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21 lu|d
m 1. sgt (G ludu) (masy) people- głos/gniew/wola ludu the voice/wrath/will of the people- pochodzić a. wywodzić się z ludu to come from the lower classes of society2. sgt (G luda a. ludu) pot., żart. (tłum, ludzie) folk- przed wejściem czekała już kupa luda a crowd of people was waiting to enter- ludy koczownicze/osiadłe/pierwotne nomadic/settled/primitive peoples- ludy słowiańskie/germańskie/mongolskie Slavic/Germanic/Mongolian peoples- □ Lud Boży Relig. people of God- ludy karłowate Antrop. dwarfs, dwarves- ludy megalityczne Antrop. Megalithic peoplesThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > lu|d
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22 древнегерманская религия
Religion: Germanic religion (The mythology, religious beliefs, and cults of the Germanic-speaking peoples before their conversion to Christianity)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > древнегерманская религия
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23 ἐλεύθερος
Grammatical information: adj.Dialectal forms: Myc. ereutero \/ eleutheros\/.Compounds: rarely as 1. member, e. g. ἐλευθερό-στομος `with free mouth' (A.); as 2. member a. o. in ἀπ-ελεύθερος `freedman' (Att.), mostly taken as postverbal to ἀπ-ελευθερόω `make free, make freedman' (Pl., Arist.), Schwyzer 421, Strömberg Greek Prefix Studies 39f. m. Lit.Derivatives: ἐλευθερία `freedom' (Pi.) with ἐλευθεριωτικός `proclaiming freedom' (Him.); denomin. verbs: ἐλευθερόω `make free' (Ion.-Att.) with ἐλευθέρ-ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτής; ἐλευθερεσθείς (Thess., Schwyzer 736 w. lit.); ἐλευθέριος `as a free man' (Ion.-Att.), also as surname of Zeus (Pi., Hdt., because of the victory on the Persians) with Έλευθεριών month name (Halikarnassos); ἐλευθεριότης `frankness, liberality' (Pl.) and the denomin. ἐλευθεριάζω `speak and act as a free man' (Pl.); ἐλευθερικός `belonging to a free man' (Pl. Lg. 701e beside δεσποτικός; 919e beside the bahuvrihi ἀν-ελεύθερος; cf. Chantraine Études sur le vocab. gr. 146). Cret. ἐλούθερος with sec. voalism (Schwyzer 194)..Etymology: Old adjective, also in: Lat. līber, - era, also as gods name = Venet. Louzera, Pelign. loufir, Osc. (Iúveis) Lúvfreis = ( Iovis) Līberī; cf. Falisc. lōferta = līberta, OLat. loebertāt-em = Falisk. loifirtat-o; uncertain Toch. A lyutāri `the upper (men), overseer?' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 181). - One starts from an old word for `people', which is found elsewhere, in Germanic and Balto-Slavic: OHG liut `people', pl. liuti `people', OE lēod `people', Lith. liáudis `lower people', Csl., Russ. ljudъ `people', OCS ljúdьje, Russ. ljúdi pl. `men, people'; IE * h₁leudh-o-, -i-; from there also Burgund. leudis `a free man', OCS ORuss. ljudinъ `free man'; ἐλεύθερος, līber (\< IE * h₁leudh-ero-s), so prop. `belonging to the people', as opposed to the subjected peoples. - Against Altheims idea (s. W.-Hofmann s. 3. Līber), the Ital. Līber came through Oscan from the Greeks (: Ζεὺς Έλευθέριος, Διόνυσος Έλευθερεύς; s. above), see v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 334 n. 2, also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 89 (1956) 17f., who points to Venet. Louzera, which shows that the god was original in Italy (see Krahe Das Venetische 24). - Rich litt. in W.-Hofmann s. 2. līber, 3. Līber and līberī, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. liáudis, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. ljúd. - See also ἐλεύσομαι. The laryngeal is seen in Skt. vī-rudh- `plant', anū-rudh- (Mayrh. EWAia 2, 467ff.) - Of forein origin but perh. reshaped after ἐλεύθερος and with oppositive accent the PlaceN Έλευθεραί, from which Έλευθερεύς as surname of Dionysos; cf. on Εἰλείθυια and Έλευίς. - On the meaning Benveniste, Institutions 1. 321ff.Page in Frisk: 1,491Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλεύθερος
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24 νέμω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `deal out, dispense, distribute (among themselves, possess, inhabit, manage, pasture, consume, devour'.Other forms: - ομαι, aor. νεῖμαι (Il.), - ασθαι, pass. νεμηθῆναι, fut. νεμῶ, - οῦμαι (Ion. - έομαι, late - ήσω, - ήσομαι), perf. νενέμηκα,- ημαι (Att. etc.).Derivatives: Several derivv: A. νομή f. `pasture', metaph. `spreading', e.g. of an ulcer, `distribution' (IA.), `possession, possessio' (hell.). With ἐπι-, προ-νομή etc. from ἐπι-, προ-νέμειν, - εσθαι etc. Also νομός m. `*place of) pasture' (Il.), `habitation' (Pi., Hdt., S.), `province' (Hdt., D. S., Str.). From νομή or νομός (not always with certainty to be distinguished): 1. νομάς, - άδος `roaming the pasture', subst. pl. `pastoral people, nomads' (IA.), as PN `Numidians' (Plb.); from this νομαδ-ικός `roaming, belonging to pastoral peoples, Numidian' (Arist.), - ίτης `id.' (Suid.), - ίαι f. pl. `pasture' with - ιαῖος (Peripl. M. Rubr.). -- 2. νομεύς m. `herdsman' (II.), also `distributor' (Pl.), pl. `ribs of a ship' (Hdt.); from this (or from νομός?) νομεύω `pasture' (Il.) with νόμευ-μα n. `herd' (A.), - τικός `belonging to pasturage' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135 u. 137); διανομ-εύς (: διανομή), προνομ-εύω (: προ-νομή) etc. -- 3. νόμιος `regarding the pasture', also as adjunct of several gods (Pi., Ar., Call.); cf. on νόμος; νομαῖος `id.' (Nic., Call.); νομώδης `spreading', of an ulcer (medic.). -- 4. νομάζω, - ομαι `pasture' (Nic.). -- B. νόμος m. `custom, usage, law, composition' (since Hes.) with several compp., e.g. Ἔννομος PN (Il.), εὔ-νομος `with good laws' (Pi.) with εὑνομ-ίη, - ία `good laws' (since ρ 487; on the meaning Andrewes Class Quart. 32, 89 ff.). From νόμος: 1. adj. νόμιμος `usual, lawful' (IA.; extens. Arbenz 72ff.) with νομιμότης f. (Iamb.); νομικός `regarding the laws, forensic, lawyer' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 132); νόμαιος = νόμιμος (Ion. a. late); νόμιος `id.' (Locris; cf. on νομός). -- 2. Verb νομίζω, rarely w. prefix, e.g. συν-, κατα-, `use customarily, use to, recognize, believe' (IA., Dor.; Fournier Les verbes "dire" passim) with νόμισις f. `belief' (Th.), νόμισμα n. `use, recognized belief, (valid) coin' (IA.), - άτιον dimin. (Poll.); νομιστός `generally recognized' with νομιστεύομαι `be generally valid' (Plb.), also νομιτεύομαι `id., use' (hell. a. late inscr.; cf. θεμι(σ)-τεύω). -- C. νεμέτωρ, - ορος m. `dispensor (of justice), avenger' (A. Th. 485); νέμησις f., also ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι- etc. from ἀπο-νέμω etc., `distribution' (Is., Arist.); νεμ-ητής = νεμέτωρ (Poll.) with - ήτρια f. (inscr. Rom, IVp); uncertain Νεμήϊος surname of Zeus (Archyt. ap. Stob.); perh. for Νέμειος (from Νεμέα). On νέμεσις s. v. -- D. Deverbatives: νεμέθω, - ομαι `pasture' (Λ 635, Nic.); νωμάω, - ῆσαι also with ἐπι-, ἀμφι-, προσ-, `distribute, maintain, observe' (Il., Hdt.; Schwyzer 719, Risch Gnomon 24, 82) with νώμ-ησις (Pl. Cra. 41 1d), - ήτωρ `distributor, maintainer etc.' (Man., Nonn.).Etymology: The whole Greek system including ablauting νομή, νόμος, νομός is built on the present νέμω. The full grade νεμέ-τωρ, νέμε-σις, νέμη-σις a.o. follow wellknown patterns ( γενέ-τωρ γένε-σις u.a.; but these are disyllabic roots); an agreeing zero grade fails. There never existed a "disyllabic root" e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 11). -- The widespread meanings of νέμω plus derivations provide a problem, which has hardly been definitely solved; Benveniste Noms d'agent 79 rightly stresses the idea of lawfull, regular, which characterizes the verb νέμω ("partager légalement, faire une attribution régulière"). Further lit.: E. Laroche Histoire de la racine nem- en grec ancien (Paris 1949; Études et Comm.VI); on νόμος esp. Stier Phil. 83, 224ff., Pohlenz Phil. 97, 135ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 260, Bolelli Stud. itfilcl. N.S.24, 110f.; on νομή, - ός Wilhelm Glotta 24, 133ff. (ἐν χειρῶν νομῳ̃, - αῖς). -- Of non-Greek words, that are interesting for the etymology, the Germanic verb for `take' agrees best to νέμω, Goth. niman etc.; further Latv. ńęmu, ńem̂t `take' (with secondary palatalisation of the anlaut). One might mention several nouns, which tell nothing for Greek: Av. nǝmah- n. `loan', Lat. numerus `number etc.', OIr. nem f. `gift' (cf. Gift: geben; also δόσις), Lith. nùoma f. `rent' (vowel as in νω-μάω). -- The with νέμω also formally identical verb Skt. námati `bow, bend' can only be combined with uncontrollable hypotheses. After Laroche (s. above) p. 263 νέμω would prop be. `faire le geste de se pencher en tendant la main'. -- Lit. and further details in WP. 2, 330f., Pok. 763 f., W.-Hofmann s. numerus and nummus (from νόμιμος?), also emō, Fraenkel Wb. s. núoma(s), and nãmas, Mayrhofer s. námati. Cf. also νέμος.Page in Frisk: 2, 302Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέμω
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25 Germaan
2 [meervoud] [huidige volkeren] Germanic/Teutonic peoples
- 1
- 2
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