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121 λύγξ 2
Grammatical information: m. f.Other forms: λυγγός E. fr. 683.Compounds: As 1. member in λυκό-λυγξ `wolflynx' (pap. in Sb. Heidelb. 1923: 2, 14, 13); λυγγούριον ( λυγκ-, λιγκ- u. a.) n. kind of amber (Thphr., Delos IIIa), s. v.Derivatives: λυγκίον dimin. (Callix.), λύγγιος `of the lynx' (Edict. Diocl.). On ambivalent PN Λυγκεύς (Hdt., Pi.) s. Boßhardt 130f.; from there λυγκεύς as name of an eye-salve (medic.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.Etymology: Old name of the lynx, found also in Armenian, German and Balto-Slavic. Except for the nasal λύγξ has a counterpart in Lith. consonant stem lūš-ų (gen. pl.), with as innovation the i-stem lū́š-is. The same transformation show the Slav. words, which however through influence of an other word (* rysъ `sotted, red'?) got an initial r-: Russ. rýsь etc. Also elsewhere transformstions have occurred: with thematic vowel in Swed. lō `lynx' (PGm. * luh-a-, IE *luḱ-o-); with s-sufflx in Westgermanic: OHG luhs, OE lox (cf. Germ. Fuchs, OE fox); with n-suffix in Arm. lus-an-un-k` (ἅπ. εἰρ.) pl., which also supposes old full grade (IE *leuḱ- or louḱ-). The Arm. n-fomation might be connected somehow with the Greek nasalinfix, which reappers also in Lith. dial. (Zem.) lųnšis. - Details and further connections in Bq, WP. 2, 411 f., Pok. 690, Fraenkel Wb. s. lū́šis, Vasmer Wb. s. rýsь. - Fur. 121 adduces considerations that show that it is in origin a non-IE word. The word has been connected with the root *leuḱ- `see' and would refer to the sharp sight of the animal. But this cannot explain the long ū of Balto-Slavic. Nor can the -n- be explained; nor the g of Gr. λύγγ-ιος. So the word is non-IE, prob. a loan from a Eur. substratum. - I see no reason to connect the gloss λουνόν λαμπρόν H. The PN Λυγκεύς may be cognate or not. S. also λυγγούριον.Page in Frisk: 2,141-142Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λύγξ 2
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122 λυγκός
Grammatical information: m. f.Other forms: λυγγός E. fr. 683.Compounds: As 1. member in λυκό-λυγξ `wolflynx' (pap. in Sb. Heidelb. 1923: 2, 14, 13); λυγγούριον ( λυγκ-, λιγκ- u. a.) n. kind of amber (Thphr., Delos IIIa), s. v.Derivatives: λυγκίον dimin. (Callix.), λύγγιος `of the lynx' (Edict. Diocl.). On ambivalent PN Λυγκεύς (Hdt., Pi.) s. Boßhardt 130f.; from there λυγκεύς as name of an eye-salve (medic.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.Etymology: Old name of the lynx, found also in Armenian, German and Balto-Slavic. Except for the nasal λύγξ has a counterpart in Lith. consonant stem lūš-ų (gen. pl.), with as innovation the i-stem lū́š-is. The same transformation show the Slav. words, which however through influence of an other word (* rysъ `sotted, red'?) got an initial r-: Russ. rýsь etc. Also elsewhere transformstions have occurred: with thematic vowel in Swed. lō `lynx' (PGm. * luh-a-, IE *luḱ-o-); with s-sufflx in Westgermanic: OHG luhs, OE lox (cf. Germ. Fuchs, OE fox); with n-suffix in Arm. lus-an-un-k` (ἅπ. εἰρ.) pl., which also supposes old full grade (IE *leuḱ- or louḱ-). The Arm. n-fomation might be connected somehow with the Greek nasalinfix, which reappers also in Lith. dial. (Zem.) lųnšis. - Details and further connections in Bq, WP. 2, 411 f., Pok. 690, Fraenkel Wb. s. lū́šis, Vasmer Wb. s. rýsь. - Fur. 121 adduces considerations that show that it is in origin a non-IE word. The word has been connected with the root *leuḱ- `see' and would refer to the sharp sight of the animal. But this cannot explain the long ū of Balto-Slavic. Nor can the -n- be explained; nor the g of Gr. λύγγ-ιος. So the word is non-IE, prob. a loan from a Eur. substratum. - I see no reason to connect the gloss λουνόν λαμπρόν H. The PN Λυγκεύς may be cognate or not. S. also λυγγούριον.Page in Frisk: 2,141-142Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λυγκός
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123 ὄμμα
ὄμμα, - ατοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `eye'; also `look, sight, face', metaph `sun, light' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ὀμματο-στερής `bereaving one of ones eyes, blinding' (A. in lyr.), `bereaved of ones eyes, blind' (S., E. in lyr.); often as 2. member, e.g. μελαν-όμματος `with black eyes' (Pl., Arist.; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 17 f.).Derivatives: Dimin. ὀμμάτιον n. (Arist., AP; = NGr. μάτι); further ὀμμάτειος `belonging to the eyes' (S. Fr. 801), ὀμματόω `to provide eyes, to illuminate' (A., D.S.), ἐξ- ὄμμα `to bereave someone of his eyes' (E. Fr. 541), `to open someones eyes, to illuminate' (A., S., Ph. u.a.), ἐν- ὄμμα `to provide eyes' (Ph.).Etymology: Beside the usual ὄμμα stands the rare ὄππατα (Sapph.) and ὄθματα (Call., Nic., Hymn. Is.), which like ὄμμα may have arisen first from *ὄπμα by progressive assimilation resp. through differenciation (Schwyzer 317 w. lit.); diff. on ὄππατα WP. 1, 170; s. also Fraenkel Phil. 96, 164 (ππ affective consonantsharpening for *ὄπατα with Specht KZ 62, 214); ῎ὄθματα rather artificial reshaping with - θμα (Chantraine, Form. 175, R, Schmitt, Nominalbildung des Kallimachos 102. -- If a verbal noun in - μα from ὀπ- `see' ( ὄπ-ωπα, ὄψομαι), ὄμμα must orig. have meant `seeing, glance' (cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 66 w. lit.); but the word can also be an enlargement of the root noun in ὄσσε (Schwyzer 524, Porzig Satzinhalte 266). -- Cf. ὄπωπα and ὄσσε (not ὀφθαλμός).Page in Frisk: 2,387-388Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄμμα
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124 σπιθαμή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `span, the range between the stretched thumbs and the little finger' (IA).Compounds: As 2. member a. o. in τρι-σπίθαμος `measuring three spans' (Hes. Op. 426 a.o.; cf. den Boer Mnem. 4: 9, 3).Derivatives: σπιθαμ-ιαῖος `one span wide' (Hp., Arist. a. o.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: Has be compared with the group παλάμη, δόχμη, πυγμή (s. vv. w. lit.) a. o.; on the θ-suffix cf. also σπιθίαι σανίδες (`planks') νεώς H. (here Frisk mentions Germ. Spant, I don't understand why). -- I see no reason to connect σπίδιος a. cognates. - It seems to me that this is a Pre-Greek word (suffix - αμ-), though I see no further indications for it.Page in Frisk: 2,767Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπιθαμή
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125 γαυλός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `milk-pail, water-bucket, beehive' (Od.);Other forms: γαῦλος, with different accent (s. Hdn. Gr. 1, 156), a (round) freighter (Epich., s. Chantraine Étrennes Benveniste 7).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Connection with γωλεός and γύαλον (q. vv.) and further OHG kiol, awno. kióll `ship' is considered; same for γυρός. - The gloss γαυλοί: καὶ τὰ Φοινικικὰ πλοῖα γαῦλοι καλοῦνται H. does not prove Phoenician origin. See E. Masson Emprunts sém. 39ff. One limits the comparison now to Hebr. gullā `vase' for oil. - From here Lat. gaulus.Page in Frisk: 1,291-292Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γαυλός
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126 γλοιός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `glutinous substance, gum', also the oil and sweat, scraped off by sporters (Semon.); sec. also adj. (Pap.).Derivatives: γλοιώδης (Pl.); γλοιάς ἡ κακοήθης ἵππος καὶ πολυδήκτης παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ H., γλοίης, - ητος m. `slippery, shifty' (Hdn.; s. Chantr. Form. 267). Denom. γλοιόομαι `become sticky' (Dsc.), γλοιάζω `twinkle with the eyes' (Hp.). - Also γλία `glue' (EM) and γλίνη (EM) with γλινώδης (Dsc.), γλίον εὔτονον, ἰσχυρόν (H.), perh. also γλιᾶται παίζει, ἀπατᾳ̃ H., γλιῶσαι τὸ παίζειν EM. - Further γλίττον γλοιόν (H.). - Verb γλίχομαι, only pres. (but ἐγλιξάμην, Pl. Com.) prop. `stick to', i. e. `long for' (Hdt.), γλιχός (H.), γλιχώ (EM). - The development of the meaning is not always clear (s. DELG). - On γλίσχρος s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: If from *γλοιϜός, the word agrees with Russ. dial. glev `slime of fishes' (Slav. *glěvъ \< *gloi-u̯o-s), prob. also in OHG klēo, gen. klēwes `clover' (Pgm. *klaiu̯az; from the sticky juice?). If however = *γλοιι̯ός (with expressive gemination?), the word would correspond to OE clǣg `loam, clay' (PGm. *klaii̯az). - The ν-suffix in γλίνη, also in Russ.CS. glěnъ `slime' (* gloi-no-s) and in Russ. glína `clay, loam' (\< * glei-nā) is explained from a nasal present, OIr. glenim (* gli-nā-mi), OHG klenan `stick, smear'. - The gloss γλίττον (H.) is with Lat. glittus `sticky' explained as expressive gemination of the t-suffix in Lat. glūten n. `glue' (\< * gloi-t-en-?; not old r-n-stem with Benveniste Origines 104) and Lith. glitùs `sticky'. - γλία is compared with Russ. glej `clay, loam' (\< * glьjь). - No cognate for γλίχομαι; χ-present in Schwyzer 702. - See Pok. 362f. Not all comparisons are convincing. Also most words cited are Balto-Slavic or Germanic, which suggests words from a European substratum.Page in Frisk: 1,312-313Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γλοιός
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127 δείελος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `of the afternoon, of the evening', m. `evening' (Od.)Other forms: δείελον n. `evening meal' (Call.); denomin. δειελιήσας `after the evening meal' (ρ 599; after ἑστιήσας). WW(- όν Hdn.)Derivatives: δείλη f. `afternoon, evening' (also Φ 111 unless to be read δειέλη, Wackernagel Unt. 166; Hdt.) with δειλινός (LXX), δειελινός (Theoc.). - Doubtful denominative δείλετο (η 289; Aristarch for δύσετο); Schwyzer 722f. - Uncertain εὔδειλος (Alc. POxy. 2165 I 3) to λόφος; s. Gentili Maia 2: 3, 1f.; cf. εὑδείελος.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Uncertain. Solmsen Unt. 87ff. Skt. doṣā́ `evening', Av. daōšatara- `lying towards the night, westerly', NPers. dōš `last night', IE * deus-, dous-; δείελος would have metrical lengthening for *δέελος \< *δεύσελος, δείλη from contraction. Further see δύω. Not to δῆλος. - Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 319 thinks that it must be connected with Myc. eudewero \/ eu-deiwelos?\/ ( δῆλος did not contain a F.)Page in Frisk: 1,355Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δείελος
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128 ἕσπερος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `evening' (Od.), adj. `of the evening, western', also substant. `evening-star' (Il.); ἑσπέρα, Ion. - ρη f. `evening, west' (Pi., Ion.-Att., like ἡμέρα).Compounds: As 2. member in ἐφέσπερος `western' (S. OC 1059 [lyr.]), ἀκρ-έσπερος `on the edge of evening, at nightfall' (Arist., Theoc., Hp. etc., - ιος AP), ποθ-έσπερα adv. (Theoc.), προσ-εσπέριος (Arist.)Derivatives: ἑσπέριος `of the evening, westerrn' (Φ 560), subst. Έσπερία `West, Hesperia' (Agathyll. ap. D. H. 1, 49), Ϝεσπάριοι name of the western Locrians (Va), f. ἑσπερίς, esp. in plur. as PN `the Hesperides' (Hes.); later ἑσπερινός `id.' (X., LXX, Schwyzer 490); ἑσπερικός `id.' (Juba), ἑσπερίτης, - ῖτις ( χώρα; D. L.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 112). - Denomin. verb ἑσπερίζω `pass the night' (Doroth.; NGr. σπερίζω, cf. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 247) with ἑσπέρισμα (Lex. ap. Ath. 1, 11 d).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1173] *u̯e-kʷsp-er-os `to(wards) the night, evening'Etymology: Inherited word, identical with Lat. vesper, -ī `evening'; further to Lith. vãkaras, OCS večerъ `evening', which go back to *u̯ekeros, and in Celtic, e. g. Welsh ucher, and Arm. gišer. See e.g. W.-Hofmann s. vesper. - This difficult puzzle has recently been solved. Armenian had *e which became ei \> i before š, ž. The š can go back to - k(ʷ)s- (cf. vec` \< *u̯eks beside veš-tasan); s. Beekes, FS Rasmussen 2004, 59-62. Combined with the -k- and - sp- reconstructed for the other languages (above), this gives a group - k(ʷ)sp-. This group has been identified with Skt. kṣap- `night', of which the zero grade has been found in Hitt. i-spant- `night'. Welsh ucher can continue *u̯e followed by ks(p) or sp. The first element is probably cognate with Lat. uē- as in uē-sanus. The meaning will have been `(what stretches) to(wards) the night'. For the - er- cf. words connected with time like Gr. νυκτερός.Page in Frisk: 1,575Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕσπερος
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