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81 ♦ leg
♦ leg /lɛg/n.1 gamba ( anche di pantaloni); ( d'animale) zampa; ( di stivale) gambale: to stretch one's legs, sgranchirsi le gambe, fare quattro passi; Quadrupeds have four legs, i quadrupedi hanno quattro zampe; I injured my leg, mi feci male alla gamba; to cross one's legs, incrociare le gambe; accavallare le gambe; to swing one's legs, dondolare le gambe; bow legs, gambe storte; the leg of a stocking, la gamba d'una calza; the fore legs, le zampe anteriori; the hind leg, le zampe posteriori; DIALOGO → - Clothes 4- Do you have them in the same size but with a shorter leg?, li ha nella stessa taglia ma con la gamba più corta?; the legs of a chair [of a table], le gambe d'una sedia [di un tavolo]; a wooden leg, una gamba di legno; hairy legs, gambe pelose; slender legs, gambe snelle (o sottili)4 (fam.) tappa ( di un viaggio); tratta: the first leg of our European tour, la prima tappa del nostro giro dell'Europa5 ( sport: calcio, ecc.) giornata, partita, manche ( di un torneo, ecc.); ( atletica) frazione ( della corsa a staffetta); ( ciclismo) frazione, tappa; ( vela) frazione; (autom., ecc.) manche: ( calcio) the first leg, la partita di andata, l'andata; the second leg, la partita di ritorno, il ritorno6 ( cricket, = leg side) «leg»; sinistra del battitore destrimano; settore sinistro: The batsman hit the ball to leg, il battitore ha colpito la palla spedendola alla sua sinistra7 (naut.) bordata; bordo● ( nuoto) leg action, azione delle gambe □ legs astride, ( ginnastica) gambe divaricate; ( lotta) divaricata delle gambe □ ( cricket) leg before wicket, eliminazione del battitore colpito ( a una gamba o un gambale) da una palla che, a giudizio dell'arbitro, altrimenti avrebbe colpito il wicket □ ( lotta libera) leg grappling (o grip), presa di gamba □ ( baseball, hockey su ghiaccio, ecc.) leg guard, parastinchi, schinieri □ leg holster, fondina al polpaccio ( di pistola) □ ( lotta libera) leg lock, chiave di gamba □ (naut.) leg-of-mutton sail, vela triangolare □ ( moda) leg-of-mutton sleeve, manica a gigot (o a prosciutto) □ ( USA) leg pocket, tasca dei pantaloni □ (fam.) leg-pull, presa in giro; canzonatura; sfottitura; sfottimento; sfottò (fam.) □ (fam.) leg-puller, canzonatore; sfottitore □ (fam.) leg-pulling, canzonatura; sfottitura □ leg rest, poggiagambe; poggiapiedi □ leg room, spazio per le gambe ( in automobile, ecc.) □ leg scissors, ( judo) sforbiciata; ( lotta libera) forbice di gambe □ ( cricket) leg stump, paletto (del wicket) alla sinistra del battitore □ ( lotta libera) leg trip, sgambetto □ ( anche fig.) leg-up, aiuto; spinta; spintarella: to give sb. a leg-up, aiutare q. ad arrampicarsi (o a montare in sella); (fig.) aiutare q. a far carriera; dare una mano a q.; dare una spintarella a q. □ leg warmer, scaldamuscoli ( per acrobati, ballerini e atleti) □ (equit.) leg yielding, cessione della gamba ( del cavallo: nel dressage) □ to be all legs, essere tutto gambe; essere alto e magro □ to break one's leg, rompersi una gamba □ (teatr.: a chi entra in scena) Break a leg!, in bocca al lupo! □ ( del cavallo) to change the leg, cambiare andatura □ ( d'un bambino) to feel (o to find) one's legs, muovere i primi passi; cominciare a camminare □ to get (up) on one's ( hind) legs, ( d'animale) alzarsi sulle zampe di dietro; (fig.) alzarsi a parlare, fare un intervento □ (fig. fam.) to give leg-bail, affidare la propria salvezza alle gambe; darsela a gambe; scomparire dalla circolazione □ ( di un prodotto, uno spettacolo, ecc.) to have legs, reggere; avere i numeri per vendersi bene (per riuscire, ecc.) □ (fig.) to have the legs of (o on) sb., essere più veloce di q.; staccare q. □ to keep one's legs, rimanere in piedi; non cadere □ (fig.) not to have a (o to have no) leg to stand on, non avere un motivo (o una ragione, una scusa) che stia in piedi (o che tenga) □ to be on one's last legs, ( di persona) essere stremato; ( di cosa) andare a pezzi, essere sfasciato □ (fig.) to be on one's legs, esser di nuovo in piedi (o in gamba) ( dopo una malattia); alzarsi in piedi ( per fare un discorso) □ (fam.) to pull sb. 's leg, prendere in giro (o sfottere) q. □ to run sb. off his legs, far correre q. avanti e indietro; stancare a morte q. □ to set (o to get) sb. on his legs, rimettere in piedi q. ( dopo una malattia); aiutare q. a far carriera (o a impiantarsi) ( nel commercio, ecc.) □ (fam.) to shake a leg, far quattro salti; ballare; ( anche) sbrigarsi: Shake a leg!, datti una mossa!; sbrigati! □ to stand on one leg, stare ritto su un piede solo □ to stand on one's own legs, stare in piedi, reggersi da solo; (fig.) essere indipendente, reggersi con le proprie forze, fare coi propri mezzi □ to take to one's legs, darsela a gambe □ to walk sb. off his legs, far venire il fiato corto a q. a forza di camminare.(to) leg /lɛg/v. i.(fam.: nella loc. to leg it) andare a piedi; camminare; correre; darsela a gambe: We had to leg it back, dovemmo ritornare a piedi. -
82 pivot
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83 on deck
разг.1) готовый к действиям [первонач. амер.]Angels... are always on deck when there is a miracle to the fore. (M. Twain, ‘A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court’, ch. XXII) — Ангелы... всегда тут как тут, когда совершается чудо.
Yes, a man can keep his trade-mark current in such a country, but he can't sit around and do it; he has got to be on deck and attending to business right along. (M. Twain, ‘A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court’, c. 24) — Да, даже и в такой стране можно поддерживать честь своей торговой марки, но для этого надо все время трудиться, все время быть настороже и не сидеть сложа руки.
I got to be on deck real early tomorrow. (R. Rouark, ‘The Honey Badger’, ch. 42) — Завтра мне надо явиться на работу рано утром.
2) очередной; стоящий на повестке дня3) целый и невредимый, живойA youth... endeavored to run down a jack-rabbit with his bicycle the other day... the machine went to pieces, the owner had his arm dislocated, and the rabbit is still on deck. (DAE) — Один мальчишка... решил наехать велосипедом на зайца... Велосипед поломался, его владелец вывихнул руку, а заяц остался цел и невредим.
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84 capud
căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:I.capiti,
Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].The head, of men and animals:b.oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,
Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,cano capite,
id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:capitis nives,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:raso capite calvus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:irraso,
id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:intonsum,
Quint. 12, 10, 47:amputare alicui,
Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:capite operto,
Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:obvoluto,
id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:caput aperire,
id. ib.:abscindere cervicibus,
id. ib. 11, 2, 5:demittere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:extollere,
to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:c.ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,
over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:nec caput nec pedes,
neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—d.Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:e.aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,
run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—2.Transf., of inanimate things.a.In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):b.ulpici,
Cato, R. R. 71:allii,
Col. 6, 34, 1:porri,
id. 11, 3, 17:papaveris,
Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:bulborum,
Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:caulis,
id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),
Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:extorum,
Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:tignorum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9:columnae,
Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:molis,
the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:xysti,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:porticus,
id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—Esp., of rivers,(α).The origin, source, spring ( head):(β).caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,
Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:fontium,
Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—c.Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:d.vitis,
id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —e.Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—f.Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;II.hence, facere,
to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;III.v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:hoc conruptum'st caput,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:ridiculum caput!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:festivum,
id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:lepidum,
id. ib. 5, 9, 9:carum,
Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:liberum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:vilia,
Liv. 25, 6, 9:viliora,
id. 9, 26, 22:vilissima,
id. 24, 5, 13:ignota,
id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:liberorum servorumque,
id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:istic capiti dicito,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:vae capiti tuo,
id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,
souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:in singulos,
id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:exactio capitum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,
Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—Trop.1.Life, and specif.,a.Physical life:b.carum,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:si capitis res siet,
if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:capitis poena,
capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:pactum pro capite pretium,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,
id. ib. 1, 12, 38:cum dimicatione capitis,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:suo capite decernere,
id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:caput offerre pro patriā,
Cic. Sull. 30, 84:patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,
Ov. M. 8, 94; so,capitis accusare,
to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:absolvere,
id. Milt. 7, 6:damnare,
id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:tergo ac capite puniri,
Liv. 3, 55, 14:caput Jovi sacrum,
id. 3, 55, 7:sacratum,
id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;2. (α).cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,
Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:capitis minor,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,
Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—With gen.:(β).scelerum,
an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:perjuri,
id. ib. 4, 4, 55:concitandorum Graecorum,
Cic. Fl. 18, 42:consilil,
Liv. 8, 31, 7:conjurationis,
id. 9, 26, 7:caput rei Romanae Camillus,
id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,
id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:reipublicae,
Tac. A. 1, 13:nominis Latini,
heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:belli,
id. 45, 7, 3:Suevorum,
chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,
Liv. 10, 1, 3.—With esse and dat.:(γ).ego caput fui argento reperiundo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:illic est huic rei caput,
author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—Absol.:urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:corpori valido caput deerat,
guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,
id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,
head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,
Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:Romam caput Latio esse,
id. 8, 4, 5; and:brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,
id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,
the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,
the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:patrimonii publici,
id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,
id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,
id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:litterarum,
summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:caput Epicuri,
the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:id quod caput est,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;opp. usurae),
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al. -
85 caput
căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:I.capiti,
Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].The head, of men and animals:b.oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,
Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,cano capite,
id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:capitis nives,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:raso capite calvus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:irraso,
id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:intonsum,
Quint. 12, 10, 47:amputare alicui,
Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:capite operto,
Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:obvoluto,
id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:caput aperire,
id. ib.:abscindere cervicibus,
id. ib. 11, 2, 5:demittere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:extollere,
to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:c.ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,
over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:nec caput nec pedes,
neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—d.Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:e.aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,
run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—2.Transf., of inanimate things.a.In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):b.ulpici,
Cato, R. R. 71:allii,
Col. 6, 34, 1:porri,
id. 11, 3, 17:papaveris,
Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:bulborum,
Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:caulis,
id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),
Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:extorum,
Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:tignorum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9:columnae,
Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:molis,
the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:xysti,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:porticus,
id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—Esp., of rivers,(α).The origin, source, spring ( head):(β).caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,
Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:fontium,
Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—c.Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:d.vitis,
id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —e.Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—f.Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;II.hence, facere,
to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;III.v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:hoc conruptum'st caput,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:ridiculum caput!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:festivum,
id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:lepidum,
id. ib. 5, 9, 9:carum,
Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:liberum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:vilia,
Liv. 25, 6, 9:viliora,
id. 9, 26, 22:vilissima,
id. 24, 5, 13:ignota,
id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:liberorum servorumque,
id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:istic capiti dicito,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:vae capiti tuo,
id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,
souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:in singulos,
id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:exactio capitum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,
Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—Trop.1.Life, and specif.,a.Physical life:b.carum,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:si capitis res siet,
if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:capitis poena,
capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:pactum pro capite pretium,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,
id. ib. 1, 12, 38:cum dimicatione capitis,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:suo capite decernere,
id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:caput offerre pro patriā,
Cic. Sull. 30, 84:patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,
Ov. M. 8, 94; so,capitis accusare,
to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:absolvere,
id. Milt. 7, 6:damnare,
id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:tergo ac capite puniri,
Liv. 3, 55, 14:caput Jovi sacrum,
id. 3, 55, 7:sacratum,
id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;2. (α).cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,
Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:capitis minor,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,
Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—With gen.:(β).scelerum,
an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:perjuri,
id. ib. 4, 4, 55:concitandorum Graecorum,
Cic. Fl. 18, 42:consilil,
Liv. 8, 31, 7:conjurationis,
id. 9, 26, 7:caput rei Romanae Camillus,
id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,
id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:reipublicae,
Tac. A. 1, 13:nominis Latini,
heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:belli,
id. 45, 7, 3:Suevorum,
chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,
Liv. 10, 1, 3.—With esse and dat.:(γ).ego caput fui argento reperiundo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:illic est huic rei caput,
author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—Absol.:urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:corpori valido caput deerat,
guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,
id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,
head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,
Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:Romam caput Latio esse,
id. 8, 4, 5; and:brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,
id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,
the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,
the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:patrimonii publici,
id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,
id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,
id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:litterarum,
summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:caput Epicuri,
the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:id quod caput est,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;opp. usurae),
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al. -
86 decedo
dē-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3 ( inf. sync. decesse, Ter. Heaut. prol. 32; Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; Neue Formenl. 2, 536. The part. perf. decessus perh. only Rutil. Nam. 1, 313), v. n., to go away, depart, withdraw. (For syn. cf.: linquo, relinquo, desero, destituo, deficio, discedo, excedo. Often opp. to accedo, maneo; freq. and class.)—Constr. absol. with de, ex, or merely the abl.; rarely with ab.I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.decedamus,
Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 74:de altera parte (agri) decedere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10:decedit ex Gallia Romam Naevius,
Cic. Quint. 4, 16:e pastu,
Verg. G. 1, 381; cf.:e pastu decedere campis,
id. ib. 4, 186:ex aequore domum,
id. ib. 2, 205;Italiā,
Sall. J. 28, 2:Numidiā,
id. ib. 38, 9:Africā,
id. ib. 20, 1;23, 1: pugnā,
Liv. 34, 47:praesidio,
id. 4, 29 (cf.:de praesidio,
Cic. de Sen. 20, 73):quae naves paullulum suo cursu decesserint,
i. e. had gone out of their course, Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 3; so,cum luminibus exstinctis decessisset viā,
had gone out of the way, Suet. Caes. 31:pantherae constituisse dicuntur in Cariam ex nostra provincia decedere,
Cic. Fam. 2, 11, 2.Esp.1.t. t.a.In milit. lang., to retire, withdraw from a former position:b.qui nisi decedat atque exercitum deducat ex his regionibus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 19;so,
absol., id. ib. 1, 44 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:de colle,
Caes. B. C. 1, 71, 3:de vallo,
id. B. G. 5, 43, 4:inde,
id. B. C. 1, 71 fin.:loco superiore,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 9; so with abl., Auct. B. Alex. 34; 35 (twice); 70 al.—In official lang.: de provincia, ex provincia, provinciā, or absol. (cf. Cic. Planc. 26, 65), to retire from the province on the expiration of a term of office:2.de provincia decessit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20;so,
id. Att. 7, 3, 5; id. Fam. 2, 15 (twice); Liv. 29, 19 Drak.:decedens ex Syria,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 61; so,e Cilicia,
id. Brut. 1:ex Africa,
Nep. Cato, 1, 4:ex Asia,
id. Att. 4, 1:ex ea provincia,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1 Zumpt N. cr.:ut decedens Considius provinciā,
Cic. Lig. 1, 2; Liv. 39, 3; 41, 10:te antea, quam tibi successum esset, decessurum fuisse,
Cic. Fam. 3, 6; so absol., id. Planc. 26, 65 al.:Albinus Romam decessit,
Sall. J. 36 fin.; cf.:Romam ad triumphum,
Liv. 8, 13; 9, 16. —Rarely with a:cui cum respondissem, me a provincia decedere: etiam mehercule, inquit, ut opinor, ex Africa,
Cic. Planc. 26 fin.Decedere de viā; also viā, in viā alicui, alicui, or absol., to get out of the way, to give place, make way for one (as a mark of respect or of abhorrence):3.concedite atque abscedite omnes: de via decedite,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 1; cf.:decedam ego illi de via, de semita,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 80 (Cic. Clu. 59. [p. 517] 163; cf. II. B infra); cf.:qui fecit servo currenti in viā decesse populum,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 32:censorem L. Plancum via sibi decedere aedilis coegit,
Suet. Ner. 4; cf. id. Tib. 31:sanctis divis, Catul. 62, 268: nocti,
Verg. Ec. 8, 88:peritis,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 216 (cf.:cedere nocti,
Liv. 3, 60, 7).—Also, to get out of the way of, avoid:decedere canibus de via,
Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67; cf.:hi numero impiorum habentur, his omnes decedunt, aditum defugiunt, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 7.—By zeugma, in the pass.:salutari, appeti, decedi, assurgi, deduci, reduci, etc.,
Cic. de Sen. 18, 63.Pregn., to depart, disappear (cf.: cedo, concedo).a.Of living beings, to decease, to die:b.si eos, qui jam de vita decesserunt,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:vitā,
Dig. 7, 1, 57, § 1; Vulg. 2 Mac. 6, 31; but commonly absol.:pater nobis decessit a. d. VIII. Kal. Dec.,
id. Att. 1, 6:cum paterfamiliae decessit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3; Nep. Arist. 3, 2, and 3; id. Cim. 1; id. Ages. 8, 6; Liv. 1, 34; 9, 17; Quint. 3, 6, 96 et saep.:cruditate contracta,
id. 7, 3, 33:morbo aquae intercutis,
Suet. Ner. 5 fin.:paralysi,
id. Vit. 3:ex ingratorum hominum conspectu morte decedere,
Nep. Timol. 1, 6.—Of inanimate things, to depart, go off; to abate, subside, cease:II.corpore febres,
Lucr. 2, 34:febres,
Nep. Att. 22, 3; Cels. 3, 3; cf.:quartana,
Cic. Att. 7, 2 (opp. accedere):decessisse inde aquam,
run off, fallen, Liv. 30, 38 fin.; cf.:decedere aestum,
id. 26, 45; 9, 26 al.:de summa nihil decedet,
to be wanting, to fail, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 30; Cic. Clu. 60, 167; cf.:quicquid libertati plebis caveretur, id suis decedere opibus credebant,
Liv. 3, 55:decedet jam ira haec, etsi merito iratus est,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 55 (for which ib. 5, 2, 15: cito ab eo haec ira abscedet):postquam invidia decesserat,
Sall. J. 88, 1; Liv. 33, 31 fin.; Tac. A. 15, 16 al.:priusquam ea cura decederet patribus,
Liv. 9, 29; so with dat., id. 2, 31; 23, 26; Tac. A. 15, 20; 44.— Poet.:incipit et longo Scyros decedere ponto,
i. e. seems to flee before them, Stat. Ach. 2, 308.—In the Aug. poets sometimes of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set:et sol crescentes decedens duplicat umbras,
Verg. E. 2, 67; so id. G. 1, 222; Ov. M. 4, 91; hence also of the day, to depart:te veniente die, te decedente canebat,
Verg. G. 4, 466;also of the moon,
to wane, Gell. 20, 8, 7.Trop.A.De possessione, jure, sententia, fide, etc. (and since the Aug. per. with abl. alone;(α).the reading ex jure suo,
Liv. 3, 33, 10, is very doubtful), to depart from; to give up, resign, forego; to yield, to swerve from one's possession, station, duty, right, opinion, faith, etc.With de:(β).cogere aliquem de suis bonis decedere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17 fin.; cf.:de hypothecis,
id. Fam. 13, 56, 2;and de possessione,
id. Agr. 2, 26;de suo jure,
id. Rosc. Am. 27; id. Att. 16, 2:qui de civitate decedere quam de sententia maluit,
id. Balb. 5:de officio ac dignitate,
id. Verr. 1, 10:de foro decedere,
to retire from public life, Nep. Att. 10, 2:de scena,
to retire from the stage, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf. impers.:de officio decessum,
Liv. 8, 25 fin. —With abl. alone (so usually in Liv.):(γ).jure suo,
Liv. 3, 33 fin.:sententiā,
Tac. A. 14, 49:instituto vestro,
Liv. 37, 54:officio (opp. in fide atque officio pristino fore),
id. 27, 10; 36, 22:fide,
id. 31, 5 fin.; 34, 11; 45, 19 al.:poema... si paulum summo decessit, vergit ad imum,
Hor. A. P. 378.—Very rarely with ab:(δ).cum (senatus) nihil a superioribus continuorum annorum decretis decesserit,
Cic. Fl. 12.—Absol.: si quos equites decedentis nactus sum, supplicio adfeci, Asin. Pol. ap. C. Fam. 10, 32, 5.B.De via, to depart, deviate from the right way:C.se nulla cupiditate inductum de via decessisse,
Cic. Cael. 16, 38:moleste ferre se de via decessisse,
id. Clu. 59, 163; so,viā dicendi,
Quint. 4, 5, 3.(acc. to no. I. B. 2) To give way, yield to another (i. e. to his will or superior advantages—very rare):D.vivere si recte nescis, decede peritis,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 213:ubi non Hymetto Mella decedunt,
are not inferior, id. Od. 2, 6, 15.( poet.) To avoid, shun, escape from (cf. I. B. 2 supra): nec serae meminit decedere nocti, to avoid the late night, i. e. the coldness of night, Varius ap. Macr. S. 6, 2, 20; Verg. Ecl. 8, 88; id. G. 3, 467:E.calori,
id. ib. 4, 23.To fall short of, degenerate from:* III.de generis nobilitate,
Pall. 3, 25, 2: a rebus gestis ejus et gloriae splendore, Justin. 6, 3, 8.For the simple verb (v. cedo, no. I. 2), to go off, turn out, result in any manner:prospere decedentibus rebus,
Suet. Caes. 24. -
87 kaput
căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:I.capiti,
Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].The head, of men and animals:b.oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,
Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,cano capite,
id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:capitis nives,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:raso capite calvus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:irraso,
id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:intonsum,
Quint. 12, 10, 47:amputare alicui,
Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:capite operto,
Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:obvoluto,
id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:caput aperire,
id. ib.:abscindere cervicibus,
id. ib. 11, 2, 5:demittere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:extollere,
to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:c.ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,
over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:nec caput nec pedes,
neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—d.Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:e.aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,
run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—2.Transf., of inanimate things.a.In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):b.ulpici,
Cato, R. R. 71:allii,
Col. 6, 34, 1:porri,
id. 11, 3, 17:papaveris,
Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:bulborum,
Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:caulis,
id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),
Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:extorum,
Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:tignorum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 9:columnae,
Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:molis,
the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:xysti,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:porticus,
id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—Esp., of rivers,(α).The origin, source, spring ( head):(β).caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,
Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:fontium,
Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—c.Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:d.vitis,
id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —e.Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—f.Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;II.hence, facere,
to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;III.v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:hoc conruptum'st caput,
id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:ridiculum caput!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:festivum,
id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:lepidum,
id. ib. 5, 9, 9:carum,
Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:liberum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:vilia,
Liv. 25, 6, 9:viliora,
id. 9, 26, 22:vilissima,
id. 24, 5, 13:ignota,
id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:liberorum servorumque,
id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:istic capiti dicito,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:vae capiti tuo,
id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,
souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:in singulos,
id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:exactio capitum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,
Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—Trop.1.Life, and specif.,a.Physical life:b.carum,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:si capitis res siet,
if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:capitis poena,
capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:pactum pro capite pretium,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,
id. ib. 1, 12, 38:cum dimicatione capitis,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:suo capite decernere,
id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:caput offerre pro patriā,
Cic. Sull. 30, 84:patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,
Ov. M. 8, 94; so,capitis accusare,
to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:absolvere,
id. Milt. 7, 6:damnare,
id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:tergo ac capite puniri,
Liv. 3, 55, 14:caput Jovi sacrum,
id. 3, 55, 7:sacratum,
id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;2. (α).cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,
Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:capitis minor,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,
Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—With gen.:(β).scelerum,
an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:perjuri,
id. ib. 4, 4, 55:concitandorum Graecorum,
Cic. Fl. 18, 42:consilil,
Liv. 8, 31, 7:conjurationis,
id. 9, 26, 7:caput rei Romanae Camillus,
id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,
id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:reipublicae,
Tac. A. 1, 13:nominis Latini,
heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:belli,
id. 45, 7, 3:Suevorum,
chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,
Liv. 10, 1, 3.—With esse and dat.:(γ).ego caput fui argento reperiundo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:illic est huic rei caput,
author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—Absol.:urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:corpori valido caput deerat,
guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,
id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,
head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,
Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:Romam caput Latio esse,
id. 8, 4, 5; and:brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,
id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,
the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,
the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:patrimonii publici,
id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,
id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,
id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:litterarum,
summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:caput Epicuri,
the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:id quod caput est,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;opp. usurae),
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al. -
88 cut
1. резка, разрезка; рубка; высечка; резать, разрезать, нарезать, обрезатьcut set — разрез; сечение
2. отрезанный лист3. вырезка; сокращать, урезатьa cut from the joint — вырезка, филей
4. гравюра; гравировать5. выгравированная линия6. клише7. оттиск с клише8. ослабление9. выемка на переднем обрезеto cut down — отрезать, нарезать на части
to cut off — отрезать, обрезать
calender cuts — морщины, образующиеся при каландрировании
10. штриховая гравюра11. штриховое клише -
89 rudder
руль; руль направления, РНall-flying rudderbalanced ruddercoordinated rudderdifferential rudderexcessive rudderfore rudderforward-mounted rudderfront rudderfull rudderfull-height rudderfully powered rudderhoneycomb rudderleft rudderlower rudderlower forward rudderrear rudderseparate-surface ruddersingle-piece ruddersplit ruddertail-mounted ruddertandem rudderstip rudderto run out of ruddertrailing ruddertwo-piece ruddertwo-segment rudderupper aft rudderV-shaped rudderwater rudder -
90 attitude
угловое пространственное положение; угловая ориентация ( объекта) ; ав угол тангажа -
91 control
управление; регулирование; контроль; орган [рычаг] управления; руль; pl. система управления или регулирования; управлять; регулироватьback seat flight control — управление ЛА из задней кабины [с места заднего лётчика]; pl. дублирующие органы управления в задней кабине
be out of control — терять управление [управляемость]; выходить из-под управления [контроля]
continuously variable thrust control — плавное [бесступенчатое] регулирование тяги
control c.g. control — регулирование центровки (ЛА)
control of missile attitude — стабилизация ракеты; управление пространственным положением ракеты
control of the air — превосходство или господство в воздухе; превосходство в области авиации [в авиационной технике]; контроль воздушного пространства
control of the yoke — разг. управление штурвалом
control of thrust orientation — управление ориентированием [направлением вектора] тяги
flight deck lighting controls — органы управления [ручки регулировки] освещением кабины экипажа
fling the controls over — перебрасывать органы управления (в противоположную сторону),
flow control with altitude compensation — регулятор расхода [подачи] с высотным корректором
fuel dump valve control — кран [рычаг крана] аварийного слива топлива
gas jet attitude control — управление пространственным положением с помощью системы газоструйных рулей
go out of control — терять управление, выходить из-под управления [контроля]
ground rollout rudder steering control — управление пробегом [на пробеге] с помощью руля направления
interconnected fuel and propeller controls — объединённая система регулирования подачи топлива и шага винта
jet tab thrust vector control — управление вектором тяги с помощью газовых рулей; дефлекторное управление вектором тяги
jet(-deflection, -direction) control — реактивное [струйное] управление; управление изменением направления тяги; струйный руль
manual mixture shut-off control — рычаг отсечки подачи горючей смеси, рычаг останова [выключения] двигателя
maximum boundary layer control — управление пограничным слоем при наибольшей эффективности [производительности, интенсивности работы] системы
recover the control — восстанавливать управление [управляемость]
respond to the controls — реагировать [отвечать] на отклонение рулей [органов управления]
space shuttle orbiter control — управление орбитальной ступенью челночного воздушно-космического аппарата
throttle and collective pitch control — верт. рычаг «шаг — газ»
-
92 направление
direction
- географического меридиана, северное — north reference direction of geographical meridian
- ветра — wind direction (w/d)
направпение откуда дует ветер. — the direction from which the wind is blowing.
- ветра, преобладающее — prevailing wind direction
- взлета (курс) — takeoff heading
- воздушного потока — airflow direction
- волокон — run of fiber
- впп (с указанием градусов) — runway heading
- вращения — direction of rotation
- вращения вала — direction of shaft rotation
- вращения, левое (правое) — left-hand, l.h. (right-hand, r.h.) direction of rotation
- вращения, (обратное) — opposite direction of rotation
- вращения роторов двигателя, если смотреть со стороны вна — direction of engine rotor rotation if looking aft
- вращения роторов двигателя, если смотреть со стороны реактивного сопла — direction of engine rotor rotation if looking forward
- движения — direction of motion
- захода на посадку — approach direction
- луча — beam direction
- на... — direction of...
- на радиостанцию (пеленг) — direction of radio station
- нагрузки — load direction
- нулевой подъемной силы — zero lift direction
-, осевое — axial direction
-, основное — main direction
- отсчета (курса), положительнoe (от оси x к у no часовой стрелке) y — positive direction (of heading) measured clockwise from x to y
- параллели, истинное — true east
- параллели, условное (картографическое) — grid east
- по компасу — compass heading
- по стрелке (направления полета) — direction of flight arrow the direction of flight arrow must be aligned with the fore-aft axis.
- подъемной силы — lift direction
- полета — flight direction
- полета (обозначенное стрелкой) — forward (fwd), flightwise direction
- полета (курс следования) — track
- полета, заданное (знп) — desired track (dtk)
-, принятое за начало отсчета — reference direction the reference direction is true north.
- развития — development trend
- распространения (напр., трещины) — direction of propagation
-, расчетное — computed direction
- струи — jet direction
- траектории полета — flight path direction
- тяги — thrust direction
- тяги (воздушного) винта в направлении, указанном стрелкой (напр., на графике) — propeller thrust line in the direction indicated by arrow
выдерживать н. самолета управлением переднего колеса лететь в северном н. — maintain directional control of aircraft by nose wheel steering fly northbound
поворачивать вал в н. вращения — turn shaft in the direction of normal rotation
поворачивать вaл в обратном h. — turn shaft in the direction opposite to normal rotationРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > направление
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