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experientia

  • 41 expérience

    f. (lat. experientia) 1. експеримент, опит; 2. опитност, практика, знание, рутина; 3. опитване; проба; homme d'expérience опитен човек.

    Dictionnaire français-bulgare > expérience

  • 42 Знание

    - cognitio; scientia; disciplina; experientia; mathesis; notitia, scientiarum summa, cognoscibilia universa, cuncta scibilia; ingenium (amor ingenii neminem umquam divitem fecit);

    • со знанием дела - ex professo;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Знание

  • 43 Испытание

    - examen; examinatio; proba; exploratio; temptatio (perseverantiae); tentatio; experientia; experimentum;

    • провести испытания (экзамены) успехов учеников за год - examinare sub finem anni studiosos, quem in litteris progressum fecerint; explorare; perscrutari;

    • испытание своей совести - in semet ipsum inquisitio; actionum suarum recognitio;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Испытание

  • 44 Испытанный

    - probus; probatus; vetus (imperator); expertus; experimento probatus / exploratus; experientia cognitus;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Испытанный

  • 45 Испытать,

    испытывать - tentare (temptare) (scientiam alicujus; Babylonios numeros); attentare; experiri; examinare; spectare; accipere; pati; probare; tangere (tales curas); scire (hostes id scient); exsequi (aerumnam, egestatem); torquere (aliquem mero); periculum alicujus rei facere; experientia aliquid cognoscere;

    • испытать на себе превратности судьбы - maleficam naturam nancisci; habere (odium in aliquem; amorem erga aliquem; fidem alicui; spem alicujus rei);

    • испытать свою совесть - examen conscientiae facere; se ipsum discutere; explorare intimos animi sui recessus;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Испытать,

  • 46 Навязывать

    - obtrudere; intrudere; impingere; ingerere; praeligare; illigare; imponere;

    • испытывая недоверие к пустым и ложным умозрениям, которые навязывают учёному миру без какого-либо предварительного опыта иные теоретики, злоупотребляющие своим досугом - vanas ac falsas speculationes, quas theoretici quidam otio suo abusi, nulla experientia praevia, orbi litterario obtrudunt, exosi;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Навязывать

  • 47 Опытность

    - usus (rei militaris, in re militari; usus est magister optimus); experientia; prudentia; exercitatio;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Опытность

  • 48 Попытка

    - conamen; conatus; tentamen(tum); temptatio; experientia; periculum;

    • ничего у тебя не получается, ничего ты не достигаешь, и всё же не прекращаешь попыток - nihil agis, nihil assequeris, neque tamen conari desistis;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Попытка

  • 49 ARS (ART)

    - искусство, мастерство, умение. Августин предлагает другое происхождение ars. Он полагает, что «добродетель есть искусство жить хорошо и справедливо. Поэтому от греческого это значит добродетель, латиняне, как полагают, заимствовали термин ars, artis, искусство» (Августин. О Граде Божием. Т. 2. С. 208). Искусство - знание, совокупно обозначавшееся как «семь свободных искусств», что включало тривий (грамматика, риторика, диалектика) и квадривий (арифметика, геометрия, астрономия, музыка), рассматривавшееся под углом зрения идеи сотворения мира из ничего ловкими умелыми руками и словами Бога Творца, передавшего в силу акта творения творческую способность и человеку. По Гуго Сен-Викторскому, «есть три вида творений: творение Бога, творение природы и творение мастера, подражающее природе». Этот «мастер создает свое творение, разделяя соединенное или соединяя разделенное», т. е. выполняя философскую работу. Отличие человеческого творения от Божественного состоит в качестве усилий, затрачиваемых на него. Бог сказал и сделал, «труды человеческие представляются долгими и тяжкими. Можно ради примера кратко разъяснить это. Кто статую отлил, долго человека изучал, кто дом построил, гору наблюдал... человеческий разум тем и славен, что проявил изобретательность... Таким образом было открыто все, что тебе нынче известно из лучших творений человеческих. Так возникли рисование, ткачество, литейное дело, скульптура и бесконечное число других искусств, вызывающих восхищение мастерством человека» (см.: Гуго Сен-Викторский. Семь книг назидательного обучения, или Дидаскаликон. Т. 1. С. 306 наст. изд.). В идею искусства включалась идея делания, физического усилия, предполагавшая не просто свободное парение ума, но тяжелый труд, который в то же время оказывался священнодействием. Тертуллиан отличал сотворение человека от прочих творений как создание рукотворное, где особенно заметно физическое усилие. Григорий Нисский это усилие сравнивает с механическим, передающим энергию человеку, который сравнивается со статуей. С подобным пониманием искусства связана и идея ремесла (artificio), именование ремесленника (artifex), как и Бога, мастером, а вещи, представленной на соискание звания мастера, - шедевром. Петр Абеляр знание называет ars, scientia, disciplina, обнаруживая переходность от знания как искусства к дисциплинарному знанию. По Фоме Аквинскому, искусство - «истинное основание любой сделанной работы, истинное основание вещей, которые надлежит сделать. От искусств происходят формы вещей, которые живут в душах художников, мастеров. Противопоставленные добродетелям, или силам, искусства являются сотворенными или созданными на основе опыта (experientia, peritia), следовательно, они возможны без знания, присущи мастерству, хотя и подразумевают знание» (Thomas Aquinas. Sum. theol., I a, 2 ae, q. 57, I at. 3 concl.). В другом месте Фома пишет, что логика есть искусство искусств. «Поскольку искусство кажется не чем иным, как определенным посвящением разума, с помощью которого человеческие действия развиваются в направлении нужного результата. Но разум может управлять не только действиями субъект-субстанции, но и своими собственными действиями... В этом и состоит искусство логики как рациональной науки. Она рациональна не только потому, что присуща разуму, но и потому, что едина для всех искусств. Она представляется искусством искусств именно потому, что направляет нас в действиях нашего разума, от которого проистекают все искусства» (Thomas Aqunas. In lib. I An. Post. lect. 1). Искусство как таковое было противопоставлено механическому искусству. В IX в. Храбан Мавр ограничил «механические искусства» созданием металлических, деревянных и каменных изделий, которые он помещает в группу квадривия вместе с медициной. В XI в. Рудольф Арденский разделил механические искусства на семь отделов: все, относящееся к удовлетворению жизненных потребностей (сельское хозяйство, рыбная ловля, охота), ткачество, архитектура, литье, медицина, торговля, военное дело, вспомогательные средства (рабочие инструменты, средства передвижения). Сопоставляя свободные искусства с механическими, Гуго Сен-Викторский пишет, что первые названы свободными либо потому, что «обращены к вольным ищущим душам, способным проникать в причины вещей, либо потому, что издревле лишь свободные благородные люди изучали их, а плебеи, дети неблагородных родителей, занимались, благодаря своему опыту, механическими искусствами», которые определяются как подражательные, «поскольку осуществляются трудом мастера, заимствующего формы у природы» (Гуго Сен-Викторский. Семь книг назидательного обучения, или Дидаскаликон. Т. 1. С. 321 наст. изд.). Двойственное деление искусств вело к пониманию свободных искусств как «божественного» умения, а механических - как умения «дьявольского». Гуго производил термин «механические искусства» не от греч. mechane, mechanicos - машина, машинный, а от греч. moichos (лат. moechus), т. е. adulter - фальшивый, нечестный, притворный, любодейный. Ср. DISCIPLINA, FACTIO, NATURA, QUADRIVIUM, SCIENTIA, TRIVIUM.

    Латинский словарь средневековых философских терминов > ARS (ART)

  • 50 EXPERIMENTUM (EXPERIENCE, EXPERIMENT)

    опыт, синоним EXPERIENTIA; складывается из собрания многих единичностей, осмысленных и сохраняемых памятью; на них основывается деятельность рассудка. Ср. SCIENTIA EXPERIMENTALIS.

    Латинский словарь средневековых философских терминов > EXPERIMENTUM (EXPERIENCE, EXPERIMENT)

  • 51 Опыт

     ♦ ( ENG experience)
     (от лат. experientia - испытание, проверка)
       состояние бытия, подверженное сознательному воздействию, или осознание содержания жизни индивидом, группой или обществом.

    Westminster dictionary of theological terms > Опыт

  • 52 ante

    antĕ (old form anti, whence antidea, antideo, antidhac; v. antea, anteeo, and antehac) [Gr. anti, over against, facing, anta, antên; Sanscr. anti = over against; Germ. ant- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an answer, anda-nahti, the night before], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. Victor. p. 1953, as prep. with the grave accent; as adv. with the acute on the last syl.).
    I.
    Prep. with acc., before (syn.: prae, pro).
    A.
    In space, or trop. in regard to estimation, judgment, or rank (usu. only of objects at rest. while prae is used of those in motion; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions infra).
    1.
    In space:

    quem ante aedīs video,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

    ante ostium Me audivit stare,

    Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5:

    Ornatas paulo ante fores,

    Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26:

    ante meum limen,

    Juv. 11, 190:

    ante suum fundum,

    Cic. Mil. 10:

    ut ante suos hortulos postridie piscarentur,

    id. Off. 3, 14, 58:

    ante sepulcrales infelix adstitit aras,

    Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268:

    ante altaria,

    id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24. —Of persons:

    ante hosce deos erant arulae,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3:

    quīs ante ora patrum contigit oppetere,

    Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477:

    ipsius unam (navem) ante oculos pontus in puppim ferit,

    id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773:

    ante se statuit funditores,

    Liv. 42, 58:

    Flos Asiae ante ipsum,

    Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2:

    si luditur alea pernox Ante Numantinos,

    Juv. 8, 11.— Trop.:

    ante oculos collocata,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192:

    ante oculos errat domus,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: [p. 128] causam ante eum diceret, before him as judge, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9:

    donec stet ante judicium,

    Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.—And in eccl. Lat., after the Heb. and Hel. Gr., before, in the sight of, in the judgment of:

    ante Dominum vilior fiam,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.:

    non te justifices ante Deum,

    ib. Eccli. 7, 5:

    justi ambo ante Deum,

    ib. Luc. 1, 6;

    and fully: fecit Asa rectum ante conspectum Domini,

    ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.—Hence, homines ante pedes (in later Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators upon Juv. 7, 143.—With verbs of motion:

    ante me ito,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70:

    equitatum omnem ante se mittit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    ante ceteras cohortes extra aciem procurrere,

    id. B. C. 1, 55:

    praecurrit ante omnes,

    id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.—
    2.
    Trop. of preference in judgment, or regulations in respect to rank, before (this is properly the signification of prae, q. v.; hence more rare than that, and never used by Cic.): quem ante me diligo, before myself, more than myself, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.—So ante aliquem esse, to surpass, excel any one:

    facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse,

    Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz:

    tum me vero et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse,

    superior to, Liv. 35, 14:

    necessitas ante rationem est,

    necessity knows no law, Curt. 7, 7, 10.—Hence very freq. (but mostly poet. and post-class.),
    a.
    Ante alios, ante omnes, ante ceteros, etc., before others, before all, etc., to designate a comparative relation;

    also sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, with comparatives and superlatives: tibi, Neptune, ante alios deos gratias ago,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120:

    scito illum ante omnīs minumi mortalem preti,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8:

    tua ante omnes experientia,

    Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9:

    Junoni ante omnīs candentis vaccae media inter cornua (pateram) fundit,

    Verg. A. 4, 59:

    Ipse est ante omnes,

    Vulg. Col. 1, 17:

    O felix una ante alias Priameïa virgo,

    Verg. A. 3, 321:

    ante omnes furor est insignis equarum,

    id. G. 3, 266:

    scelere ante alios immanior omnīs,

    id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42:

    ante alios pulcherrimus omnīs Turnus,

    Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.—
    b.
    Ante omnia.
    (α).
    Before all things, first of all:

    alvus ante omnia ducitur,

    Cels. 7, 30:

    oportet autem ante omnia os nudare,

    id. 8, 2:

    Ante omnia instituit, ut etc.,

    Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21:

    Ante omnia autem, fratres, etc.,

    Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.—
    (β).
    Comparatively, above all, especially, chiefty:

    publica maestitia eo ante omnia insignis, quia matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt,

    Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4:

    quae natura multis et ante omnia ursis,

    Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125:

    dulces ante omnia Musae,

    the Muses pleasing above all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72:

    deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum,

    Juv. 10, 191.—
    (γ).
    In entering upon the discussion of several particulars, or in adducing arguments, first of all, in the first place (similar to ac primum quidem, kai prôton men oun; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4):

    ante omnia quid sit rhetorice,

    Quint. 2, 15, 1:

    ante omnia igitur imitatio per se ipsa non sufficit,

    id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.—
    B.
    Of time.
    1.
    Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf.

    Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: ante lucem a portu me praemisisti domum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22:

    ante diem caupo sciet,

    Juv. 9, 108:

    ante brumam,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28:

    ante noctem,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 51:

    pereundum erit ante lucernas,

    Juv. 10, 339:

    ante haec omnia,

    Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.— The designation of time is often expressed paraphrastically.
    a.
    By a person who lived at the time:

    jam ante Socratem,

    before the time of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44:

    qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini,

    before me, before my time, id. Cat. 4, 3:

    ante Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni,

    Verg. G. 1, 125:

    vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 25:

    ante Helenam,

    id. S. 1, 3, 107:

    ante se,

    Tac. H. 1, 50:

    quod ante eum nemo,

    Suet. Caes. 26 al. —
    b.
    By other objects pertaining to a particular time: ante hoc factum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64:

    ante has meas litteras,

    i. e. before the receipt of this letter, Cic. Fam. 13, 17:

    per hunc castissimum ante regiam injuriam sanguinem juro,

    Liv. 1, 59:

    ante mare et terras, et quod tegit omnia, caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 5:

    ante sidus fervidum,

    Hor. Epod. 1, 27:

    ante cibum,

    id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428:

    Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta,

    before their A B C, id. 14, 209:

    cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus?

    Verg. A. 11, 424:

    Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec ante tubas,

    Juv. 1, 169.—Also by the designation of the office of a person:

    ante aedilitatem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 17:

    ante sceptrum Dictaei regis,

    Verg. G. 2, 536:

    ante imperium ducis,

    Flor. 4, 2, 66:

    relictis multis filiis et in regno et ante regnum susceptis,

    Just. 2, 10.—And by the designation of office in app. to the person:

    mortuus est ante istum praetorem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115:

    docuerant fabulas ante hos consules,

    id. Brut. 18, 73:

    cum ante illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur,

    Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3:

    quos ante se imperatorem nemo ausus sit aspicere,

    id. Epam. 8, 3.—A part. perf. or fut. pass. is freq. added to such substantives for the sake of explanation:

    ante hanc urbem conditam,

    before the founding of this city, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. post urbem conditam):

    non multo ante urbem captam,

    id. Div. 1, 45:

    ante Epaminondam natum,

    Nep. Epam. 10, 4:

    ante te cognitum multis orantibus opem tuli,

    Sall. J. 110, 2:

    ante decemviros creatos,

    Liv. 3, 53 al. —
    2.
    Hence particular phrases.
    a.
    Ante tempus,
    (α).
    Before the right time:

    ante tempus excitatis suis,

    Liv. 31, 36.—
    (β).
    Before the appointed, proper, or lawful time:

    factus est consul bis, primum ante tempus,

    Cic. Lael. 3:

    honores et ante tempus et quosdam novi generis cepit,

    Suet. Aug. 26:

    venisti ante tempus torquere nos?

    Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. annus, II. D.).—
    b.
    Ante diem, poet.,
    (α).
    Before the time:

    Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 184:

    ante diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales,

    Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.—
    (β).
    Before the time destined by fate:

    filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos,

    Ov. M. 1, 148:

    hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras,

    id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739:

    sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, etc.,

    Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: ei de tou chronou prosthen thanoumai). —
    c.
    Ante hunc diem, with a negative:

    istunc hominem numquam audivi ante hunc diem,

    never before this day, never until now, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7:

    neque umquam ante hunc diem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23:

    Novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. Tubero detulit,

    Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: neque eum ante usquam conspexi prius). —
    3.
    Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number gives the date, not of the foregoing, but of the present day; e. g. ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the fifth day before the calends of April. Orig. the ante belonged to Kalendas, and they said either, ante die quinto Kalendas (i. e. die quinto ante Kalendas), or ante diem quintum Kalendas; the latter phraseology became the prevailing one, and ante diem, being considered as one word, the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me ante diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the thirteenth before the calends of January, i. e. the 20 th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: ante diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21 st of Oct.: ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ante diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24 th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. (ante diem quartum Idus Martias), i. e. the 12 th of March, Liv. 40, 59: ante diem III. Non. Jan. M. Cicero natus est, i. e. on the 3 d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.:

    in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3:

    ex ante diem VII. Id. Febr.,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex ante diem Non. Jun. usque ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3 d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17:

    supplicatio indicta est ante diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo die in quinque dies,

    Liv. 45, 2, 12.—
    4.
    Sometimes to designate the whole time until the passing moment:

    ante id tempus et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii,

    Nep. Arist. 2, 3:

    qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit,

    id. Timoth. 2, 3:

    invictus ante eam diem fuerat,

    Curt. 5, 3, 22.—
    5.
    Ante annos, before the destined time:

    Ante suos annos occidit,

    Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46:

    Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem,

    beyond his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.:

    suos annos praeterire,

    Sil. 4, 428; and:

    annos transcendere factis,

    id. 2, 348). —
    6.
    Ante hoc, for antea, antehac, belongs to the later Latin:

    ante hoc incognita,

    Luc. 6, 116:

    ante hoc domūs pars videntur,

    Tac. G. 13.
    II.
    Adv., of space and time (the latter most freq.).
    A.
    Of space, before, in front, forwards: post me erat Aegina, ante Megara, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9:

    fluvius ab tergo, ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat,

    Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5:

    coronatus stabit et ante calix,

    Tib. 2, 5, 98:

    plena oculis et ante et retro,

    Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.—Of motion (cf. supra, I. A. 1.):

    si aut manibus ingrediatur quis aut non ante, sed retro,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35:

    pallida Tisiphone morbos agit ante metumque,

    Verg. G. 3, 552.—
    B.
    1.. Of time, before, previously (always in reference to another past time, while ante as prep. is used in reference to the present).
    a.
    With verbs:

    nonne oportuit Praescīsse me ante,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 4:

    id te oro, ut ante eamus,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 24;

    very freq. in Cic.: quod utinam illi ante accidisset,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 14:

    quae ante acta sunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 109:

    sicut ante fecimus,

    Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20:

    fructus omnis ante actae vitae,

    Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16:

    apud vos ante feci mentionem,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 4:

    faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis ante factum,

    id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320:

    illud de quo ante dixi,

    Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116:

    quos ante dixi,

    id. Off. 2, 14, 50:

    ut ante dixi,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45:

    quem ad modum ante dixi,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 91:

    additis, quae ante deliquerant,

    Tac. A. 6, 9:

    filium ante sublatum brevi amisit,

    id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.—And often accomp. by jam:

    acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.—Rarely accomp. by saepe.:

    ut saepe ante fecerant,

    Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.—
    b.
    Rarely with adjj.:

    non filius ante pudicus,

    Juv. 3, 111:

    quos acciverat, incertum, experiens an et ante gnavos,

    Tac. A. 14, 7.—
    c.
    Often with substt. in the abl. or acc. for a more accurate designation of time (cf. also abhinc with the abl. and acc.; in these cases ante was considered by the ancient critics as a prep., which could also govern the abl.; cf. Charis. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The position of ante is sometimes before and sometimes after the subst., and sometimes between the numeral and the subst.):

    illos septem et multis ante saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:

    etsi perpaucis ante diebus (i. e. before the departure of Theophilus, of whom mention is afterwards made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te,

    id. Fam. 4, 9:

    paucis diebus ante,

    id. Phil. 2, 40:

    viginti annis ante,

    id. Lael. 12, 42:

    voverat eam annis undecim ante,

    Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51:

    quae bello Ligustico ante annis octo vovisset): optimum erit ante annum scrobes facere,

    a year before, Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7:

    Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt,

    a year before the fall of Troy, Just. 18, 3, 5:

    ante quadriennium amissus es,

    four years previously, Tac. Agr. 45:

    aliquot ante annos,

    Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.—
    d.
    With the advv. multo, paulo, aliquanto, tanto, quanto, and rarely permultum:

    multo ante prospexi tempestatem futuram,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    haud multo ante adventum,

    Tac. Agr. 18.—And in the order ante multo:

    ante multo a te didicerimus,

    Cic. Sen. 2, 6:

    Venisti paulo ante in senatum,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30;

    6, 29 et saep.—And in the order ante paulo: quae ante paulo perbreviter attigi,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

    profectus est aliquanto ante furorem Catilinae,

    id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.—And in the order ante aliquanto: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, Cic. Fam. [p. 129] 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46:

    tanto ante praedixeras,

    id. Phil. 2, 33:

    quod si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28:

    quanto ante providerit,

    Cic. Sest. 8:

    permultum ante certior factus eram litteris,

    id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.—
    2.
    Followed by quam (written also as one word, antequam; the form prius quam was more freq. in archaic Latin), sooner than; before.
    a.
    With ind. pres.:

    ante quam doceo id factum non esse, libet mihi,

    Cic. Quinct. 48:

    ante quam ad sententiam redeo, de me pauca dicam,

    id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.—
    b.
    With ind. perf.:

    memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum disserere,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

    anno ipso ante quam natus est Ennius,

    id. Brut. 18, 72:

    ante aliquanto quam tu natus es,

    id. Fam. 10, 3:

    neque ante dimisit eum quam fidem dedit,

    Liv. 39, 10:

    ante quam ille est factus inimicus,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 9.—
    c.
    Rarely with fut. perf.:

    ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 24:

    neque defatigabor ante quam... percepero,

    id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—
    d.
    With subj. pres.:

    ante quam veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 53:

    hac lege ante omnia veniunt, quam gleba una ematur,

    id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.—
    e.
    With subj. imperf.:

    Romae et ad urbem, ante quam proficisceretur, quaerere coepit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 167:

    qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium,

    id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.—
    f.
    With subj. perf.:

    ante vero quam sit ea res adlata, laetitiā frui satis est,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 1:

    domesticum malum opprimit ante quam prospicere potueris,

    id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40:

    nec ante vincere desierint quam Rubro mari inclusis quod vincerent defuerit,

    Liv. 42, 52:

    nec ante (barbam capillumque) dempserit quam vindicāsset,

    Suet. Caes. 67.—
    g.
    With subj. pluperf.:

    se ante quam eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71:

    qui ante quam de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi,

    Cic. Planc. 98:

    ut consul ante fieret, quam ullum alium magistratum capere licuisset,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.—
    h.
    With inf.:

    dici vix potest quam multa sint quae respondeatis ante fieri oportere, quam ad hanc rationem devenire,

    Cic. Quinct. 54.—
    i.
    With part.:

    armati nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt,

    Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the use of these different constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.;

    and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621). —In the poets sometimes with quam before ante: Respice item quam nil ad nos anteacta vetustas Temporis aeterni fuerit, quam nascimur ante,

    Lucr. 3, 972:

    Non ego signatis quicquam mandare tabellis, Ne legat id nemo quam meus ante, velim,

    Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.—Also in the poets sometimes pleon. ante—prius—quam:

    sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat Ante, pudor, quam te violo aut tua jura resolvo,

    Verg. A. 4, 24; so,

    prius—quam— ante: Aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima quam metam triverit ante rota?

    Prop. 3, 20, 25.—
    3.
    For the designation of order, foll. by tum, deinde, etc., first, in the first place (only in later Lat. for the class. primum):

    ut ante caput, deinde reliqua pars auferatur,

    Cels. 7, 29:

    et ante dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc.,

    id. 5, 26:

    ante tonderi... deinde... tum, etc.,

    id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.—
    4.
    Very rarely used as adj. (in imitation of the Greek):

    neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum,

    earlier, previous ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. tôn paros kakôn, Soph. O. T. 1423):

    ille elegit, qui recipit ante meliorem,

    Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this use of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).
    III.
    In composition.
    A.
    Of space, before, in front of, forwards: antepono, antefigo, antefero, antemitto.—
    B.
    Fig. of preference, before, above: antepono.—
    C.
    Of degree, before, above, more: antepotens, antepollens—
    D.
    In designations of time only with adjj. and advv.: antelucanus, antemeridianus, antehac, antelucio.With verbs, ante is more correctly written separately: ante actus, ante factus, ante gestus, ante paro, etc., although editions differ in this respect. V. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ante

  • 53 anti

    antĕ (old form anti, whence antidea, antideo, antidhac; v. antea, anteeo, and antehac) [Gr. anti, over against, facing, anta, antên; Sanscr. anti = over against; Germ. ant- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an answer, anda-nahti, the night before], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. Victor. p. 1953, as prep. with the grave accent; as adv. with the acute on the last syl.).
    I.
    Prep. with acc., before (syn.: prae, pro).
    A.
    In space, or trop. in regard to estimation, judgment, or rank (usu. only of objects at rest. while prae is used of those in motion; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions infra).
    1.
    In space:

    quem ante aedīs video,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:

    ante ostium Me audivit stare,

    Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5:

    Ornatas paulo ante fores,

    Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26:

    ante meum limen,

    Juv. 11, 190:

    ante suum fundum,

    Cic. Mil. 10:

    ut ante suos hortulos postridie piscarentur,

    id. Off. 3, 14, 58:

    ante sepulcrales infelix adstitit aras,

    Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268:

    ante altaria,

    id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24. —Of persons:

    ante hosce deos erant arulae,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3:

    quīs ante ora patrum contigit oppetere,

    Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477:

    ipsius unam (navem) ante oculos pontus in puppim ferit,

    id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773:

    ante se statuit funditores,

    Liv. 42, 58:

    Flos Asiae ante ipsum,

    Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2:

    si luditur alea pernox Ante Numantinos,

    Juv. 8, 11.— Trop.:

    ante oculos collocata,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192:

    ante oculos errat domus,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: [p. 128] causam ante eum diceret, before him as judge, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9:

    donec stet ante judicium,

    Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.—And in eccl. Lat., after the Heb. and Hel. Gr., before, in the sight of, in the judgment of:

    ante Dominum vilior fiam,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.:

    non te justifices ante Deum,

    ib. Eccli. 7, 5:

    justi ambo ante Deum,

    ib. Luc. 1, 6;

    and fully: fecit Asa rectum ante conspectum Domini,

    ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.—Hence, homines ante pedes (in later Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators upon Juv. 7, 143.—With verbs of motion:

    ante me ito,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70:

    equitatum omnem ante se mittit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    ante ceteras cohortes extra aciem procurrere,

    id. B. C. 1, 55:

    praecurrit ante omnes,

    id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.—
    2.
    Trop. of preference in judgment, or regulations in respect to rank, before (this is properly the signification of prae, q. v.; hence more rare than that, and never used by Cic.): quem ante me diligo, before myself, more than myself, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.—So ante aliquem esse, to surpass, excel any one:

    facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse,

    Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz:

    tum me vero et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse,

    superior to, Liv. 35, 14:

    necessitas ante rationem est,

    necessity knows no law, Curt. 7, 7, 10.—Hence very freq. (but mostly poet. and post-class.),
    a.
    Ante alios, ante omnes, ante ceteros, etc., before others, before all, etc., to designate a comparative relation;

    also sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, with comparatives and superlatives: tibi, Neptune, ante alios deos gratias ago,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120:

    scito illum ante omnīs minumi mortalem preti,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8:

    tua ante omnes experientia,

    Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9:

    Junoni ante omnīs candentis vaccae media inter cornua (pateram) fundit,

    Verg. A. 4, 59:

    Ipse est ante omnes,

    Vulg. Col. 1, 17:

    O felix una ante alias Priameïa virgo,

    Verg. A. 3, 321:

    ante omnes furor est insignis equarum,

    id. G. 3, 266:

    scelere ante alios immanior omnīs,

    id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42:

    ante alios pulcherrimus omnīs Turnus,

    Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.—
    b.
    Ante omnia.
    (α).
    Before all things, first of all:

    alvus ante omnia ducitur,

    Cels. 7, 30:

    oportet autem ante omnia os nudare,

    id. 8, 2:

    Ante omnia instituit, ut etc.,

    Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21:

    Ante omnia autem, fratres, etc.,

    Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.—
    (β).
    Comparatively, above all, especially, chiefty:

    publica maestitia eo ante omnia insignis, quia matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt,

    Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4:

    quae natura multis et ante omnia ursis,

    Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125:

    dulces ante omnia Musae,

    the Muses pleasing above all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72:

    deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum,

    Juv. 10, 191.—
    (γ).
    In entering upon the discussion of several particulars, or in adducing arguments, first of all, in the first place (similar to ac primum quidem, kai prôton men oun; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4):

    ante omnia quid sit rhetorice,

    Quint. 2, 15, 1:

    ante omnia igitur imitatio per se ipsa non sufficit,

    id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.—
    B.
    Of time.
    1.
    Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf.

    Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: ante lucem a portu me praemisisti domum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22:

    ante diem caupo sciet,

    Juv. 9, 108:

    ante brumam,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28:

    ante noctem,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 51:

    pereundum erit ante lucernas,

    Juv. 10, 339:

    ante haec omnia,

    Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.— The designation of time is often expressed paraphrastically.
    a.
    By a person who lived at the time:

    jam ante Socratem,

    before the time of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44:

    qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini,

    before me, before my time, id. Cat. 4, 3:

    ante Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni,

    Verg. G. 1, 125:

    vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 25:

    ante Helenam,

    id. S. 1, 3, 107:

    ante se,

    Tac. H. 1, 50:

    quod ante eum nemo,

    Suet. Caes. 26 al. —
    b.
    By other objects pertaining to a particular time: ante hoc factum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64:

    ante has meas litteras,

    i. e. before the receipt of this letter, Cic. Fam. 13, 17:

    per hunc castissimum ante regiam injuriam sanguinem juro,

    Liv. 1, 59:

    ante mare et terras, et quod tegit omnia, caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 5:

    ante sidus fervidum,

    Hor. Epod. 1, 27:

    ante cibum,

    id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428:

    Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta,

    before their A B C, id. 14, 209:

    cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus?

    Verg. A. 11, 424:

    Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec ante tubas,

    Juv. 1, 169.—Also by the designation of the office of a person:

    ante aedilitatem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 17:

    ante sceptrum Dictaei regis,

    Verg. G. 2, 536:

    ante imperium ducis,

    Flor. 4, 2, 66:

    relictis multis filiis et in regno et ante regnum susceptis,

    Just. 2, 10.—And by the designation of office in app. to the person:

    mortuus est ante istum praetorem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115:

    docuerant fabulas ante hos consules,

    id. Brut. 18, 73:

    cum ante illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur,

    Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3:

    quos ante se imperatorem nemo ausus sit aspicere,

    id. Epam. 8, 3.—A part. perf. or fut. pass. is freq. added to such substantives for the sake of explanation:

    ante hanc urbem conditam,

    before the founding of this city, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. post urbem conditam):

    non multo ante urbem captam,

    id. Div. 1, 45:

    ante Epaminondam natum,

    Nep. Epam. 10, 4:

    ante te cognitum multis orantibus opem tuli,

    Sall. J. 110, 2:

    ante decemviros creatos,

    Liv. 3, 53 al. —
    2.
    Hence particular phrases.
    a.
    Ante tempus,
    (α).
    Before the right time:

    ante tempus excitatis suis,

    Liv. 31, 36.—
    (β).
    Before the appointed, proper, or lawful time:

    factus est consul bis, primum ante tempus,

    Cic. Lael. 3:

    honores et ante tempus et quosdam novi generis cepit,

    Suet. Aug. 26:

    venisti ante tempus torquere nos?

    Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. annus, II. D.).—
    b.
    Ante diem, poet.,
    (α).
    Before the time:

    Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 184:

    ante diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales,

    Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.—
    (β).
    Before the time destined by fate:

    filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos,

    Ov. M. 1, 148:

    hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras,

    id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739:

    sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, etc.,

    Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: ei de tou chronou prosthen thanoumai). —
    c.
    Ante hunc diem, with a negative:

    istunc hominem numquam audivi ante hunc diem,

    never before this day, never until now, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7:

    neque umquam ante hunc diem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23:

    Novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. Tubero detulit,

    Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: neque eum ante usquam conspexi prius). —
    3.
    Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number gives the date, not of the foregoing, but of the present day; e. g. ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the fifth day before the calends of April. Orig. the ante belonged to Kalendas, and they said either, ante die quinto Kalendas (i. e. die quinto ante Kalendas), or ante diem quintum Kalendas; the latter phraseology became the prevailing one, and ante diem, being considered as one word, the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me ante diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the thirteenth before the calends of January, i. e. the 20 th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: ante diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21 st of Oct.: ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ante diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24 th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. (ante diem quartum Idus Martias), i. e. the 12 th of March, Liv. 40, 59: ante diem III. Non. Jan. M. Cicero natus est, i. e. on the 3 d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.:

    in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3:

    ex ante diem VII. Id. Febr.,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex ante diem Non. Jun. usque ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3 d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17:

    supplicatio indicta est ante diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo die in quinque dies,

    Liv. 45, 2, 12.—
    4.
    Sometimes to designate the whole time until the passing moment:

    ante id tempus et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii,

    Nep. Arist. 2, 3:

    qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit,

    id. Timoth. 2, 3:

    invictus ante eam diem fuerat,

    Curt. 5, 3, 22.—
    5.
    Ante annos, before the destined time:

    Ante suos annos occidit,

    Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46:

    Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem,

    beyond his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.:

    suos annos praeterire,

    Sil. 4, 428; and:

    annos transcendere factis,

    id. 2, 348). —
    6.
    Ante hoc, for antea, antehac, belongs to the later Latin:

    ante hoc incognita,

    Luc. 6, 116:

    ante hoc domūs pars videntur,

    Tac. G. 13.
    II.
    Adv., of space and time (the latter most freq.).
    A.
    Of space, before, in front, forwards: post me erat Aegina, ante Megara, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9:

    fluvius ab tergo, ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat,

    Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5:

    coronatus stabit et ante calix,

    Tib. 2, 5, 98:

    plena oculis et ante et retro,

    Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.—Of motion (cf. supra, I. A. 1.):

    si aut manibus ingrediatur quis aut non ante, sed retro,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35:

    pallida Tisiphone morbos agit ante metumque,

    Verg. G. 3, 552.—
    B.
    1.. Of time, before, previously (always in reference to another past time, while ante as prep. is used in reference to the present).
    a.
    With verbs:

    nonne oportuit Praescīsse me ante,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 4:

    id te oro, ut ante eamus,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 24;

    very freq. in Cic.: quod utinam illi ante accidisset,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 14:

    quae ante acta sunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 109:

    sicut ante fecimus,

    Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20:

    fructus omnis ante actae vitae,

    Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16:

    apud vos ante feci mentionem,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 4:

    faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis ante factum,

    id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320:

    illud de quo ante dixi,

    Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116:

    quos ante dixi,

    id. Off. 2, 14, 50:

    ut ante dixi,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45:

    quem ad modum ante dixi,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 91:

    additis, quae ante deliquerant,

    Tac. A. 6, 9:

    filium ante sublatum brevi amisit,

    id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.—And often accomp. by jam:

    acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.—Rarely accomp. by saepe.:

    ut saepe ante fecerant,

    Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.—
    b.
    Rarely with adjj.:

    non filius ante pudicus,

    Juv. 3, 111:

    quos acciverat, incertum, experiens an et ante gnavos,

    Tac. A. 14, 7.—
    c.
    Often with substt. in the abl. or acc. for a more accurate designation of time (cf. also abhinc with the abl. and acc.; in these cases ante was considered by the ancient critics as a prep., which could also govern the abl.; cf. Charis. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The position of ante is sometimes before and sometimes after the subst., and sometimes between the numeral and the subst.):

    illos septem et multis ante saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:

    etsi perpaucis ante diebus (i. e. before the departure of Theophilus, of whom mention is afterwards made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te,

    id. Fam. 4, 9:

    paucis diebus ante,

    id. Phil. 2, 40:

    viginti annis ante,

    id. Lael. 12, 42:

    voverat eam annis undecim ante,

    Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51:

    quae bello Ligustico ante annis octo vovisset): optimum erit ante annum scrobes facere,

    a year before, Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7:

    Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt,

    a year before the fall of Troy, Just. 18, 3, 5:

    ante quadriennium amissus es,

    four years previously, Tac. Agr. 45:

    aliquot ante annos,

    Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.—
    d.
    With the advv. multo, paulo, aliquanto, tanto, quanto, and rarely permultum:

    multo ante prospexi tempestatem futuram,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    haud multo ante adventum,

    Tac. Agr. 18.—And in the order ante multo:

    ante multo a te didicerimus,

    Cic. Sen. 2, 6:

    Venisti paulo ante in senatum,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30;

    6, 29 et saep.—And in the order ante paulo: quae ante paulo perbreviter attigi,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

    profectus est aliquanto ante furorem Catilinae,

    id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.—And in the order ante aliquanto: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, Cic. Fam. [p. 129] 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46:

    tanto ante praedixeras,

    id. Phil. 2, 33:

    quod si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28:

    quanto ante providerit,

    Cic. Sest. 8:

    permultum ante certior factus eram litteris,

    id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.—
    2.
    Followed by quam (written also as one word, antequam; the form prius quam was more freq. in archaic Latin), sooner than; before.
    a.
    With ind. pres.:

    ante quam doceo id factum non esse, libet mihi,

    Cic. Quinct. 48:

    ante quam ad sententiam redeo, de me pauca dicam,

    id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.—
    b.
    With ind. perf.:

    memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum disserere,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

    anno ipso ante quam natus est Ennius,

    id. Brut. 18, 72:

    ante aliquanto quam tu natus es,

    id. Fam. 10, 3:

    neque ante dimisit eum quam fidem dedit,

    Liv. 39, 10:

    ante quam ille est factus inimicus,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 9.—
    c.
    Rarely with fut. perf.:

    ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 24:

    neque defatigabor ante quam... percepero,

    id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—
    d.
    With subj. pres.:

    ante quam veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 53:

    hac lege ante omnia veniunt, quam gleba una ematur,

    id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.—
    e.
    With subj. imperf.:

    Romae et ad urbem, ante quam proficisceretur, quaerere coepit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 167:

    qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium,

    id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.—
    f.
    With subj. perf.:

    ante vero quam sit ea res adlata, laetitiā frui satis est,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 1:

    domesticum malum opprimit ante quam prospicere potueris,

    id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40:

    nec ante vincere desierint quam Rubro mari inclusis quod vincerent defuerit,

    Liv. 42, 52:

    nec ante (barbam capillumque) dempserit quam vindicāsset,

    Suet. Caes. 67.—
    g.
    With subj. pluperf.:

    se ante quam eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71:

    qui ante quam de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi,

    Cic. Planc. 98:

    ut consul ante fieret, quam ullum alium magistratum capere licuisset,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.—
    h.
    With inf.:

    dici vix potest quam multa sint quae respondeatis ante fieri oportere, quam ad hanc rationem devenire,

    Cic. Quinct. 54.—
    i.
    With part.:

    armati nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt,

    Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the use of these different constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.;

    and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621). —In the poets sometimes with quam before ante: Respice item quam nil ad nos anteacta vetustas Temporis aeterni fuerit, quam nascimur ante,

    Lucr. 3, 972:

    Non ego signatis quicquam mandare tabellis, Ne legat id nemo quam meus ante, velim,

    Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.—Also in the poets sometimes pleon. ante—prius—quam:

    sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat Ante, pudor, quam te violo aut tua jura resolvo,

    Verg. A. 4, 24; so,

    prius—quam— ante: Aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima quam metam triverit ante rota?

    Prop. 3, 20, 25.—
    3.
    For the designation of order, foll. by tum, deinde, etc., first, in the first place (only in later Lat. for the class. primum):

    ut ante caput, deinde reliqua pars auferatur,

    Cels. 7, 29:

    et ante dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc.,

    id. 5, 26:

    ante tonderi... deinde... tum, etc.,

    id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.—
    4.
    Very rarely used as adj. (in imitation of the Greek):

    neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum,

    earlier, previous ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. tôn paros kakôn, Soph. O. T. 1423):

    ille elegit, qui recipit ante meliorem,

    Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this use of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).
    III.
    In composition.
    A.
    Of space, before, in front of, forwards: antepono, antefigo, antefero, antemitto.—
    B.
    Fig. of preference, before, above: antepono.—
    C.
    Of degree, before, above, more: antepotens, antepollens—
    D.
    In designations of time only with adjj. and advv.: antelucanus, antemeridianus, antehac, antelucio.With verbs, ante is more correctly written separately: ante actus, ante factus, ante gestus, ante paro, etc., although editions differ in this respect. V. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > anti

  • 54 experimentum

    expĕrīmentum, i, n. [id.], a proof, test, trial, experiment (mostly post-Aug.; cf.: documentum periculum): nimirum hoc maximum est experimentum, cum constet aegritudinem vetustate tolli, etc., * Cic. Tusc. 3, 30, 74:

    Metello experimentis cognitum erat, genus Numidarum infidum esse,

    Sall. J. 46, 3; cf. Tac. A. 13, 24:

    lenitatis,

    id. ib. 15, 24:

    virtutis,

    Vell. 2, 116, 1; Just. 15, 3, 1:

    in omnibus fere minus valent praecepta quam experimenta,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    medici experimenta per mortis agunt,

    Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 18; 13, 2, 3, § 19:

    experimento probare,

    Vulg. Esth. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Experience (post-Aug.; cf.

    experientia): experimento meo ac natura ipsa duce,

    Quint. 6, 2, 25:

    longo experimento testata gloria,

    Val. Max. 3, 7, 6 fin.:

    Africa contenta qualicumque principe post experimentum domini minoris,

    Tac. H. 1, 11:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    the event, result, id. A. 2, 97 fin.—Plur.:

    haec autem cognosci experimentis,

    Cels. 1 prooem. pp. 9, 10 Milligan:

    Trebellius segnior et nullis castrorum experimentis provinciam tenuit,

    Tac. Agr. 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > experimentum

  • 55 impiger

    impĭger ( inp-), gra, grum, adj. [2. inpiger], not indolent, diligent, active, quick, unwearied, indefatigable, energetic (class.; cf.:

    laboriosus, navus, industrius): se praebebat patientem atque impigrum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27:

    in scribendo,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    vir ad labores belli,

    id. Font. 15, 33: ceciditque in strage suorum, Impiger ad letum, Luc. 4, 798:

    impiger manu,

    Tac. A. 3, 20:

    mercator,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

    Appulus,

    id. C. 3, 16, 26:

    Hercules,

    id. ib. 4, 8, 30:

    impiger, iracundus, inexorabilis, acer,

    id. A. P. 121:

    equus,

    Lucr. 5, 883; Hor. C. 4, 3, 4:

    Jugurtha ut erat impigro atque acri ingenio,

    Sall. J. 7, 4:

    impigrae mentis experientia,

    Lucr. 5, 1452: impigrae linguae, ignavi animi, Sall. Or. Licin. ad Pleb. med.:

    militia,

    Liv. 3, 5, 15.— With a partitive gen.:

    impiger fluminum Rhodanus,

    i. e. the swiftest, Flor. 3, 2, 4.— With a respective gen.:

    Quirinus impiger militiae,

    Tac. A. 3, 48.—With inf.:

    impiger hostium vexare turmas,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 22; Claud. in Ruf. 1, 240. — Adv.: impĭgrē, actively, quickly, readily:

    ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; cf. id. ib. 19:

    Marius impigre prudenterque suorum et hostium res pariter attendere,

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    impigre se movere,

    Liv. 1, 10, 3:

    consulem impigre milites secuti sunt,

    id. 2, 47, 2:

    impigre promissum auxilium,

    id. 3, 8, 4.— Comp. and sup. in the adj. and adv. seem not to occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > impiger

  • 56 inexperientia

    ĭn-expĕrĭentĭa, ae, f., inexperience (late Lat.), Tert. Anim. 20.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inexperientia

  • 57 inpiger

    impĭger ( inp-), gra, grum, adj. [2. inpiger], not indolent, diligent, active, quick, unwearied, indefatigable, energetic (class.; cf.:

    laboriosus, navus, industrius): se praebebat patientem atque impigrum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27:

    in scribendo,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    vir ad labores belli,

    id. Font. 15, 33: ceciditque in strage suorum, Impiger ad letum, Luc. 4, 798:

    impiger manu,

    Tac. A. 3, 20:

    mercator,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

    Appulus,

    id. C. 3, 16, 26:

    Hercules,

    id. ib. 4, 8, 30:

    impiger, iracundus, inexorabilis, acer,

    id. A. P. 121:

    equus,

    Lucr. 5, 883; Hor. C. 4, 3, 4:

    Jugurtha ut erat impigro atque acri ingenio,

    Sall. J. 7, 4:

    impigrae mentis experientia,

    Lucr. 5, 1452: impigrae linguae, ignavi animi, Sall. Or. Licin. ad Pleb. med.:

    militia,

    Liv. 3, 5, 15.— With a partitive gen.:

    impiger fluminum Rhodanus,

    i. e. the swiftest, Flor. 3, 2, 4.— With a respective gen.:

    Quirinus impiger militiae,

    Tac. A. 3, 48.—With inf.:

    impiger hostium vexare turmas,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 22; Claud. in Ruf. 1, 240. — Adv.: impĭgrē, actively, quickly, readily:

    ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; cf. id. ib. 19:

    Marius impigre prudenterque suorum et hostium res pariter attendere,

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    impigre se movere,

    Liv. 1, 10, 3:

    consulem impigre milites secuti sunt,

    id. 2, 47, 2:

    impigre promissum auxilium,

    id. 3, 8, 4.— Comp. and sup. in the adj. and adv. seem not to occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inpiger

  • 58 usus

    1.
    ūsus, a, um, Part. of utor.
    2.
    ūsus, ūs, m. [utor], the use or using of any thing, in the widest sense (cf.: consuetudo, mos).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    The use, employment, exercise of any thing; with gen. obj.:

    virtus in usu sui tota posita est: usus autem ejus est maximus civitatis gubernatio,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

    cetera, ad virtutis usum idonea,

    id. Ac. 1, 6, 22.— Absol.:

    Quaeque ipsi doceant in usu habere,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10:

    nec rhus Latinum nomen habet, cum in usum pluribus modis veniat,

    Plin. 24, 11, 54, § 91.—
    2.
    Wear, a wearing out or away ( poet.):

    ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 473:

    silices tenuantur ab usu,

    id. ib. 3, 91.—
    3.
    Use, enjoyment, [p. 1939] fruition:

    et usu rerum necessarium et dignitate spoliatum iri,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 66:

    tantumque nobis in nostrum privatum usum, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    cave sis ne tu te usu perduis (i. e. ex usu tui),

    lose control of yourself, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 225 Ussing ad loc.—
    4.
    Use, practice, exercise:

    tantum usu cottidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

    quod adsiduus usus uni rei deditus et ingenium et artem saepe vincit,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

    cum rerum magnarum tractatio atque usus cum illarum artium studiis et cognitione conjungitur,

    id. Rep. 3, 3, 5:

    ad eam doctrinam, quam suo quisque studio adsecutus esset, adjungeretur usus frequens,

    id. de Or. 1, 4, 15:

    docuit nos longa vita ususque rerum maximarum,

    id. ib. 2, 50, 204:

    usu quidem in re publicā rerum maximarum facile omnis viceris,

    id. Rep. 1, 23, 37.—
    5.
    Use, experience, discipline, skill acquired by practice (cf. experientia): Da. O Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram. Ge. Mi usus venit, hoc scio, i. e. I have found it so by experience, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23 (al. usu venit; v. infra, II. C. 2.):

    vir tali prudentiā, etiam usu atque exercitatione praeditus,

    Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    res posita in usu militari,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    usum in re publicā magnum habere,

    id. Phil. 10, 2, 6: magnum in re militari usum habere, Caes B G. 1, 39; id. B. C. 2, 34:

    non recusare se, quin nullius usus imperator existimaretur,

    id. ib. 3, 45:

    nullo usu rei militaris percepto,

    id. B. G. 6, 40; id. B. C. 3, 84:

    usu nauticarum rerum ceteros antecedunt,

    id. B. G. 3, 8:

    ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallerent,

    id. B. C. 3, 86:

    et Marius aut belli usum aut studia volgi amissurus,

    Sall. J. 84, 3; cf. id. ib. 89, 6:

    dantur duo usu sapientiāque praestantes,

    Nep. Timoth. 3, 2:

    seris venit usus ab annis,

    Ov. M. 6, 29:

    tum foeda clades, Romanisque usu incognita,

    Flor. 2, 2, 23. —Personified:

    adiciam quod me docuit usus, magister egregius,

    experience, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 12:

    usum et esse et haberi optimum dicendi magistrum,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4.—
    6.
    Use, habit, usage, custom, practice:

    usum loquendi populo concessi: scientiam mihi reservavi,

    Cic. Or. 48, 160:

    dicendi omnis ratio in medio posita communi quodam in usu,

    id. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

    neque quem usum belli haberent, aut quibus institutis uterentur,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 20:

    (vitulos) ad studium atque usum formabis agrestem,

    Verg. G. 3, 163:

    est omnino Capitoni in usu claros viros colere,

    it is his custom, Plin. Ep. 1, 17, 3:

    populum auctoritate suā ad usum frugalitatis revocavit,

    Just. 20, 4, 5:

    ab his Galli usum vitae cultioris didicerunt,

    id. 43, 4, 1:

    at horum recitatio usu jam recepta est,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 3:

    cadent vocabula, si volet usus,

    Hor. A. P. 71.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In jurid. lang.
    a.
    Usus et fructus, usus fructusque, and more frequently in one word, ūsusfructus, the use and enjoyment of property belonging to another, usufruct:

    usus enim ejus fundi et fructus testamento viri fuerat Caesenniae,

    Cic. Caecin. 7, 19:

    sibi horum usus fructusque contingat,

    Sen. Ep. 73, 9:

    rem nobis eripit casus, usum fructumque apud nos relinquit,

    id. ib. 98, 11:

    usumfructum omnium bonorum suorum Caesenniae legat, ut frueretur una cum filio,

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 11; cf.:

    ususfructus est jus alienis rebus utendi fruendi, salvā rerum substantiā,

    Dig. 7, 1, 1; v. the entire title, usufructu: dominus proprietatis alii usumfructum in jure cedere potest, Gai inst. 2, 30 sqq.; 2, 86; Ulp. Fragm. 15, 3.—
    b. (α).
    In the connection usus et auctoritas, or without the copula, usus auctoritas; v. auctoritas; and cf. Rein, Röm. Privatr. p. 144 sq.—
    (β).
    In the phrase usu capere, to acquire by prescription (often as one word; v. 1. usucapio); hence, com.: Mer. Quojus nunc es? Sos. Tuos:

    nam pugnis usu fecisti tuom,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218.—
    2.
    Intercourse, familiarity, association, intimacy, society (cf.:

    consuetudo, conversatio): domesticus usus et consuetudo,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    quocum mihi est magnus usus,

    id. Fam. 7, 32, 1; 9, 25, 2:

    conjunctus magno usu familiaritatis,

    id. ib. 13, 52:

    in tanto usu nostro tantāque amicitiā,

    id. Planc. 2, 5:

    inter nosmet ipsos vetus usus intercedit,

    id. Fam. 13, 23, 1: ut insinuaret se in quam maxime familiarem usum, Liv. 40, 21, 11:

    recens praestat nec longo cognitus usu,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 9:

    natio nullo commercio colens mutuos usus,

    Curt. 7, 3, 5:

    neminem in usu habes nisi tibi dilectum,

    Plin. Pan. 88.—Hence,
    b.
    In mal. part., Tib. 1, 9, 55; Ov. R. Am. 357.—
    3.
    Use, practice, reality (opp. species):

    ut (liberi) in usum boni sint et in speciem populo,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42:

    illam alteram (partem Numidiae) specie quam usu potiorem Adherbal possedit,

    Sall. J. 16, 5:

    ut non in usum sic ad speciem imperii,

    Flor. 3, 13, 4.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Use, usefulness, value, utility, benefit, profit, advantage:

    levis fructus, exiguus usus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

    (arborum) consectio magnos usus affert ad navigia facienda,

    id. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

    propter lini inopiam atque ejus usus inscientiam,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

    naves factae subito ex umidā materiā non eundem usum celeritatis habebant,

    capacity, fitness, id. B. C. 1, 58:

    natis in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare,

    service, Hor. C. 1, 27, 1:

    aurum cogere humanos in usus,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 51:

    pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum,

    Ov. M. 2, 36:

    nescis, quo valeat numus? quem praebeat usum?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 73:

    quidve ad amicitias, usus rectumne trahat nos,

    id. ib. 2, 6, 75:

    neque quisquam omnium libidini simul et usui paruit,

    Sall. C. 51, 2:

    plures quam quot satis in usum erant ignes,

    Liv. 36, 10, 12:

    servos quos domum quis ducet suo usu,

    Dig. 50, 16, 203:

    cicuta quoque venenum est... ad multa tamen usus non omittendi,

    Plin. 25, 13, 95, § 151.—In partic., usui or ex usu esse, to be of use, service, or benefit, to be useful, serviceable, advantageous, or profitable:

    esse usui civitati, ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 1; id. B. C. 1, 19; Liv. 3, 33, 5; cf.:

    (Satrius) fuit et mihi et Quinto fratri magno usui in nostris petitionibus,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    magno usui rei publicae esse,

    id. Phil. 10, 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    bono usui esse,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    peritos legum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,

    Liv. 3, 33, 5:

    declararent, utrum proelium ex usu esset necne,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 50; so,

    ex usu esse,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 14; Plin. 25, 13, 110, § 175:

    ad omnia haec magis opportunus nec magis ex usu tuo Nemo'st,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 47. —
    B.
    Use, occasion, need, want, necessity:

    non te instruere domum tuam voluerunt in provinciā, sed illum usum provinciae supplere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9:

    quae belli usus poscunt, suppeditare,

    Liv. 26, 43, 7:

    illuc euntium, quā quemque suorum usuum causae ferrent,

    id. 6, 25, 9.—
    2.
    Usus est, or usus venit, there is need, it is necessary, becomes requisite.
    a.
    Usus est (most freq. ante-class., esp. after the analogy of opus est with the abl.).
    (α).
    Absol.:

    egomet mihi fero, quod usu'st,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 13:

    ubicumque usus siet,

    id. Bacch. 4, 4, 9; and, with ellipsis of subst. verb:

    dico ut usus fieri,

    id. As. 2, 2, 109:

    si quando usus esset,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92: Me. Mihi sic est usus: tibi ut opus facto'st, face. Ch. An cuiquam est usus homini, se ut cruciet? Me. Mihi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 sq.; cf.:

    ut equites Pompeianorum impetum, cum adesset usus, sustinere non possent,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 84, 4.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    viginti jam usu'st filio argenti minis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 55; 4, 9, 47:

    mulier quae se suamque aetatem spernit, speculo ei usus est,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 93:

    curatore usus est,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10:

    ad eam rem usus est tuā mihi operā,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27:

    tacere nequeo misera, quod tacito usus est,

    id. Cist. 1, 2, 10:

    argento invento,

    id. Ps. 1, 1, 48:

    facto,

    id. Am. 1, 3, 7; id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; id. Stich. 1, 1, 56 al.:

    dicto,

    id. Trin. 2, 4, 102:

    navis, quibus usus non est, omnis praecidisse,

    Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

    quibus (navibus) consuli usus non esset,

    Liv. 30, 41, 8:

    nunc viribus usus, Nunc manibus rapidis, omni nunc arte magistrā,

    Verg. A. 8, 441:

    ad eam rem usu'st homine astuto, docto, scito et callido,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 151.—Pleonast.:

    non usus facto'st mihi nunc hunc intro sequi,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 47.—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    nunc ad me ut veniat usu'st Acroteleutium,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 39; cf. Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 supra.—
    (δ).
    With gen.:

    alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

    Liv. 26, 9, 9.—
    b.
    Usus venit (not in Cic.):

    si quis usus venerit, Meminisse ego hanc rem vos volo,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 28: quom ad praetorem usus veniet, id. Poen. 3, 4, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 129:

    si usus vene rit,

    id. Merc. 3, 1, 20:

    non usus veniet, spero,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42:

    ut, si usus veniat, suum quisque locum teneat,

    if occasion should arise, Caes. B. G. 7, 80.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    ubi usus veniat contra consertā manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3.—
    C.
    A fit occasion or opportunity to be used.
    1.
    Usus est or adest, an occasion or opportunity offers:

    de ceteris studiis alio loco dicemus, si usus fuerit,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 5.—
    2.
    Esp.: usu venit, it happens, occurs, befalls, chances:

    nam quid homini potest turpius, quid viro miserius aut acerbius usu venire?

    Cic. Quint. 15, 49; id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101:

    si id culpa senectutis accideret, eadem mihi usu venirent,

    id. Sen. 3, 7:

    idem solet in demonstratione usu venire,

    id. Inv. 1, 10, 14; 1, 54, 104:

    quod item in poëmatis, in picturis usu venit,

    id. Off. 3, 3, 15:

    hoc illud eis usu venire solet, ut, etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 11, 35:

    cum praesertim mihi usu venturum non arbitrarer, ut, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 6: et, id quod usu venerat, Eumolpidas demigravit, actually occurred (however strange), Nep. Alcib. 4, 5:

    id quod numquam antea usu venerat,

    id. ib. 6, 3:

    praemeditatus, quid sibi esset usu venturum,

    Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8:

    Caesar biduum in iis locis moratus, quod haec de Vercingetorige usu ventura opinione perceperat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 9:

    usu venire ut abhorreant, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8.—Separated or in a reversed order:

    non venit idem usu mihi quod tu tibi scribis,

    Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

    quod cuipiam Thraco venisse usu fabula est,

    Gell. 19, 12, 6:

    quid, quod usu memoria patrum venit, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > usus

  • 59 испытывать

    tentare, 1 (temptare) (scientiam alicujus; Babylonios numeros); attentare, 1; experiri, ior, rtus sum; examinare, 1; spectare, 1; accipere, io, cepi, ceptus sum; pati, ior, passus sum; probare, 1; tangere, o, tetigi, tactum (tales curas); scire, 4 (hostes id scient); exsequi, or, cutus sum (aerumnam [e]gestatem); torquēre [e]o, rsi, rtum (aliquem mero); periculum alicujus rei facere [io, feci, factum]; experientia aliquid cognoscere [o, gnovi, gnitum]

    • испытать на себе превратности судьбы maleficam naturam nancisci; habere (odium in aliquem; amorem erga aliquem; fidem alicui; spem alicujus rei)

    • испытать свою совесть examen conscientiae facere; se ipsum discutere; explorare intimos animi sui recessus

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > испытывать

  • 60 ENDEAVOR

    [N]
    CONATUS (-US) (M)
    EXPERIENTIA (-AE) (F)
    CONATUM (-I) (N)
    OPERA (-AE) (F)
    CONAMEN (-MINIS) (N)
    CONATIO (-ONIS) (F)
    [V]
    CONOR (-ARI -ATUS SUM)
    TEMPTO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    TENTO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    IACULOR (-ARI -ATUS SUM)
    JACULOR (-ARI -ATUS SUM)
    INTENDO (-ERE -TENDI -TENTUM)
    SPECTO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    NITOR (NITI NISUS SUM)
    ENITOR (-NITI -NISUS SUM)
    STUDEO (-ERE -UI)
    INCUMBO (-ERE -CUBUI -CUBITUM)
    CONTENDO (-ERE -TENDI -TENTUM)

    English-Latin dictionary > ENDEAVOR

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Experiéntia — (lat.), Erfahrung, Erfahrungsklugheit. E. est optĭma rerum magístra, Erfahrung ist die beste Lehrerin; E. docet, die Erfahrung lehrt …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Experientia — Experientia, lat., Erfahrung; e. docet, die Erfahrung lehrt; e. optima rerum magistra, Erfahrung ist die beste Lehrmeisterin …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • experientia — index experience (background) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • Experĭentia est optĭma rerum magistra — Experĭentia est optĭma rerum magistra, lat. Sprichwort: Erfahrung ist die beste Lehrmeisterin, Probieren geht über Studieren …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Experientia per varios actus legem facit. Magistra rerum experientia — Experience by various acts makes law. Experience is the mistress of things …   Ballentine's law dictionary

  • Experientia testatur foeminas moscoviticas verberibus placari. — См. Жену не бить и милу не быть …   Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)

  • experientia per varios actus legem facit — experience by various acts makes law …   Black's law dictionary

  • experientia per varios actus legem facit — experience by various acts makes law …   Black's law dictionary

  • magistra rerum experientia — Experience is the mistress of things See also magister rerum usus; magistra rerum experientia …   Black's law dictionary

  • magistra rerum experientia — Experience is the mistress of things See also magister rerum usus; magistra rerum experientia …   Black's law dictionary

  • Usus et experientia dominantur in artibus. — См. Навык мастера ставит …   Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)

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