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  • 21 BIOS

    ['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)
    What is BIOS?
    BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.
    The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
    The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.
    Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.
    For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:
    What is firmware?
    Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.
    Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.
    Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.
    What is the difference between memory and disk storage?
    Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.
    The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.
    Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.
    Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.
    Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.
    What is RAM?
    RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.
    New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.
    If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.
    RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.
    When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.
    Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.
    What is ROM?
    ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.
    Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.
    Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.
    What is an ACPI BIOS?
    ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.
    ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.
    In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.
    What is CMOS?
    CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:
    http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.html
    Most commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.
    How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?
    Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.
    You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:
    Press F2 to enter Setup
    Many newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.
    Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.
    On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.
    Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.
    What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?
    Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.
    The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.
    CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS.

    English-Albanian dictionary > BIOS

  • 22 Psychoanalysis

       [Psychoanalysis] seeks to prove to the ego that it is not even master in its own house, but must content itself with scanty information of what is going on unconsciously in the mind. (Freud, 1953-1974, Vol. 16, pp. 284-285)
       Although in the interview the analyst is supposedly a "passive" auditor of the "free association" narration by the subject, in point of fact the analyst does direct the course of the narrative. This by itself does not necessarily impair the evidential worth of the outcome, for even in the most meticulously conducted laboratory experiment the experimenter intervenes to obtain the data he is after. There is nevertheless the difficulty that in the nature of the case the full extent of the analyst's intervention is not a matter that is open to public scrutiny, so that by and large one has only his own testimony as to what transpires in the consulting room. It is perhaps unnecessary to say that this is not a question about the personal integrity of psychoanalytic practitioners. The point is the fundamental one that no matter how firmly we may resolve to make explicit our biases, no human being is aware of all of them, and that objectivity in science is achieved through the criticism of publicly accessible material by a community of independent inquirers.... Moreover, unless data are obtained under carefully standardized circumstances, or under different circumstances whose dependence on known variables is nevertheless established, even an extensive collection of data is an unreliable basis for inference. To be sure, analysts apparently do attempt to institute standard conditions for the conduct of interviews. But there is not much information available on the extent to which the standardization is actually enforced, or whether it relates to more than what may be superficial matters. (E. Nagel, 1959, pp. 49-50)
       3) No Necessary Incompatibility between Psychoanalysis and Certain Religious Formulations
       here would seem to be no necessary incompatibility between psychoanalysis and those religious formulations which locate God within the self. One could, indeed, argue that Freud's Id (and even more Groddeck's It), the impersonal force within which is both the core of oneself and yet not oneself, and from which in illness one become[s] alienated, is a secular formation of the insight which makes religious people believe in an immanent God. (Ryecroft, 1966, p. 22)
       Freudian analysts emphasized that their theories were constantly verified by their "clinical observations."... It was precisely this fact-that they always fitted, that they were always confirmed-which in the eyes of their admirers constituted the strongest argument in favour of these theories. It began to dawn on me that this apparent strength was in fact their weakness.... It is easy to obtain confirmations or verifications, for nearly every theory-if we look for confirmation. (Popper, 1968, pp. 3435)
       5) Psychoanalysis Is Not a Science But Rather the Interpretation of a Narrated History
       Psychoanalysis does not satisfy the standards of the sciences of observation, and the "facts" it deals with are not verifiable by multiple, independent observers.... There are no "facts" nor any observation of "facts" in psychoanalysis but rather the interpretation of a narrated history. (Ricoeur, 1974, p. 186)
       6) Some of the Qualities of a Scientific Approach Are Possessed by Psychoanalysis
       In sum: psychoanalysis is not a science, but it shares some of the qualities associated with a scientific approach-the search for truth, understanding, honesty, openness to the import of the observation and evidence, and a skeptical stance toward authority. (Breger, 1981, p. 50)
       [Attributes of Psychoanalysis:]
       1. Psychic Determinism. No item in mental life and in conduct and behavior is "accidental"; it is the outcome of antecedent conditions.
       2. Much mental activity and behavior is purposive or goal-directed in character.
       3. Much of mental activity and behavior, and its determinants, is unconscious in character. 4. The early experience of the individual, as a child, is very potent, and tends to be pre-potent over later experience. (Farrell, 1981, p. 25)
       Our sceptic may be unwise enough... to maintain that, because analytic theory is unscientific on his criterion, it is not worth discussing. This step is unwise, because it presupposes that, if a study is not scientific on his criterion, it is not a rational enterprise... an elementary and egregious mistake. The scientific and the rational are not co-extensive. Scientific work is only one form that rational inquiry can take: there are many others. (Farrell, 1981, p. 46)
       Psychoanalysts have tended to write as though the term analysis spoke for itself, as if the statement "analysis revealed" or "it was analyzed as" preceding a clinical assertion was sufficient to establish the validity of what was being reported. An outsider might easily get the impression from reading the psychoanalytic literature that some standardized, generally accepted procedure existed for both inference and evidence. Instead, exactly the opposite has been true. Clinical material in the hands of one analyst can lead to totally different "findings" in the hands of another. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 128)
       The analytic process-the means by which we arrive at psychoanalytic understanding-has been largely neglected and is poorly understood, and there has been comparatively little interest in the issues of inference and evidence. Indeed, psychoanalysts as a group have not recognized the importance of being bound by scientific constraints. They do not seem to understand that a possibility is only that-a possibility-and that innumerable ways may exist to explain the same data. Psychoanalysts all too often do not seem to distinguish hypotheses from facts, nor do they seem to understand that hypotheses must be tested in some way, that criteria for evidence must exist, and that any given test for any hypothesis must allow for the full range of substantiation/refutation. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 129)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychoanalysis

  • 23 see

    see [si:]
    (pt saw [sɔ:], pp seen [si:n])
    ∎ can you see me? est-ce que tu me vois?;
    ∎ I can't see a thing je ne vois rien;
    ∎ she could see a light in the distance elle voyait une lumière au loin;
    ∎ I could see she'd been crying je voyais qu'elle avait pleuré;
    ∎ he saw her talk or talking to the policeman il l'a vue parler ou qui parlait au policier;
    ∎ did anyone see you take it? est-ce que quelqu'un t'a vu le prendre?;
    ∎ did you see what happened? avez-vous vu ce qui s'est passé?;
    ∎ let me see your hands fais-moi voir ou montre-moi tes mains;
    ∎ now see what you've done! regarde ce que tu as fait!;
    ∎ can I see your newspaper a minute? puis-je voir votre journal ou jeter un coup d'œil sur votre journal un instant?;
    ∎ I see her around a lot je la croise assez souvent;
    ∎ I don't want to be seen with him je ne veux pas être vu ou qu'on me voie avec lui;
    ∎ there wasn't a car to be seen il n'y avait pas une seule voiture en vue;
    ∎ the cathedral can be seen from a long way off on voit la cathédrale de très loin;
    ∎ nothing more was ever seen of her on ne l'a plus jamais revue;
    ∎ it has to be seen to be believed il faut le voir pour le croire;
    ∎ she began to see spies everywhere elle s'est mise à voir des espions partout;
    ∎ there's nothing there, you're seeing things! il n'y a rien, tu as des hallucinations!;
    ∎ I could see what was going to happen (a mile off) je le voyais venir (gros comme une maison);
    ∎ familiar they saw you coming (a mile off) ils t'ont vu arriver de loin;
    ∎ could you see your way (clear) to lending me £20? est-ce que vous pourriez me prêter 20 livres?;
    ∎ to see the back or last of sth en avoir fini avec qch;
    ∎ I'll be glad to see the back or last of her je serai content d'être débarrassé d'elle
    (b) (watch → movie, play, programme) voir;
    ∎ I saw it on the news je l'ai vu au journal télévisé;
    ∎ did you see the match last night? as-tu vu le match hier soir?
    (c) (refer to → page, chapter) voir;
    ∎ see page 317 voir page 317;
    ∎ see above voir plus haut;
    ∎ see (on) the back voir au verso
    (d) (consult → doctor, lawyer) consulter, voir;
    ∎ you should see a doctor tu devrais voir ou consulter un médecin;
    ∎ I'll be seeing my lawyer about this je vais consulter mon avocat à ce sujet;
    ∎ I'll be seeing the candidates next week je verrai les candidats la semaine prochaine;
    ∎ I want to see the manager je veux voir le directeur;
    ∎ can I see you for a minute in my office? je peux vous voir un instant dans mon bureau?;
    ∎ I'd like to see you on business je voudrais vous parler affaires
    (e) (meet by chance) voir, rencontrer;
    ∎ guess who I saw at the supermarket! devine qui j'ai vu ou qui j'ai rencontré au supermarché!
    (f) (visit → person, place) voir;
    ∎ come round and see me some time passe me voir un de ces jours;
    ∎ they came to see me in hospital ils sont venus me voir à l'hôpital;
    ∎ I've always wanted to see China j'ai toujours voulu voir la Chine
    (g) (receive a visit from) recevoir, voir;
    ∎ he's too ill to see anyone il est trop malade pour voir qui que ce soit;
    ∎ she can't see you right now, she's busy elle ne peut pas vous recevoir ou voir maintenant, elle est trop occupée
    ∎ do you still see the Browns? est-ce que vous voyez toujours les Brown?;
    ∎ we've seen quite a lot of them recently nous les avons beaucoup vus dernièrement;
    ∎ we see less of them these days nous les voyons moins en ce moment;
    ∎ is he seeing anyone at the moment? (going out with) est-ce qu'il a quelqu'un en ce moment?
    ∎ see you!, (I'll) be seeing you! salut!;
    ∎ see you later! à tout à l'heure!;
    ∎ see you around! à un de ces jours!;
    ∎ see you tomorrow! à demain!;
    ∎ see you in London! on se verra à Londres!
    (j) (understand) voir, comprendre;
    ∎ I see what you mean je vois ou comprends ce que vous voulez dire;
    ∎ I don't see what's so funny! je ne vois pas ce qu'il y a de si drôle!;
    ∎ he can't see the joke il ne comprend pas la plaisanterie;
    ∎ I could see his point je voyais ce qu'il voulait dire;
    ∎ I don't see any point in going back now je ne vois pas du tout l'intérêt qu'il y aurait à y retourner maintenant;
    ∎ I can see why you were worried je vois pourquoi vous étiez inquiet;
    ∎ I can't see that it matters je ne vois pas quelle importance ça a
    (k) (consider, view) voir;
    ∎ try to see things from my point of view essayez de voir les choses de mon point de vue;
    ∎ we see things differently nous ne voyons pas les choses de la même façon;
    ∎ you'll see things differently in the morning demain tu verras les choses d'un autre œil;
    ∎ that's how I see it c'est comme ça que je vois les choses;
    ∎ he doesn't see his drinking as a problem il ne se considère pas comme un alcoolique;
    ∎ how do you see the current situation? que pensez-vous de la situation actuelle?;
    ∎ as I see it, it's the parents who are to blame à mon avis, ce sont les parents qui sont responsables
    (l) (envisage, picture) voir, s'imaginer;
    ∎ I can't see him getting married je ne le vois pas ou je ne me l'imagine pas se mariant;
    ∎ I can't see them accepting this je ne peux pas croire qu'ils vont accepter cela;
    ∎ I can't see you as a boxer je ne te vois pas en boxeur;
    ∎ she just couldn't see herself as a wife and mother elle ne s'imaginait pas se mariant et ayant des enfants;
    ∎ I can't see it myself je n'y crois pas trop;
    ∎ they say this will be more efficient but I don't see it ils disent que cela sera plus efficace, mais je n'y crois pas;
    ∎ I don't see any chance of that à mon avis c'est peu probable;
    ∎ can I borrow the car? - I don't see why not est-ce que je peux prendre la voiture? - je n'y vois pas d'inconvénients;
    ∎ will you finish in time? - I don't see why not vous aurez fini à temps? - il n'y a pas de raison;
    ∎ what do you see happening next? d'après vous, qu'est-ce qui va se passer ensuite?;
    ∎ how do you see things developing? comment est-ce que vous envisagez l'avenir?
    ∎ I'll see if I can fix it je vais voir si je peux le réparer;
    ∎ I'll see what I can do je vais voir ce que je peux faire;
    ∎ go and see if he's still asleep va voir s'il dort encore;
    ∎ she called by to see what had happened elle est venue pour savoir ce qui s'était passé
    (n) (perceive) voir;
    ∎ I can't see any improvement je ne vois pas d'amélioration;
    ∎ to see oneself in one's children se reconnaître dans ses enfants;
    ∎ what can she possibly see in him? qu'est-qu'elle peut bien lui trouver?;
    ∎ they must have seen how worried I was ils ont dû voir combien j'étais inquiet
    (o) (discover, learn) voir;
    ∎ I'm pleased to see you're enjoying life je suis heureux de voir que tu profites de la vie;
    ∎ I'll be interested to see how he gets on je serais curieux de voir comment il se débrouillera;
    ∎ I see (that) he's getting married j'ai appris qu'il allait se marier;
    ∎ I saw it in the paper this morning je l'ai vu ou lu ce matin dans le journal;
    ∎ as we shall see in a later chapter comme nous le verrons dans un chapitre ultérieur;
    ∎ I see she's in the new Scorsese movie je vois qu'elle est dans le nouveau film de Scorsese
    (p) (make sure) s'assurer, veiller à;
    ∎ see that all the lights are out before you leave assurez-vous que ou veillez à ce que toutes les lumières soient éteintes avant de partir;
    ∎ see that everything's ready for when they arrive veillez à ce que tout soit prêt pour leur arrivée;
    ∎ I shall see that he comes je me charge de le faire venir;
    ∎ familiar she'll see you right elle veillera à ce que tu ne manques de rien□, elle prendra bien soin de toi□
    (q) (inspect → file, passport, ticket) voir;
    ∎ can I see your ticket, sir? puis-je voir votre ticket, Monsieur?
    (r) (experience) voir, connaître;
    ∎ he thinks he's seen it all il croit tout savoir;
    ∎ most recruits never see active service la plupart des recrues ne voient jamais la guerre de près;
    ∎ our car has seen better days notre voiture a connu des jours meilleurs;
    ∎ the city hasn't seen such crowds in decades la ville n'a pas connu une foule pareille depuis des dizaines d'années;
    ∎ the country saw many changes le pays a connu de grands changements
    (s) (witness) voir;
    ∎ they have seen their purchasing power halved ils ont vu leur pouvoir d'achat diminuer de moitié;
    ∎ last year saw an increase in profits l'année dernière a vu une augmentation des bénéfices;
    ∎ the next decade will see enormous changes la prochaine décennie verra se produire des changements considérables;
    ∎ I never thought I'd see the day when he'd admit he was wrong je n'aurais jamais cru qu'un jour il admettrait avoir tort;
    ∎ you don't see athletes like her any more! il n'y a plus beaucoup d'athlètes comme elle!
    (t) (accompany) accompagner;
    ∎ I'll see you to the bus stop je t'accompagne à ou jusqu'à l'arrêt du bus;
    ∎ I'll see you home je te raccompagne chez toi;
    ∎ see Mr Smith to the door, please veuillez raccompagner M. Smith jusqu'à la porte;
    ∎ he saw her into a taxi/onto the train il l'a mise dans un taxi/le train;
    ∎ to see sb across the road aider qn à traverser la rue
    (u) (in poker) voir;
    ∎ I'll see you je vous vois;
    ∎ I'll see your $10 and raise you 20 je vous suis à 10 dollars et je relance de 20
    ∎ I can't see without (my) glasses je ne vois rien sans mes lunettes;
    ∎ he may never see again il se peut qu'il ne voie plus jamais;
    ∎ on a clear day you can see as far as the coast par temps clair on voit jusqu'à la mer;
    ∎ you can see for miles around la vue s'étend sur des kilomètres;
    ∎ cats can see in the dark les chats voient dans l'obscurité;
    ∎ I haven't quite finished - so I see je n'ai pas tout à fait terminé - c'est ce que je vois;
    ∎ to see into the future voir ou lire dans l'avenir;
    ∎ she can't see any further than the end of her nose elle ne voit pas plus loin que le bout de son nez;
    ∎ for all to see au vu et au su de tous
    (b) (look) voir;
    ∎ can I see? je peux voir?;
    ∎ let me see!, let's see! fais voir!;
    ∎ see for yourself voyez par vous-même;
    ∎ familiar see! I told you he wouldn't let us down tu vois! je t'avais dit qu'il ne nous laisserait pas tomber
    (c) (find out) voir;
    ∎ is that the baby crying? - I'll go and see c'est le bébé qu'on entend pleurer? - je vais voir;
    ∎ you'll see! tu verras!;
    ∎ we shall see nous verrons (bien);
    ∎ we'll soon see on le saura vite;
    ∎ we'll soon see if… on saura vite si…
    (d) (understand) voir, comprendre;
    ∎ it makes no difference as far as I can see autant que je puisse en juger, ça ne change rien;
    ∎ you see, there's something else you should know tu vois, il y a quelque chose d'autre que tu devrais savoir;
    ∎ I was tired, you see, and… j'étais fatigué, voyez-vous, et…;
    ∎ I see je vois;
    ∎ familiar I don't want any trouble, see? je ne veux pas d'histoires, OK?;
    ∎ familiar old-fashioned now see here, young man! écoutez-moi, jeune homme!
    ∎ let me or let's see voyons voir;
    ∎ it was, let me see, in 1938 c'était, voyons (voir), en 1938;
    ∎ Mum said you'd take us to the fair - we'll see Maman a dit que tu nous amènerais à la foire - on verra (ça)
    3 noun
    Religion (of bishop) siège m épiscopal, évêché m; (of archbishop) archevêché m
    (a) (deal with) s'occuper de;
    ∎ I'll see about making the reservations je m'occuperai des réservations;
    ∎ they're sending someone to see about the gas ils envoient quelqu'un pour vérifier le gaz
    (b) (consider) voir;
    ∎ I'll see about it je verrai ça;
    ∎ we'll have to see about getting a new car il va falloir songer à acheter une nouvelle voiture;
    ∎ familiar they won't let us in - we'll (soon) see about that! ils ne veulent pas nous laisser entrer - c'est ce qu'on va voir!
    ➲ see in
    (a) (escort) faire entrer
    ∎ to see in the New Year fêter le Nouvel An
    voir à l'intérieur;
    ∎ the curtains were drawn, so we couldn't see in les rideaux étaient tirés, nous ne pouvions pas voir à l'intérieur
    (a) (say goodbye to) dire au revoir à;
    ∎ she came to see me off at the station elle est venue à la gare me dire au revoir
    (b) (chase away) chasser;
    ∎ see him off! (to dog) chasse-le!
    (c) (repel → attack) repousser
    (a) (accompany to the door) reconduire ou raccompagner à la porte;
    ∎ can you see yourself out? pouvez-vous trouver la sortie tout seul?;
    ∎ goodbye, I'll see myself out au revoir, ce n'est pas la peine de me raccompagner
    ∎ I'll see another year out here then go home je vais passer une autre année ici puis je rentrerai;
    ∎ we've got enough food to see the week out nous avons assez à manger pour tenir jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;
    ∎ I don't think these boots will see the winter out je ne crois pas que ces bottes feront l'hiver;
    ∎ he isn't expected to see out the week il y a peu de chances qu'il survive jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;
    ∎ he'll see us all out! (will survive us) il nous enterrera tous!
    ∎ to see out the Old Year fêter le Nouvel An
    visiter;
    ∎ they came to see round the house ils sont venus pour visiter la maison
    (a) (window, fabric) voir à travers
    (b) (be wise to → person) percer à jour, voir dans le jeu de; (→ trick, scheme, behaviour) ne pas se laisser tromper par;
    ∎ I saw through him je l'ai percé à jour, j'ai vu dans son jeu;
    ∎ she saw through his apparent cheerfulness elle ne s'est pas laissée tromper par ou elle n'a pas été dupe de son apparente bonne humeur;
    ∎ I saw through their little game j'ai vite compris leur petit jeu
    (a) (bring to a successful end) mener à bonne fin;
    ∎ we can count on her to see the job through on peut compter sur elle pour mener l'affaire à bien
    ∎ to see a show/film through assister à un spectacle/regarder un film jusqu'au bout
    (c) (support, sustain)
    ∎ I've got enough money to see me through the week j'ai assez d'argent pour tenir jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;
    ∎ £20 should see me through (to Monday) 20 livres devraient me suffire (jusqu'à lundi);
    ∎ their love has seen them through many a crisis leur amour les a aidés à surmonter de nombreuses crises;
    ∎ her good humour will always see her through any difficulties sa bonne humeur lui permettra toujours de traverser les moments difficiles
    (a) (look after) s'occuper de;
    ∎ I'll see to the dinner je m'occuperai du dîner;
    ∎ I'll see to it je vais m'en occuper, je m'en charge;
    ∎ see to it that everything's ready by 5 p.m. veillez à ce que tout soit prêt pour 17 heures;
    ∎ she saw to it that our picnic was ruined elle a fait en sorte de gâcher notre pique-nique
    (b) (repair) réparer;
    ∎ you should get the brakes seen to tu devrais faire réparer les freins

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > see

  • 24 so

    Ⅰ.
    so1 [səʊ]
    si ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) tellement ⇒ 1 (a) tant ⇒ 1 (a) aussi ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (e) ainsi ⇒ 1 (f) donc ⇒ 2 (a) alors ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (d)-(f) pour que ⇒ 2 (b), 4 de même ⇒ 2 (c) environ ⇒ 3 pour ⇒ 5
    (a) (to such an extent → before adjective or adverb) si, tellement; (→ with verb) tellement;
    ∎ it's so easy c'est si ou tellement facile;
    ∎ I'm so glad to see you ça me fait tellement plaisir ou je suis si content de te voir;
    ∎ he can be so irritating at times il est tellement énervant par moments;
    ∎ she makes me so angry elle a le don de me mettre en colère;
    ∎ I've never been so surprised in all my life jamais de ma vie je n'avais eu une surprise pareille ou une telle surprise;
    ∎ I have never seen so beautiful a sight je n'ai jamais rien vu d'aussi beau;
    ∎ she was so shocked (that) she couldn't speak elle était tellement choquée qu'elle ne pouvait pas parler;
    ∎ the problem was so complex (that) it baffled even the experts le problème était si ou tellement complexe que même les experts ne comprenaient pas;
    ∎ his handwriting's so bad (that) it's illegible il écrit si mal que c'est impossible à lire;
    ∎ he's so rich that he doesn't know what he's worth il est riche au point d'ignorer le montant de sa fortune;
    ∎ she so detests him or she detests him so that she won't even speak to him elle le hait au point de refuser ou elle le déteste tellement qu'elle refuse de lui parler;
    ∎ he was upset, so much so that he cried il était bouleversé, à tel point qu'il en a pleuré;
    ∎ would you be so kind as to carry my case? auriez-vous l'amabilité ou la gentillesse de porter ma valise?;
    ∎ is it so very hard to say you're sorry? est-ce si difficile de demander pardon?;
    ∎ you mustn't worry so il ne faut pas te faire du souci comme ça;
    ∎ I loved her so (much) je l'aimais tant;
    ∎ you do exaggerate so! tu exagères tellement!;
    ∎ we so enjoyed ourselves nous nous sommes tellement amusés;
    ∎ I wish he wouldn't go on so j'aimerais qu'il arrête de radoter
    ∎ I'm not so sure je n'en suis pas si sûr;
    ∎ it's not so bad, there's only a small stain ça n'est pas si grave que ça, il n'y a qu'une petite tache;
    ∎ the young and the not so young les jeunes et les moins jeunes;
    ∎ he's not so handsome as his father/as all that il n'est pas aussi beau que son père/si beau que ça;
    ∎ he was not so ill (that) he couldn't go out il n'était pas malade au point de ne pas pouvoir sortir;
    ∎ she wouldn't be so stupid as to do that elle ne serait pas bête au point de faire cela, elle ne serait pas assez bête pour faire cela
    (c) (indicating an unspecified size, amount)
    ∎ the table is about so high/wide la table est haute/large comme ça à peu près;
    ∎ a little girl so high une petite fille grande comme ça
    (d) (referring to previous statement, question, word etc)
    ∎ I believe/think/suppose so je crois/pense/suppose (que oui);
    ∎ I don't believe/think so je ne crois/pense pas;
    ∎ I don't suppose so je suppose que non;
    ∎ he's clever - do you think so? il est intelligent - vous trouvez?;
    ∎ I hope so (answering question) j'espère que oui; (agreeing) j'espère bien, je l'espère;
    ∎ I'm afraid so j'en ai bien peur, je le crains;
    ∎ who says so? qui dit ça?;
    ∎ I told you so! je vous l'avais bien dit!;
    ∎ if so si oui;
    ∎ how/why so? comment/pourquoi cela?;
    ∎ perhaps so peut-être bien;
    ∎ quite so tout à fait, exactement;
    ∎ so I believe/see c'est ce que je crois/vois;
    ∎ so I've been told/he said c'est ce qu'on m'a dit/qu'il a dit;
    ∎ is she really ill? - so it seems elle est donc vraiment malade? - à ce qu'il paraît;
    ∎ I'm not very organized - so I see! je ne suis pas très organisé - c'est ce que je vois!;
    ∎ is that so? vraiment?;
    ∎ that is so c'est vrai, c'est exact;
    ∎ if that is so si c'est le cas, s'il en est ainsi;
    ∎ that being so (as this is the case) puisqu'il en est ainsi; (should this prove the case) dans ces conditions;
    ∎ isn't that Jane over there? - why, so it is! ce ne serait pas Jane là-bas? - mais si (c'est elle)!;
    ∎ he was told to leave the room and did so immediately on lui a ordonné de quitter la pièce et il l'a fait immédiatement;
    ∎ she was furious and understandably/and justifiably so elle était furieuse et ça se comprend/et c'est normal;
    ∎ the same only more so tout autant sinon plus;
    ∎ he's very sorry - so he should be! il est désolé - c'est la moindre des choses ou j'espère bien!;
    ∎ he thinks he can do it - so he can il pense qu'il peut le faire - en effet il le peut;
    ∎ so help me God! que Dieu me vienne en aide!;
    ∎ archaic or humorous so be it! soit!, qu'il en soit ainsi!;
    ∎ familiar I can so! si, je peux!□ ;
    ∎ familiar I didn't say that! - you did so! je n'ai pas dit ça! - si, tu l'as dit!□
    (e) (likewise) aussi;
    ∎ I had brought food, and so had they j'avais apporté de quoi manger et eux aussi;
    ∎ we arrived early and so did he nous sommes arrivés tôt et lui aussi;
    ∎ if he can do it, then so can I s'il peut le faire, alors moi aussi;
    ∎ my shoes are Italian and so is my shirt mes chaussures sont italiennes et ma chemise aussi
    (f) (like this, in such a way) ainsi;
    ∎ hold the pen (like) so tenez le stylo ainsi ou comme ceci;
    ∎ any product so labelled is guaranteed lead-free tous les produits portant cette étiquette sont garantis sans plomb;
    ∎ the laptop computer is so called because… l'ordinateur lap-top tient son nom de…;
    ∎ the helmet is so constructed as to absorb most of the impact le casque est conçu de façon à amortir le choc;
    ∎ it (just) so happens that… il se trouve (justement) que… + indicative;
    ∎ she likes everything (to be) just so elle aime que tout soit parfait;
    ∎ it has to be positioned just so or it won't go in il faut le mettre comme ça sinon ça n'entre pas
    (a) (therefore) donc, alors;
    ∎ the door was open, so I went in la porte était ouverte, alors je suis entré;
    ∎ she has a bad temper, so be careful elle a mauvais caractère, donc faites attention
    (b) (indicating purpose) pour que + subjunctive, afin que + subjunctive;
    ∎ give me some money so I can buy some sweets donne-moi de l'argent pour que je puisse acheter des bonbons
    ∎ as 3 is to 6, so 6 is to 12 le rapport entre 6 et 12 est le même qu'entre 3 et 6;
    ∎ as he has lived so will he die il mourra comme il a vécu
    ∎ so then she left alors elle est partie;
    ∎ and so to bed! et maintenant au lit!;
    ∎ and so we come to the next question et maintenant nous en venons à la question suivante;
    ∎ so what's the problem? alors, qu'est-ce qui ne va pas?;
    ∎ so we can't go after all donc nous ne pouvons plus y aller;
    ∎ so, what do we do? eh bien, qu'est-ce qu'on fait?
    ∎ so you're Anna's brother! alors (comme ça) vous êtes le frère d'Anna?;
    ∎ so that's why she didn't phone! alors c'est pour ça qu'elle n'a pas téléphoné!;
    ∎ so there you are! vous voilà donc!;
    ∎ so publish it! eh bien ou alors allez-y, publiez-le!;
    ∎ esp American so long! au revoir!
    ∎ so I'm late, who cares? je suis en retard, et alors, qu'est-ce que ça peut faire?;
    ∎ so it costs a lot of money, we can afford it ça coûte cher, et alors? on peut se le permettre;
    ∎ so? et alors?, et après?;
    ∎ he'll be angry - so what? il va se fâcher! - qu'est-ce que ça peut (me) faire ou et alors?;
    ∎ so what if she does find out? qu'est-ce que ça peut faire si elle s'en rend compte?
    environ, à peu près;
    ∎ it costs £5 or so ça coûte environ 5 livres;
    ∎ there were thirty or so people il y avait trente personnes environ ou à peu près, il y avait une trentaine de personnes
    familiar pour que□ + subjunctive, afin que□ + subjunctive;
    ∎ give me some money so as I can buy some sweets donne-moi de l'argent pour que je puisse acheter des bonbons
    pour, afin de;
    ∎ she went to bed early so as not to be tired next day elle s'est couchée tôt afin de ou pour ne pas être fatiguée le lendemain
    (a) (in order that) pour que + subjunctive, afin que + subjunctive;
    ∎ they tied him up so that he couldn't escape ils l'ont attaché afin qu'il ou pour qu'il ne s'échappe pas;
    ∎ I took a taxi so that I wouldn't be late j'ai pris un taxi pour ou afin de ne pas être en retard
    (b) (with the result that) si bien que + indicative, de façon à ce que + subjunctive;
    ∎ she didn't eat enough, so that in the end she fell ill elle ne mangeait pas assez, de telle sorte ou si bien qu'elle a fini par tomber malade;
    ∎ the crates had fallen over so that we couldn't get past comme les caisses étaient tombées, nous n'avons pas pu passer
    pour ainsi dire
    Ⅱ.
    so2
    Music sol m inv

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > so

  • 25 Concepts

       From a psychological perspective, concepts are mental representations of classes (e.g., one's beliefs about the class of dogs or tables), and their most salient function is to promote cognitive economy.... By partitioning the world into classes, we decrease the amount of information we must perceive, learn, remember, communicate, and reason about. Thus, if we had no concepts, we would have to refer to each individual entity by its own name; every different table, for example, would be denoted by a different word. The mental lexicon required would be so enormous that communication as we know it might be impossible. Other mental functions might collapse under the sheer number of entities we would have to keep track of.
       Another important function of concepts is that they enable us to go beyond the information given.... When we come across an object, say a wolf, we have direct knowledge only of its appearance. It is essential that we go beyond appearances and bring to bear other knowledge that we have, such as our belief that wolves can bite and inflict severe injury. Concepts are our means of linking perceptual and nonperceptual information. We use a perceptual description of the creature in front of us to access the concept wolf and then use our nonperceptual beliefs to direct our behavior, that is, run. Concepts, then, are recognition devices; they serve as entry points into our knowledge stores and provide us with expectations that we can use to guide our actions.
       A third important function of concepts is that they can be combined to form complex concepts and thoughts. Stoves and burn are two simple concepts; Stoves can burn is a full-fledged thought. Presumably our understanding of this thought, and of complex concepts in general, is based on our understanding of the constituent concepts. (Smith, 1988, pp. 19-20)
       The concept may be a butterfly. It may be a person he has known. It may be an animal, a city, a type of action, or a quality. Each concept calls for a name. These names are wanted for what may be a noun or a verb, an adjective or an adverb. Concepts of this type have been formed gradually over the years from childhood on. Each time a thing is seen or heard or experienced, the individual has a perception of it. A part of that perception comes from his own concomitant interpretation. Each successive perception forms and probably alters the permanent concept. And words are acquired gradually, also, and deposited somehow in the treasure-house of word memory.... Words are often acquired simultaneously with the concepts.... A little boy may first see a butterfly fluttering from flower to flower in a meadow. Later he sees them on the wing or in pictures, many times. On each occasion he adds to his conception of butterfly.
       It becomes a generalization from many particulars. He builds up a concept of a butterfly which he can remember and summon at will, although when he comes to manhood, perhaps, he can recollect none of the particular butterflies of past experience.
       The same is true of the sequence of sound that makes up a melody. He remembers it after he has forgotten each of the many times he heard or perhaps sang or played it. The same is true of colours. He acquires, quite quickly, the concept of lavender, although all the objects of which he saw the colour have faded beyond the frontier of voluntary recall. The same is true of the generalization he forms of an acquaintance. Later on he can summon his concept of the individual without recalling their many meetings. (Penfield, 1959, pp. 228-229)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Concepts

  • 26 money

    ['mʌnɪ]
    n
    деньги, денежные средства

    He never has any money. — Он всегда без денег.

    He would do anything for money. — Он все сделает за деньги.

    I haven't got that much money. — У меня нет таких денег.

    To have money to burn. To roll in money. — ◊ Денег - куры не клюют.

    Easily earned money is quickly spent. — ◊ Легко нажито, легко прожито.

    Money makes money. — ◊ Деньги делают деньги. /Деньги к деньгам идут.

    Not to be had for love or/and money. — ◊ Не купить ни за любовь, ни за деньги. /Ни за что на свете не купишь.

    Time is money. — ◊ Время - деньги.

    Money is the root of all evil. — ◊ Деньги - корень всех зол.

    Money doesn't grow on trees. — ◊ Деньги на улице не валяются.

    - pocket money
    - well-earned money
    - ill-gotten money
    - ready money
    - good money
    - paper money
    - dirty money
    - fat money
    - honest money
    - forged money
    - money-lender
    - money devaluation
    - money market
    - money famine
    - rest of the money
    - much lot of money
    - lack of money
    - borrow money from smb
    - lend money to smb
    - owe money to smb
    - invest money into smth
    - throw money
    - throw money to the winds
    - deposit money at a bank
    - put money for a rainy day
    - embezzle smb's money
    - save money
    - advance money
    - loan money
    - exchange American money into French money
    - count out the money
    - collect money on delivery
    - cost much
    - collect money from smb for smth
    - advance money at low interest
    - buy smth with money
    - pay money for smth
    - have enough money to buy smth
    - have enough money to pay smth
    - pay money in advance
    ASSOCIATIONS AND IMAGERY:
    Значение существительного money вызывает образ съедаемой пищи и использования каких-либо ресурсов, что проявляется в значении ряда слов и словосочетаний: They didn't get a fair share/slice of cake/pie. Они от этого пирога не получили своей справедливой доли. The fees have swallowed most of my grant. Взносы поглотили большую часть гранта. The rent takes a large bite out of their income. На оплату ренты уходит бо́льшая доля их дохода. This ate into our savings. Это съело существенную часть наших сбережений. The richest nations ate up/devoured the world's resources. Самые богатые страны/нации поглотили мировые ресурсы/запасы. The government said the treasury was bare. Правительство заявило, что казна пуста́. We have to make do with scraps from their table. Нам приходится довольствоваться объедками с их стола
    USAGE:
    Существительное money, в отличие от соответствующего русского существительного деньги, имеет форму только единственного числа, согласуется с глаголом в форме единственного числа и никогда не употребляется с неопределенным артиклем. Как и остальные неисчисляемые существительные, money сочетается со словами some, any, much, little. В эту группу существительных входят: applause - аплодисменты, cream - сливки, hair - волосы, luggage - вещи/багаж, twilight - сумерки, machinery - механизмы и т. д..

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > money

  • 27 show

    show [ʃəʊ]
    démonstration ⇒ 1 (a) semblant ⇒ 1 (a) ostentation ⇒ 1 (a) spectacle ⇒ 1 (b) émission ⇒ 1 (b) exposition ⇒ 1 (c) foire ⇒ 1 (c) montrer ⇒ 2 (a)-(c), 2 (e), 2 (f) présenter ⇒ 2 (a) exposer ⇒ 2 (a) faire preuve de ⇒ 2 (b) marquer ⇒ 2 (d) indiquer ⇒ 2 (d), 2 (f) enregistrer ⇒ 2 (h) passer ⇒ 2 (i), 3 (b) se voir ⇒ 3 (a)
    (pt showed, pp shown [ʃəʊn])
    1 noun
    (a) (demonstration, display) démonstration f, manifestation f; (pretence) semblant m, simulacre m; (ostentation) ostentation f, parade f;
    ∎ a show of strength/unity une démonstration de force/d'unité;
    ∎ a show of hands un vote à main levée;
    ∎ she put on a show of indifference elle a fait semblant d'être indifférente;
    ∎ to make a show of being angry faire semblant ou faire mine d'être fâché;
    ∎ to make a great show of friendship faire de grandes démonstrations d'amitié;
    ∎ show of generosity affectation f de générosité;
    ∎ it's all a show ce n'est qu'une façade;
    ∎ he always makes such a show of his knowledge il faut toujours qu'il fasse étalage de ses connaissances;
    ∎ the metal strips are just for show les bandes métalliques ont une fonction purement décorative
    (b) Theatre spectacle m; Television & Radio émission f;
    ∎ to go to a show aller au spectacle;
    ∎ we went to a restaurant after the show nous sommes allés au restaurant après le spectacle;
    ∎ variety show émission f de variétés;
    ∎ the show must go on le spectacle continue; figurative il faut continuer;
    ∎ figurative let's get this show on the road! allez, c'est parti ou on y va!;
    ∎ to make a show of oneself se donner en spectacle
    (c) (exhibition) exposition f; (trade fair) foire f, salon m;
    ∎ have you been to the Picasso show? avez-vous visité l'exposition Picasso?;
    ∎ to be on show être exposé;
    ∎ I dislike most of the paintings on show je n'aime pas la plupart des tableaux exposés;
    ∎ the agricultural/motor show le salon de l'agriculture/de l'auto
    (d) familiar (business, affair) affaire□ f;
    ∎ she planned and ran the whole show c'est elle qui a tout organisé et qui s'est occupée de tout□ ;
    ∎ it's up to you, it's your show c'est à toi de décider□, c'est toi le chef
    (e) (performance) performance f, prestation f;
    ∎ the team put up a good show l'équipe s'est bien défendue;
    ∎ it's a pretty poor show when your own mother forgets your birthday c'est un peu triste que ta propre mère oublie ton anniversaire;
    ∎ old-fashioned (jolly) good show, Henry! bravo, Henry!
    (a) (display, present → gen) montrer, faire voir; (→ passport, ticket) présenter; (exhibit → work of art, prize, produce) exposer;
    ∎ to show sth to sb, to show sb sth montrer qch à qn;
    ∎ show me your presents fais-moi voir ou montre-moi tes cadeaux;
    ∎ you have to show your pass/your ticket on the way in il faut présenter son laissez-passer/son billet à l'entrée;
    ∎ you're showing a lot of leg this evening! tu es habillée bien court ce soir!;
    ∎ that dress shows everything she's got cette robe ne cache pas grand-chose;
    ∎ a TV screen shows what's happening in the next room un écran de télévision permet de voir ce qui se passe dans la pièce d'à côté;
    ∎ some of the drawings have never been shown in Europe before quelques-uns des dessins n'ont jamais été exposés en Europe auparavant;
    ∎ to show one's wares étaler ses marchandises;
    ∎ this jacket/colour really shows the dirt cette veste/couleur est vraiment salissante;
    ∎ come out from behind there and show yourself! sortez de là-derrière et montrez-vous!;
    ∎ if he ever shows himself or his face round here again, I'll kill him! si jamais il se montre encore par ici, je le tue!;
    ∎ to have sth to show for one's money en avoir pour son argent;
    ∎ I had very little to show for my efforts mes efforts n'avaient donné que peu de résultats;
    ∎ three months' work, and what have we got to show for it? trois mois de travail, et qu'est-ce que cela nous a rapporté?
    (b) (reveal → talent, affection, readiness, reluctance) montrer, faire preuve de;
    ∎ she never shows any emotion elle ne laisse jamais paraître ou ne montre jamais ses sentiments;
    ∎ to show itself (emotion, tendency) se manifester;
    ∎ she showed herself more than willing to join in elle s'est montrée plus que prête à participer;
    ∎ she showed herself to be a hard worker elle s'est révélée ou avérée dure à la tâche;
    ∎ to show a preference for sth manifester une préférence pour qch;
    ∎ to show a taste for sth témoigner d'un goût pour qch;
    ∎ they will be shown no mercy ils seront traités sans merci;
    ∎ the audience began to show signs of restlessness le public a commencé à s'agiter;
    ∎ the situation is showing signs of improvement la situation semble être en voie d'amélioration;
    ∎ to show one's age faire son âge
    (c) (prove) montrer, démontrer, prouver;
    ∎ first I shall show that Greenham's theory cannot be correct je démontrerai d'abord que la théorie de Greenham ne peut être juste;
    ∎ it just shows the strength of public opposition to the plan cela montre à quel point le public est opposé à ce projet;
    ∎ it just goes to show that nothing's impossible c'est la preuve que rien n'est impossible;
    ∎ it just goes to show what you can do if you work hard cela montre ou c'est la preuve de ce que l'on peut faire en travaillant dur;
    ∎ which only or all goes to show that… ce qui prouve que… + indicative
    (d) (register → of instrument, dial, clock) marquer, indiquer;
    ∎ the thermometer shows a temperature of 20°C le thermomètre indique 20°C
    (e) (represent, depict) montrer, représenter;
    ∎ this photo shows him at the age of seventeen cette photo le montre à l'âge de dix-sept ans;
    ∎ the picture shows three figures le tableau représente trois personnes
    (f) (point out, demonstrate) montrer, indiquer;
    ∎ show me how to do it montrez-moi comment faire;
    ∎ to show (sb) the way montrer le chemin (à qn);
    ∎ figurative to show the way donner l'exemple;
    ∎ the government has very much shown the way with its green policies le gouvernement a bien donné l'exemple avec sa politique écologique;
    ∎ familiar I'll show you! tu vas voir!
    (g) (escort, accompany)
    ∎ let me show you to your room je vais vous montrer votre chambre;
    ∎ will you show this gentleman to the door? veuillez reconduire Monsieur à la porte;
    ∎ an usherette showed us to our seats une ouvreuse nous a conduits à nos places;
    ∎ to show sb into a room introduire ou faire entrer qn dans une pièce
    (h) (profit, loss) enregistrer;
    ∎ prices show a 10 percent increase on last year les prix sont en hausse ou ont augmenté de 10 pour cent par rapport à l'an dernier
    (i) (put on → film, TV programme) passer;
    ∎ the film has never been shown on television le film n'est jamais passé à la télévision;
    ∎ as shown on TV (on packaging, sign) vu à la télé
    (j) Computing (files, records) afficher
    (a) (be visible → gen) se voir; (→ petticoat) dépasser;
    ∎ she doesn't like him, and it shows elle ne l'aime pas, et ça se voit;
    ∎ a patch of sky showed through a hole in the roof on voyait un pan de ciel à travers un trou dans le toit;
    ∎ she lets her feelings show too much elle laisse trop voir ses sentiments;
    ∎ it shows in your face cela se voit ou se lit sur votre visage;
    ∎ fear showed in his eyes la peur se lisait dans ses yeux;
    ∎ their tiredness is beginning to show ils commencent à donner des signes de fatigue;
    ∎ it doesn't show ça ne se voit pas, on ne dirait pas;
    ∎ ah well, it just or all goes to show! eh oui, c'est la vie!
    (b) (be on → film, TV programme) passer
    (c) British (in a vote) lever la main;
    ∎ all those in favour please show que tous ceux qui sont pour lèvent la main
    (d) familiar (turn up) arriver□, se pointer;
    ∎ British he didn't show il n'est pas venu□
    ►► show house maison f témoin;
    show jumper (rider) cavalier(ère) m,f (participant à des concours de saut d'obstacle); (horse) sauteur m;
    show jumping jumping m, concours m de saut d'obstacles;
    Law show trial procès m à grand spectacle
    faire visiter;
    ∎ to show sb around the town faire visiter ou faire voir la ville à qn;
    ∎ my secretary will show you around (the factory) ma secrétaire va vous faire visiter (l'usine);
    ∎ we were shown around the house on nous a fait visiter la maison
    faire entrer
    (a) (parade) faire étalage de;
    ∎ to show off one's skill/culture faire étalage de son savoir-faire/sa culture;
    ∎ he only came to show off his new girlfriend/car il n'est venu que pour exhiber sa nouvelle petite amie/voiture;
    ∎ she came in to show off her new baby elle est venue faire admirer son nouveau-né
    (b) (set off) mettre en valeur;
    ∎ wearing white shows off a tan porter du blanc met le bronzage en valeur;
    ∎ the black background shows off the colours nicely le fond noir fait bien ressortir les couleurs;
    ∎ coat that shows off the figure well manteau m qui marque ou dessine bien la taille
    faire l'intéressant(e), frimer;
    ∎ to show off in front of sb chercher à épater qn;
    ∎ stop showing off! arrête de faire l'intéressant!;
    ∎ you don't have to drive that fast, you're just showing off tu n'as pas besoin de conduire aussi vite, tu fais juste l'intéressant
    reconduire ou raccompagner (à la porte);
    ∎ it's okay, I'll show myself out inutile de vous déranger, je saurai retrouver le chemin (tout seul)
    se voir à travers;
    ∎ her knickers showed through her trousers sa culotte se voyait à travers son pantalon
    se voir (à travers), transparaître;
    ∎ the old paint still shows through l'ancienne peinture se voit encore à travers;
    ∎ her knickers showed through under her dress on voyait ses sous-vêtements au travers de sa robe
    ➲ show up
    (a) (unmask → impostor) démasquer;
    ∎ the investigation showed him up for the coward he is l'enquête a révélé sa lâcheté
    (b) (draw attention to → deficiency, defect) faire apparaître, faire ressortir;
    ∎ the poor results show up the deficiencies in the training programme les mauvais résultats font apparaître les défauts du programme de formation
    (c) (embarrass) faire honte à; (deliberately humiliate) humilier;
    ∎ you're always showing me up in public il faut toujours que tu me fasses honte en public
    (d) (escort upstairs) accompagner en haut
    (a) familiar (turn up, arrive) arriver□ ;
    ∎ only two of our guests have shown up seuls deux de nos invités sont arrivés;
    ∎ to fail to show up ne pas se présenter□ ;
    ∎ you're the boss, you really ought to show up tu es le patron, tu devrais vraiment y aller ou te montrer□
    (b) (be visible) se voir, ressortir;
    ∎ the dirt really shows up on a white carpet la saleté ressort ou se voit vraiment sur une moquette blanche;
    ∎ the difference is so slight it hardly shows up at all la différence est tellement minime qu'elle se remarque à peine

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > show

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