶ seinen [o den] \Geist aufgeben (iron veraltet: sterben) to give up the ghost, to breathe one's last; (hum fam: kaputtgehen) to give up the ghost
    ▶ wes \Geistes Kind jd ist the kind of person sb is
    ▶ da [o hier] scheiden sich die \Geister opinions differ here
    ▶ der \Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    Geist2
    <-[e]s, -e>
    m
    1. (Denker) mind, intellect
    große \Geister stört das nicht (hum fam) that doesn't bother me/us etc.
    kleiner \Geist small-minded person, person of limited intellect
    2. (Charakter) spirit
    ein guter \Geist an angel
    der gute \Geist des Hauses the moving [or guiding] spirit of the household
    ein unruhiger \Geist a restive spirit, a restless creature
    verwandte \Geister kindred spirits
    3. (Wesenheit) spirit
    der böse \Geist the Evil One old
    dienstbarer \Geist ministering spirit
    der \Geist der Finsternis (geh) the Prince of Darkness
    der \Geist Gottes the Spirit of God
    der Heilige \Geist the Holy Ghost
    4. (Gespenst) ghost
    ihm erschien der \Geist seiner toten Mutter he was visited by the ghost of his dead mother
    \Geister gehen hier um this place is haunted
    wie ein \Geist aussehen to look very pale; krank a. to look like death warmed up [or AM over] fam; erschreckt a. to look as if one has seen a ghost
    einen \Geist beschwören to invoke a spirit
    böse/gute \Geister evil/good spirits
    5.
    ▶ dienstbarer \Geist (hum fam) servant
    ▶ von allen guten \Geistern verlassen sein (fam) to have taken leave of one's senses
    ▶ jdm als Heiliger \Geist erscheinen, jdm den Heiligen \Geist schicken MIL, SCH (veraltet sl) to don fancy dress at night and thrash sb sleeping in bed
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    Geist m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur sg; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit;
    Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit;
    Mann von Geist man of wit;
    seinen Geist aushauchen geh euph (sterben) give up the ghost;
    den Geist aufgeben umg (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out;
    das/er geht mir auf den Geist umg it/he really gets on my nerves, it’s/he’s driving me crazy;
    im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye;
    im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner;
    wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit;
    der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur sg; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes pl umg;
    der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit;
    der Geist des Christentums etc the spirit of Christianity etc;
    es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit;
    in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of sb;
    daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition;
    ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts;
    böser Geist evil spirit, demon;
    der Böse Geist KIRCHE the Evil One;
    hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted;
    bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; → heilig
    4. fig Person:
    großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker);
    kleiner Geist small-minded person;
    dienstbarer Geist umg, hum (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure;
    jemandes guter Geist sb’s guiding light;
    sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department;
    sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg; → scheiden C
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    -er m.
    esprit n.
    ghost n.
    mind n.
    soul n.
    specter n.
    spirit n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Geist

  • 32 halb

    I Adj.
    1. half; halb Deutschland half of Germany; auf halber Höhe halfway (up); halbe Note MUS. minim, Am. half note; halbe Pause MUS. minim (Am. half note) rest; zum halben Preis for half the price, (at) half-price; die halbe Summe half the amount
    2. bei Zeitangaben: half; eine halbe Stunde half an hour, a half hour; halb drei ( Uhr) half past two; fünf nach / vor halb twenty-five to / past
    3. (teilweise, unvollständig) half; mit halbem Herzen half-hearted(ly); er hörte nur mit halbem Ohr zu he was only half listening, he was listening with only half an ear; sie ist nur noch ein halber Mensch she’s only half the woman she was; keine halben Sachen machen not do anything by halves; nur die halbe Wahrheit only half the truth; jemandem auf halbem Wege entgegenkommen meet s.o. halfway; sich auf halbem Wege einigen meet halfway; nichts Halbes und nichts Ganzes neither one thing nor the other, neither fish nor fowl
    4. umg. (fast, so gut wie) half; sie ist ja noch ein halbes Kind she’s still half a child; es dauert eine halbe Ewigkeit it’s taking ages; das weiß schon die halbe Stadt half the town knows it already
    II Adv.
    1. half; halb leer / offen / voll half-empty / -open / -full; halb so viel half as much; die Zeit ist halb vorbei half the time has gone; halb herausfordernd, halb abwehrend half defiant(ly), half defensive(ly); halb Mensch, halb Tier half-human, half-beast; halb und halb mischen etc.: half and half; umg. überzeugen, wollen etc.: more or less; halb und halb machen mit jemandem go halves with s.o.
    2. (teilweise) bekleidet, nackt, verdaut, wach etc.: half-..., präd. half...; flüssig, offiziell etc.: semi-...; halb gar oder durch half-done, underdone, half-cooked; Steak: medium; halb verfault rotting; halb durchsichtig translucent; es war mir nur halb bewusst I was only half aware of it; es ist halb so schlimm oder wild umg. it’s not as bad as all that ( oder as we etc. thought)
    3. bes. umg. half; (fast) auch nearly, almost; (so gut wie) auch virtually; halb blind vor Tränen half blinded by tears; halb tot vor Angst half dead with fear; halb erfroren / verdurstet half frozen / parched; halb verhungert starving; ich bin halb erfroren I’m nearly frozen to death; wir sind da drin halb erstickt we nearly suffocated in there; sich halb totlachen (nearly) kill o.s. laughing; das ist ja halb geschenkt that’s more or less a gift; damit war die Sache schon halb gewonnen that was half the battle; ich wünsche halb, dass... I half wish (that)...; ich dachte mir schon halb... I half suspected, I had a feeling...
    4. Fußball: halblink..., halbrecht... etc.
    * * *
    halfway (Adj.); half (Adj.);
    (bei Nennung der Uhrzeit) half past (Adv.)
    * * *
    hạlb [halp]
    1. adj
    1) (Bruchteil) half; Lehrauftrag etc part-time

    ein halber Kuchen/Meter etc — half a cake/metre (Brit) or meter (US) etc

    der halbe Kuchen/Tag etc — half the cake/day etc

    ein halbes Jahr — six months pl, half a year

    auf halber Höhe — at half the normal height; (zum Gipfel) halfway up

    auf halbem Wege, auf halber Strecke (lit) — halfway; (fig) halfway through

    jdm auf halbem Weg entgegenkommen (fig) — to meet sb halfway

    das halbe Hundert — fifty, half a hundred (old)

    zum halben Preis — (at) half price

    Kleid mit halbem Arm — dress with half-length sleeves

    2) (MUS)

    eine halbe Note — a minim (Brit), a half-note (US)

    halbe Pause — minim (Brit) or half-note (US) rest

    3) inv

    (Uhrzeit) halb zehn — half past nine

    fünf Minuten vor/nach halb zwei — twenty-five (minutes) past one/to two

    4) inv, no art

    (bei geografischen Namen) halb Deutschland/London — half of Germany/London

    5) (= teilweise, stückhaft) Maßnahmen half; Reformen partial; (= vermindert) Tempo half; Lächeln slight; Licht poor

    halbe Arbeit leisten — to do a bad job

    ein halber Mensch/eine halbe Frau sein, sich nur wie ein halber Mensch/eine halbe Frau fühlen — not to feel like a complete person/woman

    6) (inf)

    (= große Anzahl, großer Teil) die halbe Stadt/Welt/Arbeit — half the town/world/work

    ein halber Elektriker/Mechaniker — something of an electrician/mechanic

    (noch) ein halbes Kind sein — to be hardly or scarcely more than a child

    2. adv
    1) (= zur Hälfte) half

    halb gar — half-cooked, half-done; (fig) Idee half-baked

    halb links (Sport, spielen) — (at) inside left; (im Theater) sitzen left of centre (Brit) or center (US)

    das Auto kam von halb links — the car came from a/the left fork

    halb linke(r, s) (Sport) — inside left

    die halb linke Abzweigung/Straße — the left fork

    halb rechte(r, s) (Sport) — inside right

    die halb rechte Abzweigung/Straße — the right fork

    halb rechts (Sport, spielen) — (at) inside right; (im Theater) sitzen right of centre (Brit) or center (US)

    das Auto kam von halb rechts — the car came from a/the right fork

    halb rechts/links abzweigen (Straße, Fahrer) — to fork ( off) to the right/left, to turn half right/left

    halb voll — half-filled; Behälter auch half-full

    2) (= nicht ganz, teilweise) half

    halb offen — half-open; Gefängnis open

    halb verdaut (lit, fig) — half-digested

    halb so gut — half as good

    ich hörte nur halb zu — I was only half listening

    das ist halb so schlimm — it's not as bad as all that; (Zukünftiges) that won't be too bad

    er weiß alles nur halb — he only knows about things superficially

    3) (= fast vollständig) almost, nearly; blind, roh half

    halb fertig — half-finished; (Ind) semi-finished; (fig) immature

    halb nackt — half-naked; Arm half-covered

    halb tot (lit) — half dead

    See:
    → frisch
    4)

    halb lachend, halb weinend — half laughing, half crying

    halb Mensch, halb Pferd — half or part man, half or part horse

    Wein oder Sprudel? – halb und halb — wine or mineral water? – half and half

    5)

    mit jdm halbe-halbe machen (inf) — to go halves with sb (Brit), to go 50/50 with sb

    gefällt es dir? – halb und halb — do you like it? – sort of (inf) or so-so (inf)

    * * *
    1) (being (equal to) one of two equal parts (of something): a half bottle of wine.) half
    2) (being made up of two things in equal parts: A centaur is a mythical creature, half man and half horse.) half
    3) (not full or complete: a half smile.) half
    4) (to the extent of one half: This cup is only half full; It's half empty.) half
    * * *
    [halp]
    I. adj
    wir haben den \halben Weg hinter uns we have already done half of the way
    Kinder und Pensionisten zahlen den halben Preis children and old-age pensioners pay half-price
    ein \halbes Brot half a loaf [of bread]
    mit \halber Geschwindigkeit at half speed
    \halbe Note minim
    zum \halben Preis at half-price
    \halber Ton semitone
    sich akk auf \halbem Weg treffen (a. fig) to meet halfway
    2. (bei Zahlen und Maßen) half
    fünf und ein \halbes Prozent five and a half percent
    ein \halbes Dutzend half a dozen
    ein \halber Liter half a litre [or AM liter]
    ein \halber Meter half a metre [or AM meter
    es ist genau \halb sieben it is exactly half past six
    es hat \halb geschlagen the clock has struck half past [or the half-hour]
    eine \halbe Stunde half an hour
    zehn Minuten nach/vor \halb twenty minutes to/past
    4. kein art (ein Großteil von etw)
    ▪ \halb... half of...
    \halb Irland/Österreich/etc. half of Ireland/Austria/etc.
    ▪ der/die/das \halbe... half the...
    das \halbe Dorf half of the village
    5. (fig: unvollständig, teilweise) half
    er hat nur \halbe Arbeit geleistet he has only done half of the job
    eine \halbe Ewigkeit half an eternity
    mit \halber Kraft voraus! half speed ahead!
    mit \halbem Herzen half-heartedly
    \halbe Maßnahmen half-hearted measures
    mit \halbem Ohr zuhören to listen with half an ear
    \halbe Sachen machen to do something by halves
    die \halbe Wahrheit half the truth
    6. (fam: fast) something of
    du bist ja ein \halber Elektriker you're something of an electrician
    er ist ja noch ein \halbes Kind he is still half a child
    sie ist nur noch \halb sie selbst she is only a shadow of what she once was
    \halbe Portion (pej) sandwich short of a picnic
    7.
    ▶ nichts H\halbes und nichts Ganzes (fam) neither one thing nor the other
    II. adv
    1. vor vb (zur Hälfte) half
    \halb..., \halb... half..., half...
    diese Nachricht quittierte sie \halb lachend, \halb weinend she took this news half laughing, half crying
    etw nur \halb machen to only half-do sth
    er hat die Arbeit nur \halb getan he only did half of the job
    \halb so... sein wie to be half as...
    er ist nicht \halb so schlau wie sein Vorgänger he's not nearly as crafty as his predecessor
    2. vor adj, adv (teilweise) half
    ▪ nur \halb only half
    ich habe nur \halb verstanden, was sie sagte I only half understood what she said
    die Straße biegt hier \halb rechts ab the street forks off to the right here
    \halb blind half blind
    \halb durch/gar KOCHK half-done
    \halb fest half solid
    \halb leer/voll half-empty/full
    \halb nackt half-naked
    \halb offen half-open
    \halb tot (fam) half-dead
    \halb wach half-awake
    3. (fast) nearly
    sie hat schon \halb zugestimmt she has nearly agreed
    mit \halb erstickter Stimme sprechen to be hardly able to speak
    \halb fertig nearly finished
    sich akk \halb totlachen to nearly kill oneself laughing
    \halb verdurstet/verhungert to be nearly dying of thirst/hunger
    4.
    ▶ [mit jdm] \halb und \halb [o \halbe- \halbe] machen (fam) to go halves with sb
    ▶ das ist \halb so schlimm it's not that bad
    ▶ \halb und \halb (fam) sort of
    * * *
    1.
    Adjektiv u. Bruchz
    1) half

    eine halbe Stunde/ein halber Meter/ein halbes Glas — half an hour/a metre/a glass

    zum halben Preis — [at] half price

    halb Europa/die halbe Welt — half of Europe/half the world

    5 Minuten vor/nach halb — 25 [minutes] past/to; s. auch Weg 4)

    die halbe Wahrheit — half [of] or part of the truth

    nichts Halbes und nichts Ganzes [sein] — [be] neither one thing nor the other

    [noch] ein halbes Kind sein — be hardly or scarcely more than a child

    2.
    1)

    halb voll/leer — half-full/-empty

    halb lachend, halb weinend — half laughing, half crying

    halb gar/angezogen/wach/offen/fertig — half-done or -cooked/half dressed/half-awake/half-open/half-finished

    halb links/rechts — (Fußball) [at] inside left/right

    halb blind/verhungert/tot — half blind/starved/dead

    halb und halb — (ugs.) more or less

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. half;
    halb Deutschland half of Germany;
    auf halber Höhe halfway (up);
    halbe Note MUS minim, US half note;
    halbe Pause MUS minim (US half note) rest;
    zum halben Preis for half the price, (at) half-price;
    die halbe Summe half the amount
    2. bei Zeitangaben: half;
    eine halbe Stunde half an hour, a half hour;
    halb drei (Uhr) half past two;
    fünf nach/vor halb twenty-five to/past
    3. (teilweise, unvollständig) half;
    mit halbem Herzen half-hearted(ly);
    er hörte nur mit halbem Ohr zu he was only half listening, he was listening with only half an ear;
    sie ist nur noch ein halber Mensch she’s only half the woman she was;
    keine halben Sachen machen not do anything by halves;
    nur die halbe Wahrheit only half the truth;
    nichts Halbes und nichts Ganzes neither one thing nor the other, neither fish nor fowl
    4. umg (fast, so gut wie) half;
    sie ist ja noch ein halbes Kind she’s still half a child;
    es dauert eine halbe Ewigkeit it’s taking ages;
    das weiß schon die halbe Stadt half the town knows it already
    B. adv
    1. half;
    halb leer/offen/voll half-empty/-open/-full;
    halb so viel half as much;
    die Zeit ist halb vorbei half the time has gone;
    halb herausfordernd, halb abwehrend half defiant(ly), half defensive(ly);
    halb Mensch, halb Tier half-human, half-beast;
    halb und halb mischen etc: half and half; umg überzeugen, wollen etc: more or less;
    2. (teilweise) bekleidet, nackt, verdaut, wach etc: half-…, präd half …; flüssig etc: semi-…;
    halb automatisch semi-automatic;
    halb fertig half-done, half-finished; TECH semi-finished; fig Person: half-baked;
    halb links/rechts spielen play inside left/right;
    durch half-done, underdone, half-cooked; Steak: medium;
    halb verfault rotting;
    halb durchsichtig translucent;
    es war mir nur halb bewusst I was only half aware of it;
    wild umg it’s not as bad as all that ( oder as we etc thought)
    3. besonders umg half; (fast) auch nearly, almost; (so gut wie) auch virtually;
    halb blind nearly blind, partially blind;
    halb blind vor Tränen half blinded by tears;
    halb tot vor Angst half dead with fear;
    halb erfroren/verdurstet half frozen/parched;
    halb erhaben (in) half relief;
    halb erwachsen almost grown-up;
    halb erwachsene Kinder auch teenage children;
    halb reif half-ripe;
    halb verhungert starving;
    ich bin halb erfroren I’m nearly frozen to death;
    wir sind da drin halb erstickt we nearly suffocated in there;
    sich halb totlachen (nearly) kill o.s. laughing;
    das ist ja halb geschenkt that’s more or less a gift;
    damit war die Sache schon halb gewonnen that was half the battle;
    ich wünsche halb, dass … I half wish (that) …;
    ich dachte mir schon halb … I half suspected, I had a feeling …
    4. Fußball: → halblink…, halbrecht… etc
    * * *
    1.
    Adjektiv u. Bruchz
    1) half

    eine halbe Stunde/ein halber Meter/ein halbes Glas — half an hour/a metre/a glass

    zum halben Preis — [at] half price

    halb Europa/die halbe Welt — half of Europe/half the world

    5 Minuten vor/nach halb — 25 [minutes] past/to; s. auch Weg 4)

    2) (unvollständig, vermindert)

    die halbe Wahrheit — half [of] or part of the truth

    nichts Halbes und nichts Ganzes [sein] — [be] neither one thing nor the other

    [noch] ein halbes Kind sein — be hardly or scarcely more than a child

    2.
    1)

    halb voll/leer — half-full/-empty

    halb lachend, halb weinend — half laughing, half crying

    halb gar/angezogen/wach/offen/fertig — half-done or -cooked/half dressed/half-awake/half-open/half-finished

    halb links/rechts — (Fußball) [at] inside left/right

    halb blind/verhungert/tot — half blind/starved/dead

    halb und halb — (ugs.) more or less

    * * *
    adj.
    half adj.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > halb

  • 33 Philosophy

       And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)
       Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)
       As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)
       It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)
       Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)
       I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)
       What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.
       This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).
       The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....
       Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)
       8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science
       In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)
       Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....
       Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)
       In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy

  • 34 Д-222

    ПОМИНАТЬ/ПОМЯНУТЬ (ВСПОМИНАТЬ/ ВСПОМНИТЬ) ДОБРОМ (ДОБРЫМ СЛОВОМ) кого-что VP subj: human obj: usu. human) when remembering s.o. or sth., to say or recall good things about him or it
    X поминал Y-a добрым словом - X had a kind word for person Y
    X had a kind word to say about person Y X had nice (only good) things to say about Y X remembered person Y kindly (with a kind word) X remembered Y fondly X spoke kindly (fondly) of person Y X had fond memories of Y.
    «Стойте! Неужто вы желаете помянуть добрым словом Обломова?» (Набоков 1). "Stop right there! Don't tell me you have a kind word for Oblomov..." (1a).
    Нигде так пышно не справляются поминки, как в Грузии: угощают всю улицу, чтобы добром поминали покойника, а потом каждый год опять пьют вино возле могилы (Аллилуева 2). Nowhere are wakes so sumptuous as in Georgia: they treat the entire street, so that the deceased may be kindly remembered, and every year thereafter they drink wine around the grave (2a).
    (Астров:) Сел я, закрыл глаза — вот этак, и думаю: те, которые будут жить через сто-двести лет после нас и для которых мы теперь пробиваем дорогу, помянут ли нас добрым словом? (Чехов 3). (A.:) I sat down, shut my eyes—just like this-and started to think: people who live a hundred or a couple of hundred years after us, and for whom we are now clearing the way, will they remember us with a kind word? (3e).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-222

  • 35 вспоминать вспоминать добрым словом

    • ПОМИНАТЬ/ПОМЯНУТЬ <ВСПОМИНАТЬ/ВСПОМНИТЬ> ДОБРОМ < ДОБРЫМ СЛОВОМ> кого-что
    [VP; subj: human; obj: usu. human]
    =====
    ⇒ when remembering s.o. or sth., to say or recall good things about him or it:
    - X had nice < only good> things to say about Y;
    - X had fond memories of Y.
         ♦ "Стойте! Неужто вы желаете помянуть добрым словом Обломова?" (Набоков 1). "Stop right there! Don't tell me you have a kind word for Oblomov..." (1a).
         ♦ Нигде так пышно не справляются поминки, как в Грузии: угощают всю улицу, чтобы добром поминали покойника, а потом каждый год опять пьют вино возле могилы (Аллилуева 2). Nowhere are wakes so sumptuous as in Georgia: they treat the entire street, so that the deceased may be kindly remembered; and every year thereafter they drink wine around the grave (2a).
         ♦ [Астров:] Сел я, закрыл глаза - вот этак, и думаю: те, которые будут жить через сто-двести лет после нас и для которых мы теперь пробиваем дорогу, помянут ли нас добрым словом? (Чехов 3). [A.:] I sat down, shut my eyes - just like this-and started to think: people who live a hundred or a couple of hundred years after us, and for whom we are now clearing the way, will they remember us with a kind word? (3e).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вспоминать вспоминать добрым словом

  • 36 вспоминать добром

    • ПОМИНАТЬ/ПОМЯНУТЬ <ВСПОМИНАТЬ/ВСПОМНИТЬ> ДОБРОМ < ДОБРЫМ СЛОВОМ> кого-что
    [VP; subj: human; obj: usu. human]
    =====
    ⇒ when remembering s.o. or sth., to say or recall good things about him or it:
    - X had nice < only good> things to say about Y;
    - X had fond memories of Y.
         ♦ "Стойте! Неужто вы желаете помянуть добрым словом Обломова?" (Набоков 1). "Stop right there! Don't tell me you have a kind word for Oblomov..." (1a).
         ♦ Нигде так пышно не справляются поминки, как в Грузии: угощают всю улицу, чтобы добром поминали покойника, а потом каждый год опять пьют вино возле могилы (Аллилуева 2). Nowhere are wakes so sumptuous as in Georgia: they treat the entire street, so that the deceased may be kindly remembered; and every year thereafter they drink wine around the grave (2a).
         ♦ [Астров:] Сел я, закрыл глаза - вот этак, и думаю: те, которые будут жить через сто-двести лет после нас и для которых мы теперь пробиваем дорогу, помянут ли нас добрым словом? (Чехов 3). [A.:] I sat down, shut my eyes - just like this-and started to think: people who live a hundred or a couple of hundred years after us, and for whom we are now clearing the way, will they remember us with a kind word? (3e).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вспоминать добром

  • 37 вспоминать добрым словом

    • ПОМИНАТЬ/ПОМЯНУТЬ <ВСПОМИНАТЬ/ВСПОМНИТЬ> ДОБРОМ < ДОБРЫМ СЛОВОМ> кого-что
    [VP; subj: human; obj: usu. human]
    =====
    ⇒ when remembering s.o. or sth., to say or recall good things about him or it:
    - X had nice < only good> things to say about Y;
    - X had fond memories of Y.
         ♦ "Стойте! Неужто вы желаете помянуть добрым словом Обломова?" (Набоков 1). "Stop right there! Don't tell me you have a kind word for Oblomov..." (1a).
         ♦ Нигде так пышно не справляются поминки, как в Грузии: угощают всю улицу, чтобы добром поминали покойника, а потом каждый год опять пьют вино возле могилы (Аллилуева 2). Nowhere are wakes so sumptuous as in Georgia: they treat the entire street, so that the deceased may be kindly remembered; and every year thereafter they drink wine around the grave (2a).
         ♦ [Астров:] Сел я, закрыл глаза - вот этак, и думаю: те, которые будут жить через сто-двести лет после нас и для которых мы теперь пробиваем дорогу, помянут ли нас добрым словом? (Чехов 3). [A.:] I sat down, shut my eyes - just like this-and started to think: people who live a hundred or a couple of hundred years after us, and for whom we are now clearing the way, will they remember us with a kind word? (3e).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вспоминать добрым словом

  • 38 вспомнить добром

    • ПОМИНАТЬ/ПОМЯНУТЬ <ВСПОМИНАТЬ/ВСПОМНИТЬ> ДОБРОМ < ДОБРЫМ СЛОВОМ> кого-что
    [VP; subj: human; obj: usu. human]
    =====
    ⇒ when remembering s.o. or sth., to say or recall good things about him or it:
    - X had nice < only good> things to say about Y;
    - X had fond memories of Y.
         ♦ "Стойте! Неужто вы желаете помянуть добрым словом Обломова?" (Набоков 1). "Stop right there! Don't tell me you have a kind word for Oblomov..." (1a).
         ♦ Нигде так пышно не справляются поминки, как в Грузии: угощают всю улицу, чтобы добром поминали покойника, а потом каждый год опять пьют вино возле могилы (Аллилуева 2). Nowhere are wakes so sumptuous as in Georgia: they treat the entire street, so that the deceased may be kindly remembered; and every year thereafter they drink wine around the grave (2a).
         ♦ [Астров:] Сел я, закрыл глаза - вот этак, и думаю: те, которые будут жить через сто-двести лет после нас и для которых мы теперь пробиваем дорогу, помянут ли нас добрым словом? (Чехов 3). [A.:] I sat down, shut my eyes - just like this-and started to think: people who live a hundred or a couple of hundred years after us, and for whom we are now clearing the way, will they remember us with a kind word? (3e).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вспомнить добром

  • 39 вспомнить добрым словом

    • ПОМИНАТЬ/ПОМЯНУТЬ <ВСПОМИНАТЬ/ВСПОМНИТЬ> ДОБРОМ < ДОБРЫМ СЛОВОМ> кого-что
    [VP; subj: human; obj: usu. human]
    =====
    ⇒ when remembering s.o. or sth., to say or recall good things about him or it:
    - X had nice < only good> things to say about Y;
    - X had fond memories of Y.
         ♦ "Стойте! Неужто вы желаете помянуть добрым словом Обломова?" (Набоков 1). "Stop right there! Don't tell me you have a kind word for Oblomov..." (1a).
         ♦ Нигде так пышно не справляются поминки, как в Грузии: угощают всю улицу, чтобы добром поминали покойника, а потом каждый год опять пьют вино возле могилы (Аллилуева 2). Nowhere are wakes so sumptuous as in Georgia: they treat the entire street, so that the deceased may be kindly remembered; and every year thereafter they drink wine around the grave (2a).
         ♦ [Астров:] Сел я, закрыл глаза - вот этак, и думаю: те, которые будут жить через сто-двести лет после нас и для которых мы теперь пробиваем дорогу, помянут ли нас добрым словом? (Чехов 3). [A.:] I sat down, shut my eyes - just like this-and started to think: people who live a hundred or a couple of hundred years after us, and for whom we are now clearing the way, will they remember us with a kind word? (3e).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вспомнить добрым словом

  • 40 добрым словом

    • ПОМИНАТЬ/ПОМЯНУТЬ <ВСПОМИНАТЬ/ВСПОМНИТЬ> ДОБРОМ < ДОБРЫМ СЛОВОМ> кого-что
    [VP; subj: human; obj: usu. human]
    =====
    ⇒ when remembering s.o. or sth., to say or recall good things about him or it:
    - X поминал Y-а добрым словом≈ X had a kind word for person Y;
    - X had nice < only good> things to say about Y;
    - X had fond memories of Y.
         ♦ "Стойте! Неужто вы желаете помянуть добрым словом Обломова?" (Набоков 1). "Stop right there! Don't tell me you have a kind word for Oblomov..." (1a).
         ♦ Нигде так пышно не справляются поминки, как в Грузии: угощают всю улицу, чтобы добром поминали покойника, а потом каждый год опять пьют вино возле могилы (Аллилуева 2). Nowhere are wakes so sumptuous as in Georgia: they treat the entire street, so that the deceased may be kindly remembered; and every year thereafter they drink wine around the grave (2a).
         ♦ [Астров:] Сел я, закрыл глаза - вот этак, и думаю: те, которые будут жить через сто-двести лет после нас и для которых мы теперь пробиваем дорогу, помянут ли нас добрым словом? (Чехов 3). [A.:] I sat down, shut my eyes - just like this-and started to think: people who live a hundred or a couple of hundred years after us, and for whom we are now clearing the way, will they remember us with a kind word? (3e).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > добрым словом

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