framework+technology

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1) (any one of the bones which curve round and forward from the backbone, enclosing the heart and lungs.) kylkiluu

2) (one of the curved pieces of wood which are joined to the keel to form the framework of a boat.) tukikaari

3) (a vertical raised strip in eg knitted material, or the pattern formed by a row of these.) kohojuova

4) (any of a number of things similar in shape, use etc to a rib, eg one of the supports for the fabric of an aeroplane wing or of an umbrella.) ruode

•

- ribbed

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1) (a flat, movable, often folding, covered framework for preventing a person etc from being seen, for decoration, or for protection from heat, cold etc: Screens were put round the patient's bed; a tapestry fire-screen.) irtoseinä

2) (anything that so protects etc a person etc: He hid behind the screen of bushes; a smokescreen.) suoja, verho

3) (the surface on which films or television pictures appear: cinema/television/radar screen.) valkokangas, kuvaruutu

1) (to hide, protect or shelter: The tall grass screened him from view.) suojata

2) (to make or show a cinema film.) esittää, filmata

3) (to test for loyalty, reliability etc.) tutkia

4) (to test for a disease: Women should be regularly screened for cancer.) tutkia

•

- screenplay

* * *

1) (the wooden framework upon which a ship is supported when being built, repaired etc.) telapohja

2) (formerly a wooden frame in which a criminal was fastened as a punishment.) jalkapuu

• Action Programme on Skills Development

• Agenda for Science and Technology Industry Cooperation into the 21st Century

• Blueprint for Action on Electronic Commerce

• Business Club

• Business Travel Cards

• Centre for Entrepreneurship Development for SMEs

• CEO Summit

• CEO Summit meeting

• Chief Human Resources Officers Network

• Electronic Commerce Task Force

• Energy Supply and Demand

• Framework for Capacity Building Initiatives on Emergency Preparedness

• Ministers Responsible for Trade Meeting

• Network for business search and opportunities

• Network of skills development centres

• Study Centres

• Task Force

• Youth Science Festival

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy, Mining and extraction technology

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A scholar of the Mining Academy in Freiberg, who in his dissertation dealt with the fineness of coal dust, Rammler started experiments in 1925 relating to firing this material. In the USA this process, based on coal, had turned out to be very effective in large boiler furnaces. Rammler endeavoured to apply the process to lignite and pursued general research work on various thermochemical problems as well as methods of grinding and classifying. As producing power from lignite was of specific interest for the young Soviet Union, with its large demand from its new power stations and its as-yet unexploited lignite deposits, he soon came into contact with the Soviet authorities. In his laboratory in Dresden, which he had bought from the freelance metallurgist Paul Otto Rosin after his emigration and under whom he had been working since he left the Academy, he continued his studies in refining coal and soon gained an international reputation. He opened up means of producing coke from lignite for use in metallurgical processes.

His later work was of utmost importance after the Second World War when several countries in Eastern Europe, especially East Germany with its large lignite deposits, established their own iron and steel industries. Accordingly, the Soviet administration supported his experiments vigorously after he joined Karl Kegel's Institute for Briquetting in Freiberg in 1945. Through his numerous books and articles, he became the internationally leading expert on refining lignite and Kegel's successor as head of the Institute and Professor at the Bergakademie. Six years later, he produced for the first time high-temperature coke from lignite low in ash and sulphur for smelting in low-shaft furnaces. Rammler was widely honoured and contributed decisively to the industrial development of his country; he demonstrated new technological processes when, under austere conditions, economical and ecological considerations were neglected.

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SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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Sullivan, a Bostonian, studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soon he joined his parents, who had moved to Chicago, and worked for a while in the office of William Le Baron Jenney, the pioneer of steel-frame construction. After spending some time studying at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, in 1875 Sullivan returned to Chicago, where he later met and worked for the Danish architect Dankmar Adler, who was practising there. In 1881 the two architects became partners, and during the succeeding fifteen years they produced their finest work and the buildings for which Sullivan is especially known.

During the early 1880s in Chicago, load-bearing, metal-framework structures that made lofty skyscrapers possible had been developed (see Jenney and Holabird). Louis H.Sullivan initiated building design to stress and complement the metal structure rather than hide it. Moving onwards from H.H.Richardson's treatment of his Marshall Field Wholesale Store in Chicago, Sullivan took the concept several stages further. His first outstanding work, built with Adler in 1886–9, was the Auditorium Building in Chicago. The exterior, in particular, was derived largely from Richardson's Field Store, and the building—now restored—is of bold but simple design, massively built in granite and stone, its form stressing the structure beneath. The architects' reputation was established with this building.

The firm of Sullivan \& Adler established itself during the early 1890s, when they built their most famous skyscrapers. Adler was largely responsible for the structure, the acoustics and function, while Sullivan was responsible for the architectural design, concerning himself particularly with the limitation and careful handling of ornament. In 1892 he published his ideas in Ornament in Architecture, where he preached restraint in its quality and disposition. He established himself as a master of design in the building itself, producing a rhythmic simplicity of form, closely related to the structural shape beneath. The two great examples of this successful approach were the Wainwright Building in St Louis, Missouri (1890–1) and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York (1894–5). The Wainwright Building was a ten-storeyed structure built in stone and brick and decorated with terracotta. The vertical line was stressed throughout but especially at the corners, where pilasters were wider. These rose unbroken to an Art Nouveau type of decorative frieze and a deeply projecting cornice above. The thirteen-storeyed Guaranty Building is Sullivan's masterpiece, a simple, bold, finely proportioned and essentially modern structure. The pilaster verticals are even more boldly stressed and decoration is at a minimum. In the twentieth century the almost free-standing supporting pillars on the ground floor have come to be called pilotis. As late as the 1920s, particularly in New York, the architectural style and decoration of skyscrapers remained traditionally eclectic, based chiefly upon Gothic or classical forms; in view of this, Sullivan's Guaranty Building was far ahead of its time.

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adoption agreement договор об усыновлении (удочерении) affiliation agreement соглашение о переходе под контроль другой компании agency agreement агентский договор agency agreement агентское соглашение agency agreement договор о посредничестве agency agreement соглашение о посредничестве agency agreement соглашение об агентских услугах agreement договор, соглашение; agreement by piece сдельная плата agreement договор agreement договоренность agreement контракт agreement совпадение agreement (взаимное) согласие; agreement of opinion единомыслие; to come to an agreement прийти к соглашению agreement согласие agreement грам. согласование agreement соглашение agreement соглашение (документ) agreement соответствие agreement договор, соглашение; agreement by piece сдельная плата agreement for exchange of goods соглашение об обмене товарами agreement in principle принципиальная договоренность agreement in principle принципиальное согласие agreement in writing письменная договоренность agreement (взаимное) согласие; agreement of opinion единомыслие; to come to an agreement прийти к соглашению agreement of purchase and sale договор купли-продажи agreement on budget соглашение о бюджете agreement on European economic cooperation договор о европейском экономическом сотрудничестве agreement on European economic space договор о европейском экономическом пространстве agreement on scope of authority юр. договор об объеме полномочий agreement on tax reform соглашение о налоговой реформе agreement on transfer of ownership договор о передаче собственности agreement on venue юр. согласие о месте рассмотрения дела agreement to be fined summarily закон.наказ. согласие на наложение штрафа в упрощенном порядке agreement to sell соглашение о продаже antenuptial agreement сем.право добрачный договор arbitration agreement арбитражное соглашение arrive at agreement достигать соглашения arrive at agreement приходить к соглашению assistance agreement соглашение о содействии association agreement договор о сотрудничестве author-publisher agreement договор автора с издателем barter agreement соглашение о товарообмене basic agreement основное соглашение basic agreement учредительное соглашение biennial wage agreement двухгодичное соглашение о заработной плате bilateral agreement двусторонний договор bilateral trade agreement двустороннее торговое соглашение binding agreement обязывающий договор blanket agreement общее соглашение block an agreement прекращать действие договора bona fide agreement справедливое соглашение bring into agreement приводить в действие соглашение с brokerage agreement агентский договор, договор представительства building loan agreement контракт на получение ссуды на строительство call-off purchase agreement соглашение о покупке с последующей поставкой cancel an agency agreement расторгать агентское соглашение cancel an agreement аннулировать соглашение care agreement соглашение по уходу (за больным, инвалидом и т. п.) cartel agreement картельное соглашение clearing agreement двусторонний клиринг clearing agreement соглашение о расчетах closed-shop agreement соглашение о приеме на работу только членов определенного профсоюза closing agreement соглашение о взимании налогов coalition agreement соглашение о коалиции collection agreement соглашение об инкассировании collective agreement коллективный договор collective: agreement коллективный; совместный; совокупный; collective agreement коллективный договор collective agreement extension распространение положений коллективного договора на смежные области collective bargaining agreement коллективный договор collective labour agreement коллективное трудовое соглашение collective labour agreement коллективный трудовой договор collective piecework agreement коллективный договор о сдельной работе collective wage agreement коллективное соглашение о заработной плате agreement (взаимное) согласие; agreement of opinion единомыслие; to come to an agreement прийти к соглашению commodity agreement товарное соглашение company agreement договор с компанией compensation agreement компенсационное соглашение conclude an agreement заключать соглашение concluded agreement заключенное соглашение conditional sale agreement соглашение об условной продаже conference agreement картельное соглашение судовладельцев conservation agreement договор об охране природы consignment agreement договор о поставке товара consignment agreement консигнационное соглашение consortium agreement соглашения о консорциуме consumer agreement договор с потребителем contractual agreement соглашение, основанное на договоре control agreement соглашение о контроле cooperation agreement соглашение о сотрудничестве credit agreement соглашение о кредитовании credit sale agreement соглашение о продаже в кредит customer agreement договор с покупателем delivery agreement соглашение о доставке deposit agreement депозитное соглашение deposit agreement соглашение об открытии счета в банке derogation agreement соглашение о частичной отмене закона draft agreement проект соглашения exchange agreement соглашение об обмене exclusion agreement соглашение о запрещении въезда в страну exclusive agreement эксклюзивное соглашение exclusive dealing agreement соглашение об исключительном праве торговли express agreement точно сформулированное соглашение fictitious agreement фиктивное соглашение formal agreement формальное соглашение formation agreement соглашение об учреждении framework agreement принципиальное соглашение franchising agreement соглашение о предоставлении привилегии free trade agreement соглашение о свободной торговле general agreement генеральное соглашение general agreement общее соглашение general average agreement (GAA) мор.страх. соглашение по общей аварии gentlemen's agreement джентльменское соглашение governmental agreement правительственное соглашение hire-purchase agreement договор о купле-продаже в рассрочку hybrid agreement смешанное соглашение industrial peace agreement соглашение о мирном разрешении трудовых конфликтов industry-wide collective agreement коллективный договор для всей отрасли informal agreement неофициальное соглашение instalment agreement соглашение о частичных платежах insurance agreement договор страхования intercompany agreement межфирменное соглашение intergovernmental agreement межправительственное соглашение interim agreement временное соглашение joint agreement совместное соглашение joint agreement совместный договор joint sales agreement соглашение о совместной продаже joint venture agreement соглашение о совместном предприятии labour agreement трудовое соглашение lease agreement договор о найме lease agreement договор об аренде lease agreement соглашение о сдаче в аренду leasing agreement соглашение о долгосрочной аренде licence agreement лицензионное соглашение license agreement лицензионное соглашение license agreement лицензия licensing agreement лицензионное соглашение limited partnership agreement соглашение о создании компании с ограниченной ответственностью litigation agreement судебное соглашение loan agreement договор о ссуде loan agreement контракт на получение кредита loan agreement кредитное соглашение loan agreement соглашение между эмитентом ценных бумаг и синдикатом гарантов long-term agreement долгосрочное соглашение maintenace agreement договор о содержании, соглашение о содержании (ребенка, инвалида, пожилого человека) make an agreement заключать соглашение make an agreement приходить к соглашению management agreement соглашение с администрацией market sharing agreement соглашение о разделе рынка marketing agreement соглашение о сбыте продукции master agreement соглашение двух сторон об основных условиях свопов, которые будут заключены между ними в течение оговоренного срока mediation agreement арбитражное соглашение merger agreement договор о слиянии (компаний) model agreement типовой договор monetary agreement валютное соглашение multilateral agreement многостороннее соглашение multilateral trade agreement многостороннее торговое соглашение nondisclosure agreement соглашение о неразглашении open agreement открытое соглашение oral agreement устное соглашение parol agreement простое соглашение parol agreement соглашение не за печатью parol agreement устное соглашение partnership agreement договор о партнерстве partnership agreement договор о сотрудничестве party to an agreement сторона в договоре patent licensing agreement соглашение о патентной лицензии pay agreement платежное соглашение payment agreement платежное соглашение pension agreement договор о пенсионном обеспечении pension agreement пенсионный договор permanent agreement долгосрочное соглашение permanent agreement постоянное соглашение piece-work agreement договор о сдельной работе political agreement политическое соглашение pool scheme agreement соглашение об объединении пенсионных фондов нескольких предприятий portfolio management agreement соглашение об управлении портфелем ценных бумаг preferential agreement преференциальное соглашение preliminary agreement предварительное соглашение previous agreement предыдущее соглашение price agreement принятие цены price agreement соглашение о ценах private agreement конфиденциальное соглашение pro forma agreement формальное соглашение promotion agreement договор об учреждении, основании (акционерного общества, компании) purchase agreement соглашение о покупке quota agreement соглашение о квоте reach an agreement достигать соглашения reciprocity agreement соглашение, основанное на взаимности regulated agreement регулируемое соглашение reverse repurchase agreement покупка ценных бумаг с совершением через некоторое время обратной операции revolving credit agreement соглашение о возобновляемом кредите rough agreement вчт. приближенное согласие sailing agreement соглашение о навигации salary agreement соглашение о заработной плате sales agreement договор о продаже salvage agreement соглашение о производстве спасательных работ salvage agreement спасательный контракт, соглашение о производстве спасательных работ salvage agreement спасательный контракт secrecy agreement секретное соглашение selling group agreement соглашение, на основе которого группа банков размещает новый заем separate agreement соглашение о раздельном жительстве супругов separation agreement соглашение о раздельном жительстве супругов settlement agreement соглашение об урегулировании претензий shareholders' agreement соглашение между акционерами short-term agreement краткосрочное соглашение sidestep an agreement отступать от соглашения skeleton agreement набросок договора special agreement специальное соглашение specialization agreement соглашение о специализации sponsoring agreement соглашение о финансировании stevedoring agreement договор о погрузке или разгрузке корабля stowage agreement договор на стивидорные работы subordination agreement соглашение о подчинении supplementary agreement дополнительное соглашение swap agreement соглашение о получении иностранной валюты на короткий срок в обмен на национальную для целей валютных интервенций swap agreement exc. соглашение о свопах tacit agreement юр. молчаливое согласие tariff agreement соглашение о тарифах tariff agreement тарифное соглашение tax agreement соглашение о налогах technology transfer agreement соглашение о передаче технологии tenancy agreement арендное соглашение tenancy agreement арендный договор tenancy agreement договор об аренде tentative agreement предварительное соглашение term repurchase agreement соглашение о покупке акций с последующим их выкупом через определенный срок и по обусловленной цене terminate an agreement аннулировать соглашение terminate an agreement прекращать действие договора trade agreement торговое соглашение tripartite agreement трехстороннее соглашение truce agreement соглашение о перемирии verbal agreement договоренность verbal agreement устное соглашение wage agreement коллективный договор wage agreement соглашение о ставках заработной платы war risk agreement соглашение о военных рисках

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