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  • 1 ἔσχατος

    ἔσχατος, η, ον (Hom.+) gener. ‘last’
    ① pert. to being at the farthest boundary of an area, farthest, last ὁ ἔσχατος τόπος, perh. to be understood locally of the place in the farthest corner Lk 14:9f (but s. 2 below).—Subst. τὸ ἔσχατον the end (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1515a p. 319, 19 εἰς τὸ ἔσχατον τῆς νήσου; PTebt 68, 54 [II B.C.] of a document) ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς to the end of the earth (Is 48:20; 62:11; 1 Macc 3:9; PsSol 1:4; εἰς τὸ ἔ. τῆς γῆς TestSol 7:6 D) Ac 1:8 (CBurchard, D. Dreizehnte Zeuge, ’70, 134 n. 309; EEllis, ‘The End of the Earth’, Acts 1:8: Bulletin for Biblical Research 1, ’91, 123–32, tr. of his text in: Der Treue Gottes Trauen, Beiträge … für Gerhard Schneider, ed. CBussmann and WRadl ’91, 277–86 [Luke wrote in mid-60’s and Paul reached Gades in Spain]; BBecking, 573–76); 13:47; B 14:8 (the two last Is 49:6). Pl. (Hes., Theog. 731 and an oracle in Hdt. 7, 140 ἔσχατα γαίης; X., Vect. 1, 6; Diod S 1, 60, 5; Ael. Aristid. 35, 14 K.=9 p. 103 D.: ἔσχ. γῆς; Crates, Ep. 31 and Demosth., Ep. 4, 7 ἐπʼ ἔσχατα γῆς) τὰ ἔ. τῆς γῆς the ends of the earth 1 Cl 28:3 (Theocr. 15, 8; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 2, 413–18b. With εἰς before it Ps 138:9).
    ② pert. to being the final item in a series, least, last in time
    ⓐ coming last or the last of someth. that is left w. ref. to its relation with someth. preceding Mt 20:12, 14; Mk 12:6, 22; J 8:9 v.l. Opp. πρῶτος (2 Ch 9:29 al.; Sir 24:28; 41:3): ἀπὸ τῶν ἐ. ἕως τῶν πρώτων Mt 20:8; cp. 27:64; 1 Cor 15:45 (ἔ. also the later of two, as Dt 24:3f ἔ. … πρότερος; hence 1 Cor 15:47 replaced by δεύτερος). Cp. Mt 21:31 v.l. ὁ. ἔ. the latter. Of things τὰ ἔσχατα Rv 2:19; Hv 1, 4, 2. τὰ ἔσχατα (in contrast to τὰ πρῶτα as Job 8:7; TestSol 26:8) the last state Mt 12:45; Lk 11:26; 2 Pt 2:20. Of the creation in the last days ποιῶ τ. ἔσχατα ὡς τ. πρῶτα (apocryphal quot.; cp. Hippolytus, Comm. on Daniel 4:37) B 6:13.
    ⓑ w. ref. to a situation in which there is nothing to follow the ἔ. (Diod S 19, 59, 6 κρίσιν ἐσχάτην τῆς περὶ Δημήτριον βασιλείας=the last [final] crisis in the reign of Demetrius; TestAbr B 3 p. 108, 3 [Stone p. 64] ἐσχατός μού ἐστιν): ἡ ἐ. ἡμέρα τ. ἑορτῆς (cp. 2 Esdr 18:18) J 7:37. τὴν ἐ. ἡμέραν τῆς ζωῆς Hv 3, 12, 2; ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ αὐτοῦ ἡμέρᾳ in the last days of his life GJs 1:3 (cp. ApcEsd 7:10 ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ Ἰωσήφ). ὁ ἔ. κοδράντης (cp. 2 Esdr 15:15) Mt 5:26; Lk 12:59 v.l.; D 1:5; cp. 1 Cor 15:26, 52; Rv 15:1; 21:9. τὴν … ἐ. ῥάβδον GJs 9:1. τὰ ἔ. ῥήματα the last words (of a speech) Hv 1, 3, 3. As a self-designation of the Risen Lord ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἒ. the first and the last Rv 1:17; 2:8; 22:13. Esp. of the last days, which are sometimes thought of as beginning w. the birth of Christ, somet. w. his second coming ἡ ἐ. ἡμέρα the last day (PViereck, Sermo Gr., quo senatus pop. Rom. magistratusque … usi sunt 1888 ins 29, 9 [116 B.C.] εἰς ἐσχάτην ἡμέραν=forever) J 6:39f, 44, 54; 11:24; 12:48 (ApcMos 41; BAebert, D. Eschatol. des J, diss. Bres. ’36); Hv 2, 2, 5. Pl. (Is 2:2) Ac 2:17; 2 Ti 3:1; Js 5:3; D 16:3; B 4:9. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων (Num 24:14; Jer 23:20; 25:19) in these last days Hb 1:2. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τ. ἡμερῶν (Hos 3:5; Jer 37:24; Ezk 38:16) 2 Pt 3:3 (cp. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων χρόνων 1 Pt 1:20 v.l.); 2 Cl 14:2; B 12:9; 16:5; Hs 9, 12, 3; GJs 7:2.—ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου Jd 18; ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τ. χρόνων 1 Pt 1:20.—ἔ. καιρός vs. 5; D 16:2. Pl. (TestIss 6:1 ἐν ἐσχάτοις καιροῖς) IEph 11:1. ἐπʼ ἐ. [κα]ι̣ρ̣[ῶ]ν̣ AcPl Ha 8, 25 (Ox 1602, 39f reads ἐπʼ ἐ̣|σ̣χάτῳ τῶν καιρῶν, cp. BMM recto 33; ApcMos 13).—ἐ. ὥρα (Teles p. 17, 5) 1J 2:18.—The neut. ἔσχατον as adv. finally (SIG 1219, 11 [III B.C.]; POxy 886, 21; Num 31:2; Pr 29:21; Tat. 35, 1) ἔ. πάντων last of all Mk 12:22; 1 Cor 15:8 (PJones, TynBull 36, ’85, 3–34). S. lit. s.v. παρουσία.
    ③ pert. to furthest extremity in rank, value, or situation, last: last, least, most insignificant (opp. πρῶτος as Hierocles 23 p. 468: a human is ἔσχατος μὲν τῶν ἄνω, πρῶτος δὲ τῶν κάτω): (οἱ) πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι καὶ (οἱ) ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι Mt 19:30; 20:16; Mk 9:35 (πάντων ἔσχατος as Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 77 §322); 10:31; Lk 13:30; Ox 654, 25 (restored); 26 (=ASyn. 256, 55; GTh 4; Fitzmyer, Oxy. p. 523). τὸν ἔ. τόπον κατέχειν take the poorest place (in this sense the ἔ. τόπος would be contrasted with the ἐνδοξότερος, as Diog. L. 2, 73) Lk 14:9; cp. vs. 10 (but s. 1 above). Of the apostles, whom God has exhibited as the least among humans, by the misfortunes they have suffered (Diod S 8, 18, 3 the ἔσχατοι are the people living in the most extreme misery; Dio Chrys. 21 [38], 37 the tyrants treat you as ἐσχάτους; Cass. Dio 42, 5, 5 Πομπήιος … καθάπερ τις τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἔσχατος) 1 Cor 4:9. ἔ. τῶν πιστῶν IEph 21:2; cp. ITr 13:1; IRo 9:2; ISm 11:1. Of a very hazardous situation extreme εἰ … ἔ. κίνδυνον in extreme danger AcPl Ha 4, 15f (cp. Just., D. 46, 7 ὑπομένομεν τὰ ἐ. τιμωρία).—In a positive sense, utmost, finest εὐλόγησον αὐτὴν ἐσχάτην εὐλογίαν bless her with the ultimate blessing GJs 6:2 (s. de Strycker ad loc.; cp. Just., D. 32, 1 τῇ ἐ. κατάρᾳ w. the worst curse).—B. 940. Cp. τελευταῖο Schmidt Syn. IV 524–34. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἔσχατος

  • 2 τομή

    τομ-ή, ἡ, ([etym.] τέμνω)
    A end left after cutting, stump of a tree, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπεν [τὸ σκῆπτρον] Il.1.235; ῥιζῶν τομαί the ends of the roots ( left by cutting away the tree), S.Fr.534.5 (anap.); ὀπὸν.. στάζοντα τομῆς ib.2; δοκοῦ τ. end of a beam, Th.2.76;

    ἡ τοῦ καλάμου τ. Thphr.HP4.11.7

    , cf. Theoc.10.46; λίθοι ἐν τομῇ ἐγγώνιοι stones cut square, Th.1.93 (sed leg. ἐντομῇ) ; σκέψαι τομῇ προσθεῖσα βόστρυχον having fitted the lock to the place from which it was cut, A.Ch. 229 ( σκέψαιτο μὴ cod. M, distinxit Turnebus); πρὸς τὴν τ. μεταστρέφειν to the cut, Pl.Smp. 190e, cf. Arist.HA 532a4.
    b Ταύροιο τ. prob. = προτομή 1, Arat. 322.
    2 Math., section, as a circle is the section of a sphere, a conic section of the cone, Arist.Mete. 375b32, Pr. 912a13, cf. App.Anth.4.74 ([place name] Synesius); with or without κοινή, the line in which two planes cut each other, Arist.Metaph. 1060b14, Euc.11.16, Archim. Con.Sph.11, al., Apollon.Perg.Con.1.4, etc.; point of intersection of two lines, Archim.Spir.20, al., Ptol.Alm.3.3, etc.: abstract use, περὶ διωρισμένης τ. On determinate section, name of lost treatise of Apollon.Perg.; τὰ περὶ τὴν τ. the theorems about the section (sc. in extreme and mean ratio), Procl.in Euc.p.67 F.:—in conic sections, τομαὶ ἀντικείμεναι opposite sections, i.e. branches of hyperbola, Apollon.Perg.Con.2.15; συζυγεῖς τ. conjugate sections of hyperbolas, ib.17.
    3 incision or insection between parts of an insect's body (whence their name of ἔντομα), Arist.PA 682b25.
    4 ἡ εἰς ἄπειρον τ. infinite divisibility, Epicur.Ep.1p.16U.
    II cutting, cleaving, ἐν τομᾷ σιδάρου by stroke of iron, S.Tr. 887 (lyr.);

    πελέκεως τ. E.El. 160

     (lyr.);

    φασγάνου τομαί Id.Or. 1101

    ; cutting off or down,

    ξύλου S.Tr. 700

    ; vine-cutting, PCair.Zen. 736.29 (iii B.C.); cutting up,

    εἰς τ. καὶ προσαγωγὴν χάλικος PPetr.3p.290

     (iii B.C.); hewing,

    λίθων IG12.336.7

    , 11, SIG244 ii 58 (Delph., iv B.C.), IG42(1).106i19, al. (Epid., iv B.C.).
    2 use of the knife in surgery, Hp.VC13;

    ἢ καύσει ἢ τομῇ χρησάμενος Pl.R. 406d

    ;

    οὔτε τ. οὔτε καῦσις Hp.Art.62

    ;

    σιδήρου τ. Sor.1.80

    : pl., Pi.P.3.53, E.Fr.403.6;

    τὰς θεραπείας.. διὰ καύσεών τε καὶ τομῶν Pl.Prt. 354a

    , cf. Ti. 65b.
    3 castration, Luc. Philops.2.
    4 τ. φαρμάκων shredding of drugs, Conon 23.2.
    5 pruning,

    ἀμπέλων Thphr.CP3.14.2

    , Paus.2.38.3.
    6 σκυτῶν τ. cutting or shaping of leather, Pl.Chrm. 173d.
    7 αἱ τ. τῆς γῆς, i.e. canals, Lib. Or.18.232.
    III severance, separation,

    τ. καὶ διάκρισις Pl.Ti. 61d

    , cf. 80e; of number, division, Id.Lg. 738a; τομὴν ἔχειν ἔν τινι to admit a distinction in.., ib. 944b; χρονικαὶ τ. distinctions of tenses, A.D.Synt.10.18; process of division (sc. μεγέθους), Nicom. Ar.1.2.
    2 logical division, Pl.Plt. 261a, Arist.APo. 95b30, Metaph. 1038a28, Gal.10.899.
    3 metaph., conciseness or precision in expression, Eun.VSp.461B.
    4 τ. πράγματος, = decisio, Gloss.
    IV a cut, wound, Arist.HA 632a18, Aen.Tact.11.14: metaph., wound,

    πόλις δεδεγμένη τ. Plu.Cor.16

    , cf. Per.11.
    2 caesura in verse, Aristid.Quint.1.24; more generally, break between successive words, Hermog.Id.2.10, Heph.15.2, al., Eust.740.1.
    V edge, cutting power,

    σιδήρου Arr.Tact.12.2

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τομή

  • 3 βδέλυγμα

    βδέλυγμα, ατος, τό (βδελυρός ‘disgusting’; Aesop, Fab. 452 P. τοσοῦτον βδέλυγμα, τοσοῦτον μίασμα; oft. LXX; TestReub 3:12; JosAs; Suda—βδελυγμία as early as Cratinus: Phryn., Praep. Soph. p. 54, 4 Borries [1911]; X., Mem. 3, 11, 13) gener. someth. that causes revulsion or extreme disgust, a ‘loathsome, detestable thing’, in our lit. in ref. to what is detested by God.
    ① someth. disgusting that arouses wrath, loathsome thing B 2:5 (Is 1:13) =‘I loathe incense’. β. ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ detestable in the sight of God (cp. Pr 11:1) Lk 16:15.—As in the OT (e.g. Dt 29:16; 3 Km 11:6, 33; 4 Km 23:13; 2 Ch 28:3) of everything connected w. polytheistic cult: (w. ἀκάθαρτα; cp. Pr 17:15) Rv 17:4f. ποιεῖν β. καὶ ψεῦδος practice someth. foul or false 21:27 (cp. REB).
    ② someth. that is totally defiling, abomination, pollutant the phrase τὸ β. τῆς ἐρημώσεως appears to refer to someth. that is abhorred because it defiles a sacred place and causes it to be left desolate Mt 24:15; Mk 13:14 (τὸ β. ἑστηκότα is a ‘constructio ad sensum’, as Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 48 §205 τὸ γύναιον … φέρουσα) is taken fr. Da (9:27; 11:31; 12:11), whence 1 Macc (1:54) had also taken it; β. τ. ἐρ. (cp. the similar gen. β. ἀνομίας Sir 49:2) is prob. the desolating sacrilege (NRSV) of the holy place; some interpret it as denoting the Antichrist.—GHölscher, ThBl 12, ’33, 193ff; ELohmeyer, Mk 275ff; Dodd 23 and JRS 37, ’47, 47ff; FBusch, Z. Verständnis d. synopt. Eschatologie: Mk 13 neu untersucht ’38; WKümmel, Verheissung2 ’53; RPesch, Naherwartungen: Tradition u. Redaktion in Mk 13 (diss. Freiburg im Br.) ’68; GBeasley-Murray, A Commentary on Mk 13, ’57, 59–72. For Mk 13 see also s.v. σημεῖον.—DDD 4f. DELG s.v. βδελυρός. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > βδέλυγμα

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