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41 halda
* * *(held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.I. with dat.1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti halda);to preserve (halda virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);halda vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;4) to hold, keep one’s stock;also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);5) phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= halda njósnum til um e-t);halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;halda heim, to steer homewards;7) to graze, put in the field (halda fé til haga);8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);II. with acc.1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);3) to keep (halda orð sín, eið, sættir, frið);to observe (halda guðs lög ok landsins);4) to uphold, maintain, support (halda vini sína, halda e-n til ríkis);5) halda sik, to comport oneself (kunna halda sik með hófi);halda sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously;halda sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from;6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja);7) to hold, keep up;halda varnir, to keep up a defence;halda vörð, to keep watch;8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar);þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying;III. with preps.:halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (halda á sverði);to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (halda á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu);halda e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi);halda mikit af e-m, to make much of one;halda eptir e-m, to pursue one;halda e-u eptir, to keep back;halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from;halda e-u fram, to uphold, support;halda e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one;to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);halda e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin);halda í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt halda í hurðarhringinn);halda til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to;heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this;hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans;halda til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (halda mjök til skarts, til gleði);halda til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one;halda um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= halda hendi um e-t);halda barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism;halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (halda upp höndum);halda upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling;to uphold, maintain, support (halda upp hofum, kristninni);to keep going (halda upp bardaga);to discharge (halda upp kostnaði, bótum);halda upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one;halda e-u við, to maintain a thing;halda við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum);impers. to be on the point of;hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight;heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats;IV. refl., haldast.* * *u, f. = hadda, q. v. -
42 abiciō (a usu. long by position) or abiiciō
abiciō (a usu. long by position) or abiiciō iēcī, iectus, ere [ab + iacio], to throw from one, cast away, throw away, throw down: abiecit hastas, has given up the fight: in proelio... scutum: arma, Cs.: se ad pedes: ego me plurimis pro te supplicem abieci, to many in your behalf: vastificam beluam, dash to the earth: se abiecit exanimatus, he threw himself down as if lifeless: si te uret sarcina, abicito, throw it away, H.; of weapons, to discharge, cast, throw, fling: priusquam telum abici possit (al. adici), Cs.: tragulam intra munitionem, Cs. — Fig., to cast off, throw away, give up: (psaltria) aliquo abiciendast, must be got rid of, T.: salutem pro aliquo.—In partic., to throw off, cast aside, give up, abandon: consilium belli faciendi: petitionem, to resign one's candidacy: abicio legem, I reject the technical defence: abiectis nugis, nonsense apart, H.—To cast down, degrade, humble, lower: suas cogitationes in rem tam humilem: hic annus senatūs auctoritatem abiecit. — With se, to give up in despair: abiiciunt se atque ita adflicti et exanimati iacent.—To throw away, sell for a trifle, sell cheap: agros abiciet moecha, ut ornatum paret, Ph.Latin-English dictionary > abiciō (a usu. long by position) or abiiciō
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43 दा
dā
Ā. datte Pañcat. I, 4, 19/20 12, 7 Subh. ;
1. sg. dadmi MBh. XII Hariv. R. if. ;
Impv. dádātu pl. - dahu;
2. sg. daddhí RV. I f. IV, VI, VIII, X ;
dehí Pāṇ. 6-4, 119 ;
RV. III f. VIII, X AV. V, XVIII f. etc.
2. pl. dádāta RV. VII, 57, 6,
- tana X, 36, 10, dattá 51, 8 VS. AV. etc.. ;
2. du. - ttám RV. I, 34, 6 AV. etc.. ;
Pot. dadyā́ AV. etc.;
impf. ádadāt;
pl. ádadur RV. VI, X AV. V, 18, 1 ;
2. du. ádattam RV. etc.;
2. pl. - ttanai, 139, 7, ádadāta X, 64, 12 ;
Subj. dádat II, V, VII f. X, - das VII f. ;
- dan AV. VI, 24, 1 ;
p. m. nom. sg. dádat pl. - tas RV. etc.;
p. Ā. dádāna, V, 33, 9 ;
- ná, I. 148, 2; V, 2, 3 ;
sg. dadati, II, 35, 10 MBh. III, 13422 ;
pl. - danti XII f. ;
Impv. - da, IX MārkP. ;
- data Siṇhâs. ;
Pot. - det Parāṡ. VI, 19 ;
impf. ádadat AV. XII, 4, 23 MBh. R. ;
A1. sg. dádate RV. I, 24, 7 AV. X, 8, 36 ;
pl. - dante, 35 VS. VIII, 31 ;
Impv. sg. - datām RV. III, 53, 17 ;
- dasva MBh. Hariv. etc.;
impf. pl. ádadanta RV. VII, 33, II AV. XIV ;
p. dádamāna RV. I, 41, 9; IV, 26, 6 ;
aor. ádāt Pāṇ. 2-4, 77, dat, ádur, dúr etc.;
Subj. 2. du. dāsathas RV. VIII, 40, 1 <cf. Naigh. II, 30 >;
Pot. 1. pl. deshma VS. II, 32 ;
pf. dadaú, - dúr, - dáthur, - datur, - dó RV. etc.;
Pass. - dé, IV, 34 and 37 AV. X, 2, 16 ;
dadade, - dāte, - dire Pāṇ. 6-4, 126 Kāṡ. ;
p. gen. dadúshas RV. I, VIII,
- shām VI ; nom. -dvā́n X, 132, 3 ;
- dāvan AV. V, 11, 1 ;
acc. -divā́ṉsam, IX, 5, 10 <cf. Vop. XXVI, 133 >;
fut. p. dāsyát AV. VI, 71, 3 ;
Ā. - syate, - syante, 1. sg. - sye MBh. Hariv. R. MārkP. ;
Prec. deyāt Pāṇ. 6-4, 67 ;
inf. dāváne RV. ;
dā́tos VII, 4, 6 ;
- tave, VII-IX AV. III, 20, 5 ;
dā́tavaí Pāṇ. VI, 1, 200 Siddh. RV. IV, 21, 9 ;
- tum, V, AV. etc..:
ind. p. dattvā́ya Pāṇ. 7-1, 47 Kāṡ. RV. X, 85, 33 ;
- ttva AV. etc.;
-dā́ya Pāṇ. 6-4, 69 RV. etc..:
Pass. dīyate Pāṇ. 6-4, 62 ;
p. - yámāna AV. IX ;
aor. adāyi Pāṇ. 7-3, 33 Kāṡ. ;
Prec. dāsīshṭa, dāyis- VI, 4, 62) cl. 1. dā́ti RV. iv-VII ;
Impv. - tu, 15, 11 ;
cf. Pāṇ. 6-1, 8 Vārtt. 3 Pat.; II, 4, 76 Kāṡ.)
to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dat., in later language alsoᅠ gen. orᅠ loc.) RV. etc.;
to give (a daughter, kanyām) in marriage Mn. V, IX Yājñ. MBh. etc.. ;
to hand over Mn. VIII, 186 and 234 ;
(with haste) Kathās. ;
to give back, 222 f. MBh. III Pañcat. VP. Kathās. LXXIV ;
to pay ( daṇḍam, « a fine» Mn. VIII f. ;
ṛiṇam, « a debt», VIII Yājñ. II, 45);
to give up, cede ( āsanam, « one's seat») Mn. IV, 54 ;
( panthānam orᅠ mārgam, « to give up the road, allow to pass») VIII, 275 and R. V, 94, 8 ;
to sell (with instr. of the price), Nal. XIV, 21 VarBṛS. XLII, 11 ;
to sacrifice ( ātmānam, « one's self» Kathās. XXII, 227 ;
āt- khedāya, « to give one's self up to grief», V, 57);
to offer (an oblation etc.) Mn. Yājñ. R. etc.;
to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āṡishas Ṡak. MārkP.),
give (answer, prati-vacas, - canam, praty-uttaram Nal. Ṡak. etc.),
speak ( satyaṉvacas, the truth, Yājñ. II, 200 ;
vacam, to address a speech to <dat.> Ṡak. VI, 5);
to permit, allow (with inf.) MBh. I Ṡak. VI, 22 ;
to permit sexual intercourse ṠBr. XIV, 9, 4, 7 ;
to place, put, apply (in med.) Mn. Yājñ. MBh. etc.. ;
to add Pañcat. II, 6, 5 Sūryas. VarBṛS. Laghuj. ;
with varam, « to grant a boon» ṠBr. XI KātyṠr. MBh. etc.. ;
ṡoham, to cause grief, XIII R. II ;
avakāṡam, to give room orᅠ space, allow to enter Yājñ. II, 276 Mṛicch. Ragh. etc.. ;
prāṇān orᅠ jīvitam, to spare any one's life MBh. Kathās. XVIII, 275 ;
talam orᅠ - lān, to slap with the palms of the hands MBh. III, IX Hariv. 15741 ;
- la-prahāram, to strike with the palm Pañcat. IV,. 2, 0/1 ;
tālam, to beat time with the hands MBh. I Bhaṭṭ. ;
saṉjñām, to make a sign Mṛicch. ;
saṉketakam, to make an appointment Pañcat. II, 4, 3/4 ;
samayam, to propose an agreement Kathās. XVIII, 139 ;
upamām, to compare with <gen.> Cāṇ. ;
paṭaham, to proclaim with the drum Kathās. LXXIII, 357 ;
ṡabdam, to make a noise, call out Vet. IV, 2/3 ;
ṡāpam, to utter a curse MBh. R. etc.;
gāīh. id. Bhartṛ. ;
anuyātram, to accompany Kathās. XVIII, 197 ;
āliṅganane, parirambhaṇam, to embrace, 209 Gīt. III, 8 ;
jhampam, to jump Hit. ;
ṡrāddham, to perform a Srāddha MBh. XIV R. II ;
vratakam, to accomplish a vow Hariv. ;
yuddham, niy-, saṉgrāmam, to give battle, fight with MBh. Hariv. R. ;
ājñām ādeṡam, to give an order, command, BrahmaP. Vet. ;
saṉdeṡam, to give information Kathās. XVII, 161 ;
prayogam, to give a dramatic representation Mālav. I, 12/13 ;
vṛitim, to fence in Mn. VIII, 240 Kull. ;
darṡanam, to show one's self Prab. III, ;
0/1 dṛishṭim dṛiṡam akshi caksus, to fix the eyes on (loc.)
Ṡak. I, 6 Kathās. Dhūrtas. Ṡṛiṇgārat. Sāh. ;
karṇam, to give ear, listen Ṡak. Kathās. ;
manas, to direct the mind to (loc.) MBh. XII, 2526 ;
kars kapolam, to rest the cheek on the hand Kāraṇḍ. XVIII, 73 ;
nigaḍāni to put on orᅠ apply fetters Mṛicch. VII, 6/7 pāvakam, to set on fire;
agnīn to consume by fire Mn. V, 168 ;
ṡāram, to move a chess-man Daṡ. VII, 137 ;
argalam, to draw a bolt, bar Kathās. Rājat. VI, 96 ;
jānu, to kneel upon (gen.) MBh. III f. ;
padam, to tread upon <loc.> Bhartṛ. Hit. II, 12, 25 SṠaṃkar. I, 38 ;
to direct the steps Amar. 74 ;
visham, to poison Pañcar. I, 14, 80 (with acc.);
garam id. VP. IV, 3, 16 (with gen.);
Ā. to carry, hold, keep, preserve RV. AV. VS. ;
to show SV. I, 2, 1, 4, 7 (aor. adadishṭa;
aded- fr. diṡ RV.):
Caus. dāpayati ( Pāṇ. VII, 3, 36 aor. adīdapat, 4, 1 and 58 Kāṡ.)
to cause to give orᅠ be given, cause to bestow orᅠ present orᅠ give up, oblige to pay, make restore
VS. IX, 24 AV. III, 20, 8 Mn. etc.. ;
to demand from (abl.) Mn. VIII, 47 ;
to cause to utter orᅠ speak Hariv. 15782 Yājñ. II, 6/7 ;
ghoshaṇām, to cause to be made known Kathās. LXIV, 86 ;
to cause to place orᅠ advance, XII, 160 ;
to cause to perform, V, 112 to cause to be put on (loc.) MBh. I, 5724:
Desid. dítsati ( Pāṇ. 7-4, 54 and 58 p. dídāsat RV. X, 151, 2 ;
dítsat, II, VII-IX AV. V, 7, 6 MBh. ;
Pot. - tseyam RV. VIII MBh. ;
pf. 2. sg. didāsitha AitBr. VIII, 21 ṠāṇkhṠr. XVI, 16 ;
cf. ṠBr. XIII, 7, 1, 15)
to wish to give, be ready to bestow RV. etc.;
to wish to give in marriage MBh. etc.:
Intens. dedīyate Pāṇ. 6-4, 66 Kāṡ. ;
+ cf. δίδωμι;
Lat. do; etc.
dā́2) m. a giver RV. V, 41, 1 (dat. dé); VI, 16, 26 (nom. dā́s);
ifc., giving, granting, seeᅠ an-aṡva-, a-bhiksha-, aṡva-, ātma-, etc. -dā́;
án-āṡīr-
3) For do, to cut q.v.
4) cl. 4. P. dyáti (cf. ā- 4. dā), to bind, only in dīshva VS. XXXVIII, 3 ;
5) For de q.v.
6) f. (de), protection, defence L. ;
7) For dai q.v.
8) f. ( das) cleansing, purifying L.
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44 lini|a
/'linja/ f (G D Gpl linii) 1. Mat. line- linia krzywa/łamana a curved/broken line- linia prosta a straight line- połączyć dwa punkty linią prostą to join two points with a straight line2. (kreska) line- linia ciągła/przerywana a solid/broken line- zeszyt w linię a lined a. ruled notebook- papier/zeszyt w trzy linie a three-line(d) paper/notebook3. przen. line- linia świateł a line a. shaft of light4. (granica) line- linia włosów hairline- linia horyzontu the line of the horizon, the skyline- linia brzegowa a shoreline, a coastline5. (szereg) line, row- stoły ustawione w jednej linii tables lined up- ustawić krzesła w jednej linii to arrange chairs in a line, to align chairs6. (kontur) line, outline- opływowa linia samochodu the rounded a. aerodynamic lines of a car- klasyczna linia nosa the classic line of sb’s nose- linia spódnicy the cut of a skirt- suknia o wciętej linii a narrow-waisted dress- drzewa odcinały się ciemną linią od nieba the trees cut a dark line on the horizon7. Elektr., Telekom. (przewód) line- linia telefoniczna a telephone line- linia telegraficzna a telegraph wire- sieć linii energetycznych an electric(al) power grid- linia wysokiego napięcia a high-voltage a. high-tension line8. Telekom. (połączenie) line- linia była zajęta the line was engaged a. busy US- zakłócenia na linii a bad line- są zakłócenia na linii the line a. connection is bad, the line is crackling- bezpłatna linia telefoniczna a freephone number GB, a toll-free number US9. (trasa) line, route- linia tramwajowa a tram line a. route- linia autobusowa a bus route a. service- linia kolejowa Warszawa-Kraków the Warsaw-Cracow (railway) line- tramwaj linii 33 the number 33 tram10. (w tekście) line- w ostatniej linii na tej stronie jest błąd there’s a mistake in the last line of the a. this page- możesz pisać w tej samej linii you can write on the same line11. Techn. line- linia produkcyjna/montażowa the production/assembly line- uruchomić/zatrzymać linię to start/to stop the line12. Wojsk. (stanowiska na froncie) line- linia frontu the front line- nieprzyjaciel przypuścił atak na całej linii the enemy attacked along the whole front- udało im się wydostać poza linię okrążenia they managed to break out of the encirclement- walczyć w pierwszej linii to fight in the front line- linia umocnień wroga the enemy’s line of fortifications- żołnierz z pierwszej linii a front-line soldier- krewni w linii prostej relatives a. kin in the direct line, lineal ancestors and descendants- powinowaci w linii prostej spouse’s relatives in the direct line- krewni z linii matki/ojca relatives on the mother’s/father’s side- na nim wygaśnie linia rodu with him the male line of the family will end- pochodzić w prostej linii od kogoś to be a direct descendant of sb, to be directly descended from sb- linia boczna collateral line- linia wstępująca a. wstępna lineal ancestors- linia zstępująca a. zstępna lineal descendants14. (tendencja) line- linia ideologiczna/polityczna (partii) the ideological/political line (of a party)- linia obrony/rozumowania a line of defence/thought- trzymać się obranej linii postępowania to stick to a chosen course of action15. augm. (duża linijka) ruler, rule 16. Druk. line- linia pisma a line of type- linia tekstu line (of text)17. Leśn. clearing 18. (na dłoni) line- linia głowy/serca the head/heart line- linia losu the line of fate- linia życia the life line- linie papilarne lines on the palm, fingers, and thumb; dermatoglyphics spec.- pobierać odciski linii papilarnych to take sb’s fingerprints19. Miary line 20. Sport linia autowa a touchline, a sideline- piłka wypadła za linię autową the ball went into touch- linia bramkowa a goal line- wybić piłkę z linii bramkowej to make a goal-line clearance- linia startu/mety the starting/finishing line- □ linia demarkacyjna Polit. line of demarcation, demarcation line- linia hetmańska/królewska/wieżowa Gry queen/king/rook line- linia kosmetyków Kosmet. line a. range of cosmetics- linia Maginota Hist. the Maginot line- linia melodyczna/kompozycyjna Literat., Muz. melodic/compositional line- linia naboczna Anat. lateral line (system)- linia opanowana Gry controlled square- linia przestrzenna Mat. spatial line- linia przesyłowa Elektr. transmission line- linia średnicowa Kolej. cross-town line- linia telekomunikacyjna Telekom. telecommunication(s) line- linia wodna Żegl. waterline- linia zabudowy Archit. building line- linia zmiany daty Geog. date line, International Date Line- linie lotnicze Lotn. airline- Polskie Linie Lotnicze "Lot" Lot Polish Airlines- linie oceaniczne ocean lines■ pod linię książk. lined up, in a line- w linii prostej in a straight a. direct line- stąd do miasta jest w linii prostej 5 kilometrów as the crow flies it’s five kilometres from here to the town, the town is five kilometres away as the crow flies- na linii oczu at eye level- dbać o linię pot. to watch one’s figure- iść po linii najmniejszego oporu pot. to take a. follow the line of least resistance, to take the path of least resistance US- klęska/klapa na całej linii a complete disaster/washout- ponieść porażkę na całej linii to get a (real) hiding- odnieść zwycięstwo na całej linii to win an outright victory- przegrał wybory na całej linii he suffered a crushing defeat in the election- nowa metoda zawiodła na całej linii the new method has been a complete a. total failureThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > lini|a
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45 территория
territory, territory area; cм. также иерархия социальнаяThe distinction between defended and home-range territory cannot always be maintained in practice, .Sice our knowledge of the natural behaviour of animals under the varied natural conditions of their lives is often insufficient to enable us to say to what extent others are excluded from the territory. .The unqualified term “territory” is therefore useful for such cases, and it can readily be qualified as home-range or defended as our knowledge justifies. .Erkins remark appear apt to this discussion, and I have adopted his usage of the term territory .No defence of a territory was noted in study and transient lions, both males and females, used these territories freely .In a territory were actively defended against an intruder then the resident would have to apprroach the intruder to either frighten it or to forcefully drive it from the area. .Both males and females invariably visit these sites and ordinarily travel much the same route, whether hunting or seemingly just traveling .классическая многофункциональная территория - all-purpose territory of A-typeвладелец территория - territory-holder, territory-ownerALl they do is fight each other, and intrude into each others territories. Owner postures, rushs up to strangers when these trespass (пересекают) its range .A newcomer manifested maximum self-assurance upon arrival, and even evicted the resident male from the central part of his territory in the course of the first day .гнездовая территория - breeding territory, nesting territoryзанятие территория - acquisition of territory, territory-establishment, settling within territoryONce the female has settled on a territory, she begins actively to defend its boundaries against all other conspecific females .неперекрывающиеся территория - мн. nonoverlapping territoriesClusters composed of 10–12 nesting territories are separated by rather large areas that remain unoccupied .охрана границ территория - guarding territory borders, patrolling territory boundariesпребывать на территория - occupy territory, stay on territorySome pairs may remain on their nesting territories after breeding, staying until the autumn or perhaps even until the following spring .удерживать территория за собой - hold territory, keep territoryРусско-английский словарь по этологии (поведению животных) > территория
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46 мир
1. сущ.(согласие, отсутствие вражды) peaceугрожать миру (представлять угрозу делу мира) — to endanger (imperil, jeopardize, menace, threaten) peace; pose a threat to peace
- гражданский мирсторонник мира — advocate (defender, supporter) of peace
- длительный мир
- прочный мир
- справедливый мир 2. сущ.( вселенная) the universe; worldво всём мире — all over the world (the globe); in the whole world; throughout the world; the world over; world-wide
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47 война войн·а
war; (приёмы ведения войны) warfareввергнуть страну в войну — to plunge / to precipitate a country into war
вести войну — to wage / to fight / to make war (against)
вовлечь страну в войну — to involve a country / a nation in war
возвести войну в ранг официальной политики, узаконить войну — to institutionalize war
вступить в войну — to enter / to come into a war
втянуть страну в войну — to drag a country into war, to entangle a country in war
залечить (тяжёлые) раны, нанесённые войной — to heal the (deep) wounds of war
исключить войну из жизни общества / человечества — to ban / to exclude war from the life of human society / of mankind
наживаться на войне — to make profits from war, to make money out of war
начать войну — to launch / to start a war, to open hostilities
объявить войну какой-л. стране — to declare war on / upon a country
потерпеть поражение в войне, проиграть войну — to lose the war
предотвратить войну — to avert / to prevent / to preclude / to head off / to stave off war
прекратить войну — to cease / to end / to stop a war; to bring the war to an end
развязать войну — to unleash / to trigger off a war
разжигать войну — to fan / to foment / to stir up / to incite war
угрожать войной — to menace / to threaten war; to carry the threat of war
вспыхнула / разразилась война — a war broke out
агрессивная война — aggressive / invasive war, war of aggression
бактериологическая война — bacteriological / germ warfare
Великая Отечественная война — (1941-1945 гг., СССР) ист. the Great Patriotic War
воздушная война, война в воздухе — air war
всеобщая война — general / universal / all-out war
горячая война (в отличие от холодной) — hot / shooting war
грабительская война — predatory / plunderous war
длительная война — long / protracted war
дорогостоящая война — costly / expensive war
жестокая война — brutal / cruel / fierce / ferocious / ruthless war
затяжная война — prolonged / protracted sustained war
захватническая война — aggressive / annexation / annexionist / invasive war; war of conquest
"звёздные войны" ист. — "star wars"
истребительная война — war of extermination / annihilation
кровопролитная война — bloody / murderous war
маневренная война — war of movement, manoeuvre warfare
междоусобная война — internal / internecine war
первая мировая война — World War I, the First World War
вторая мировая война — World War II, the Second World War
морская война, война на море — maritime / sea war; war at sea; naval warfare
наступательная война — offensive war, war of offensive
национально-освободительная война — national-liberation war, war of national liberation
неизбежная война — inevitable / imminent war
необъявленная война — undeclared war / warfare
неограниченная война — uncontained / uncontrolled / unrestricted war
неядерная / обычная война — conventional war / warfare, nonnuclear war
оборонительная война — defensive war, war of defence
ограниченная война — limited / restricted war
опустошительная война — desolating / devastating war
освободительная война — war of liberation, liberation war
партизанская война — guerrilla war / warfare
подводная война — submarine / U-boat warfare
позиционная война — trench war / warfare, positional war, war of position
/ радиотехническая война — radio warfareразрушительная война — destructive war, holocaust
стратегическая война — strategic war / warfare
тайная война — secret / covert war
таможенная / тарифная война — tariff war
тотальная война — total / all-out war
химическая война — chemical / gas warfare
средства ведения химической войны — chemical warfare agents, CWAs
экологическая война — ecological / environmental warfare
ядерная война, война с применением ядерного оружия — nuclear war / warfare
отказаться от ядерной войны в любой её разновидности — to renounce nuclear war in any of its variations
уменьшать опасность возникновения ядерной войны — to decrease / to reduce the danger / the risk of the outbreak of nuclear war
Война за независимость — (1775-1783, США) ист. War of Independence / Revolutionary War
война с применением оружия массового уничтожения АВС — warfare, atomic, bacteriological and chemical warfare
"война цен" — price war / warfare
варварские методы / средства ведения войны — barbarious warfare
на грани войны — on the brink / verge of war
обычаи войны — war usages; customs of war
опасность (возникновения) войны — war danger, danger / risk of war
оппозиция войне, отрицательное отношение к войне — opposition / resistence to war
очаг войны — hotbed / seat of war
ликвидировать очаги войны — to eliminate / to extinguish the hotbeds / seats of war
правила ведения войны — rules / law of warfare
состояние войны — state of war; belligerence, belligerency
находиться в состоянии войны — to be in a state of war (with), to be at war (with)
государства / державы, находящиеся в состоянии войны — belligerent states / powers
объявить состояние войны — to declare / to proclaim a state of war
средства ведения войны — agents of warfare, weapons / means of war / warfare
угроза войны — menace / threat of war
урон / ущерб, нанесённый войной — war damage
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48 выступать выступ·ать
1) (публично) to speakвыступать в защиту кого-л. — to speak in defence of smb.
выступать в качестве официального представителя (государства, организации и т.п.) — to speak in one's representative capacity
выступать в качестве председателя (конференции, заседания и т.п.) — to speak as President
выступать в поддержку предложения / плана / программы — to speak in favour / in support of a proposal / a plan / a programme
выступать в порядке осуществления своего права на ответ — to speak in exercise of one's right to reply
выступать как частное лицо / от своего собственного имени — to speak in one's personal capacity
выступать на конференции / собрании / съезде и т.п. — to speak at / to address a conference / a meeting / a congress, etc.
выступать от имени кого-л. — to speak on behalf of smb.
выступать по процедурному вопросу / по порядку ведения заседания — to speak / to intervene on a point of order
выступать по радио — to speak on the radio
выступать по телевидению — to speak on television / TV, to make a television appearance
выступать против чего-л. — to speak against smth., to oppose smth.; (резко) to assault smth.
выступать против решения председателя (конференции и т.п.) — to appeal against the ruling of the chairman
выступать публично — to make a public appearance, to speak in public
выступать с докладом / с речью — to make / to deliver a report / a speech
выступать с заявлением по поводу чего-л. / в печати — to make a statement on smth. / for the press
выступать с критикой / с критическими замечаниями — to voice criticism, to criticize
выступать с обращением / призывом — to make an appeal, to deliver an address
выступать в защиту кого-л., чего-л. — to stand up for smb., smth.
выступать в защиту своих прав — to stand up for / to come out in support of one's rights
выступать в поддержку чего-л. (плана, предложения, программы и т.п.) — to come out in favour of smth.; to voice one's support for smth., to support smth.
выступать за сотрудничество — to stand (up) / to come out for cooperation
3) (действовать) to actвыступать в союзе с кем-л. — to act in alliance with smb.
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > выступать выступ·ать
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49 мир
I1) (человеческое общество) worldвесь мир — whole world, the world at large
"третий мир" — third world
2) (вселенная, планета) universe, world, planet3) (круг людей) worldII1) (отсутствие вражды, войны) peaceнарушать мир — to break / to upset peace
обеспечивать мир — to ensure / safeguard peace
обеспечить прочный мир во всём мире — to guarantee / to ensure durable / lasting peace in the world
поставить мир под угрозу — to jeopardize / to endanger peace
способствовать созданию более стабильного, прочного и безопасного мира — contribute to a more stable, more peaceful and safer world
укреплять мир — to consolidate / to enhance / to strengthen peace
всеобщий мир — universal / world peace
нарушать международный мир — to break / to violate international peace, to commit breach of international peace
подлинный мир — true / genuine peace
прочный мир — stable / enduring / lasting peace
обеспечить прочный мир — to guarantee a durable / stable / lasting peace
борьба за мир — fight / struggle for peace
посланец мира — envoy of peace, ambassador of peace, peace commissioner
во имя / в целях сохранения мира — for the sake of peace
2) (мирный договор) peaceзаключить мир — to conclude / to make peace; bury the hatchet, lay aside the tomahawk
справедливый мир — just / equitable peace
мир, достигнутый путём переговоров — negotiated peace
соглашение о мире, заключённое на основе-взаимных уступок — peace package
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50 telum
tēlum, i, n. [for texlum; root tek-, of tiktô, to beget; tuk-, tuch-, of tunchanô, to hit, chance upon; v. texo; cf. toxon, a bow], a weapon used for fighting at a distance; a missile weapon, missile, as a dart, spear, javelin, etc. (while arma signifies arms for defence or close fight; v. arma; cf.: jaculum, tormentum).I.Lit.: tela proprie dici videntur ea, quae missilia sunt: ex Graeco videlicet translato eorum nomine, quoniam illi têlothen missa dicunt, quae nos eminus;B.sicut arma ea, quae ab umeris dependentia retinentur manibus,
Fest. p. 364 Müll.; cf. id. p. 3; and Serv. Verg. A. 8, 249; 9, 509: telum vulgo quidem id appellatur, quod ab arcu mittitur, sed nunc omne significatur, quod mittitur manu. Itaque sequitur, ut et lapis et lignum et ferrum hoc nomine contineatur, dictum ab eo, quod in longinquum mittitur, Graecā voce figuratum apo tou têlou, Dig. 50, 16, 233: arma rigent, horrescunt tela, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Trag. v. 177 Vahl.); so,opp. arma,
Sall. C. 42, 2; 51, 38; id. J. 43, 3; Ov. M. 9, 201: tela manu jacere, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 438 Vahl.); cf.:si quis jaciat volatile telum,
Lucr. 1, 970:tela depellere...telum jacere,
Cic. Quint. 2, 8:conicere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 46; 1, 47; 2, 27; Cic. Quint. 16, 52 al.; cf.:nubes levium telorum conjecta obruit aciem Gallorum,
Liv. 38, 26, 7;and with this cf.: it toto turbida caelo Tempestas telorum ac ferreus ingruit imber,
Verg. A. 12, 284:telum ex loco superiore mittere,
Caes. B. G. 3, 4:Romani omni genere missilium telorum ac saxis maxime vulnerabantur,
Liv. 44, 35, 21; cf. Sisenn. ap. Non. 449, 3:priusquam ad conjectum teli veniretur,
Liv. 2, 31, 6:tela vitare,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25:telis repulsi,
id. ib. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 5:non primus Teucer tela Cydonio Direxit arcu,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 17:in medios telum torsisti primus Achivos,
Verg. A. 5, 497:tela spargere,
Luc. 3, 326; Quint. 4, 5, 14:aërias telum contendit in auras,
Verg. A. 5, 520:telum volatile sensit,
Ov. A. A. 1, 169:volucre,
Val. Fl. 2, 524:hic confixum ferrea texit Telorum seges,
Verg. A. 3, 46:nubes telorum,
Liv. 38, 26, 7:nimbus,
Luc. 4, 776. —Transf.1.In gen., an offensive weapon of any kind, as a sword, dagger, poniard, axe, etc. (class.): Ajax gladio incubuit;2.Ulixes intervenit... e corpore cruentum telum educit,
Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18:ex quibus (telis) ille maximum sicarum numerum et gladiorum extulit,
Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 8:elatam securim in caput dejecit: relictoque in vulnere telo ambo se foras eiciunt,
Liv. 1, 40, 7:non tuba terruerit, non strictis agmina telis,
Ov. M. 3, 535:tela aliis hastae, aliis secures erant,
Curt. 9, 1, 15:clavae tela erant,
id. 9, 4, 3:stare in comitio cum telo,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15;so esp. freq.: esse cum telo,
to be armed, id. Att. 2, 24, 3; id. Vatin. 10, 24; id. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7; Sall. C. 27, 2 al.; cf.:esse cum telo hominis occidendi causā (lex) vetat,
Cic. Mil. 4, 11:qui caedem telo quocumque commiserint,
Quint. 10, 1, 12:ut pereat positum rubigine telum,
my sheathed sword, Hor. S. 2, 1, 43 et saep.:pars caret altera telo Frontis,
i. e. a horn, Ov. M. 8, 883;so of the caestus,
Verg. A. 5, 438; Stat. Th. 6, 772.—Poet., like the Gr. belos (v. Lidd. and Scott, sub voce),a.A sunbeam:b.non radii solis neque lucida tela diei,
Lucr. 1, 147; 2, 60; 3, 92; 6, 40.—Lightning:3.arbitrium est in sua tela Jovi,
Ov. F. 3, 316:excutere irato tela trisulca Jovi,
id. Am. 2, 5, 52.—A stitch in the side, Ser. Samm. 22, 402; cf. Isid. Orig. 4, 6.—4.= membrum virile, Mart. 11, 78, 6; Auct. Priap. 9; Just. 38, 1. —II.Trop., a weapon, shaft, dart (class.), Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 113: usque quāque sapere oportet: id erit telum acerrimum, Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.: nec mediocre telum ad res gerendas existimare oportet benevolen, tiam civium, Cic. Lael. 17, 61:nec gelidis torpet telis perfixa pavoris,
Lucr. 3, 305:Veneris telis accipere ictus,
id. 4, 1052:necessitas, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est,
Liv. 4, 28, 5; 5, 29, 9:quā lege tribunitiis rogationibus telum acerrimum datum est,
id. 3, 55, 3:de corpore rei publicae tuorum scelerum tela revellere,
Cic. Pis. 11, 25:tela fortunae,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 2:lucubrationis telum,
Suet. Calig. 53:vis tribunicia, telum a majoribus libertati paratum,
Sall. Or. Macri Licinii ad Pleb. 6; Liv. 6, 35, 8:sentire et linguae tela subire tuae,
Ov. P. 4, 6, 36. -
51 προναυμαχέω
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προναυμαχέω
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52 tegenspel
♦voorbeelden:〈 figuurlijk〉 tegenspel geven/leveren • put up a fight, respond -
53 قاوم
قَاوَمَ \ dispute: to quarrel about; not agree with (a claim, a right, a decision, etc.). go against: to be or act in opposition to: She went against her mother’s wishes. oppose: to be against; not support: I oppose (or I am opposed to) your plan. resist: to use force against (an attacker, an attack, etc.); prevent, or try to prevent (an attempt, an effrot, etc.); refuse (a demand); remain strong in spite of some weakening force: He could not resist the offer of a better job. stick up for, (stand up for): to speak in defence of: You must stick up for yourself if you are wrongly blamed. make a stand: to remain firm and be ready to fight: The company made a bold stand against the workers’ unreasonable demands. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also عارض (عَارَضَ)، صمد (صَمَدَ) -
54 dispute
قَاوَمَ \ dispute: to quarrel about; not agree with (a claim, a right, a decision, etc.). go against: to be or act in opposition to: She went against her mother’s wishes. oppose: to be against; not support: I oppose (or I am opposed to) your plan. resist: to use force against (an attacker, an attack, etc.); prevent, or try to prevent (an attempt, an effrot, etc.); refuse (a demand); remain strong in spite of some weakening force: He could not resist the offer of a better job. stick up for, (stand up for): to speak in defence of: You must stick up for yourself if you are wrongly blamed. make a stand: to remain firm and be ready to fight: The company made a bold stand against the workers’ unreasonable demands. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also عارض (عَارَضَ)، صمد (صَمَدَ) -
55 go against
قَاوَمَ \ dispute: to quarrel about; not agree with (a claim, a right, a decision, etc.). go against: to be or act in opposition to: She went against her mother’s wishes. oppose: to be against; not support: I oppose (or I am opposed to) your plan. resist: to use force against (an attacker, an attack, etc.); prevent, or try to prevent (an attempt, an effrot, etc.); refuse (a demand); remain strong in spite of some weakening force: He could not resist the offer of a better job. stick up for, (stand up for): to speak in defence of: You must stick up for yourself if you are wrongly blamed. make a stand: to remain firm and be ready to fight: The company made a bold stand against the workers’ unreasonable demands. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also عارض (عَارَضَ)، صمد (صَمَدَ) -
56 make a stand
قَاوَمَ \ dispute: to quarrel about; not agree with (a claim, a right, a decision, etc.). go against: to be or act in opposition to: She went against her mother’s wishes. oppose: to be against; not support: I oppose (or I am opposed to) your plan. resist: to use force against (an attacker, an attack, etc.); prevent, or try to prevent (an attempt, an effrot, etc.); refuse (a demand); remain strong in spite of some weakening force: He could not resist the offer of a better job. stick up for, (stand up for): to speak in defence of: You must stick up for yourself if you are wrongly blamed. make a stand: to remain firm and be ready to fight: The company made a bold stand against the workers’ unreasonable demands. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also عارض (عَارَضَ)، صمد (صَمَدَ) -
57 oppose
قَاوَمَ \ dispute: to quarrel about; not agree with (a claim, a right, a decision, etc.). go against: to be or act in opposition to: She went against her mother’s wishes. oppose: to be against; not support: I oppose (or I am opposed to) your plan. resist: to use force against (an attacker, an attack, etc.); prevent, or try to prevent (an attempt, an effrot, etc.); refuse (a demand); remain strong in spite of some weakening force: He could not resist the offer of a better job. stick up for, (stand up for): to speak in defence of: You must stick up for yourself if you are wrongly blamed. make a stand: to remain firm and be ready to fight: The company made a bold stand against the workers’ unreasonable demands. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also عارض (عَارَضَ)، صمد (صَمَدَ) -
58 resist
قَاوَمَ \ dispute: to quarrel about; not agree with (a claim, a right, a decision, etc.). go against: to be or act in opposition to: She went against her mother’s wishes. oppose: to be against; not support: I oppose (or I am opposed to) your plan. resist: to use force against (an attacker, an attack, etc.); prevent, or try to prevent (an attempt, an effrot, etc.); refuse (a demand); remain strong in spite of some weakening force: He could not resist the offer of a better job. stick up for, (stand up for): to speak in defence of: You must stick up for yourself if you are wrongly blamed. make a stand: to remain firm and be ready to fight: The company made a bold stand against the workers’ unreasonable demands. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also عارض (عَارَضَ)، صمد (صَمَدَ) -
59 stick up for, (stand up for)
قَاوَمَ \ dispute: to quarrel about; not agree with (a claim, a right, a decision, etc.). go against: to be or act in opposition to: She went against her mother’s wishes. oppose: to be against; not support: I oppose (or I am opposed to) your plan. resist: to use force against (an attacker, an attack, etc.); prevent, or try to prevent (an attempt, an effrot, etc.); refuse (a demand); remain strong in spite of some weakening force: He could not resist the offer of a better job. stick up for, (stand up for): to speak in defence of: You must stick up for yourself if you are wrongly blamed. make a stand: to remain firm and be ready to fight: The company made a bold stand against the workers’ unreasonable demands. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also عارض (عَارَضَ)، صمد (صَمَدَ) -
60 withstand
قَاوَمَ \ dispute: to quarrel about; not agree with (a claim, a right, a decision, etc.). go against: to be or act in opposition to: She went against her mother’s wishes. oppose: to be against; not support: I oppose (or I am opposed to) your plan. resist: to use force against (an attacker, an attack, etc.); prevent, or try to prevent (an attempt, an effrot, etc.); refuse (a demand); remain strong in spite of some weakening force: He could not resist the offer of a better job. stick up for, (stand up for): to speak in defence of: You must stick up for yourself if you are wrongly blamed. make a stand: to remain firm and be ready to fight: The company made a bold stand against the workers’ unreasonable demands. withstand: to bear (weight, pressure, an attack, etc.) without weakening. \ See Also عارض (عَارَضَ)، صمد (صَمَدَ)
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