-
61 barbarolexis
barbărŏlexis, eos, f., = barbarolexis, the perversion of the form of a word, esp. the change or in flection of a Greek word according to Latin usage (while barbarismus is the erroneous pronunciation of a Latin word), Isid. Orig. 1, 31, 2 (in Charis. p. 237 P. used as Greek). -
62 C
C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb. -
63 c
C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb. -
64 ceratium
cĕrătĭum, ii, n., = keration (St. John's bread), a Greek weight corresponding to the Latin siliqua = 2. calculi, Auct. Ponder. in Goes. Agrar. p. 322 (in Col. 5, 10, 20, and Arb. 25, 1, written as Greek). -
65 Criumetopon
Crīūmĕtōpon, i, n., = Kriou metôpon (Ramsbrow), a promontory at the southern extremity of the Tauric Chersonesus, Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 86; 10, 23, 30, § 60;II.written as Greek,
Mel. 2, 1, 3.—A promontory at the southwestern point of Crete, now Cape Crio, Plin. 4, 12, 20, § 59;written as Greek,
Mel. 2, 7, 12. -
66 Dores
Dōres, um, m. (Gr. gen. pl. Dorieon, Vitr. 4, 1, 5), Dôrieis, the Dorians, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Fl. 27, 64; their progenitor, Dōrus, i, m., son of Hellen, Vitr. 4, 1; or of Neptune, acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 2, 27—II.Derivv.A.Dōrĭcus, a, um, adj., Doric:2.gens,
Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 7:genus (architecturae),
Vitr. 4, 6:aedes,
id. ib.:symmetria,
id. ib.:castra,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 34:dicta,
i. e. in the Doric dialect, Quint. 8, 3, 59 (al. adv. Dōrĭce dicta; so Suet. Tib. 56: Dorice Rhodii loquuntur); hence, also: Dorici, ōrum, m., those who speak Doric, Gell. 2, 26, 10.—Meton. for Grecian, Greek:B.castra,
Verg. A. 2, 27; 6, 88; Prop. 2, 8, 32 (2, 8, b. 16, M.):nox,
Val. Fl. 2, 573:ignes,
Sen. Agm. 611:Ancon,
Juv. 4, 40.—Dōrĭ-us, a, um, adj., Doric:C.carmen,
Hor. Epod. 9, 6; cf.moduli,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204:phthongus,
id. 2, 23, 20, § 84; and subst., Dōri-um, ii, n.:tibicen Dorium canebat bellicosum,
App. M. 10, p. 254, 23.—Dōrĭ-enses, ium, m., the Dorians, Just. 2, 6, 16. —D.Dōris, ĭdis, adj. fem., Doric:b.dialectos,
Suet. Tib. 56:Malea,
Luc. 9, 36:tellus,
i. e. Sicily, Sen. Herc. Fur. 81.—Subst.(α).A country in Hellas, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 7, 13, § 28; in Asia Minor, id. 5, 27, 29, § 103 sq.—(β).A daughter of Oceanus, wife of Nereus, and mother of fifty seanymphs, Ov. M. 2, 11; 269; Prop. 1, 17, 25;(γ).Hyg. Fab. praef.—Also,
wife of Dionysius I., Tyrant of Syracuse, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1.—Also, the name of a Greek girl, Juv. 3, 94; Prop. 4, 7, 72.— Meton., the sea, Verg. E. 10, 5; Ov. F. 4, 678; Stat. Silv. 3, 2, 89.— -
67 Doricus
Dōres, um, m. (Gr. gen. pl. Dorieon, Vitr. 4, 1, 5), Dôrieis, the Dorians, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Fl. 27, 64; their progenitor, Dōrus, i, m., son of Hellen, Vitr. 4, 1; or of Neptune, acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 2, 27—II.Derivv.A.Dōrĭcus, a, um, adj., Doric:2.gens,
Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 7:genus (architecturae),
Vitr. 4, 6:aedes,
id. ib.:symmetria,
id. ib.:castra,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 34:dicta,
i. e. in the Doric dialect, Quint. 8, 3, 59 (al. adv. Dōrĭce dicta; so Suet. Tib. 56: Dorice Rhodii loquuntur); hence, also: Dorici, ōrum, m., those who speak Doric, Gell. 2, 26, 10.—Meton. for Grecian, Greek:B.castra,
Verg. A. 2, 27; 6, 88; Prop. 2, 8, 32 (2, 8, b. 16, M.):nox,
Val. Fl. 2, 573:ignes,
Sen. Agm. 611:Ancon,
Juv. 4, 40.—Dōrĭ-us, a, um, adj., Doric:C.carmen,
Hor. Epod. 9, 6; cf.moduli,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204:phthongus,
id. 2, 23, 20, § 84; and subst., Dōri-um, ii, n.:tibicen Dorium canebat bellicosum,
App. M. 10, p. 254, 23.—Dōrĭ-enses, ium, m., the Dorians, Just. 2, 6, 16. —D.Dōris, ĭdis, adj. fem., Doric:b.dialectos,
Suet. Tib. 56:Malea,
Luc. 9, 36:tellus,
i. e. Sicily, Sen. Herc. Fur. 81.—Subst.(α).A country in Hellas, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 7, 13, § 28; in Asia Minor, id. 5, 27, 29, § 103 sq.—(β).A daughter of Oceanus, wife of Nereus, and mother of fifty seanymphs, Ov. M. 2, 11; 269; Prop. 1, 17, 25;(γ).Hyg. Fab. praef.—Also,
wife of Dionysius I., Tyrant of Syracuse, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1.—Also, the name of a Greek girl, Juv. 3, 94; Prop. 4, 7, 72.— Meton., the sea, Verg. E. 10, 5; Ov. F. 4, 678; Stat. Silv. 3, 2, 89.— -
68 Dorienses
Dōres, um, m. (Gr. gen. pl. Dorieon, Vitr. 4, 1, 5), Dôrieis, the Dorians, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Fl. 27, 64; their progenitor, Dōrus, i, m., son of Hellen, Vitr. 4, 1; or of Neptune, acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 2, 27—II.Derivv.A.Dōrĭcus, a, um, adj., Doric:2.gens,
Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 7:genus (architecturae),
Vitr. 4, 6:aedes,
id. ib.:symmetria,
id. ib.:castra,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 34:dicta,
i. e. in the Doric dialect, Quint. 8, 3, 59 (al. adv. Dōrĭce dicta; so Suet. Tib. 56: Dorice Rhodii loquuntur); hence, also: Dorici, ōrum, m., those who speak Doric, Gell. 2, 26, 10.—Meton. for Grecian, Greek:B.castra,
Verg. A. 2, 27; 6, 88; Prop. 2, 8, 32 (2, 8, b. 16, M.):nox,
Val. Fl. 2, 573:ignes,
Sen. Agm. 611:Ancon,
Juv. 4, 40.—Dōrĭ-us, a, um, adj., Doric:C.carmen,
Hor. Epod. 9, 6; cf.moduli,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204:phthongus,
id. 2, 23, 20, § 84; and subst., Dōri-um, ii, n.:tibicen Dorium canebat bellicosum,
App. M. 10, p. 254, 23.—Dōrĭ-enses, ium, m., the Dorians, Just. 2, 6, 16. —D.Dōris, ĭdis, adj. fem., Doric:b.dialectos,
Suet. Tib. 56:Malea,
Luc. 9, 36:tellus,
i. e. Sicily, Sen. Herc. Fur. 81.—Subst.(α).A country in Hellas, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 7, 13, § 28; in Asia Minor, id. 5, 27, 29, § 103 sq.—(β).A daughter of Oceanus, wife of Nereus, and mother of fifty seanymphs, Ov. M. 2, 11; 269; Prop. 1, 17, 25;(γ).Hyg. Fab. praef.—Also,
wife of Dionysius I., Tyrant of Syracuse, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1.—Also, the name of a Greek girl, Juv. 3, 94; Prop. 4, 7, 72.— Meton., the sea, Verg. E. 10, 5; Ov. F. 4, 678; Stat. Silv. 3, 2, 89.— -
69 Doris
Dōres, um, m. (Gr. gen. pl. Dorieon, Vitr. 4, 1, 5), Dôrieis, the Dorians, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Fl. 27, 64; their progenitor, Dōrus, i, m., son of Hellen, Vitr. 4, 1; or of Neptune, acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 2, 27—II.Derivv.A.Dōrĭcus, a, um, adj., Doric:2.gens,
Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 7:genus (architecturae),
Vitr. 4, 6:aedes,
id. ib.:symmetria,
id. ib.:castra,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 34:dicta,
i. e. in the Doric dialect, Quint. 8, 3, 59 (al. adv. Dōrĭce dicta; so Suet. Tib. 56: Dorice Rhodii loquuntur); hence, also: Dorici, ōrum, m., those who speak Doric, Gell. 2, 26, 10.—Meton. for Grecian, Greek:B.castra,
Verg. A. 2, 27; 6, 88; Prop. 2, 8, 32 (2, 8, b. 16, M.):nox,
Val. Fl. 2, 573:ignes,
Sen. Agm. 611:Ancon,
Juv. 4, 40.—Dōrĭ-us, a, um, adj., Doric:C.carmen,
Hor. Epod. 9, 6; cf.moduli,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204:phthongus,
id. 2, 23, 20, § 84; and subst., Dōri-um, ii, n.:tibicen Dorium canebat bellicosum,
App. M. 10, p. 254, 23.—Dōrĭ-enses, ium, m., the Dorians, Just. 2, 6, 16. —D.Dōris, ĭdis, adj. fem., Doric:b.dialectos,
Suet. Tib. 56:Malea,
Luc. 9, 36:tellus,
i. e. Sicily, Sen. Herc. Fur. 81.—Subst.(α).A country in Hellas, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 7, 13, § 28; in Asia Minor, id. 5, 27, 29, § 103 sq.—(β).A daughter of Oceanus, wife of Nereus, and mother of fifty seanymphs, Ov. M. 2, 11; 269; Prop. 1, 17, 25;(γ).Hyg. Fab. praef.—Also,
wife of Dionysius I., Tyrant of Syracuse, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1.—Also, the name of a Greek girl, Juv. 3, 94; Prop. 4, 7, 72.— Meton., the sea, Verg. E. 10, 5; Ov. F. 4, 678; Stat. Silv. 3, 2, 89.— -
70 Dorium
Dōres, um, m. (Gr. gen. pl. Dorieon, Vitr. 4, 1, 5), Dôrieis, the Dorians, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Fl. 27, 64; their progenitor, Dōrus, i, m., son of Hellen, Vitr. 4, 1; or of Neptune, acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 2, 27—II.Derivv.A.Dōrĭcus, a, um, adj., Doric:2.gens,
Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 7:genus (architecturae),
Vitr. 4, 6:aedes,
id. ib.:symmetria,
id. ib.:castra,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 34:dicta,
i. e. in the Doric dialect, Quint. 8, 3, 59 (al. adv. Dōrĭce dicta; so Suet. Tib. 56: Dorice Rhodii loquuntur); hence, also: Dorici, ōrum, m., those who speak Doric, Gell. 2, 26, 10.—Meton. for Grecian, Greek:B.castra,
Verg. A. 2, 27; 6, 88; Prop. 2, 8, 32 (2, 8, b. 16, M.):nox,
Val. Fl. 2, 573:ignes,
Sen. Agm. 611:Ancon,
Juv. 4, 40.—Dōrĭ-us, a, um, adj., Doric:C.carmen,
Hor. Epod. 9, 6; cf.moduli,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204:phthongus,
id. 2, 23, 20, § 84; and subst., Dōri-um, ii, n.:tibicen Dorium canebat bellicosum,
App. M. 10, p. 254, 23.—Dōrĭ-enses, ium, m., the Dorians, Just. 2, 6, 16. —D.Dōris, ĭdis, adj. fem., Doric:b.dialectos,
Suet. Tib. 56:Malea,
Luc. 9, 36:tellus,
i. e. Sicily, Sen. Herc. Fur. 81.—Subst.(α).A country in Hellas, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 7, 13, § 28; in Asia Minor, id. 5, 27, 29, § 103 sq.—(β).A daughter of Oceanus, wife of Nereus, and mother of fifty seanymphs, Ov. M. 2, 11; 269; Prop. 1, 17, 25;(γ).Hyg. Fab. praef.—Also,
wife of Dionysius I., Tyrant of Syracuse, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1.—Also, the name of a Greek girl, Juv. 3, 94; Prop. 4, 7, 72.— Meton., the sea, Verg. E. 10, 5; Ov. F. 4, 678; Stat. Silv. 3, 2, 89.— -
71 Dorius
Dōres, um, m. (Gr. gen. pl. Dorieon, Vitr. 4, 1, 5), Dôrieis, the Dorians, Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8; id. Fl. 27, 64; their progenitor, Dōrus, i, m., son of Hellen, Vitr. 4, 1; or of Neptune, acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 2, 27—II.Derivv.A.Dōrĭcus, a, um, adj., Doric:2.gens,
Plin. 6, 2, 2, § 7:genus (architecturae),
Vitr. 4, 6:aedes,
id. ib.:symmetria,
id. ib.:castra,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 34:dicta,
i. e. in the Doric dialect, Quint. 8, 3, 59 (al. adv. Dōrĭce dicta; so Suet. Tib. 56: Dorice Rhodii loquuntur); hence, also: Dorici, ōrum, m., those who speak Doric, Gell. 2, 26, 10.—Meton. for Grecian, Greek:B.castra,
Verg. A. 2, 27; 6, 88; Prop. 2, 8, 32 (2, 8, b. 16, M.):nox,
Val. Fl. 2, 573:ignes,
Sen. Agm. 611:Ancon,
Juv. 4, 40.—Dōrĭ-us, a, um, adj., Doric:C.carmen,
Hor. Epod. 9, 6; cf.moduli,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204:phthongus,
id. 2, 23, 20, § 84; and subst., Dōri-um, ii, n.:tibicen Dorium canebat bellicosum,
App. M. 10, p. 254, 23.—Dōrĭ-enses, ium, m., the Dorians, Just. 2, 6, 16. —D.Dōris, ĭdis, adj. fem., Doric:b.dialectos,
Suet. Tib. 56:Malea,
Luc. 9, 36:tellus,
i. e. Sicily, Sen. Herc. Fur. 81.—Subst.(α).A country in Hellas, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 7, 13, § 28; in Asia Minor, id. 5, 27, 29, § 103 sq.—(β).A daughter of Oceanus, wife of Nereus, and mother of fifty seanymphs, Ov. M. 2, 11; 269; Prop. 1, 17, 25;(γ).Hyg. Fab. praef.—Also,
wife of Dionysius I., Tyrant of Syracuse, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1.—Also, the name of a Greek girl, Juv. 3, 94; Prop. 4, 7, 72.— Meton., the sea, Verg. E. 10, 5; Ov. F. 4, 678; Stat. Silv. 3, 2, 89.— -
72 Eudemus
Eudēmus, i, m., = Eudêmos, a Greek proper name, Cic. Div. 1, 25, 53.—Also a Greek physician, Tac. A. 4, 3 al. -
73 graecati
graecor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [Graeci], to imitate the Greeks, live in the Greek manner:si Romana fatigat Militia assuetum Graecari,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 11; cf.: congraecor, pergraecor.—Hence, * graecātus, a, um, P. a., made or composed in the Greek manner:graecatior epistola,
App. Mag. p.329.— Plur. as subst.: graecāti, ōrum, m., imitators of the Grecian mode of life, Tert. Pall. 4. -
74 graecatus
graecor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [Graeci], to imitate the Greeks, live in the Greek manner:si Romana fatigat Militia assuetum Graecari,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 11; cf.: congraecor, pergraecor.—Hence, * graecātus, a, um, P. a., made or composed in the Greek manner:graecatior epistola,
App. Mag. p.329.— Plur. as subst.: graecāti, ōrum, m., imitators of the Grecian mode of life, Tert. Pall. 4. -
75 Graecitas
Graecĭtas, ātis, f. [Graecus], Greek, the Greek language (post-class.): facundia Graecitatis, Cod. Th. 14, 9, 3. -
76 graecor
graecor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [Graeci], to imitate the Greeks, live in the Greek manner:si Romana fatigat Militia assuetum Graecari,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 11; cf.: congraecor, pergraecor.—Hence, * graecātus, a, um, P. a., made or composed in the Greek manner:graecatior epistola,
App. Mag. p.329.— Plur. as subst.: graecāti, ōrum, m., imitators of the Grecian mode of life, Tert. Pall. 4. -
77 Grai
Grāii or Grāi, ōrum ( gen. plur. Graium, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31; Lucr. 2, 600; 5, 405; 6, 754 et saep.), m., a less freq. and mostly poet. form for Graeci, the Grecians, Greeks: Musas quas Grai memorant, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll. (Ann. v. 2 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. (perh. Enn.) ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39:II.Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai,
Verg. A. 1, 467:est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt,
id. ib. 1, 530; cf. Lucr. 3, 100:Graiorum obscura reperta,
id. 1, 137:fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere jura,
Verg. A. 2, 157:de tot Graiorum millibus,
Ov. M. 13, 241.—In prose:si ut Graeci dicunt, omnes aut Graios esse aut barbaros, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 37; 2, 4, 9; 3, 9, 15; 6, 16; id. Inv. 2, 23, 70; id. N. D. 3, 21, 53.—In sing.: Grāius, i, m., a Greek, Verg. A. 3, 594; Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91; id. Inv. 1, 24, 35.—Deriv.: Grāius, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Grecian, Greek: navus repertus homo, Graio patre, Graius homo, rex, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 183); so,homo,
Lucr. 1, 66; Verg. A. 10, 720:gens,
Lucr. 3, 3:urbes,
Verg. A. 3, 295; 6, 97:jubae,
id. ib. 2, 412:nomen,
id. ib. 3, 210:Camena,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 38:Alpes,
the Grecian Alps, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 134:Alpium fores,
id. 3, 17, 21, § 123; v. Alpes;also called saltus,
Nep. Hann. 3, 4. -
78 Graii
Grāii or Grāi, ōrum ( gen. plur. Graium, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31; Lucr. 2, 600; 5, 405; 6, 754 et saep.), m., a less freq. and mostly poet. form for Graeci, the Grecians, Greeks: Musas quas Grai memorant, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll. (Ann. v. 2 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. (perh. Enn.) ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39:II.Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai,
Verg. A. 1, 467:est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt,
id. ib. 1, 530; cf. Lucr. 3, 100:Graiorum obscura reperta,
id. 1, 137:fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere jura,
Verg. A. 2, 157:de tot Graiorum millibus,
Ov. M. 13, 241.—In prose:si ut Graeci dicunt, omnes aut Graios esse aut barbaros, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 37; 2, 4, 9; 3, 9, 15; 6, 16; id. Inv. 2, 23, 70; id. N. D. 3, 21, 53.—In sing.: Grāius, i, m., a Greek, Verg. A. 3, 594; Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91; id. Inv. 1, 24, 35.—Deriv.: Grāius, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Grecian, Greek: navus repertus homo, Graio patre, Graius homo, rex, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 183); so,homo,
Lucr. 1, 66; Verg. A. 10, 720:gens,
Lucr. 3, 3:urbes,
Verg. A. 3, 295; 6, 97:jubae,
id. ib. 2, 412:nomen,
id. ib. 3, 210:Camena,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 38:Alpes,
the Grecian Alps, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 134:Alpium fores,
id. 3, 17, 21, § 123; v. Alpes;also called saltus,
Nep. Hann. 3, 4. -
79 H
H, h, the eighth letter of the Latin alphabet and the weakest guttural. The sign is borrowed from the Greek, in which H was the old form of the spiritus asper, corresp. to the Latin H-sound (HEKATON, hekaton, ÊOS, hos, etc.). Even some of the ancients doubted whether the Latin H was properly a letter:► The abbreviation HS.si H littera est, non nota,
Quint. 1, 5, 19; cf.:H litteram, sive illam spiritum magis quam litteram dici oportet, etc.,
Gell. 2, 3, 1. Before the fall of the republic, the sound of H before vowels became so weak that it was frequently omitted in writing; and this weakness became more marked in many words in the time of the empire; cf.: aheneus and aeneus; cohors and coörs; prehendo and prendo; vehemens and vemens, etc. (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 96 sqq.).As an initial and medial, H may be combined with any vowel, but the orthography, in this respect, was inconstant: thus we have herus and erus; honus, honera, and onus, onera; harundo and arundo; and even hac for ac (Inscr. Orell. 23); aruspex and haruspex; ercisco, erctum, and hercisco, herctum; aheneus and aëneus; Annibal and Hannibal; Adria and Hadria, etc.; v. Gell. l. l.—As a sign for the aspiration of the consonants c, p, r, and t (as in Greek the aspirates ch, ph, th were originally designated by KH, HH, TH), H first came into use in the seventh century of Rome; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160; and v. the letter C.— Medial h is often dropped.—As a final, h occurs only in the interjections ah and vah.In the formation of words, h was changed into c before t, as tractum from traho; vectum from veho; and coalesced with s into x, as traxi, vexi; cf. also onyx from onych-s; v. the letter X.As an abbreviation, H. denotes hic, haec, hoc, hujus, etc.; habet, heres, honor, etc. HH. heredes. H. AQ. hic acquiescit. H. B. M. heredes bene merenti. H. C. Hispania citerior or hic condiderunt. H. E. T. heres ex testamento. H. F. C. heres faciundum curavit. H. L. hunc locum. H. L. ET. M. H. N. S. hic locus et monumentum heredem non sequitur. H. M. S. D. M. hoc monumentum sine dolo malo. H. S. E. hic situs est. H. S. F. hoc sibi fecit, etc.; v. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 461 sq.for sestertium does not strictly belong here, because H is not the letter of that shape, but the numeral II. crossed; v. sestertius init. -
80 h
H, h, the eighth letter of the Latin alphabet and the weakest guttural. The sign is borrowed from the Greek, in which H was the old form of the spiritus asper, corresp. to the Latin H-sound (HEKATON, hekaton, ÊOS, hos, etc.). Even some of the ancients doubted whether the Latin H was properly a letter:► The abbreviation HS.si H littera est, non nota,
Quint. 1, 5, 19; cf.:H litteram, sive illam spiritum magis quam litteram dici oportet, etc.,
Gell. 2, 3, 1. Before the fall of the republic, the sound of H before vowels became so weak that it was frequently omitted in writing; and this weakness became more marked in many words in the time of the empire; cf.: aheneus and aeneus; cohors and coörs; prehendo and prendo; vehemens and vemens, etc. (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 96 sqq.).As an initial and medial, H may be combined with any vowel, but the orthography, in this respect, was inconstant: thus we have herus and erus; honus, honera, and onus, onera; harundo and arundo; and even hac for ac (Inscr. Orell. 23); aruspex and haruspex; ercisco, erctum, and hercisco, herctum; aheneus and aëneus; Annibal and Hannibal; Adria and Hadria, etc.; v. Gell. l. l.—As a sign for the aspiration of the consonants c, p, r, and t (as in Greek the aspirates ch, ph, th were originally designated by KH, HH, TH), H first came into use in the seventh century of Rome; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160; and v. the letter C.— Medial h is often dropped.—As a final, h occurs only in the interjections ah and vah.In the formation of words, h was changed into c before t, as tractum from traho; vectum from veho; and coalesced with s into x, as traxi, vexi; cf. also onyx from onych-s; v. the letter X.As an abbreviation, H. denotes hic, haec, hoc, hujus, etc.; habet, heres, honor, etc. HH. heredes. H. AQ. hic acquiescit. H. B. M. heredes bene merenti. H. C. Hispania citerior or hic condiderunt. H. E. T. heres ex testamento. H. F. C. heres faciundum curavit. H. L. hunc locum. H. L. ET. M. H. N. S. hic locus et monumentum heredem non sequitur. H. M. S. D. M. hoc monumentum sine dolo malo. H. S. E. hic situs est. H. S. F. hoc sibi fecit, etc.; v. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 461 sq.for sestertium does not strictly belong here, because H is not the letter of that shape, but the numeral II. crossed; v. sestertius init.
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