foreign+to

exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).

Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 435:

vis,

id. 2, 277:

haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

exterarum gentium multitudo,

Suet. Caes. 84:

non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

apud exteras civitates,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

apud exteras nationes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

ad nationes exteras,

Quint. 11, 1, 89:

apud exteros,

Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

ad extera corporum,

id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—

Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

colle exteriore occupato,

id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

id. ib. 7, 74:

comes exterior,

i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—

Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].

extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

extremior,

App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

extremissimus,

Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).

Lit.:

extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

fines,

Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

id. 40, 16, 5:

impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

Tanaïs,

id. C. 3, 10, 1:

in extrema fere parte epistolae,

near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

in codicis extrema cera,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

quibus (litteris) in extremis,

at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

in qua (epistola) extrema,

id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

in extremo libro tertio,

at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

in extrema oratione,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

ab extremo agmine,

id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

in extrema Cappadocia,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

quod finitum est, habet extremum,

id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

quod erat in extremo,

id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

in extremo montis,

Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

extrema agminis,

Liv. 6, 32, 11:

extrema Africae,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

extrema Galliae,

Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—

Trop.

In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

mensis anni Februarius,

Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

tempore diei,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

Liv. 37, 53, 8:

matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

extremo anno,

Liv. 2, 64, 1:

extremo tempore,

in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

extrema pueritia,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

extremo Peloponnesio bello,

Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

extremus dominorum,

Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

die extremum erat,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

extremum aestatis,

id. ib. 90, 1:

extremo anni,

Liv. 35, 11, 1:

sub extremum noctis,

Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.

For the last time:

alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—

At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

ad extremum,

id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

id. Sest. 47, 100:

decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

ad extremum,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

for which: in extremum (durare),

id. H. 7, 111:

qui extremo mortuus est,

at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

extremo,

Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—

Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.

The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

extremam famem sustentare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

extremam rationem belli sequens,

id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

in extremis suis rebus,

in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

res,

Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

ad extrema perventum est,

Curt. 4, 14, 14:

ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

Liv. 2, 47, 8:

compellere ad extrema deditionis,

to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

plura de extremis loqui,

id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

res publica in extremo sita,

Sall. C. 52, 11;

Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—

The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

mancipia,

Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

latrones,

App. M. 3, p. 131:

quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

Just. 15, 1:

alimenta vitae,

Tac. A. 6, 24:

extremi ingenii est,

Liv. 22, 29, 8.—

extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

circum caesura membrorum,

Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

promontorium Oceani,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

gentes,

id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

Apuliae extima,

the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

externus, a, um, adj. [exter], outward, external (class.).

In gen.:

nec enim ille externus et adventicius habendus est tepor, sed ex intimis maris partibus agitatione excitatus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 26:

externa et adventicia visio,

id. Div. 2, 58, 120:

corpus,

id. N. D. 1, 11, 26:

pulsus,

id. Rep. 6, 26:

domina rerum externarum,

id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25:

commoda vel incommoda,

id. Top. 23, 89:

bona,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 35:

vir rebus externis magis laudandus quam institutis domesticis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.— Subst.:

externi ne quid,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 87:

nos autem illa externa cum multis: haec interiora cum paucis ex ipso saepe cognovimus,

outward goods, Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 4.—

In partic., with respect to one's family or country, of or belonging to another country, foreign, strange (syn.: alienus, peregrinus;

opp. noster, domesticus, oppidanus, etc.): auxilia (opp. domesticae opes),

Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

qui (dii) jam non procul ab externo hoste atque propinquo, sed hic praesentes sua templa defendunt,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

hostis (opp. oppidani),

Hirt. B. G. 8, 37, 2; cf.

bella (opp. civilia),

Quint. 8, 3, 78:

neque haec externa vobis est religio neque aliena,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

superstitiones,

Tac. A. 11, 15:

quam minime peregrina et externa verba,

Quint. 8, 1, 2:

verba (opp. nostra),

id. 1, 5, 58:

apud externos populos,

Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64:

gens,

Verg. A. 7, 367:

in externis locis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9 fin.:

gratiae,

Tac. A. 12, 15:

mores,

id. ib. 11, 16; cf.:

mutatio morum,

Curt. 8, 5:

amor,

i. e. for a foreigner, Ov. H. 5, 102:

orbis,

i. e. Asia and Africa, Plin. 22, 24, 56, § 118 et saep.—As subst. in masc. and neutr.:

canum tam amans dominorum adulatio tantumque odium in externos,

towards strangers, Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: externa libentius quam domestica recordor, id. Off. 2, 8, 26: externa armis falsis velare, hostile feelings or designs, Tac. H. 4, 32:

moliri,

id. ib. 3, 5.

exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).

Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 435:

vis,

id. 2, 277:

haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

exterarum gentium multitudo,

Suet. Caes. 84:

non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

apud exteras civitates,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

apud exteras nationes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

ad nationes exteras,

Quint. 11, 1, 89:

apud exteros,

Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

ad extera corporum,

id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—

Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

colle exteriore occupato,

id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

id. ib. 7, 74:

comes exterior,

i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—

Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].

extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

extremior,

App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

extremissimus,

Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).

Lit.:

extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

fines,

Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

id. 40, 16, 5:

impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

Tanaïs,

id. C. 3, 10, 1:

in extrema fere parte epistolae,

near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

in codicis extrema cera,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

quibus (litteris) in extremis,

at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

in qua (epistola) extrema,

id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

in extremo libro tertio,

at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

in extrema oratione,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

ab extremo agmine,

id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

in extrema Cappadocia,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

quod finitum est, habet extremum,

id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

quod erat in extremo,

id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

in extremo montis,

Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

extrema agminis,

Liv. 6, 32, 11:

extrema Africae,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

extrema Galliae,

Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—

Trop.

In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

mensis anni Februarius,

Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

tempore diei,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

Liv. 37, 53, 8:

matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

extremo anno,

Liv. 2, 64, 1:

extremo tempore,

in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

extrema pueritia,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

extremo Peloponnesio bello,

Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

extremus dominorum,

Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

die extremum erat,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

extremum aestatis,

id. ib. 90, 1:

extremo anni,

Liv. 35, 11, 1:

sub extremum noctis,

Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.

For the last time:

alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—

At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

ad extremum,

id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

id. Sest. 47, 100:

decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

ad extremum,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

for which: in extremum (durare),

id. H. 7, 111:

qui extremo mortuus est,

at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

extremo,

Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—

Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.

The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

extremam famem sustentare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

extremam rationem belli sequens,

id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

in extremis suis rebus,

in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

res,

Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

ad extrema perventum est,

Curt. 4, 14, 14:

ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

Liv. 2, 47, 8:

compellere ad extrema deditionis,

to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

plura de extremis loqui,

id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

res publica in extremo sita,

Sall. C. 52, 11;

Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—

The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

mancipia,

Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

latrones,

App. M. 3, p. 131:

quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

Just. 15, 1:

alimenta vitae,

Tac. A. 6, 24:

extremi ingenii est,

Liv. 22, 29, 8.—

extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

circum caesura membrorum,

Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

promontorium Oceani,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

gentes,

id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

Apuliae extima,

the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

gens, gentis, f. [root GEN, gigno, that which belongs together by birth or descent], a race or clan, embracing several families united together by a common name and by certain religious rites; orig. only patrician, but, after the granting of the connubium between patricians and plebeians, also plebeian (syn.: familia, stirps, genus; natio, populus).

Lit.:

Sulla gentis patriciae (sc. Corneliae) nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignaviā,

Sall. J. 95, 3:

vera decora, non communiter modo Corneliae gentis, sed proprie familiae suae,

Liv. 38, 58, 3:

L. Tarquitius patriciae gentis,

id. 3, 27, 1:

apud P. Sestium patriciae gentis virum,

id. 3, 33, 9; 6, 11, 2:

cum Marcelli ab liberti filio stirpe, Claudii patricii ejusdem hominis hereditatem, gente ad se rediisse dicerent,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

gens Tarquiniorum,

id. Rep. 2, 25 fin.:

Julia,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: L. Tarquinius duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, et antiquos patres majorum gentium appellavit, quos priores sententiam rogabat;

a se ascitos minorum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20 Mos.; cf. Liv. 1, 35, 6:

ex gente Domitia duae familiae claruerunt, Calvinorum et Aenobarborum,

Suet. Ner. 1; cf. Liv. 2, 29, 4:

patricii minorum gentium,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2; Liv. 1, 47, 7; Capitol. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 5:

anni principio de connubio patrum et plebis C. Canuleius tribunus plebis rogationem promulgavit, qua contaminari sanguinem suum patres confundique jura gentium rebantur,

Liv. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. 4, 2, 5; 10, 8, 9: uti Feceniae Hispalae gentis enuptio, tutoris optio esset, etc., the right of marrying out of her gens, id. 39, 19, 5:

perjurus, sine gente,

i. e. of no family, of vulgar birth, Hor. S. 2, 5, 15; cf. respecting the Roman gens, Dict. of Antiq.

Transf.

In a manner borrowed from the division of the senators into majorum and minorum gentium (v. above): ipsi illi majorum gentium dii qui habentur, hinc a nobis profecti in caelum reperientur, the superior deities (the consentes), Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 29:

Cleanthes, qui quasi majorum est gentium Stoicus,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 126.—

Poet., like genus and stirps, of a single descendant, offspring of an entire race:

vigilasne, deūm gens, Aenea?

Verg. A. 10, 228 (for which:

Dis genite,

id. ib. 9, 642):

Tirynthia gens est (i. e. Fabius),

Sil. 7, 35:

extrema viri,

the last descendant, id. 2, 185.—

In a contemptuous sense, like our tribe, brood, crew:

si illo die gens ista Clodiana, quod facere voluit, effecisset,

Cic. Sest. 38, 81; so,

Clodia,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1.—

In the widest sense = genus, the race; gens humana, the human race, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65; Hor. C. 1, 3, 26.—

Of beasts, etc., a race, herd, brood, swarm ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

intestino bello totae gentes consumuntur,

Col. 9, 9, 6:

quos (equos) in spem statues summittere gentis,

of the race, breed, Verg. G. 3, 73:

utque luat poenas gens haec (i. e. vulpes),

breed, race, Ov. F. 4, 711.—

In a more extended sense (as also genos), a race, nation, people (sometimes more restricted than natio and populus, and sometimes put for them; v. in the foll., and cf. Drak. Liv. 23, 42, 1;

freq. and class.): Qui gentis omnis mariaque et terras movet,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 1: cf.:

nos per gentis disparat,

id. ib. v. 10:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum. Ut enim ab illa infinita discedatur, propior est ejusdem gentis, nationis, linguae, qua maxime homines conjunguntur: interius etiam est ejusdem esse civitatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53; cf.:

(Deus) non curat singulos homines... ne civitates quidem... ne nationes quidem et gentes,

id. N. D. 3, 39, 93:

ita nationis nomen, non gentis evaluisse paulatim,

Tac. G. 2:

Suebi, quorum non una gens...propriis adhuc nationibus nominibusque discreti,

id. ib. 38:

atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus ejus gentis nationibus in arma accensis,

Vell. 2, 98:

omnes exterae gentes ac nationes,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 31; cf.:

per omnes gentes nationesque,

Quint. 11, 3, 87;

for which, in an inverted order: exterae nationes ac gentes,

Cic. Font. 11, 25:

aut gentes aut populos,

Quint. 11, 1, 86: inter multas regum gentiumque [p. 809] et populorum legationes, Liv. 45, 19, 1; 45, 22, 8; cf.

in an inverse order: populi et gentes,

Quint. 12, 2, 3:

postquam bello subegit Aequorum magnam gentem et ferocem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

Sabina aut Volsca,

id. ib. 3, 4:

Transalpinae,

id. ib. 3, 9:

Allobrogum,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12:

Nerviorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28, 1:

Germanorum,

id. ib. 6, 32 init.:

Suevorum longe maxima Germanorum omnium,

id. ib. 4, 1, 3;

so of the Etruscan nation,

Liv. 5, 1, 6;

and in a wider sense than populus: non ex iisdem semper populis exercitus scriptos, quamquam eadem semper gens bellum intulerit,

id. 6, 12, 4; 40, 15, 6; 2, 50, 2.—Also for civitas, the inhabitants of a city or town:

Caesar Gomphos pervenit, quod est oppidum primum Thessaliae venientibus ab Epiro, quae gens ultro ad Caesarem legatos miserat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80, 1:

atqui ad hoc, de quo agitur, non quaerimus gentem, ingenia quaerimus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf.:

gladio pugnacissima gens Romani,

Quint. 9, 3, 8; Liv. 5, 48, 3:

Segni Condrusique, ex gente et numero Germanorum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1:

in illa incorrupta maxime gente Aegyptiorum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 14:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

id. ib. 1, 17, 26:

jus gentium,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id... vocatur jus gentium quasi quo jure omnes gentes utuntur,

Gai. Inst. 1, 1.—

In partic.

As a partit. gen., gentium, like terrarum, for the sake of emphasis, in the world, on earth (freq. and class.):

ubicumque terrarum et gentium violatum jus civium Romanorum sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

quod ubique gentium est,

id. Rep. 2, 4:

ubinam gentium sumus,

where in the world? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9:

ubi ubi est gentium?

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 21:

obsecro, unde haec gentium?

id. Cist. 4, 1, 16:

ubi tu's gentium,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 11:

quaerit quod nusquamst gentium,

id. Ps. 1, 4, 9:

non hercle quo hinc nunc gentium aufugiam scio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 44:

ubivis gentium agere aetatem quam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 4:

an quisquam usquam gentium est aeque miser?

id. ib. 13:

equidem te nisi nunc hodie nusquam vidi gentium,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 54:

fratrem nusquam invenio gentium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 1:

abeat multo malo quovis gentium, Quam hic, etc.,

id. Heaut. 5, 1, 55:

res est in manibus: tu autem abes longe gentium,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: nostri turannoktonoi longe gentium absunt, id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

ah! minime gentium, non faciam,

by no means, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 44; so,

minime gentium,

id. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.—

Gentes, opp. to the Romans, foreign nations, foreigners (post-Aug. and rare):

maneat, quaeso, duretque gentibus si non amor nostri at certe odium sui,

Tac. G. 33; Auct. B. Hisp. 17 fin. —

In the eccl. fathers, gentes, like ethnos, opp. to Jews and Christians, pagan nations, heathen, gentiles, Lact. 2, 13 fin.; Vulg. Psa. 2, 1 et saep.— Hence the title of Arnobius's work, Adversus Gentes.—

Transf., a region, country (very rare):

ut Aspim aggrederetur, qui Cataoniam tenebat: quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam,

Nep. Dat. 4:

gentes viduatas esse suis cultoribus et desolatas,

Arn. 1, 4.

gentīlis, e, adj. [gens].

Of or belonging to the same clan (gens), stock, or race; and subst.: gentīlis, is, com., a person belonging to the same family or gens, a relative bearing the same name (syn.: gentilicus, genticus; cf.

also: cognatus, agnatus, affinis): gentiles sunt, qui inter se eodem nomine sunt, qui ab ingenuis oriundi sunt, quorum majorum nemo servitutem servivit, qui capite non sunt deminuti,

Cic. Top. 6, 29: gentilis dicitur et ex eodem genere ortus et is qui simili nomine appellatur; ut ait Cincius, gentiles mihi sunt, qui meo nomine appellantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 94 Müll.: SI FVRIOSVS EST AGNATORVM GENTILIVMQVE IN EO PECVNIAQVE EIVS POTESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148:

SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, id. ap. Collat. Legg. Mosaic. et Rom. 16, 4: si nullus agnatus sit, eadem lex XII. tabularum gentiles ad hereditatem vocat,

Gai. Inst. 3, 17; cf. Ulp. Fragm. 26, 1 a.: tuus gentilis ( thy kinsman), Brute, M. Pennus, Cic. Brut. 28, 109:

sordidatus cum gentilibus clientibusque,

Liv. 3, 58, 1:

e duobus gentilibus,

Suet. Tib. 1:

homines deorum immortalium quasi gentiles,

Cic. Univ. 11:

tuus paene gentilis,

thy namesake, id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190; cf.

, jestingly: fuit enim (Pherecydes) meo regnante gentili (i. e. Ser. Tullio),

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38.— Adj.:

nomen,

Suet. Ner. 41:

stemma,

id. ib. 37:

monumentum Domitiorum,

id. ib. 50: copia, out of their own gens, id. Vit. 1:

gentile domus nostrae bonum,

Tac. A. 2, 37; cf.

manus (i. e. Fabii),

Ov. F. 2, 198: odia, family enmity (of Hanno towards Hannibal), Sil. 2, 277:

capillo erat pone occipitium summissiore, quod gentile in illo videbatur,

peculiar to the family, hereditary, Suet. Tib. 68.—Prov. (cf. the law for the insane, supra):

mente est captus atque ad agnatos et gentiles est deducendus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8.—

Transf.

Of slaves who bore the name of their masters:

apud antiquos singuli Marcipores Luciporesve dominorum gentiles omnem victum in promiscuo habebant,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 26.—

Poet., of plants:

non gentilia poma,

i. e. foreign, exotic, Calp. Ecl. 2, 41.—

In a more extended sense (acc. to gens, II. F.), of or belonging to the same people or nation, national; and subst., a fellow-countryman (post-Aug.):

multis et validis propinquitatibus subnixus turbare gentiles nationes promptum haberet,

Tac. A. 11, 1 fin.:

solum,

id. ib. 3, 59:

imperium,

id. ib. 6, 32:

religio,

id. ib. 12, 34:

levitas,

id. ib. 12, 14;

utilitas,

id. ib. 12, 17:

lina,

Sil. 4, 223; cf.

metallum,

id. 16, 465:

gurges,

Stat. Th. 9, 297.—Subst., Gell. 17, 17, 2.—

In partic.

In opp. to Roman: gentīles, foreigners: nulli gentilium provincialis femina copuletur, Cod. Th. 3, 14, 1; 11, 30, 62; Aus. Grat. Act. 4:

cum scutariis et gentilibus,

Amm. 14, 7: nullum autem ex gentilibus liberum adprobari licet, Fragm. Jur. Rom. Vat. 34 Huschke.—

In eccl. Lat., opp. to Jewish or Christian, heathen, pagan, gentile; and subst.: gentīlis, is, m., a heathen, a pagan: vulgus, Prud. steph. 10, 464:

nugae,

id. adv. Symm. 1, 576:

gentilium litterarum libri,

Hier. Ep. 22, 30; Vulg. Tob. 1, 12; id. Act. 14, 5.— Sup.:

Sextus Pythagorēus, homo gentilissimus,

Hier. in Jerem. 4, 22.—Hence, adv.: gentīlĭter (acc. to II. C.; late Lat.).

After the manner or in the language of a country:

Cretes Dianam Britomarten gentiliter nominant,

in their native language, Sol. 11, 8; 20, 8.—

Heathenishly, Fulg. Discuss. Arian. 4; Vulg. Gal. 2, 14.

gentīlis, e, adj. [gens].

Of or belonging to the same clan (gens), stock, or race; and subst.: gentīlis, is, com., a person belonging to the same family or gens, a relative bearing the same name (syn.: gentilicus, genticus; cf.

also: cognatus, agnatus, affinis): gentiles sunt, qui inter se eodem nomine sunt, qui ab ingenuis oriundi sunt, quorum majorum nemo servitutem servivit, qui capite non sunt deminuti,

Cic. Top. 6, 29: gentilis dicitur et ex eodem genere ortus et is qui simili nomine appellatur; ut ait Cincius, gentiles mihi sunt, qui meo nomine appellantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 94 Müll.: SI FVRIOSVS EST AGNATORVM GENTILIVMQVE IN EO PECVNIAQVE EIVS POTESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148:

SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, id. ap. Collat. Legg. Mosaic. et Rom. 16, 4: si nullus agnatus sit, eadem lex XII. tabularum gentiles ad hereditatem vocat,

Gai. Inst. 3, 17; cf. Ulp. Fragm. 26, 1 a.: tuus gentilis ( thy kinsman), Brute, M. Pennus, Cic. Brut. 28, 109:

sordidatus cum gentilibus clientibusque,

Liv. 3, 58, 1:

e duobus gentilibus,

Suet. Tib. 1:

homines deorum immortalium quasi gentiles,

Cic. Univ. 11:

tuus paene gentilis,

thy namesake, id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190; cf.

, jestingly: fuit enim (Pherecydes) meo regnante gentili (i. e. Ser. Tullio),

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38.— Adj.:

nomen,

Suet. Ner. 41:

stemma,

id. ib. 37:

monumentum Domitiorum,

id. ib. 50: copia, out of their own gens, id. Vit. 1:

gentile domus nostrae bonum,

Tac. A. 2, 37; cf.

manus (i. e. Fabii),

Ov. F. 2, 198: odia, family enmity (of Hanno towards Hannibal), Sil. 2, 277:

capillo erat pone occipitium summissiore, quod gentile in illo videbatur,

peculiar to the family, hereditary, Suet. Tib. 68.—Prov. (cf. the law for the insane, supra):

mente est captus atque ad agnatos et gentiles est deducendus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8.—

Transf.

Of slaves who bore the name of their masters:

apud antiquos singuli Marcipores Luciporesve dominorum gentiles omnem victum in promiscuo habebant,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 26.—

Poet., of plants:

non gentilia poma,

i. e. foreign, exotic, Calp. Ecl. 2, 41.—

In a more extended sense (acc. to gens, II. F.), of or belonging to the same people or nation, national; and subst., a fellow-countryman (post-Aug.):

multis et validis propinquitatibus subnixus turbare gentiles nationes promptum haberet,

Tac. A. 11, 1 fin.:

solum,

id. ib. 3, 59:

imperium,

id. ib. 6, 32:

religio,

id. ib. 12, 34:

levitas,

id. ib. 12, 14;

utilitas,

id. ib. 12, 17:

lina,

Sil. 4, 223; cf.

metallum,

id. 16, 465:

gurges,

Stat. Th. 9, 297.—Subst., Gell. 17, 17, 2.—

In partic.

In opp. to Roman: gentīles, foreigners: nulli gentilium provincialis femina copuletur, Cod. Th. 3, 14, 1; 11, 30, 62; Aus. Grat. Act. 4:

cum scutariis et gentilibus,

Amm. 14, 7: nullum autem ex gentilibus liberum adprobari licet, Fragm. Jur. Rom. Vat. 34 Huschke.—

In eccl. Lat., opp. to Jewish or Christian, heathen, pagan, gentile; and subst.: gentīlis, is, m., a heathen, a pagan: vulgus, Prud. steph. 10, 464:

nugae,

id. adv. Symm. 1, 576:

gentilium litterarum libri,

Hier. Ep. 22, 30; Vulg. Tob. 1, 12; id. Act. 14, 5.— Sup.:

Sextus Pythagorēus, homo gentilissimus,

Hier. in Jerem. 4, 22.—Hence, adv.: gentīlĭter (acc. to II. C.; late Lat.).

After the manner or in the language of a country:

Cretes Dianam Britomarten gentiliter nominant,

in their native language, Sol. 11, 8; 20, 8.—

Heathenishly, Fulg. Discuss. Arian. 4; Vulg. Gal. 2, 14.

hibrĭda or hybrĭda ( ibr-), ae, comm. [most prob. kindred with hubrizô, hubris, qs. unbridled, lawless, unnatural; hence], of animals produced from two different species, a mongrel, hybrid.

Lit.:

in nullo genere aeque facilis mixtura cum fero (quam in suibus), qualiter natos antiqui hybridas vocabant ceu semiferos,

Plin. 8, 53, 79, § 213.—

Transf., of persons, one born of a Roman father and a foreign mother, or of a freeman and a slave:

ibique postea ex hybridis, libertinis servisque conscripserat, Auct. B. Afr. 19, 4: hybrida quo pacto sit Persius ultus,

Hor. S. 1, 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 19; Mart. 6, 39, 20; 8, 22:

Q. Varius propter obscurum jus civitatis Hibrida cognominatus,

Val. Max. 8, 6, 4.

hospĕs, ĭtis ( gen. plur. hospitium, Liv. 4, 35, 4), m.; hospĭta, ae, f. (cf. antistita from antistes, sospita from sospes, sacerdota from sacerdos, etc., but hospes, f., Att. ap. Non. 279, 11;

Trag. Fragm. v. 51 Rib.: hospes amica,

Ov. F. 6, 510:

Aurora,

Stat. Th. 6, 272; Sen. Agam. 318 al.) [= hostipets, hostis, a stranger; pa-, root of pasco, pater, to feed, hence],

He who entertains a stranger, a host (one who entertains gratuitously, as a friend: caupo, one who entertains for pay);

form hospes: alterum ad cauponem devertisse, ad hospitem alterum,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57; so id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

tendimus hinc recta Beneventum, ubi sedulus hospes Paene macros, arsit, dum turdos versat in igne, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 71:

succinctus,

id. ib. 2, 6, 107:

amabilis,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

hospitis affectu salutare,

with a host's politeness, Juv. 8, 161.—Esp., one upon whom soldiers are quartered, Tac. H. 2, 66; 3, 41.—Hence repeated of both host and guest:

per dexteram istam te oro, quam regi Deiotaro hospes hospiti porrexisti,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 8; so,

non hospes ab hospite tutus,

Ov. M. 1, 144:

Juppiter, = hospitalis,

id. ib. 10, 224.— Fem., hospita, she who entertains a guest, a hostess:

femina primaria, Servilia, vetere Dionis hospita,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24:

figura et lineamenta hospitae,

id. ib. 2, 2, 36, §

89: Helene,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 2.—In late Lat., for a concubine, Inscr. Orell. 2669; 4996. —

Transf.

A sojourner, visitor, guest, friend, xenos. Lit.:

in domo clari hominis, in quam et hospites multi recipiendi et admittenda hominum cujusque modi multitudo,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

libri inter Cratippi commentarios tamquam hospites recipiendi,

id. ib. 3, 33, 121:

recipere hospites,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65:

accipere hospitem,

id. Fam. 9, 26 fin.:

non hospites, sed peregrini atque advenae,

id. Agr. 2, 34, 94:

habuisses non hospitem, sed contubernalem,

id. Fam. 9, 20, 1:

et hostem et hospitem vidit,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79; 6, 6, 2:

is qui nuper Romae fuit Menedemus hospes meus,

id. de Or. 1, 19, 85; cf. id. Lael. 7, 24:

Polybius noster hospes,

id. Rep. 4, 3:

id factum ex suis hospitibus Caesar cognoverat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6, 2:

in suos notos hospitesque quaerebant,

id. B. C. 1, 74, 5:

hospes familiae vestrae,

Cic. Lael. 11, 36: homo multorum [p. 867] hospitum, id. Clu. 59, 163:

mihi seu longum post tempus venerat hospes Sive, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 118:

si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

id. ib. 2, 4, 17:

hospite venturo, cessabit nemo tuorum,

Juv. 14, 59: in officiis apud majores ita observatum est: primum tutelae, deinde hospiti, deinde clienti, tum cognato, postea adfini, Sabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5.—In fem.:

meamne hic in via hospitam, Quae heri huc Athenis cum hospite advenit meo, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 8; id. ib. 71; Ter. And. 2, 6, 8; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 3.—

Opp. to a native, a stranger, foreigner (syn.:

advena, peregrinus, peregrinator, alienus): adeone hospes hujusce urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

nec peregrinus atque hospes in agendo,

id. de Or. 1, 50, 218:

nos in nostra urbe peregrinantes errantesque tamquam hospites tui libri quasi domum deduxerunt,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 9.—So in addressing a foreigner, like the Gr. xene, stranger:

cum (Theophrastus) percontaretur ex anicula quadam, quanti aliquid venderet, et respondisset illa atque addidisset, Hospes, non pote minoris: tulisse eum moleste, se non effugere hospitis speciem, cum aetatem ageret Athenis optimeque loqueretur,

id. Brut. 46, 172; Quint. 8, 1, 2: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 42, 101 (a transl. of the Gr. Ô xein, angellein Aakedaimoniois, etc., Herod. 7, 228): hospes, quid miras curare Serapin? Varr. ap. Non. 480, 30; Prop. 4, 1, 1.— Fem., hospita, a female stranger:

hanc hospitam crepidula ut graphice decet,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 3.—

Hence, a stranger in any matter, ignorant of, unacquainted with:

si erit idem in consuetudine civitatis hospes,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

vos ignoretis, vos hospites in hac urbe versamini,

id. Mil. 12, 33.—

Of inanim. or abstr. things adjectively, hospitable; strange, foreign.

Form hospes (only in post-Aug. poets): gemma, Pall. Insit. init.:

tecta, etc.,

Stat. Th. 12, 479:

cymba,

id. S. 5, 1, 252:

honor,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 650.—

Form hospita (in the fem. and neutr. plur. mostly poet.): hirundines hospitae, Varr. ap. Arn. 6, 207:

navis,

Ov. F. 1, 340:

quo tutior hospita lustres Aequora,

Verg. A. 3, 377:

conjunx hospita Teucris,

id. ib. 6, 93:

terra hospita,

id. ib. 3, 539:

tecta,

Val. Fl. 2, 650:

flumina,

Stat. Th. 4, 842:

litora mundo,

id. S. 3, 5, 75:

unda plaustris,

bearing wagons on its frozen surface, Verg. G. 3, 362:

vina,

Val. Fl. 1, 44.

hospĭtālis, e, adj. [hospes], of or relating to a guest or host, hospitable, xenios, xenikos.

Lit.

Adj. (class.):

illam ipsam sedem hospitalem, in quam erit deductus, publicam populi Romani esse dicet,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 46:

deversorium,

Liv. 21, 63 fin.:

cubiculum,

guest-chamber, id. 1, 58:

beneficia,

id. 2, 14 fin.:

aves,

set before a guest, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

cena Augusti,

Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:

umbra,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 10:

tessera,

which guests gave to the host, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 87 sq.; cf. ib. 5, 1, 25:

Juppiter,

the patron of hospitality, Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; id. Fin. 3, 20, 66; id. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 3 al.; cf.

deus,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 25:

non dubitavit illud insigne Penatium hospitaliumque deorum ex hospitali mensa tollere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48: fulmina, of Jupiter hospitalis, Sen. Q. N. 2, 49:

caedes,

the murder of a guest, Liv. 25, 18, 7:

TABVLA,

i. e. a municipal decree for the reception of a guest, Inscr. Grut. 456, 1:

Theophrastus scribit, Cimonem Athenis etiam in suos curiales Laciadas hospitalem fuisse,

Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64; cf.:

homo qui semper hospitalissimus amicissimusque nostrorum hominum existimatus esset (shortly before: cum suae partes essent hospitum recipiendorum),

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65:

tua illa Venus,

id. Cael. 21, 52:

tibi hospitale pectus,

Hor. Epod. 17, 49:

nihil hospitalius mari (Campaniae): hospitalem hostem appellare,

Liv. 25, 18, 8:

hinc illi nobiles portus Cajeta, Misenus, etc.,

Flor. 1, 16:

appulsus litorum,

Plin. 2, 46, 45, § 118.—

Subst.

hospĭtālis, is, m., a guest: injuriae potestatum in hospitales ad visendum venientium, Hipponenses in necem ejus (delphini) compulerunt, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26.—

hospĭtālia, ium, n.

Apartments for guests, guest-chambers, Vitr. 6, 10.—

On the stage, the two entrances on the right and left for strangers, Vitr. 5, 7.—

(Sc. jura.) The dues of hospitality, Liv. 42, 24 fin. —

Transf., of things: ut in Fucino lacu invectus amnis, in Lario Addua, etc.... in Lemanno Rhodanus: hic trans Alpes superiores in Italia multorum milium transitu hospitales suas tantum nec largiores quam intulere aquas evehentes, foreign, i. e. that flow through without mingling, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; 17, 10, 14, § 69. —Hence, adv.: hospĭtālĭter, hospitably, as a guest:

invitati hospitaliter per domos,

Liv. 1, 9, 9:

vocare (opp. hostiliter),

id. 6, 26, 3:

excipere aliquem,

Curt. 7, 6 med.:

ingredi ad deos Penates,

Just. 8, 3.

hospĭtālis, e, adj. [hospes], of or relating to a guest or host, hospitable, xenios, xenikos.

Lit.

Adj. (class.):

illam ipsam sedem hospitalem, in quam erit deductus, publicam populi Romani esse dicet,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 46:

deversorium,

Liv. 21, 63 fin.:

cubiculum,

guest-chamber, id. 1, 58:

beneficia,

id. 2, 14 fin.:

aves,

set before a guest, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

cena Augusti,

Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 83:

umbra,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 10:

tessera,

which guests gave to the host, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 87 sq.; cf. ib. 5, 1, 25:

Juppiter,

the patron of hospitality, Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; id. Fin. 3, 20, 66; id. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 3 al.; cf.

deus,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 25:

non dubitavit illud insigne Penatium hospitaliumque deorum ex hospitali mensa tollere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48: fulmina, of Jupiter hospitalis, Sen. Q. N. 2, 49:

caedes,

the murder of a guest, Liv. 25, 18, 7:

TABVLA,

i. e. a municipal decree for the reception of a guest, Inscr. Grut. 456, 1:

Theophrastus scribit, Cimonem Athenis etiam in suos curiales Laciadas hospitalem fuisse,

Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64; cf.:

homo qui semper hospitalissimus amicissimusque nostrorum hominum existimatus esset (shortly before: cum suae partes essent hospitum recipiendorum),

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65:

tua illa Venus,

id. Cael. 21, 52:

tibi hospitale pectus,

Hor. Epod. 17, 49:

nihil hospitalius mari (Campaniae): hospitalem hostem appellare,

Liv. 25, 18, 8:

hinc illi nobiles portus Cajeta, Misenus, etc.,

Flor. 1, 16:

appulsus litorum,

Plin. 2, 46, 45, § 118.—

Subst.

hospĭtālis, is, m., a guest: injuriae potestatum in hospitales ad visendum venientium, Hipponenses in necem ejus (delphini) compulerunt, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26.—

hospĭtālia, ium, n.

Apartments for guests, guest-chambers, Vitr. 6, 10.—

On the stage, the two entrances on the right and left for strangers, Vitr. 5, 7.—

(Sc. jura.) The dues of hospitality, Liv. 42, 24 fin. —

Transf., of things: ut in Fucino lacu invectus amnis, in Lario Addua, etc.... in Lemanno Rhodanus: hic trans Alpes superiores in Italia multorum milium transitu hospitales suas tantum nec largiores quam intulere aquas evehentes, foreign, i. e. that flow through without mingling, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; 17, 10, 14, § 69. —Hence, adv.: hospĭtālĭter, hospitably, as a guest:

invitati hospitaliter per domos,

Liv. 1, 9, 9:

vocare (opp. hostiliter),

id. 6, 26, 3:

excipere aliquem,

Curt. 7, 6 med.:

ingredi ad deos Penates,

Just. 8, 3.

hospĭtālĭtas, ātis, f. [hospitalis].

Hospitality:

recte etiam a Theophrasto est laudata hospitalitas,

Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64; Mart. 4, 64, 28.—

A being a guest, i. e. a living in a foreign country, a sojourning:

lege temporalis hospitalitatis,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 21, § 34.

hostĭcus, a, um, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): ager,

Liv. 44, 13:

tellus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 65:

moenia,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 6:

vindemia,

Ov. F. 4, 893:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 49; 2, 2, 61:

ensis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 31:

incursiones, Col. praef. § 19: tumultus,

Flor. 3, 10, 17.—In neutr. as subst.: hostĭcum, i, the enemy's territory:

castra in hostico incuriose posita,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

raptae ex hostico messes,

Plin. Pan. 29, 3:

transire in hosticum,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 13; also enmity:

hosticum spirare,

Tert. Mag. 35.—

Of or belonging to a stranger, strange, foreign:

hosticum hoc mihi domiciliumst, Athenis domus est,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40.

hostĭcus, a, um, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): ager,

Liv. 44, 13:

tellus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 65:

moenia,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 6:

vindemia,

Ov. F. 4, 893:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 49; 2, 2, 61:

ensis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 31:

incursiones, Col. praef. § 19: tumultus,

Flor. 3, 10, 17.—In neutr. as subst.: hostĭcum, i, the enemy's territory:

castra in hostico incuriose posita,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

raptae ex hostico messes,

Plin. Pan. 29, 3:

transire in hosticum,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 13; also enmity:

hosticum spirare,

Tert. Mag. 35.—

Of or belonging to a stranger, strange, foreign:

hosticum hoc mihi domiciliumst, Athenis domus est,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40.