Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

from+an+early+stage

  • 1 desde los comienzos

    Ex. There was from an early stage a tendency towards the standardization of type sizes, which may have arisen originally from the difficulty of altering the gauge of the mould.
    * * *

    Ex: There was from an early stage a tendency towards the standardization of type sizes, which may have arisen originally from the difficulty of altering the gauge of the mould.

    Spanish-English dictionary > desde los comienzos

  • 2 comienzo

    m.
    start, beginning, kickoff.
    a comienzos del siglo XX at the beginning of the twentieth century
    dar comienzo (a algo) to start (something), to begin (something)
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: comenzar.
    * * *
    1 start, beginning
    \
    a comienzos de at the beginning of
    dar comienzo to begin, start
    estar en sus comienzos to be in its early stages
    * * *
    noun m.
    start, beginning
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=principio) [de película, historia, partido] beginning, start; [de proyecto, plan] beginning; [de enfermedad] onset

    al comienzo: al comienzo no entendía nada — at first I didn't understand anything

    al comienzo de la primavera — in early Spring, at the start of Spring

    los comienzos: en los comienzos de este siglo — at the beginning of this century

    en los comienzos del proceso democrático — in the early o initial stages of the democratic process

    una etapa muy difícil en sus comienzos — a very difficult stage, initially

    2)

    dar comienzo — [acto, curso] to start, begin, commence frm

    la ceremonia dio comienzo a las cinco de la tarde — the ceremony started o began o frm commenced at five o'clock

    3)

    dar comienzo a — [+ acto, ceremonia] to begin, start; [+ carrera] to start; [+ etapa] to mark the beginning of

    * * *
    masculino beginning

    al comienzo — at first, in the beginning

    el proceso fue muy lento en sus comienzos — initially, the process was very slow

    dar comienzo a algo — persona to begin something; ceremonia/acto to mark the beginning of something

    * * *
    = beginning, inception, starting, commencement, onset, start, initiation, dawning, input stage, kick-off, eruption, startup [start-up], start time, opening.
    Ex. In addition, synthesis often requires the use of a facet indicator, which marks the beginning of a new facet for example.
    Ex. Automated cataloging support systems, with any pretense to sophistication, did not begin to appear until the inception of the LC/MARC II (Library of Congress/Machine-Readable Cataloging) project in late 1967.
    Ex. The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.
    Ex. The development of the course since its commencement is reviewed, and the reasons for changes in the course structure are discussed.
    Ex. In the 1980s came the onset of the 'new' immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.
    Ex. Olle is right, however, in implying that after a slow start interest in, and writing about, official publishing in Britain has increased dramatically in recent years.
    Ex. The increase in emphasis on regional cooperation has resulted in the initiation of many regional projects.
    Ex. The Internet heralds the dawning of a new information age = Internet premoniza el amanecer de una nueva era de la información.
    Ex. To rephrase this in terms already used, they involve effort at the input stage in order to reduce effort at the output stage = Expresando esto con términos ya usados, suponen un esfuerzo en la etapa inicial con objeto de reducir el esfuerzo en la etapa final.
    Ex. The cooperative venture 'StoryLines America' joins libraries and public radio in smash kick-off.
    Ex. Information on the news items relevant to 'mad cow disease' was collected for a period of 100 days starting very close to the eruption of the crisis.
    Ex. This article presents some practical tips to help users of DIALOG's DIALOGLINK including buffer size, screen speed-up, startup short cuts, type-ahead buffer and use of DIALOGLING with other services.
    Ex. Reservations are held for 20 minutes after the slated event start time.
    Ex. Some of the common auxiliaries are allocated notations in which the facet indicators possess both an opening and a closure sign.
    ----
    * abocado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * al comienzo = early on, at the outset, to start with, at startup.
    * al comienzo de = at the start (of), in the early days (of), at the outbreak of, at the onset of, early in.
    * comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.
    * comienzo de la menstruación = menarche.
    * comienzo difícil = bumpy start.
    * comienzo fallido = false start.
    * comienzos = early days.
    * comienzo tardío = late start.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * dar comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * dar un comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.
    * desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde los comienzos = from an early stage.
    * desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.
    * en los comienzos de = at the birth of.
    * en + Posesivo + comienzos = in + Posesivo + early days, in + Posesivo + early years.
    * en sus comienzos = budding.
    * fecha de comienzo = starting date, beginning date, date of commencement.
    * hora de comienzo = starting time, start time.
    * indicador de comienzo de subcampo = delimiter sign.
    * los comienzos de = the dawn of.
    * marcar el comienzo = usher in.
    * nuevo comienzo = new beginning, clean slate, new leaf.
    * posición de comienzo = offset value.
    * predestinado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed to + failure from its inception, doomed to + failure.
    * tener programado su comienzo = be scheduled to start.
    * tener un comienzo tardío
    * un nuevo comienzo = a fresh start.
    * * *
    masculino beginning

    al comienzo — at first, in the beginning

    el proceso fue muy lento en sus comienzos — initially, the process was very slow

    dar comienzo a algo — persona to begin something; ceremonia/acto to mark the beginning of something

    * * *
    = beginning, inception, starting, commencement, onset, start, initiation, dawning, input stage, kick-off, eruption, startup [start-up], start time, opening.

    Ex: In addition, synthesis often requires the use of a facet indicator, which marks the beginning of a new facet for example.

    Ex: Automated cataloging support systems, with any pretense to sophistication, did not begin to appear until the inception of the LC/MARC II (Library of Congress/Machine-Readable Cataloging) project in late 1967.
    Ex: The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.
    Ex: The development of the course since its commencement is reviewed, and the reasons for changes in the course structure are discussed.
    Ex: In the 1980s came the onset of the 'new' immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.
    Ex: Olle is right, however, in implying that after a slow start interest in, and writing about, official publishing in Britain has increased dramatically in recent years.
    Ex: The increase in emphasis on regional cooperation has resulted in the initiation of many regional projects.
    Ex: The Internet heralds the dawning of a new information age = Internet premoniza el amanecer de una nueva era de la información.
    Ex: To rephrase this in terms already used, they involve effort at the input stage in order to reduce effort at the output stage = Expresando esto con términos ya usados, suponen un esfuerzo en la etapa inicial con objeto de reducir el esfuerzo en la etapa final.
    Ex: The cooperative venture 'StoryLines America' joins libraries and public radio in smash kick-off.
    Ex: Information on the news items relevant to 'mad cow disease' was collected for a period of 100 days starting very close to the eruption of the crisis.
    Ex: This article presents some practical tips to help users of DIALOG's DIALOGLINK including buffer size, screen speed-up, startup short cuts, type-ahead buffer and use of DIALOGLING with other services.
    Ex: Reservations are held for 20 minutes after the slated event start time.
    Ex: Some of the common auxiliaries are allocated notations in which the facet indicators possess both an opening and a closure sign.
    * abocado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * al comienzo = early on, at the outset, to start with, at startup.
    * al comienzo de = at the start (of), in the early days (of), at the outbreak of, at the onset of, early in.
    * comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.
    * comienzo de la menstruación = menarche.
    * comienzo difícil = bumpy start.
    * comienzo fallido = false start.
    * comienzos = early days.
    * comienzo tardío = late start.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * dar comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * dar un comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.
    * desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde los comienzos = from an early stage.
    * desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.
    * en los comienzos de = at the birth of.
    * en + Posesivo + comienzos = in + Posesivo + early days, in + Posesivo + early years.
    * en sus comienzos = budding.
    * fecha de comienzo = starting date, beginning date, date of commencement.
    * hora de comienzo = starting time, start time.
    * indicador de comienzo de subcampo = delimiter sign.
    * los comienzos de = the dawn of.
    * marcar el comienzo = usher in.
    * nuevo comienzo = new beginning, clean slate, new leaf.
    * posición de comienzo = offset value.
    * predestinado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed to + failure from its inception, doomed to + failure.
    * tener programado su comienzo = be scheduled to start.
    * tener un comienzo tardío
    * un nuevo comienzo = a fresh start.

    * * *
    beginning
    al comienzo at first, in the beginning
    el proceso fue muy lento en sus comienzos initially, the process was very slow
    dio comienzo al año lectivo it marked the beginning of the academic year
    dieron comienzo a la función con la tocata they began the performance with the toccata
    el concierto dará comienzo a las nueve the concert will begin at 9 o'clock
    los comienzos son siempre difíciles the first months ( o steps etc) are always difficult
    * * *

     

    Del verbo comenzar: ( conjugate comenzar)

    comienzo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    comenzar    
    comienzo
    comenzar ( conjugate comenzar) verbo transitivo
    to begin, commence (frml)
    verbo intransitivo
    to begin;

    comienzo haciendo algo/por hacer algo to begin by doing sth;
    comienzo a hacer algo to start doing o to do sth;
    comienzoon a disparar they started firing o to fire;
    comienzo por algo to begin with sth
    comienzo sustantivo masculino
    beginning;
    al comienzo at first, in the beginning;
    dar comienzo to begin;
    dar comienzo a algo [ persona] to begin sth;

    [ceremonia/acto] to mark the beginning of sth;

    comenzar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to begin, start
    (a realizar una acción) comenzó a decir barbaridades, he started talking nonsense
    (una serie de acciones) comenzamos por mostrar nuestro desacuerdo, we started by showing our disagreement ➣ Ver nota en begin y start
    comienzo sustantivo masculino beginning, start
    ♦ Locuciones: a comienzos de, at the beginning of
    dar comienzo, to begin o start

    ' comienzo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apertura
    - iniciar
    - origen
    - principio
    - iniciación
    English:
    beginning
    - conception
    - off
    - onset
    - opening
    - outbreak
    - outset
    - start
    - turn
    - commence
    - home
    - out
    - usher
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    start, beginning;
    lo sabían desde el comienzo they knew from the start o beginning;
    y esto es sólo el comienzo and this is just the start;
    tuvo unos comienzos poco prometedores it got off to an inauspicious start;
    a comienzos del siglo XX at the beginning of the 20th century;
    al comienzo in the beginning, at first;
    dar comienzo (a algo) to start (sth), to begin (sth);
    la función dio comienzo a las siete y media the performance started at half past seven;
    el secretario dio comienzo a la reunión the secretary began o opened the meeting
    * * *
    m beginning;
    al comienzo, en un comienzo at first, in the beginning;
    un comienzo from the start;
    a comienzos de junio at the beginning of June
    * * *
    1) : start, beginning
    2)
    al comienzo : at first
    3)
    dar comienzo : to begin
    * * *
    comienzo n beginning

    Spanish-English dictionary > comienzo

  • 3 desde

    prep.
    1 since (time).
    no lo veo desde el mes pasado/desde ayer I haven't seen him since last month/yesterday
    desde ahora from now on
    desde el principio from the beginning
    desde hace mucho/un mes for ages/a month
    desde… hasta… from… until…
    desde el lunes hasta el viernes from Monday till Friday
    desde entonces since then
    desde que since
    desde que murió mi madre since my mother died
    2 from (espacio).
    desde arriba/fuera from above/the outside
    desde… hasta… from… to…
    desde aquí hasta el centro from here to the center
    Está listo desde ese día It is ready from that day.
    3 from.
    desde 100.000 pesos from 100,000 pesos
    * * *
    1 (tiempo) since
    ■ ¿desde cuándo? since when?
    ■ desde entonces since then, from then on
    2 (lugar) from
    \
    desde ahora from now on
    desde hace mucho tiempo for a long time
    desde... hasta from... to
    desde luego (en realidad) really 2 (como respuesta) of course, certainly
    desde que since
    * * *
    prep.
    2) from
    •
    - desde entonces
    - desde luego
    * * *
    PREP
    1) [indicando origen] from

    • desde abajo — from below

    • desde arriba — from above

    • desde lejos — from a long way off, from afar liter

    2) [con cantidades, categorías] from
    3) [en el tiempo]

    desde el martes — (=el pasado) since Tuesday; (=el próximo) after Tuesday

    • desde ahora — from now on

    • ¿desde cuándo vives aquí? — how long have you been living here?

    ¿desde cuándo ocurre esto? — how long has this been happening?

    • desde entonces — since then

    • desde hace tres años — for three years

    • desde el 4 hasta el 16 — from the 4th until o to the 16th

    • desde niño — since childhood, since I was a child

    • desde siempre — always

    -¿desde cuándo eres comunista? -desde siempre — "since when have you been a communist?" - "I've always been one"

    4)

    • desde luego —

    a) (=por supuesto) of course

    -¿vendrás? -desde luego — "are you coming?" - "of course (I am)"

    eso, desde luego, no es culpa mía — that, of course, is not my fault

    -¿quieres venir con nosotros? -desde luego que sí — "do you want to come with us?" - "of course I do"

    -¿no sabes nada de eso? -desde luego que no — "you don't know anything about it?" - "of course not"

    no era muy morena pero rubia desde luego que no — she wasn't really dark-haired, but she certainly wasn't blonde

    b) [como coletilla]

    desde luego, vaya fama estamos cogiendo — we're certainly getting quite a reputation

    desde luego, ¿quién lo iba a pensar? — I ask you, who would have thought it?, well, who would have thought it?

    ¡mira que olvidarte de llamar! ¡desde luego que eres despistado! — how could you forget to phone? you're so absent-minded!

    5)

    • desde que — since

    desde que puedo recordar — ever since I can remember, as long as I can remember

    DESDE Expresiones temporales En expresiones temporales, desde puede traducirse por since, from o, en combinación con hace/ hacía, por for. ► Desde ( que ) se traduce por since siempre que se especifique a partir de cuándo comenzó una acción o un estado que sigue desarrollándose en el presente o en el momento en que se habla: Llevo aquí de vacaciones desde el viernes I have been here on holiday since Friday No come mejillones desde que sufrió aquella intoxicación alimenticia He hasn't eaten mussels since he had that bout of food poisoning Dijo que no la había visto desde la guerra He said he hadn't seen her since the war NOTA: Hay que tener en cuenta que en casos como estos cuando se trata de algo que comienza en el pasado y sigue en el presente, el inglés hace uso del {pretérito perfecto} (en sus formas simple o progresiva). ► Traducimos desde por from cuando desde simplemente indica el momento en el que empezó la acción cuando la oración indica el final de la acción o se implica, de algún modo, que esta ya ha terminado: Y desde aquel día el rey no volvió a hablar del asunto And from that day on(wards), the king never spoke about the subject again ► La construcción desde ... hasta se traduce por from ... until o por from ... to: Trabajamos desde las nueve de la mañana hasta las cinco de la tarde We work from nine in the morning until o to five in the afternoon Tendrás que pagar el alquiler desde julio hasta octubre You will have to pay rent from July until o to October ► Desde hace y desde hacía se traducen por for ya que van seguidos de una cantidad de tiempo: Estoy esperando desde hace más de una hora I have been waiting for over an hour No se había sentido tan feliz desde hacía años He hadn't felt so happy for years ► En oraciones interrogativas, desde cuándo se traduce por how long. En este tipo de preguntas, el inglés utiliza el pretérito perfecto para referirse a algo que empezó en el pasado y continúa en el presente: ¿Desde cuándo os conocéis? How long have you known each other? Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    1) ( en el tiempo) since

    desde entonces/desde que se casó — since then/since he got married

    ¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? - desde siempre! — since when have you liked mussels? - I've always liked them!

    ¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? — how long have you been working here?

    desde niño — since he/I was a child

    desde el primer momento or un principio — right from the start

    2) ( en el espacio) from

    desde aquí/allá — from here/there

    ¿desde dónde tengo que leer? — where do I have to read from?

    3) (en escalas, jerarquías) from
    * * *
    = from, from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.
    Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.
    Ex. In all types of libraries in Lesotho, shortage of, and the need for trained librarians has been felt from as far back as the mid-1970s.
    ----
    * desde allí = thence.
    * desde antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * desde aquel entonces = thenceforth.
    * desde aquel momento = ever after.
    * desde cero = from the ground up.
    * desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).
    * desde dentro = from within, from the inside, from the inside-out, inside-out.
    * desde dentro hacia fuera = from the inside-out.
    * desde dentro y desde fuera de = within and without.
    * desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from sunrise to sunset, from sun up to sun down, from sun up to sun down, from sun to sun.
    * desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.
    * desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el principio = from the start, all along, ab initio, from the outset, from the beginning, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el punto de vista de = in terms of, from the vantage of.
    * desde el punto de vista de la conservación = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA], medically, medically, musically, preservationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cinética = kinetically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cultura = culturally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la mitosis = mitotically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.
    * desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.
    * desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.
    * desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.
    * desde el punto de vista del medio ambiente = environmentally.
    * desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.
    * desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.
    * desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned.
    * desde el punto de vista económico = fiscally.
    * desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.
    * desde el punto de vista político = politically.
    * desde el punto de vista profesional = career-wise [careerwise].
    * desde entonces = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, ever since then, ever since then, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day.
    * desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.
    * desde ese día = since that day.
    * desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.
    * desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.
    * desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal = since + Expresión Temporal, ever since + Expresión Temporal.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.
    * desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.
    * desde + Fecha/Lugar + en adelante = from + Fecha/Lugar + onward(s).
    * desde fuera = from the outside.
    * desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.
    * desde hace años = over the years, for years past, for years.
    * desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace muchos años = for years.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace siglos = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.
    * desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.
    * desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.
    * desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.
    * desde hace varios años + Presente = for several years + Pretérito Perfecto.
    * desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.
    * desde hace ya años = for years now.
    * desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....
    * desde hoy en adelante = as from today.
    * desde la antigüedad = since ancient times.
    * desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * desde la época de/cuando = since the days of/when.
    * desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.
    * desde la mañana a la noche = from morning to night.
    * desde la perspectiva de = in light of.
    * desde la prehistoria = since prehistoric times.
    * desde lejos = from a distance, from afar.
    * desde los comienzos = from an early stage.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.
    * desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.
    * desde mitad de + Expresión Temporal + en adelante = from the mid + Expresión Temporal + onwards.
    * desde muy antiguo = since olden times.
    * desde muy lejos = from afar.
    * desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....
    * desde + perspectiva = against + backdrop.
    * desde principio a fin = throughout.
    * desde principios de siglo = since the turn of the century, from the turn of the century.
    * desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.
    * desde que el mundo es mundo = from the beginning of time, since the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.
    * desde su origen = from + its/their + inception, since + its/their + inception.
    * desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.
    * desde tiempo inmemorial = since earliest time, since time immemorial, from time immemorial, since time out of mind, from time out of mind.
    * desde tiempos prehistóricos = since prehistoric times.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = along + Adjetivo + line.
    * desde un extremo... al otro = from one end... to the other.
    * desde un punto de vista académico = academically.
    * desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, medically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = clinically.
    * desde un punto de vista cognitivo = cognitively.
    * desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.
    * desde un punto de vista cultural = culturally.
    * desde un punto de vista ecológico = ecologically.
    * desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista estético = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].
    * desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.
    * desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.
    * desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.
    * desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.
    * desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.
    * desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista médico = medically, medically.
    * desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.
    * desde un punto de vista monetario = monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.
    * desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.
    * desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.
    * desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.
    * desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.
    * desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.
    * desde un punto vista ético = ethically.
    * existir desde hace años = be around for years.
    * nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.
    * olvidado desde hace tiempo = long forgotten.
    * * *
    1) ( en el tiempo) since

    desde entonces/desde que se casó — since then/since he got married

    ¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? - desde siempre! — since when have you liked mussels? - I've always liked them!

    ¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? — how long have you been working here?

    desde niño — since he/I was a child

    desde el primer momento or un principio — right from the start

    2) ( en el espacio) from

    desde aquí/allá — from here/there

    ¿desde dónde tengo que leer? — where do I have to read from?

    3) (en escalas, jerarquías) from
    * * *
    = from, from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

    Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

    Ex: In all types of libraries in Lesotho, shortage of, and the need for trained librarians has been felt from as far back as the mid-1970s.
    * desde allí = thence.
    * desde antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * desde aquel entonces = thenceforth.
    * desde aquel momento = ever after.
    * desde cero = from the ground up.
    * desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).
    * desde dentro = from within, from the inside, from the inside-out, inside-out.
    * desde dentro hacia fuera = from the inside-out.
    * desde dentro y desde fuera de = within and without.
    * desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from sunrise to sunset, from sun up to sun down, from sun up to sun down, from sun to sun.
    * desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.
    * desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el principio = from the start, all along, ab initio, from the outset, from the beginning, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el punto de vista de = in terms of, from the vantage of.
    * desde el punto de vista de la conservación = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA], medically, medically, musically, preservationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cinética = kinetically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cultura = culturally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la mitosis = mitotically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.
    * desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.
    * desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.
    * desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.
    * desde el punto de vista del medio ambiente = environmentally.
    * desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.
    * desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.
    * desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned.
    * desde el punto de vista económico = fiscally.
    * desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.
    * desde el punto de vista político = politically.
    * desde el punto de vista profesional = career-wise [careerwise].
    * desde entonces = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, ever since then, ever since then, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day.
    * desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.
    * desde ese día = since that day.
    * desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.
    * desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.
    * desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal = since + Expresión Temporal, ever since + Expresión Temporal.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.
    * desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.
    * desde + Fecha/Lugar + en adelante = from + Fecha/Lugar + onward(s).
    * desde fuera = from the outside.
    * desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.
    * desde hace años = over the years, for years past, for years.
    * desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace muchos años = for years.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace siglos = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.
    * desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.
    * desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.
    * desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.
    * desde hace varios años + Presente = for several years + Pretérito Perfecto.
    * desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.
    * desde hace ya años = for years now.
    * desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....
    * desde hoy en adelante = as from today.
    * desde la antigüedad = since ancient times.
    * desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * desde la época de/cuando = since the days of/when.
    * desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.
    * desde la mañana a la noche = from morning to night.
    * desde la perspectiva de = in light of.
    * desde la prehistoria = since prehistoric times.
    * desde lejos = from a distance, from afar.
    * desde los comienzos = from an early stage.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.
    * desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.
    * desde mitad de + Expresión Temporal + en adelante = from the mid + Expresión Temporal + onwards.
    * desde muy antiguo = since olden times.
    * desde muy lejos = from afar.
    * desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....
    * desde + perspectiva = against + backdrop.
    * desde principio a fin = throughout.
    * desde principios de siglo = since the turn of the century, from the turn of the century.
    * desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.
    * desde que el mundo es mundo = from the beginning of time, since the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.
    * desde su origen = from + its/their + inception, since + its/their + inception.
    * desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.
    * desde tiempo inmemorial = since earliest time, since time immemorial, from time immemorial, since time out of mind, from time out of mind.
    * desde tiempos prehistóricos = since prehistoric times.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = along + Adjetivo + line.
    * desde un extremo... al otro = from one end... to the other.
    * desde un punto de vista académico = academically.
    * desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, medically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = clinically.
    * desde un punto de vista cognitivo = cognitively.
    * desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.
    * desde un punto de vista cultural = culturally.
    * desde un punto de vista ecológico = ecologically.
    * desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista estético = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].
    * desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.
    * desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.
    * desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.
    * desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.
    * desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.
    * desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista médico = medically, medically.
    * desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.
    * desde un punto de vista monetario = monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.
    * desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.
    * desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.
    * desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.
    * desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.
    * desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.
    * desde un punto vista ético = ethically.
    * existir desde hace años = be around for years.
    * nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.
    * olvidado desde hace tiempo = long forgotten.

    * * *
    desde entonces/desde que se casó no lo he vuelto a ver I haven't seen him again since then/since he got married
    estamos aquí desde el mes pasado we've been here since last month
    ¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? how long have you been working here?
    ¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? — ¡desde siempre! since when have you liked mussels? — I've always liked them!
    ¿desde cuándo hay que hacerlo así? — desde ahora when do we have to start doing it that way? — as from now
    desde niño había sido muy ambicioso he had been very ambitious ever since he was a child
    desde el primer momento or un principio right from the start o the outset
    no los veo desde hace meses I haven't seen them for months
    estaba enfermo desde hacía un año he had been ill for a year
    desde que + SUBJ
    ( liter): desde que llegara a ese país since the day that she arrived in that country
    desde que aprendiera a escribir since the time I learned to write
    DESDE … HASTA:
    estará abierto desde el 15 hasta el 30 it will be open from the 15th to o till o until the 30th
    desde que llegó hasta que se fue from the time she arrived to the time she left
    desde ya ya1 adv C. (↑ ya (1))
    les mandé una postal desde Dublín I sent them a postcard from Dublin
    lo vi desde la ventana I saw him from the window
    ¿desde dónde tengo que leer? where do I have to read from?
    desde mi punto de vista from my point of view
    nosotros, desde aquí, intentaremos hacer lo que podamos we'll do what we can here o from this end o from our end
    DESDE … HASTA … FROM … TO …
    desde la página 12 hasta la 20 from page 12 to o as far as o up to page 20
    C (en escalas, jerarquías) from
    blusas desde 12 euros blouses from 12 euros
    DESDE … HASTA … FROM … TO …
    todos, desde los trabajadores hasta los empresarios, … everyone, from the workers (up) to the management, …
    desde el director hasta el último empleado de la compañía from the director (down) to the lowest employee in the company
    temas que van desde la reforma penal hasta la crisis económica subjects ranging from penal reform to the economic crisis
    D
    desde luego luego1 adv E. (↑ luego (1))
    * * *

     

    desde preposición
    1 ( en el tiempo) since;
    ◊ desde entonces/desde que se casó since then/since he got married;

    ¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? how long have you been working here?;
    desde el primer momento right from the start;
    no los veo desde hace meses I haven't seen them for months;
    desde el 15 hasta el 30 from the 15th to o until the 30th
    2 ( en el espacio) from;
    ◊ desde aquí/allá from here/there;

    ¿desde dónde tengo que leer? where do I have to read from?;
    desde la página 12 hasta la 20 from page 12 (up) to page 20
    3 (en escalas, jerarquías) from;

    desde
    I preposición
    1 (punto en que comienza a contarse el tiempo) since: estuvo allí desde el jueves hasta el lunes, she was there from Thursday until Monday
    no he hablado con él desde hace meses, I haven't talked to him for months
    ¿desde cuándo lo sabes?, how long have you known?
    desde que María me lo dijo, ever since Maria told me
    desde ayer, since yesterday
    desde esta mañana, from this morning on
    2 (punto en que comienza a contarse una distancia o se señala una perspectiva) from
    desde aquí, from here
    desde la ventana, from the window
    figurado habla desde la ignorancia, he speaks out from ignorance
    ♦ Locuciones: desde luego, of course
    desde siempre, always
    ' desde' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonarse
    - arriba
    - borrasca
    - caer
    - cuándo
    - desarrollar
    - doblarse
    - donde
    - ermitaña
    - ermitaño
    - españolizar
    - ir
    - gritar
    - judoka
    - lloro
    - llover
    - lozana
    - lozano
    - luego
    - mendicidad
    - mustia
    - mustio
    - nos
    - residir
    - risa
    - robar
    - rondar
    - siempre
    - tarde
    - ver
    - vivir
    - yudoka
    - abajo
    - antiguo
    - arrastrar
    - bombardear
    - bombardeo
    - descender
    - descenso
    - dominar
    - exterior
    - mejor
    - memoria
    - mirar
    - pie
    - razón
    - retroactivo
    - saber
    - ser
    - simpatizar
    English:
    absolutely
    - all
    - approach
    - arouse
    - back up
    - beginning
    - blow
    - burning
    - can
    - carry
    - certainly
    - conception
    - ease off
    - ease up
    - educationally
    - elapse
    - explode
    - first
    - for
    - from
    - go
    - gorgeous
    - grandstand
    - hear of
    - hence
    - inherent
    - jump down
    - kerb-crawl
    - kerb-crawling
    - know
    - listen
    - look down
    - lost
    - mainland
    - off
    - ought
    - outset
    - outside
    - pass down
    - perspective
    - range
    - respect
    - scene
    - see
    - since
    - spectacular
    - splendid
    - standing
    - talk down
    - then
    * * *
    ♦ prep
    1. [indica tiempo] since;
    no lo veo desde el mes pasado/desde ayer I haven't seen him since last month/since yesterday;
    desde aquel día, nada volvió a ser igual from that day on, things were never the same again;
    desde ahora from now on;
    ¿desde cuándo? since when?;
    ¿desde cuándo se conocen? how long o since when have you known each other?;
    ¿desde cuándo no hay que llamar para entrar? since when has it been all right to come in without knocking?;
    desde entonces since then;
    no la veo desde hace un año I haven't seen her for a year, it's a year since I last saw her;
    desde hace dos días no come she hasn't eaten for two days;
    ¿desde cuánto hace que no come? how long has she not been eating?;
    desde hace mucho/un mes for ages/a month;
    trabaja para ellos desde hace poco she recently started working for them;
    te espero desde hace más de una hora I've been waiting for you for more than an hour;
    Fam
    ¡desde hace que no la veo! [en tono enfático] I haven't seen her for AGES!;
    desde… hasta… from… until…;
    desde el lunes hasta el viernes from Monday Br till o US through Friday;
    desde el 1 hasta el 15 de septiembre from 1 to 15 September;
    desde niño o [m5] desde pequeño me enseñaron a dar las gracias I was brought up to say thank you to people from an early age;
    desde el principio supe que no iba a salir bien I knew from the very beginning o from the word go it wasn't going to turn out well;
    desde que since;
    desde que la vi en el teatro, no he vuelto a saber nada de ella I haven't heard from her since (the day) I saw her at the theatre;
    desde que murió mi madre since my mother died;
    desde ya [inmediatamente] right now;
    ponte a ordenar esta habitación desde ya start tidying this room this instant
    2. [indica espacio] from;
    desde mi ventana se ve el puerto you can see the harbour from my window;
    vinieron a vernos desde Santiago they came from Santiago to visit us;
    ¿desde dónde nos disparan? where are they shooting at us from?;
    desde arriba/abajo from above/below;
    visto desde arriba, parece más grande seen from above, it looks bigger;
    se ve desde lejos it can be seen from a long way away;
    desde… hasta… from… to…;
    desde aquí hasta el centro from here to the centre;
    desde un punto de vista jurídico… from a legal point of view…;
    afrontemos el proceso de paz desde la democracia y el respeto let us enter the peace process in a spirit of democracy and respect
    3. [indica cantidad mínima] from;
    desde 10.000 euros from 10,000 euros
    4. [indica lo que se abarca]
    desde… hasta… from… to…;
    se encargan de todo, desde el viaje hasta el alojamiento they take care of everything, from the travel arrangements to the accommodation;
    sabe hacer de todo, desde cambiar un fusible hasta arreglar una moto she can do all sorts of things, from changing a fuse to repairing a motorbike
    ♦ desde luego loc adv
    1. [por supuesto]
    ¡desde luego (que sí)! of course!;
    ¡desde luego que me gusta! of course I like it!;
    ¡desde luego que no os ayudaré! no way am I going to help you!, I'm certainly not going to help you!
    2. [en tono de reproche]
    ¡desde luego! for goodness' sake!;
    ¡desde luego! ¡no te creía capaz de una cosa así! I certainly didn't think you were capable of something like this!;
    ¡desde luego, tienes cada idea! you really come out with some funny ideas!
    * * *
    prp
    1 en el tiempo since;
    desde 1993 since 1993;
    desde que since;
    desde hace tres días for three days;
    desde hace mucho/poco for a long/short time;
    desde mañana from tomorrow;
    desde ya Rpl right away
    2 en el espacio from;
    desde arriba/abajo from above/below;
    te veo desde aquí I can see you from here
    3 en escala from;
    desde … hasta … from … to …
    4
    :
    desde luego of course
    * * *
    desde prep
    1) : from
    2) : since
    3)
    desde ahora : from now on
    4)
    desde entonces : since then
    5)
    desde hace : for, since (a time)
    ha estado nevando desde hace dos días: it's been snowing for two days
    6)
    desde luego : of course
    7)
    desde que : since, ever since
    8)
    desde ya : right now, immediately
    * * *
    desde prep
    1. (lugar, cantidad) from
    desde... hasta from... to
    desde entonces since then / from then on
    ¿desde cuándo? how long?
    ¿desde cuándo pasas las vacaciones aquí? how long have you been coming here on holiday?

    Spanish-English dictionary > desde

  • 4 dimensiones

    (n.) = gauge
    Ex. There was from an early stage a tendency towards the standardization of type sizes, which may have arisen originally from the difficulty of altering the gauge of the mould.
    * * *
    (n.) = gauge

    Ex: There was from an early stage a tendency towards the standardization of type sizes, which may have arisen originally from the difficulty of altering the gauge of the mould.

    Spanish-English dictionary > dimensiones

  • 5 F20.5

    рус Остаточная шизофрения
    eng Residual schizophrenia. A chronic stage in the development of a schizophrenic illness in which there has been a clear progression from an early stage to a later stage characterized by long- term, though not necessarily irreversible, "negative" symptoms, e.g. psychomotor slowing; underactivity; blunting of affect; passivity and lack of initiative; poverty of quantity or content of speech; poor nonverbal communication by facial expression, eye contact, voice modulation and posture; poor self-care and social performance. Chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia. Restzustand (schizophrenic). Schizophrenic residual state

    Classification of Diseases (English-Russian) > F20.5

  • 6 früh

    I Adj.
    1. early; ein früher van Gogh an early van Gogh ( oder work of van Gogh’s); am frühen Morgen early ( oder first thing) in the morning; am frühen Nachmittag / Abend early in the afternoon / evening, in the early afternoon / evening, early afternoon / evening; es ist noch zu früh, um das feststellen zu können it is too soon to establish that
    2. (vorzeitig) premature, untimely
    II Adv.
    1. early; (im jungen Alter) at an early age; (im frühen Stadium) early on, at an early stage; ( schon) früh early on; früh genug soon enough; zu früh too soon; früh am Tag / im Jahr early in the day / year; früh aufstehen get up early; gewohnheitsmäßig: auch be an early riser; früh sterben die prematurely ( oder young oder before one’s time); der früh verstorbene Prinz the prince who died young; zu früh kommen be early
    2. (am Morgen) heute / morgen früh this / tomorrow morning; früh um fünf, um fünf Uhr früh at five (o’clock) in the morning; von früh bis spät from morning till night; früher, frühest...
    * * *
    early (Adj.); soon (Adv.)
    * * *
    [fryː]
    1. adj
    early

    am frǘhen Morgen — early in the morning, in the early morning

    in frǘher Jugend — in one's early youth

    in frǘher Kindheit — in one's early childhood

    in frǘhester Kindheit — very early in one's childhood

    der frǘhe Goethe — the young Goethe

    ein Werk des frǘhen Picasso — an early work by Picasso

    ein frǘher Picasso — an early Picasso

    2. adv
    1) early; (= in jungen Jahren) young, at an early age; (in Entwicklung) early on

    von frǘh auf — from an early age

    es ist noch frǘh am Tag/im Jahr — it is still early in the day/year

    von frǘh bis spät — from morning till night, from dawn to dusk

    er hat schon frǘh erkannt, dass... — he recognized early on that...

    du hast dich nicht frǘh genug angemeldet — you didn't apply early or soon enough

    zu frǘh starten — to start too soon

    ein frǘh vollendeter Maler/Dichter etc (liter) — a young artist/poet etc whose genius reached its climax early

    frǘh übt sich, was ein Meister werden will (Prov) — there's nothing like starting young

    2)

    Freitag/morgen frǘh — Friday/tomorrow morning

    heute frǘh — this morning

    * * *
    1) (near the beginning (of a period of time etc): early in my life; early in the afternoon.) early
    2) (belonging to, or happening, near the beginning of a period of time etc: early morning; in the early part of the century.) early
    * * *
    <->
    [fry:]
    f kein pl SÜDD, ÖSTERR [early] morning
    in der \Früh [early] in the morning
    * * *
    1.
    2) (vorzeitig) premature

    einen frühen Tod sterben — die an untimely or premature death

    2.

    früh genug kommen — arrive in [good] time

    seine früh verstorbene Mutter — his mother, who died young

    2) (morgens) in the morning

    heute/morgen/gestern früh — this/tomorrow/yesterday morning

    von früh bis spät — from morning till night; from dawn to dusk; s. auch früher

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. early;
    ein früher van Gogh an early van Gogh ( oder work of van Gogh’s);
    am frühen Morgen early ( oder first thing) in the morning;
    am frühen Nachmittag/Abend early in the afternoon/evening, in the early afternoon/evening, early afternoon/evening;
    es ist noch zu früh, um das feststellen zu können it is too soon to establish that
    2. (vorzeitig) premature, untimely
    B. adv
    1. early; (im jungen Alter) at an early age; (im frühen Stadium) early on, at an early stage;
    (schon) früh early on;
    früh genug soon enough;
    zu früh too soon;
    früh am Tag/im Jahr early in the day/year;
    früh aufstehen get up early; gewohnheitsmäßig: auch be an early riser;
    früh sterben die prematurely ( oder young oder before one’s time);
    der früh verstorbene Prinz the prince who died young;
    zu früh kommen be early
    heute/morgen früh this/tomorrow morning;
    früh um fünf, um fünf Uhr früh at five (o’clock) in the morning;
    von früh bis spät from morning till night; → früher, frühest…
    * * *
    1.
    2) (vorzeitig) premature
    2.

    früh genug kommen — arrive in [good] time

    seine früh verstorbene Mutter — his mother, who died young

    2) (morgens) in the morning

    heute/morgen/gestern früh — this/tomorrow/yesterday morning

    von früh bis spät — from morning till night; from dawn to dusk; s. auch früher

    * * *
    adj.
    early adj. adv.
    soon adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > früh

  • 7 Früh

    I Adj.
    1. early; ein früher van Gogh an early van Gogh ( oder work of van Gogh’s); am frühen Morgen early ( oder first thing) in the morning; am frühen Nachmittag / Abend early in the afternoon / evening, in the early afternoon / evening, early afternoon / evening; es ist noch zu früh, um das feststellen zu können it is too soon to establish that
    2. (vorzeitig) premature, untimely
    II Adv.
    1. early; (im jungen Alter) at an early age; (im frühen Stadium) early on, at an early stage; ( schon) früh early on; früh genug soon enough; zu früh too soon; früh am Tag / im Jahr early in the day / year; früh aufstehen get up early; gewohnheitsmäßig: auch be an early riser; früh sterben die prematurely ( oder young oder before one’s time); der früh verstorbene Prinz the prince who died young; zu früh kommen be early
    2. (am Morgen) heute / morgen früh this / tomorrow morning; früh um fünf, um fünf Uhr früh at five (o’clock) in the morning; von früh bis spät from morning till night; früher, frühest...
    * * *
    early (Adj.); soon (Adv.)
    * * *
    [fryː]
    1. adj
    early

    am frǘhen Morgen — early in the morning, in the early morning

    in frǘher Jugend — in one's early youth

    in frǘher Kindheit — in one's early childhood

    in frǘhester Kindheit — very early in one's childhood

    der frǘhe Goethe — the young Goethe

    ein Werk des frǘhen Picasso — an early work by Picasso

    ein frǘher Picasso — an early Picasso

    2. adv
    1) early; (= in jungen Jahren) young, at an early age; (in Entwicklung) early on

    von frǘh auf — from an early age

    es ist noch frǘh am Tag/im Jahr — it is still early in the day/year

    von frǘh bis spät — from morning till night, from dawn to dusk

    er hat schon frǘh erkannt, dass... — he recognized early on that...

    du hast dich nicht frǘh genug angemeldet — you didn't apply early or soon enough

    zu frǘh starten — to start too soon

    ein frǘh vollendeter Maler/Dichter etc (liter) — a young artist/poet etc whose genius reached its climax early

    frǘh übt sich, was ein Meister werden will (Prov) — there's nothing like starting young

    2)

    Freitag/morgen frǘh — Friday/tomorrow morning

    heute frǘh — this morning

    * * *
    1) (near the beginning (of a period of time etc): early in my life; early in the afternoon.) early
    2) (belonging to, or happening, near the beginning of a period of time etc: early morning; in the early part of the century.) early
    * * *
    <->
    [fry:]
    f kein pl SÜDD, ÖSTERR [early] morning
    in der \Früh [early] in the morning
    * * *
    1.
    2) (vorzeitig) premature

    einen frühen Tod sterben — die an untimely or premature death

    2.

    früh genug kommen — arrive in [good] time

    seine früh verstorbene Mutter — his mother, who died young

    2) (morgens) in the morning

    heute/morgen/gestern früh — this/tomorrow/yesterday morning

    von früh bis spät — from morning till night; from dawn to dusk; s. auch früher

    * * *
    Früh f südd, österr:
    in der Früh in the morning;
    heute/morgen in der Früh this/tomorrow morning;
    heute/morgen Früh → früh B 2
    * * *
    1.
    2) (vorzeitig) premature
    2.

    früh genug kommen — arrive in [good] time

    seine früh verstorbene Mutter — his mother, who died young

    2) (morgens) in the morning

    heute/morgen/gestern früh — this/tomorrow/yesterday morning

    von früh bis spät — from morning till night; from dawn to dusk; s. auch früher

    * * *
    adj.
    early adj. adv.
    soon adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Früh

  • 8 Portuguese Communist Party

    (PCP)
       The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) has evolved from its early anarcho-syndicalist roots at its formation in 1921. This evolution included the undisciplined years of the 1920s, during which bolshevization began and continued into the 1930s, then through the years of clandestine existence during the Estado Novo, the Stalinization of the 1940s, the "anarcho-liberal shift" of the 1950s, the emergence of Maoist and Trotskyist splinter groups of the 1960s, to legalization after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 as the strongest and oldest political party in Portugal. Documents from the Russian archives have shown that the PCP's history is not a purely "domestic" one. While the PCP was born on its own without Soviet assistance, once it joined the Communist International (CI), it lost a significant amount of autonomy as CI officials increasingly meddled in PCP internal politics by dictating policy, manipulating leadership elections, and often financing party activities.
       Early Portuguese communism was a mix of communist ideological strands accustomed to a spirited internal debate, a lively external debate with its rivals, and a loose organizational structure. The PCP, during its early years, was weak in grassroots membership and was basically a party of "notables." It was predominantly a male organization, with minuscule female participation. It was also primarily an urban party concentrated in Lisbon. The PCP membership declined from 3,000 in 1923 to only 40 in 1928.
       In 1929, the party was reorganized so that it could survive clandestinely. As its activity progressed in the 1930s, a long period of instability dominated its leadership organs as a result of repression, imprisonments, and disorganization. The CI continued to intervene in party affairs through the 1930s, until the PCP was expelled from the CI in 1938-39, apparently because of its conduct during police arrests.
       The years of 1939-41 were difficult ones for the party, not only because of increased domestic repression but also because of internal party splits provoked by the Nazi-Soviet pact and other foreign actions. From 1940 to 1941, two Communist parties struggled to attract the support of the CI and accused each other of "revisionism." The CI was disbanded in 1943, and the PCP was not accepted back into the international communist family until its recognition by the Cominform in 1947.
       The reorganization of 1940-41 finally put the PCP under the firm control of orthodox communists who viewed socialism from a Soviet perspective. Although Soviet support was denied the newly reorganized party at first, the new leaders continued its Stalinization. The enforcement of "democratic centralism" and insistence upon the "dictatorship of the proletariat" became entrenched. The 1940s brought increased growth, as the party reached its membership apex of the clandestine era with 1,200 members in 1943, approximately 4,800 in 1946, and 7,000 in 1947.
       The party fell on hard times in the 1950s. It developed a bad case of paranoia, which led to a witch hunt for infiltrators, informers, and spies in all ranks of the party. The lower membership figures who followed the united antifascist period were reduced further through expulsions of the "traitors." By 1951, the party had been reduced to only 1,000 members. It became a closed, sectarian, suspicious, and paranoiac organization, with diminished strength in almost every region, except in the Alentejo, where the party, through propaganda and ideology more than organizational strength, was able to mobilize strikes of landless peasants in the early 1950s.
       On 3 January 1960, Álvaro Cunhal and nine other political prisoners made a spectacular escape from the Peniche prison and fled the country. Soon after this escape, Cunhal was elected secretary-general and, with other top leaders, directed the PCP from exile. Trotskyite and Maoist fractions emerged within the party in the 1960s, strengthened by the ideological developments in the international communist movement, such as in China and Cuba. The PCP would not tolerate dissent or leftism and began purging the extreme left fractions.
       The PCP intensified its control of the labor movement after the more liberal syndical election regulations under Prime Minister Mar- cello Caetano allowed communists to run for leadership positions in the corporative unions. By 1973, there was general unrest in the labor movement due to deteriorating economic conditions brought on by the colonial wars, as well as by world economic pressures including the Arab oil boycott.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the PCP enjoyed a unique position: it was the only party to have survived the Estado Novo. It emerged from clandestinity as the best organized political party in Portugal with a leadership hardened by years in jail. Since then, despite the party's stubborn orthodoxy, it has consistently played an important role as a moderating force. As even the Socialist Party (PS) was swept up by the neoliberal tidal wave, albeit a more compassionate variant, increasingly the PCP has played a crucial role in ensuring that interests and perspectives of the traditional Left are aired.
       One of the most consistent planks of the PCP electoral platform has been opposition to every stage of European integration. The party has regularly resisted Portuguese membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and, following membership beginning in 1986, the party has regularly resisted further integration through the European Union (EU). A major argument has been that EU membership would not resolve Portugal's chronic economic problems but would only increase its dependence on the world. Ever since, the PCP has argued that its opposition to membership was correct and that further involvement with the EU would only result in further economic dependence and a consequent loss of Portuguese national sovereignty. Further, the party maintained that as Portugal's ties with the EU increased, the vulnerable agrarian sector in Portugal would risk further losses.
       Changes in PCP leadership may or may not alter the party's electoral position and role in the political system. As younger generations forget the uniqueness of the party's resistance to the Estado Novo, public images of PCP leadership will change. As the image of Álvaro Cunhal and other historical communist leaders slowly recedes, and the stature of Carlos Carvalhas (general secretary since 1992) and other moderate leaders is enhanced, the party's survival and legitimacy have strengthened. On 6 March 2001, the PCP celebrated its 80th anniversary.
        See also Left Bloc.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portuguese Communist Party

  • 9 imagen de la biblioteca

    Ex. The library's profile has changed from that of an archive to a place where help is sought at an early stage.
    * * *

    Ex: The library's profile has changed from that of an archive to a place where help is sought at an early stage.

    Spanish-English dictionary > imagen de la biblioteca

  • 10 Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de

    [br]
    b. 9 April 1864 Liverpool, England
    d. 13 January 1930 Zurich, Switzerland
    [br]
    English manufacturing engineer and inventor, a pioneer and early advocate of high-voltage alternating-current electric-power systems.
    [br]
    Ferranti, who had taken an interest in electrical and mechanical devices from an early age, was educated at St Augustine's College in Ramsgate and for a short time attended evening classes at University College, London. Rather than pursue an academic career, Ferranti, who had intense practical interests, found employment in 1881 with the Siemens Company (see Werner von Siemens) in their experimental department. There he had the opportunity to superintend the installation of electric-lighting plants in various parts of the country. Becoming acquainted with Alfred Thomson, an engineer, Ferranti entered into a short-lived partnership with him to manufacture the Ferranti alternator. This generator, with a unique zig-zag armature, had an efficiency exceeding that of all its rivals. Finding that Sir William Thomson had invented a similar machine, Ferranti formed a company with him to combine the inventions and produce the Ferranti- Thomson machine. For this the Hammond Electric Light and Power Company obtained the sole selling rights.
    In 1885 the Grosvenor Gallery Electricity Supply Corporation was having serious problems with its Gaulard and Gibbs series distribution system. Ferranti, when consulted, reviewed the design and recommended transformers connected across constant-potential mains. In the following year, at the age of 22, he was appointed Engineer to the company and introduced the pattern of electricity supply that was eventually adopted universally. Ambitious plans by Ferranti for London envisaged the location of a generating station of unprecedented size at Deptford, about eight miles (13 km) from the city, a departure from the previous practice of placing stations within the area to be supplied. For this venture the London Electricity Supply Corporation was formed. Ferranti's bold decision to bring the supply from Deptford at the hitherto unheard-of pressure of 10,000 volts required him to design suitable cables, transformers and generators. Ferranti planned generators with 10,000 hp (7,460 kW)engines, but these were abandoned at an advanced stage of construction. Financial difficulties were caused in part when a Board of Trade enquiry in 1889 reduced the area that the company was able to supply. In spite of this adverse situation the enterprise continued on a reduced scale. Leaving the London Electricity Supply Corporation in 1892, Ferranti again started his own business, manufacturing electrical plant. He conceived the use of wax-impregnated paper-insulated cables for high voltages, which formed a landmark in the history of cable development. This method of flexible-cable manufacture was used almost exclusively until synthetic materials became available. In 1892 Ferranti obtained a patent which set out the advantages to be gained by adopting sector-shaped conductors in multi-core cables. This was to be fundamental to the future design and development of such cables.
    A total of 176 patents were taken out by S.Z. de Ferranti. His varied and numerous inventions included a successful mercury-motor energy meter and improvements to textile-yarn produc-tion. A transmission-line phenomenon where the open-circuit voltage at the receiving end of a long line is greater than the sending voltage was named the Ferranti Effect after him.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1927. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1910 and 1911. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1924.
    Bibliography
    18 July 1882, British patent no. 3,419 (Ferranti's first alternator).
    13 December 1892, British patent no. 22,923 (shaped conductors of multi-core cables). 1929, "Electricity in the service of man", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 67: 125–30.
    Further Reading
    G.Z.de Ferranti and R. Ince, 1934, The Life and Letters of Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, London.
    A.Ridding, 1964, S.Z.de Ferranti. Pioneer of Electric Power, London: Science Museum and HMSO (a concise biography).
    R.H.Parsons, 1939, Early Days of the Power Station Industry, Cambridge, pp. 21–41.
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de

  • 11 verde

    adj.
    1 green.
    verde botella bottle green
    verde oliva olive (green)
    verde esmeralda emerald (green)
    2 unripe, green (poco maduro) (fruit).
    3 Green, green (ecologista).
    4 blue, dirty (obsceno).
    5 rookie, green.
    6 bawdy, hot, ribald, crude.
    m.
    1 green (color).
    2 foliage, green.
    3 nerd, swot, excessively assiduous student, grind.
    * * *
    1 (color) green
    2 (fruta) unripe, green; (madera) unseasoned
    3 figurado (persona) green, immature
    4 familiar (chiste) blue, dirty
    1 (color) green
    2 (hierba) grass
    3 PLÍTICA green
    \
    poner verde a alguien familiar to call somebody every name under the sun
    verde oliva olive green
    * * *
    noun m. adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (color) green
    - poner verde a algn
    2) [árbol, planta] green; [fruta, verdura] green, unripe; [legumbres] green; [madera] unseasoned
    3) [zona, espacio] green
    4) *
    [plan, proyecto]
    5) * (=sin experiencia) green *

    está muy verde — *he's very green *, he doesn't know a thing

    6) * [chiste, canción] smutty *, blue *, dirty
    7) (Pol) Green
    2. SM
    1) (=color) green
    2) (=hierba) grass; (=follaje) foliage, greenery; (=forraje) green fodder
    3) *
    (=billete) [de mil pesetas] 1,000-peseta note; [de un dólar] dollar bill, buck (EEUU) *, greenback (EEUU) *
    4)
    - darse un verde de algo
    5) ( Cono Sur) (=mate) maté
    6) ( Cono Sur) (=pasto) grass, pasture
    7) ( Cono Sur) (=ensalada) salad
    8) (And) (=plátano) plantain
    9) (Caribe, Méx) (=campo) country, countryside
    10) (Caribe)
    * (=policía) cop *
    3.
    SMF (Pol) Green

    los Verdes — the Greens, the Green Party

    * * *
    I
    1) <color/ojos/vestido> green

    zapatos verde claro/oscuro — light/dark green shoes

    ojos verde azulado — bluish o (BrE) bluey green eyes

    estar verde de envidia — (CS) to be green with envy

    2) < fruta> green, unripe; < leña> green

    estar verde — (fam) ( no tener experiencia) to be green (colloq); ( en una asignatura)

    3) (Pol) Green
    4) (fam) < chiste> dirty, blue (colloq); viejo II 1)
    II
    1) ( color) green; (Bot) greenery
    2) verde masculino y femenino (Pol) Green
    * * *
    I
    1) <color/ojos/vestido> green

    zapatos verde claro/oscuro — light/dark green shoes

    ojos verde azulado — bluish o (BrE) bluey green eyes

    estar verde de envidia — (CS) to be green with envy

    2) < fruta> green, unripe; < leña> green

    estar verde — (fam) ( no tener experiencia) to be green (colloq); ( en una asignatura)

    3) (Pol) Green
    4) (fam) < chiste> dirty, blue (colloq); viejo II 1)
    II
    1) ( color) green; (Bot) greenery
    2) verde masculino y femenino (Pol) Green
    * * *
    verde1
    1 = green [greener -comp., greenest -sup.], unripe, underripe, unripened.

    Ex: If the spot stays yellow the paper is decidedly acid; an in-between colour ( green, grey, grey-green, yellow-green) indicates mild acidity; while if the spot goes purple, the paper is near-neutral or alkaline.

    Ex: Unripe seeds do not have all the things they need to grow.
    Ex: Underripe and overripe melons had as much as 20% less lycopene than fully ripe melons, with maturity effects dependent on the variety.
    Ex: To ripen tomatoes, add a whole lime to unripened tomatoes in a paper bag and store at room temperature for a few days.
    * alerta verde = green alert.
    * Cabo Verde = Cape Verde.
    * color verde = green.
    * de color verde botella = bottle green.
    * de color verde oscuro = bottle green.
    * fruta verde = unripe fruit.
    * Islas de Cabo Verde = Cape Verde Islands.
    * judía verde = green bean, runner bean, French bean.
    * libro verde = green paper.
    * manzana verde = green apple.
    * menta verde = spearmint.
    * poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.
    * República de Cabo Verde = Cape Verde.
    * República de las Islas de Cabo Verde = Cape Verde Islands.
    * té verde = green tea.
    * verde aceituna = olive green.
    * verde botella = bottle green.
    * verde chillón = parrot green.
    * verde esmeralda = emerald green.
    * verde loro = parrot green.
    * verde manzana = apple green.
    * verde mar = sea green.
    * verde marino = sea green.
    * verde oliva = olive green.
    * verde pistacho = pistachio green.
    * verdes, los = green, the.
    * verde turquesa = turquoise green.
    * zona verde = grassy area.

    verde2
    2 = bawdy [bawdier -comp., bawdiest -sup.], racy [racier -comp., raciest -sup.], saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.], ribald.

    Ex: Their secondary aim was to print piratical, scurrilous and bawdy material for the people of Dublin.

    Ex: Today, nudity, sex, and excessive violence are not an issue and even the raciest films would garner a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, and most are even tamer than that.
    Ex: Although some British seaside resorts still sell saucy postcards, they are not as popular as they used to be.
    Ex: About this time several of the old crones of the tribe offered their ribald advice on how the new couple should conduct themselves off in the forest together.
    * viejo verde = dirty old man.

    * * *
    1 ‹color/ojos/vestido› green
    ponerse verde de envidia to turn o ( BrE) go green with envy
    el semáforo estaba (en) verde the traffic light was green
    estar verde de envidia (CS); to be green with envy
    poner verde a algn ( Esp fam) (hablando con algn) to call sb all the names under the sun, to give sb a dressing down; (hablando de algn) to say nasty things about sb, run sb down ( colloq), to slag sb off ( BrE colloq)
    2 (modificado por otro adj: inv) green
    zapatos verde claro/fuerte/oscuro light/bright/dark green shoes
    ojos verde azulado bluish o ( BrE) bluey green eyes
    B
    1 ‹fruta› green, unripe
    estar verde ( fam) (no tener experiencia) to be inexperienced o ( colloq) green
    (en una asignatura): está verde en historia he doesn't know the first thing about history ( colloq), he doesn't have have a clue o have the first idea about history ( colloq)
    el plan todavía está verde the plan is still in its very early stages
    2 ‹leña› green
    C ( Pol) ‹partido/movimiento› Green
    D ( fam); ‹chiste› dirty, blue ( colloq) viejo2 (↑ viejo (2))
    B (hierbas) greenery
    C ( Pol) Green
    los verdes the Greens
    D ( fam) (billete — de un dólar) greenback ( AmE colloq), dollar bill; ( obs Esp) (— de mil pesetas) 1,000 peseta note
    Compuestos:
    A masculine watery green
    B adj inv watery-green
    A masculine bottle green
    B adj inv bottle-green
    A masculine emerald green
    B adj inv emerald-green, emerald
    A masculine leaf green
    B adj inv leaf-green
    A masculine apple green
    B adj inv apple-green
    A masculine moss green
    B adj inv moss-green
    A masculine olive green
    B adj inv olive-green
    ● verde perico (Col, Ven)
    A masculine bright green
    B adj inv bright-green
    A masculine turquoise green
    B adj inv turquoise-green
    * * *

     

    verde adjetivo <s3 num="1" st="s"> ‹color/ojos/vestido› green;

    ojos verde azulado bluish o (BrE) bluey green eyes
    2 ‹ fruta› green, unripe;
    ‹ leña› green;


    ( en una asignatura):

    3 (Pol) Green
    4 (fam) ‹ chiste› dirty, blue (colloq)
    ■ sustantivo masculino ( color) green;
    (Bot) greenery
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino (Pol) Green;

    verde
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 (color) green
    verde esmeralda, emerald
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino Pol los Verdes, the Greens
    III adjetivo
    1 (de ese color) green
    verdes campos, green fields
    2 (fruto inmaduro) unripe, green
    3 Pol (ideología, partido) green
    4 familiar estar verde, (tener poca experiencia) to be green
    (estar en fase primeriza) su tesis está verde, his thesis is in its early stages
    5 fam (impúdico) dirty
    pey viejo verde, dirty old man
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar poner verde a alguien, to call sb every name under the sun

    ' verde' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cabo
    - chiste
    - entre
    - esmeralda
    - judía
    - luz
    - metalizada
    - metalizado
    - oliva
    - parque
    - pimiento
    - semáforo
    - tapete
    - tono
    - tuya
    - tuyo
    - una
    - uno
    - venir
    - zona
    - cebolleta
    - cinturón
    - claro
    - de
    - intermedio
    - ir
    - limón
    - poroto
    - vestir
    - viejo
    English:
    bean
    - blue
    - bottle-green
    - coarse
    - colour
    - come
    - dirty
    - French bean
    - go-ahead
    - green
    - green bean
    - green pepper
    - green salad
    - light
    - nod
    - olive green
    - pepper
    - raunchy
    - runner bean
    - slag off
    - smutty
    - trash
    - unripe
    - all
    - buck
    - dirty old man
    - emerald
    - go
    - hedge
    - hedgerow
    - immature
    - jade
    - lime
    - marrow
    - mint
    - raw
    - runner
    - spear
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [de color] green;
    Fam
    poner verde a alguien [por la espalda] to run sb down, Br to slag sb off, US to dump on sb;
    [delante] to tear into sb, to tear sb to pieces; RP Fam
    estar verde de envidia to be green with envy
    2. [poco maduro] [fruta] unripe, green;
    Fam [persona] green, wet behind the ears;
    el proyecto está aún verde the project is still very much in its early stages
    3. [ecologista] Green, green
    4. [obsceno] blue, dirty
    5. Esp Fam Antes
    billete verde = 1,000 peseta note
    ♦ nm
    [color] green;
    el verde es mi color favorito green is my favourite colour;
    cruzar con el semáforo en verde to cross when the lights are green
    verde agua pale blue-green;
    verde botella bottle green;
    RP verde cotorra bright green;
    verde esmeralda emerald green;
    verde lima lime green;
    verde manzana apple green;
    verde mar sea green;
    verde musgo moss green;
    verde oliva olive (green)
    ♦ nmpl
    los Verdes [partido] the Greens
    * * *
    I adj
    1 green;
    poner verde a alguien fam criticize s.o.
    2 fruta unripe
    3 fam
    chiste blue, dirty;
    viejo verde dirty old man
    II m
    1 green;
    verde botella/oliva bottle/olive green
    2
    :
    los verdes POL the Greens
    * * *
    verde adj
    1) : green (in color)
    2) : green, unripe
    3) : inexperienced, green
    4) : dirty, risqué
    verde nm
    : green
    * * *
    verde1 adj
    1. (en general) green
    2. (no maduro) not ripe
    no comas este melocotón, está verde don't eat this peach, it's not ripe
    3. (obsceno) dirty [comp. dirtier; superl. dirtiest]
    verde2 n green

    Spanish-English dictionary > verde

  • 12 Catholic church

       The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.
       In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.
       Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.
       The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.
       With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.
       After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.
       Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Catholic church

  • 13 enfance

    enfance [ɑ̃fɑ̃s]
    feminine noun
    ( = jeunesse) childhood
    * * *
    ɑ̃fɑ̃s
    1) ( période) childhood; ( de garçon) boyhood; ( de fille) girlhood
    2) ( enfants) children (pl)
    3) ( début) dawn
    ••
    * * *
    ɑ̃fɑ̃s nf
    1) (= âge) childhood

    Je le connais depuis l'enfance. — I've known him since I was a child.

    2) fig infancy
    3) (= enfants) children pl
    * * *
    enfance nf
    1 ( période) childhood; ( de garçon) boyhood; ( de fille) girlhood; la petite enfance early childhood;
    2 ( enfants) children (pl);
    3 ( début) dawn.
    retomber en enfance to lapse into second childhood; c'est l'enfance de l'art it's child's play.
    [ɑ̃fɑ̃s] nom féminin
    1. [période de la vie - généralement] childhood ; [ - d'un garçon] boyhood ; [ - d'une fille] girlhood
    la petite enfance infancy, babyhood, early childhood
    2. [enfants] children
    l'enfance délinquante/malheureuse delinquant/unhappy children
    3. [commencement] infancy, start, early stage
    ————————
    d'enfance locution adjectivale
    childhood (modificateur)

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > enfance

  • 14 młodoś|ć

    f sgt 1. (okres w życiu) youth
    - błędy/grzechy/szaleństwa młodości the mistakes/sins/madness of youth
    - fotografie z okresu wczesnej młodości photographs from one’s early youth
    - mieć beztroską/szczęśliwą/smutną młodość to have a carefree/happy/sad youth
    - młodość ma swoje prawa young people have their rights
    - przywileje młodości privileges of youth
    - w młodości marzył o podróżach do dalekich krajów when young, he dreamt about a. of travelling around the world
    - spędzić/strawić młodość na czymś to spend/to waste one’s youth on sth
    - młodość musi się wyszumieć young people must have their fling
    - eliksir młodości the elixir of youth
    - zachować młodość to preserve one’s youth
    - od młodości interesował się astrologią he’s been interested in astrology since he was young
    2. (początek) young days
    - młodość cywilizacji/społeczeństwa/kultury/państwa the early days of a civilization/a society/a culture/a country
    - młodość gwiazdy the early stage of a star’s life
    ■ być nie pierwszej młodości [osoba] to be past one’s prime; [ubranie, samochód] to have seen better days
    - kobieta nie pierwszej młodości a woman past her prime
    - druga młodość second youth
    - pierwsza młodość the early years a. early youth
    - w rozkwicie młodości in the prime of life
    - wieczna młodość eternal youth

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > młodoś|ć

  • 15 Ransome, Robert

    [br]
    b. 1753 Wells, Norfolk, England
    d. 1830 England
    [br]
    English inventor of a self-sharpening ploughshare and all-metal ploughs with interchangeable pans.
    [br]
    The son of a Quaker schoolmaster, Ransome served his apprenticeship with a Norfolk iron manufacturer and then went into business on his own in the same town, setting up one of the first brass and iron foundries in East Anglia. At an early stage of his career he was selling into Norfolk and Suffolk, well beyond the boundaries to be expected from a local craftsman. He achieved this through the use of forty-seven agents acting on his behalf. In 1789, with one employee and £200 capital, he transferred to Ipswich, where the company was to remain and where there was easier access to both raw materials and his markets. It was there that he discovered that cooling one part of a metal share during its casting could result in a self-sharpening share, and he patented the process in 1785.
    Ransome won a number of awards at the early Bath and West shows, a fact which demonstrates the extent of his markets. In 1808 he patented an all-metal plough made up of interchangeable parts, and the following year was making complete ploughs for sale. With interchangeable parts he was able to make composite ploughs suitable for a wide variety of conditions and therefore with potential markets all over the country.
    In 1815 he was joined by his son James, and at about the same time by William Cubitt. With the expertise of the latter the firm moved into bridge building and millwrighting, and was therefore able to withstand the agricultural depression which began to affect other manufacturers from about 1815. In 1818, under Cubitt's direction, Ransome built the gas-supply system for the town of Ipswich. In 1830 his grandson James Ransome joined the firm, and it was under his influence that the agricultural side was developed. There was a great expansion in the business after 1835.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.E.Ransome, 1865, Ploughs and Ploughing at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester in 1865, in which he outlined the accepted theories of the day.
    J.B.Passmore, 1930, The English Plough, Reading: University of Reading (provides a history of plough development from the eighth century to the in ter-war period).
    Ransome's Royal Records 1789–1939, produced by the company; D.R.Grace and D.C.Phillips, 1975, Ransomes of Ipswich, Reading: Institute of Agricultural History, Reading University (both provide information about Ransome in a more general account about the company and its products; Reading University holds the company archives).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Ransome, Robert

  • 16 шаг

    pitch, step, pace, spacing
    • Быстро пройдем по произведенным нами шагам, чтобы рассмотреть... - We retrace our steps for a moment to consider...
    • Давайте подытожим различные шаги, ведущие к... - Let us summarize the various steps leading to...
    • Доказательство (теоремы) довольно длинное, поэтому мы разобьем его на несколько шагов. - The proof is rather long, so we shall break it up into several steps.
    • Метод состоит из двух шагов. - The approach is in two steps.
    • Мы можем исправить эту ситуацию, выполнив два шага. - We can remedy this situation by taking two steps.
    • Мы проделаем это в несколько шагов, первым из которых является... - We carry this out in several stages, the first of which is...
    • На следующем шаге существенно рассмотреть... - At a subsequent stage it is essential to consider...
    • Первым шагом мы заметим, что... - Our first step is to notice that...
    • Последний шаг в развитии (идеи и т. п.) достигается (путем)... - The final stage of the development is reached by...
    • Следовательно, следующим естественным шагом является идея, что... - It is thus a natural step to think of...
    • Следующий шаг состоит в том, чтобы рассмотреть... - The next step is to consider...
    • Следующим логическим шагом было... - The next logical step was to...
    • Следующим нашим шагом будет описание... - Our next task is to describe...
    • Следующим очевидным шагом является... - The next obvious step is to...
    • На следующем шаге будет продемонстрировано, что... - Next it will be shown that...
    • Следующим шагом стало применение идеи... - The next step was to apply the idea of...
    • Чтобы избавить будущих исследователей от того же неверного шага... - То spare future investigators the same difficulties,...
    • Эта терминология возникла на ранних шагах физики частиц. - This terminology dates from the early days of particle physics.

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > шаг

  • 17 Browning And Stem Break

    " Browning " is a very familiar feature in flax fields in the North of Ireland. It begins to appear not long before pulling time, in more or less isolated and restricted spots. These, however, rapidly spread in extent, particularly under wet weather conditions, until the whole crop takes on a brown appearance instead of being of a golden-yellow colour. " Browning" considerably reduces the yield of fibre; and, since it is a fungus disease, which, like seedling " blight," is transmitted by means of infected seed, no attempt should be made to save seed for sowing purposes from a crop suffering from " browning," since no satisfactory practical method of rendering infected seed free from the disease has yet been worked out. " Stem-break " is caused by the same fungus as that which causes " browning " and results when the attack is fairly low down on the stem, and at an early stage. Owing to the attack the tissues of the stem are weakened and the latter becomes partially fractured, although often not entirely killed.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Browning And Stem Break

  • 18 система утверждения рекламных материалов

    1. promotional materials approval system
    2. PMAS

     

    система утверждения рекламных материалов
    Маркетинг-партнерам следует представлять на предварительное письменное одобрение любые маркетинговые и рекламные материалы, относящиеся к Играм. Представление этих материалов группе ОКОИ по работе с клиентами должно происходить на стадии разработки концепции, задолго до начала производства, публикации, распространения, продажи или использования этих материалов. Ранний отклик со стороны ОКОИ позволит устранить любые потенциальные проблемы и значительно упростит и ускорит процесс утверждения.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    promotional materials approval system (PMAS)
    Marketing partners are required to submit for prior written approval all Games-related marketing, advertising and promotional materials. Submission of these materials to the OCOG account management team should be made at an early stage of the concept development, well before the commencement of production, publication, distribution, sale or use of these items. Early input from the OCOG will flush out any potential issues and ensure a smoother and quicker approval process.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > система утверждения рекламных материалов

  • 19 νήπιος

    νήπῐος, α (Sor.1.7, al.), [dialect] Ion. η, ον, also ος, ον Lyc.638:—
    A infant, child, freq. in Hom.,

    νήπιον, οὔ πω εἰδόθ' ὁμοιίου πολέμοιο Il.9.440

    ;

    νήπια τέκνα 2.136

    , etc.;

    βρέφος ἔτ' ὄντα ν. E. Ion 1399

    , cf. Andr. 755, etc.;

    νηπίους ἔτι Id.Heracl. 956

    ;

    τὸ ν. Pl.Ax. 366d

    ;

    ἁρμόττουσα τοῖς ν. [πλαταγή] Arist.Pol. 1340b30

    ; ἐκ νηπίου from a child, from infancy,

    [τὸ ἡδὺ] ἐκ ν. ἡμῖν συντέθραπται Id.EN 1105a2

    ;

    ἐκ νηπίων Plb.4.20.8

    ;

    ἐκ ν. ἡλικίας PFlor.36.5

     (iv A.D.); infant in law, minor,

    ἐφ' ὅσον ὁ κληρονόμος ν. ἐστιν Ep.Gal.4.1

    ; of children up to puberty,

    αἱ τῶν ν. ἐκλάμψιες Hp.Epid.6.1.4

     (cf. Herophil. ap. Gal.17(1).826); but of the foetus in its early stage, Hp.Aph.4.1 (cf. Gal.17(1).653).
    2 less freq. of animals, Il.2.311, 11.113; νήπια alone, the young of an animal, 17.134.
    3 of plants, Thphr.HP8.1.7.
    II metaph.,
    1 of the understanding, childish, silly, Od.13.237;

    μέγα ν. Il.16.46

    , cf. Od.9.44; simply, without foresight, blind, Il.22.445;

    ἀνὴρ ν. Heraclit.79

    , cf. Emp.11.1, Pi.P.3.82, A.Pr. 443, Democr.76, etc.;

    ν. ὃς.. γονέων ἐπιλάθεται S.El. 145

     (lyr.); οὔτε πρὶν νήπιον, νῦν τ'.. μέγαν no child before and now full-grown (i.e. in mind), Id.OT 652 (lyr.); of words,

    νήπια βάζεις Pi.Fr. 157

    ;

    ἀντιτείνειν νήπι' ἀντὶ νηπίων E.Med. 891

    ;

    μηδὲν εἴπῃς ν. Ar.Nu. 105

    .
    2 of bodily strength, like that of a child,

    βίη δέ τε ν. αὐτῶν Il.11.561

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > νήπιος

  • 20 dynamic programming

    Gen Mgt
    a mathematical technique used in management science to solve complex problems in the fields of production planning and inventory control. Dynamic programming divides the problem into subproblems or decision stages that can be addressed sequentially, normally by working backward from the last stage. Applications of the technique include maintenance and replacement of equipment, resource allocation, and process design and control. The term comes from the work of Richard Bellman published in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

    The ultimate business dictionary > dynamic programming

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • stage — A partition of the software effort that is of a manageable size and that represents a meaningful and measurable set of related tasks performed by the project. Usually considered a subdivision of a software life cycle and is often ended with a… …   Financial and business terms

  • stage design — Aesthetic composition of a dramatic production as created by lighting, scenery, costumes, and sound. While elements such as painted screens and wheeled platforms were used in the Greek theatre of the 4th century BC, most innovations in stage… …   Universalium

  • stage — {{11}}stage (n.) mid 13c., story of a building, raised floor for exhibitions, from O.Fr. estage a story or floor of a building, stage for performance, from V.L. *staticum a place for standing, from L. statum, pp. of stare to stand (see STET (Cf.… …   Etymology dictionary

  • early on — adverb during an early stage early on in her career • Syn: ↑early * * * adverb 1. Britain : at or during an early stage (as in a process) the reasons were obvious early on in the experiment 2 …   Useful english dictionary

  • Early Middle Ages — The Early Middle Ages is a period in the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 to 1000. [Events used to mark the period s beginning include the sack of Rome by the Goths (410) …   Wikipedia

  • Early childhood intervention — Developmental therapy redirects here. For other developmental therapies, see Alternative therapies for developmental and learning disabilities. Early childhood intervention is a support system for children with developmental disabilities or… …   Wikipedia

  • early — ear|ly1 W1S1 [ˈə:li US ˈə:rli] adj comparative earlier superlative earliest ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(first part)¦ 2¦(before usual)¦ 3¦(beginning)¦ 4¦(new thing)¦ 5 the early hours 6 an early start 7 at/from an early age …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • Early history of Cambodia — Prehistoric Cambodia is sparsely known. The earliest known site in Cambodia is Laang Spean cave which occupies the country s northwest region. Laang Spean cave was first occupied beginning in 7000 B.C. [Sara Louise Kras: Cambodia , Scholastic,… …   Wikipedia

  • Early Modern literature — The history of literature of the Early Modern period (16th, 17th and partly 18th century literature). Early Modern literature succeeds Medieval literature, and in Europe in particular Renaissance literature.In Europe, the Early Modern period… …   Wikipedia

  • Early political career of Sarah Palin — Wasilla City Hall Location of Wasilla, Alaska …   Wikipedia

  • Stage (stratigraphy) — In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in an single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition. A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»