gesticulation

salto (once salĭto, Varr. L. L. 5, § 85 Müll., Salii a salitando), āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. n. and a. [2. salio], to dance (in the widest signif. of the word, including pantomime and gesticulation; mostly with a contemptuous accessory signif.).

Neutr.: vidi in his unum puerum bullatum, non minorem annis duodecim, cum crotalis saltare, quam saltationem impudicus servulus honeste saltare non posset, Scipio Afric. ap. Macr. S. 2, 10 (v. the whole chapter on this subject); cf. Cic. Pis. 10, 22; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Mur. 6, 13; id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

in foro (as an indecorum),

id. ib. 3, 19, 75:

quin scire velim saltare puellam,

Ov. A. A. 3, 349:

fac saltet,

id. R. Am. 334: Sa. Salta, saltabo ego simul. Ste. Siquidem mihi saltandum est, tum vos date, bibat, tibicini, Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; 5, 5, 16; cf.:

ad tibicinis modos (ludiones),

Liv. 7, 2:

tu inter eas restim ductans saltabis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 34:

negarem posse eum (sc. oratorem) satisfacere in gestu, nisi palaestram, nisi saltare didicisset,

Cic. de Or. 3, 22, 83: si vox est, canta;

si mollia bracchia, salta,

Ov. A. A. 1, 595; Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 14; id. Matt. 14, 6.—Prov.:

cecinimus vobis, et non saltastis,

Vulg. Matt. 11, 17; cf. Luc. 7, 32.— Impers. pass.:

cantatur ac saltatur per omnes gentes,

Quint. 2, 17, 10.—

Trop., of an orator, to speak in a jerking manner, i. e. in little clauses:

Hegesias dum imitari Lysiam vult, saltat incidens particulas,

Cic. Or. 67, 226.—

Act., to dance, i. e. to represent by dancing and gesticulation, to perform in pantomime a play or a part (not ante-Aug.):

pantomimus Mnester tragoediam saltavit, quam olim Neoptolemus tragoedus egerat,

Suet. Calig. 57; so,

pyrrhicham,

id. Caes. 39:

aliquam mimo saltante puellam,

Ov. A. A. 1, 501:

Cyclopa,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 63:

Glaucum,

Vell. 2, 83, 2:

Turnum Vergilii,

Suet. Ner. 54: odaria, to accompany [p. 1621] with dancing, Petr. 53, 11:

laudes alicujus,

Plin. Pan. 54, 1.— Pass.:

ficti saltantur amantes,

Ov. R. Am. 755:

saltata poëmata,

recited with an accompaniment of dancing, id. Tr. 2, 519; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 25:

plerique jactant cantari saltarique commentarios suos,

Tac. Or. 26:

saltatur Venus, saltatur et Magna Mater,

Arn. 4, n. 35.

* * *

* * *

actĭo, ōnis, f. [ago], a doing, performing, acting, action, act.

In gen.:

non modo deos spoliat motu et actione divina, sed etiam homines inertes efficit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37; 2, 16;

virtutis laus omnis in actione consistit,

id. Off. 1, 6; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54.—With subject. gen.:

ad eas res parandas, quibus actio vitae continetur,

active, practical life, id. Off. 1, 5:

corporis,

id. Div. 1, 32:

mentis,

id. N. D. 1, 17; and with object. gen.: itaque nec actio rerum illarum ( the public performance of those things) apertā petulantiā vacat, id. ib. 1, 35, 127; ib. 1, 43:

actio ullius rei,

id. Ac. 2, 33, 108; and so plur.: periculosae rerum actiones sunt, Off. 1, 2, 4;

hence: actio gratiarum,

the giving of thanks, id. Fam. 10, 19 (cf.: gratias agere).—

Esp.

Public functions, civil acts, proceedings, or duties.

In gen., Cic. Fam. 9, 8:

tribunorum,

their official duties, Liv. 5, 11; so,

consularis,

id. 4, 55 al.:

actiones nostras scriptis mandamus,

Cic. Off. 2, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—Hence negotiation, deliberation:

discessu consulum actio de pace sublata est,

Cic. Att. 9. 9.—Esp.

Of judicial proceedings.

An action, suit, process ( in abstr.), with a gen. more precisely defining it, e. g. actio furti, injuriarum; also with de:

actio de repetundis, de arboribus succisis, etc.: actionem alicui intendere,

Cic. Mil. 14:

instituere,

to bring an action against one, id. Mur. 9: multis actiones ( processes, suits) et res ( the property in suit) peribant, Liv. 39, 18 al.—

The accusation ( in concr.), the statement of the crime, the indictment, charge, accusation:

Inde illa actio, OPE CONSILIOQVE TVO FVRTVM AIO FACTVM ESSE,

Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74; cf. id. Caecin. 3; id. de Or. 1, 36, 167.—Hence, in gen., judicial forms (the omission of which rendered a suit null and void): actiones Manilianae, forms relative to purchase and sale; cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

Hostilianae,

ib. 1, 57, 245.—Hence,

A pleading of a case (spoken or written); so Cic. calls his Orats. against Verres, actiones, pleas, simply dividing them into actio prima and actio secunda:

actio causae,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 4;

actiones litium,

id. Phil. 9, 5, 11; so,

Suet. continuae actiones, Ner. 15: in prima parte actionis,

Quint. 10, 1, 20 al. —

Permission for a suit:

dare alicui actionem (which was the right or duty of the praetor or judge),

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27.—

The judicial management of a suit, the trial, the day of trial:

prima, altera, tertia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 30; 2, 2, 6.—

Of an orator; the exterior air or bearing, the action, delivery: Demosthenem ferunt ei qui quaesivisset quid primum esset in dicendo, actionem;

quid secundum, idem et idem tertium respondisse,

Cic. Brut. 38; cf. id. de Or. 1, 18;

so that it often includes even the voice: actio ejus (Pompeii) habebat et in voce magnum splendorem et in motu summam dignitatem,

id. Brut. 68; cf. id. Or. 17:

est actio quasi sermo corporis,

id. de Or. 3, 59; cf. ib. 2, 17 al.—Hence, also —

Of an actor, action:

in quo tanta commoveri actio non posset,

id. de Or. 3, 26.—

In dramatic lang., the action, the connection or series of events, the plot, in a play:

habet enim (fabula) varios actus multasque actiones et consiliorum et temporum,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 6.

gestus, a, um, Part., from gero.

gestus, ūs, m. [gero].

Lit. (the bearing, i. e. motion of the body, or of a part of the body, esp. of the hand or arm), carriage, posture, attitude, motion, gesture (class.; cf. actus).

In gen.:

gestum imitari,

Lucr. 4, 343; cf. ib. 367:

a forma removeatur omnis viro non dignus ornatus, et huic simile vitium in gestu motuque caveatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 36, 130:

nunc gestus mihi vultusque est capiundus novus,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50:

hoc quidem Zeno gestu conficiebat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 145:

gratificatur mihi gestu accusator,

id. Balb. 6, 14:

gestum manus Ceycis habebat,

Ov. M. 11, 673:

ab avium gestu gestuque,

motion, Suet. Aug. 7:

quo gestu gallina secetur,

Juv. 5, 124.— Plur.: nec flecti cervix nec brachia reddere gestus, Nec pes ire potest, Ov. M. 6, 308.—

In partic., a gesture, gesticulation of actors or orators according to the rules of art:

numquam agit hunc versum Roscius eo gestu, quo potest, sed abjicit prorsus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 102; cf. id. Quint. 24, 77:

gestus histrionis,

id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

convenit igitur in gestu nec venustatem conspiciendam nec turpitudinem esse, ne aut histriones aut operarii videamur esse,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26; cf.:

vox et gestus subito sumi et aliunde arripi non potest,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

omnis actio in duas partes divisa, vocem gestumque,

Quint. 11, 3, 14; id. 2, 59, 242:

tardiore et consideratiore gestu uti,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27: jactantior, Cael. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 51:

acer atque instans,

Quint. 11, 3, 92:

certus sed paulo productior,

id. ib.:

comicus magis quam oratorius,

id. ib. 125 et saep.— Plur.:

histrionum nonnulli gestus ineptiis non vacant,

Cic. Off. 1, 36, 130:

alterni,

Quint. 6, 3, 65:

breves,

id. 11, 3, 100: quae (concinnitas) verborum collocationem illuminat his luminibus, quae Graeci quasi aliquos gestus orationis schêmata appellant, Cic. Or. 25, 83; Quint. 9, 1, 13;

and without quasi,

Gell. 11, 13, 10:

Urbicus risum movet gestibus Autonoes,

Juv. 6, 72.—

(Acc. to gero, II. B. 3.) A management, administration (post-class.), Dig. 26, 10, 3, § 9; ib. 7, 23; ib. 5, § 2.

ĭmĭtor, ātus, 1 (archaic inf. pres. imitarier, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25; Lucr. 5, 1377), v. freq. a. dep. [root im-, cf. aemulus], to imitate.

To represent, to express, copy, portray (class.):

summum illum luctum penicillo,

to portray, Cic. Or. 22, 74; cf.:

oris (Coae Veneris) pulchritudo reliqui corporis imitandi spem auferebat,

id. Off. 3, 2, 10:

aut Ialysi aut Coae Veneris pulchritudinem,

id. Or. 2, 5; id. Brut. 18, 70:

chirographum,

id. N. D. 3, 30, 74; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

faber ungues Exprimet et molles imitabitur aere capillos,

Hor. A. P. 33; cf.:

argillā quidvis imitabitur udā,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 8:

hunc in persona lenonis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

populi speciem et nomen,

id. Rep. 3, 33:

antiquitatem,

id. Brut. 36, 137; cf.:

heroum veteres casus fictosque luctus imitari atque adumbrare dicendo,

id. de Or. 5, 47, 380:

imitans, ut est mos, facta et dicta vivi,

Suet. Vesp. 19:

sine imitandorum carminum actu ludiones,

not expressing by gesticulation, Liv. 7, 2, 4:

gaudia falsa,

Tib. 3, 6, 33; cf.

maestitiam,

Tac. A. 1, 24:

quaecumque (pictura) imitata figuram est,

Juv. 6, 341.— Poet.: putre solum imitamur arando, i. e. to make loose or friable, Verg. G. 2, 204:

robore duro Stipitibus ferrum sudibusque imitantur obustis,

replace, substitute, supply the place of, id. A. 11, 894:

pocula vitea fermento atque sorbis,

id. G. 3, 380; cf.:

diuturni mores consensu utentium comprobati legem imitantur,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 9. —

To imitate, to act like, copy after, seek to resemble, counterfeit something (so most freq.):

imitabor nepam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 7:

imitabor ergo Aratum, qui magnis de rebus dicere exordiens, a Jove incipiendum putat,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36; cf.:

imitor Archytam,

id. ib. 1, 38:

Platonem,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 10:

aliquem imitando effingere atque exprimere,

id. de Or. 2, 22, 90; cf.:

quem (eloquentem) si imitari atque exprimere non possumus,

id. Or. 5, 19:

quem postea imitati sunt multi, aequavit nemo,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 126:

ipsi sibi imitandi fuerunt,

Cic. Or. 53, 177:

qui maxime imitandus, et solus imitandus est,

Quint. 10, 2, 24; cf.:

tu mihi maxime imitabilis, maxime imitandus videbaris,

Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 4:

noster ille amicus, dignus huic ad imitandum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1 Mos.:

populi consuetudinem,

id. ib. 2, 20:

non dicam plura, ne, in quo te objurgem, id ipsum videar imitari,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 6:

in adeundis periculis consuetudo imitanda medicorum est,

id. Off. 1, 24, 83:

quod faciendum imitandumque est omnibus, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 19, 70:

factum praeclarum expositum ad imitandum,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

in qua (sc. domo) sollicitas imitatur janua portas,

resembles, Juv. 7, 42.

Act. form ĭmĭto, āre (anteclass.): si malos imitabo, Liv. Andr. ap. Non. 473, 22 (Fragm. Trag. v. 1 Rib.):

tuum opus nemo imitare potest,

Varr. ib. 21.—

ĭmĭtātus, a, um, in pass. signif.:

imitata et efficta simulacra,

Cic. Univ. 3, 6:

cum sint alii veri affectus, alii ficti et imitati,

Quint. 11, 3, 61:

nec abest imitata voluptas,

Ov. M. 9, 481; Avien. Fab. 5, 17.

mōtus, a, um, Part. and P. a., v. moveo fin. B.

mōtus, ūs, m. [moveo], a moving, motion (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

orbes, qui versantur contrario motu,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

deus motum dedit caelo,

id. Univ. 6:

natura omnia ciens et agitans motibus et mutationibus suis,

id. N. D. 3, 11, 27:

motus astrorum ignoro,

Juv. 3, 42.— Poet.:

futuri,

departure, Verg. A. 4, 297:

sub Aurorae primos excedere motus,

Luc. 4, 734:

crebri terrae,

i. e. earthquakes, Curt. 4, 4, 20; 8, 11, 2.—

In partic., artistic movement, gesticulation, dancing:

haud indecoros motus more Tusco dabant,

gesticulated, Liv. 7, 2:

Ionici,

dances, Hor. C. 3, 6, 21:

Cereri dare motūs,

to perform dances, dance, Verg. G 1, 350:

palaestrici,

the motions of wrestlers, Cic. Off. 1, 36, 130. —Of the gestures of an orator, Cic. Brut. 30, 116.—Of military movements, evolutions:

ut ad motūs concursūsque essent leviores,

Nep. Iph. 1, 4.—

Transf., a stage in the growth of a plant:

tres esse motūs in vite, seu potius in surculo, naturales: unum quo germinet: alterum quo floreat: tertium quo maturescat,

Col. 4, 28, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., of the mind or heart, a movement, operation, impulse, emotion, affection, passion, agitation, disturbance (syn.:

affectus, perturbatio): cum semper agitetur animus, nec principium motus habeat,

Cic. Sen. 21, 78:

motūs animorum duplices sunt, alteri cogitationis, alteri appetitūs,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130:

motūs animi nimii, i. e. perturbationes,

id. ib. 1, 38, 136:

mentis meae,

id. Att. 3, 8, 4:

animi motus et virtutis gloriam esse sempiternam,

id. Sest. 68, 143:

tres quae dulcem motum afferunt sensibus,

sensation, id. Fin. 2, 3, 10: Manto, divino concita motu, impulse, inspiration, Ov. M. 6, 158.—

In partic.

A political movement, sudden rising, tumult, commotion.

In a good sense: Italiae magnificentissimus ille motus, Cic. pro Dom. 56, 142.—

Rebellion, sedition:

omnes Catilinae motūs conatūsque prohibere,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:

motum afferre rei publicae,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

populi,

id. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

servilis,

a rising of the slaves, insurrection, Liv. 39, 29:

motum in re publicā non tantum impendere video, quantum tu aut vides, aut ad me consolandum affers,

a change, alteration, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 3.—

In rhet., a trope (= immutatio verborum, Cic.), Quint. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. 8, 5, 35.—

A motive (post-Aug.):

audisti consilii mei motūs,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 9.