-
1 exin
exin or (old and late) exim [for exinde], adv. —In place, thence, after that, next in order, next: (mare)... exin aër: exim ventum Elephantinen, Ta.— After that, thereafter, then: Exin compellare pater me voce videtur, Enn. ap. C.— Then, next, furthermore: incenditque animum: Exin bella memorat, V.: primum... exim, Ta.* * *thence; after that, next in order, thereafter, then; furthermore; by that cause -
2 exin
exin, adv., v. exinde. -
3 exin
subst. (geologi) exine -
4 exinde
ex-indē, and apocopated exin (like dein, proin, from deinde, proinde; cf.I.also: dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,
Cic. Or. 45, 154; also exim, like him, illim, istim; acc. to the best MSS. in Enn. ap. Fest. p. 356, 4; Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 9; Lucr. 3, 160; Verg. A. 7, 341; 8, 306; 12, 92; Tac. A. 14, 48 al.; M. Aurel. ad Fronto, p. 54; cf. exsim, eutheôs, Gloss. Philox.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 148; Wagn. ad Verg. A. 7, 341, and tom. 5, p. 437; v. Ritschl, Rhein. Mus. 7, 472 sqq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 218), adv., from there, from that place, thence (freq., but not in Ter., Caes., or Quint.).In space (very rare;B.not in Cic.): utcumque in alto ventus est, Epidice, exin velum vortitur,
from there, thence, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 47; id. Poen. 3, 6, 9:si servus cujusquam in ecclesiam altariave armatus... irruerit, exinde protinus abstrahatur,
Cod. Just. 1, 12, 4:regionem Commagenam, exim Cappadociam, inde Armenios petivit,
Tac. A. 15, 12.—Transf., in (local) succession, after that, next in order, next:II.at vero quanta maris est pulchritudo!... exin mari finitimus aër, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: hinc Equus summum contingit caput alvo... exin contortis Aries cum cornibus haeret, id. poët. ib. 2, 43, 111:auxiliares Galli Germanique in fronte, post quos pedites sagittarii, dein quatuor legiones... exin totidem aliae legiones,
Tac. A. 2, 16.In time, after that, thereafter, then: exin compellare pater me voce videtur, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 45, ed. Vahl.): POPULI PARTES IN TRIBUS DISTRIBUUNTO;b.EXIN PECUNIAS, AEVITATES, ORDINES PARTIUNTO,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:exin cuidam rustico Romano dormienti visus est venire qui diceret, etc.... exin filium ejus esse mortuum, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 26, 55: quisque suos patimur Manes;exinde per amplum Mittimur Elysium,
Verg. A. 6, 743:ad Mundam exinde castra Punica mota,
Liv. 24, 42, 1.—After ubi or postquam (cf. deinde, II. d.):B.ostium ubi conspexi, exinde me ilico protinam dedi,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 84:postquam alium repperit... me exinde amovit loco,
id. Truc. 1, 1, 63.—Transf.1.In an enumeration or succession of events, after that, then, next, furthermore (cf. deinde, II. A. b.): pone petunt, exim referunt ad pectora tonsas, Enn. s. v. tonsam, p. 356 Müll. (Ann. v. 236, ed. Vahl.): incenditque animum famae venientis amore;2.Exin bella viro memorat, quae, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 891:exin se cuncti divinis rebus ad urbem Perfectis referunt,
id. ib. 8, 306; Liv. 31, 4, 4; 31, 6, 2; 37, 47, 8; 40, 35, 2;42, 9, 8: Suillio corruptionem militum... exin adulterium Poppaeae, ac postremum mollitiam corporis objectante,
Tac. A. 11, 2; cf. id. ib. 15, 41.—In late Lat., i. q. ex illo tempore, from that time, since then:III.quem morem vestis exinde gens universa tenet,
Just. 1, 2:cum post motam et omissam quaestionem res ad nova dominia bona fide transierint, et exinde novi viginti anni intercesserint, etc.,
Cod. Just. 7, 33; Dig. 10, 1, 4; 41, 6, 4; 49, 15, 12.—With ut, cum, ex quo:exinde, ut curiam participare coepi,
App. Mag. p. 289; so,exinde ut,
id. M. 2, p. 120:exinde cum ex astu a magistro digressi sumus,
id. ib. 1, p. 113:videri legatum habere jurisdictionem non exinde, ex quo mandata est, sed, etc.,
Dig. 1, 16, 4, § 6; 5, 1, 67; Cod. Just. 2, 22; 4, 32.—In other relations, in which a going out or forth takes place.A.(Acc. to ex, III. E.) To indicate the origin or occasion of an event (post-class.), thence:B.nec quicquam idonei lucri exinde cepimus, sed vulnera,
App. M. 6, p. 184; Cod. Just. 1, 3, 35: quodcumque exinde incommodum ecclesiae contigerit, ib. 1, 2, 14.—(Acc. to ex, III. H.) To indicate a rule, measure, or standard, hence, accordingly (anteclass.): proinde ut quisque fortuna utitur, ita praecellet;atque exinde sapere eum omnes dicimus,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 14; cf.:ut fama 'st homini, exin solet pecuniam invenire,
id. Most. 1, 3, 71; id. Truc. 1, 1, 64; id. Poen. 3, 5, 9; id. Ep. 1, 1, 47:ad molas alii asellis, alii vaccis ac mulis utuntur, exinde ut pabuli facultas est,
according as, Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 4. -
5 deinde
dĕindĕ, and abbrev. dein (cf. Prisc. p. 1008 P., and exin, proin —in both forms ei is monosyl. in the class. poets;I.as dissyl.,
Prud. Cath. 10, 100; id. Ditt. 1, 1), adv. [de-inde], thereafter, thereupon (for syn. cf.: dein, exinde, inde, deinceps, post, postea, porro).—In place (rare), from there, from that place:B.via interest perangusta, deinde paulo latior patescit campus,
Liv. 22, 4.—Transf. in (local) succession, thereafter, next (cf. dehinc, no. I. B.):II.auxiliares Galli Germanique in fronte, post quos pedites sagittarii, dein quatuor legiones, exin totidem aliae legiones, etc.,
next, Tac. A. 2, 16:juxta Hermanduros Narisci, ac deinde Marcomanni,
id. G. 42:haec quidem duo binis pedibus incisim: dein membratim, etc.,
Cic. Or. 63, 213; cf. id. N. D. 2, 42 fin.:Baliares locat ante signa... dein graviorem armis peditem,
Liv. 21, 55, 2.—In time.A.Thereafter, afterwards, then (common in all periods and styles):b.hostes contra legiones suas instruunt. Deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 68:accepit conditionem, dein quaestum occipit,
Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 52:complures ex iis occiderunt: deinde se in castra receperunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 35 fin.:dein Tubero, Nescio (inquit) Africane,
Cic. Rep. 1, 10: incipe, Damoeta;tu deinde sequēre, Menalca. Alternis dicetis,
Verg. E. 3, 58;unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro Pugnabant armis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 101:in Aequis nihil deinde memorabile actum,
Liv. 3, 3.—Freq. after primum, principio, prius, inde, postea, postremo, etc.:c.Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf. id. ib. 3, 20 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 74; 3, 108 et saep.:principio duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, deinde, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20:plebs montem sacrum prius, deinde Aventinum occupavit,
id. ib. 2, 33; cf. ib. 2, 37:hunc secutus est Cursor. deinde L. Maso aedilicius: inde multi Masones...: deinde Carbones et Turdi insequuntur,
id. Fam. 9, 21 med.:jubent venire agros Attalensium...: deinde agros in Macedonia regios...: deinde agrum optimum et fructuosissimum Corinthium...: post autem agros in Hispania... tum vero ipsam veterem Carthaginem vendunt,
id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:quippe oppidana lascivia invicem incessente probra, deinde saxa, postremo ferrum sumpsere,
Tac. A. 14, 17 et saep.; so,corresp. with in praesentia,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 26.—Connected with tum, tunc, postea, porro, postremo, etc.:d.primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 42 Müll.; so,deinde tum,
Quint. 4, 2, 27:deinde tunc,
Sen. Ep. 74, 23:tum deinde,
Liv. 2, 8:tunc deinde,
Val. Fl. 8, 109: servos Milonis sibi confessos esse de interficiendo Cn. Pompeio conjurasse;deinde postea se gladio percussum esse, etc.,
Cic. Mil. 24, 65; so,deinde postea,
id. Inv. 1, 28, 43: id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2: Liv. 41, 24; Cels. 3, 4; 5, 28 al.:postea deinde,
id. 7, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1 ext. 5; cf.also deinde eam postea supprimat,
Cic. Clu. 26, 71:post deinde,
Ter. Andr. 3, 2, 3; Cic. Att. 2, 23:deinde post,
Nep. Eum, 5, 5; Vell. 2, 23, 3:deinde porro,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 103; id. Epid. 5, 2, 61:mox deinde,
Tib. 1, 5, 73:deinde postremo,
Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43; cf.:deinde ad extremum,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28; id. Pis. 31 fin.:deinde deinceps,
id. Div. 1, 30, 64 (dub.); id, Leg. 3, 2, 4; Liv. 2, 47.—Strengthened by cum, postquam, posteaquam, ubi, etc.:B.dein (deinde) cum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:deinde cum,
as soon as, Liv. 3, 47; cf.:dein cum,
Plin. 19, 8, 51, § 166:deinde (dein) postquam,
Liv. 3, 66; 6, 13; 7, 37 et saep.:deinde posteaquam,
Cels. 7 praef.:deinde (dein) ubi,
Sall. J. 68, 69; id. C. 45 fin.; Liv. 7, 14. —Of future time, hereafter, from this time forward (rare):III.tu velim cures ut sciam, quibus nos dare oporteat eas, quas ad te deinde litteras mittemus,
Cic. ad Q. Frat. 3, 8, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 280;experiamini quidquid deinde fors tulerit,
Curt. 5, 25, 17. —In an enumeration or succession of facts or arguments, afterwards, next in order, then:B.ut a prima congressione maris et feminae, deinde a progenie et cognatione ordiar, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 24, 48:te ad coenas itare desisse moleste fero... Deinde etiam vereor... ne, etc.,
id. Fam. 9, 24, 2; id. de Or. 2, 11, 45 sq. et saep.—Esp. freq. following primum (primus), followed by postremo al.:C.quod in homine multo est evidentius, primum ex ea caritate, quae, etc., deinde, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 8, 27; 18, 65; 20, 73; id. Rep. 1, 13; 1, 17 et passim; cf.deinde, several times repeated,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 45; id. Inv. 1, 28, 43; id. Or. 54, 108 al.:primum with deinde eight times, and finally postremo,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:deinde... tum... post, etc.,
Cels. 2, 18; 3, 7 et saep.:deinde... deinde... postremo...,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49: excellente tum Crasso et Antonio, deinde ( next in the order of excellence, not of time) Philippo, post Julio, id. Brut. 88, 301:deinde... tum... postremo,
Quint. 3, 9, 6 sq.:prima nobilitas Cilicio... dein Lyciae Olympo, mox Centuripino, etc.,
Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 31;so after optimus,
Plin. 25, 11, 87, § 136; 37, 9, 38, § 119;after laudatissimus,
id. 21, 18, 69, § 115; cf. id. 21, 21, 92, § 160:femur promovetur saepissime in interiorem: deinde in exteriorem: raro admodum in priorem aut posteriorem,
Cels. 8, 20.—So, in a climax, emphasizing the last of a series:suis artibus, fraude, deinde insidiis est prope circumventus,
at length, in fine, Liv. 21, 34; id. 21, 41; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 238 -249. -
6 HLÆJA
* * *(hlæ; hló, hlógum; hleginn), v.1) to laugh;hlæja hátt, to laugh loud;hlæja at e-u, to laugh at;þau tíðendi, er þeim hló hugr við, that gladdened their hearts;2) hlæja e-n, to laugh at, deride one.* * *pres. hlær, pl. hlægjum; pret. hló (qs. hlóg), 2nd pers. hlótt, mod. hlóst; pl. hlógu, mod. hlóu; pret. subj. hlægi; imperat. hlæ, hlaeðu; part. hleginn; [Ulf. hlahjan; A. S. hlihan; Engl. laugh; Hel. hlahan; O. H. G. hlahhan; old Frank, hlaka; Germ. lachen; Dan. le]:—to laugh, Hðm. 20, Skv. 3. 30, Am. 61, Akv. 24; h. hátt, to laugh loud, Skv. 2. 15; Grímr var ekki kátr, ok aldri hló hann síðan Helgi var fallinn, Dropl. 27; Grímr skelldi upp ok hló, 31; hví hlóttu nú? Fms. vi. 390; hló Vigfúss at? Halli mælti, þat er vani þeirra feðga at hlæja, þá er vígahugr er á þeim, Glúm. 367; hón hlaer við hvert orð, Nj. 18; h. dátt, to laugh heartily; skelli-hlægja, to roar with laughter; h. hlátr, Hildigunnr hló kalda-hlátr, Nj.: phrases, þá hló marmennill, then the merman laughed, of a sudden, unreasonable burst of laughter, Fas. Hálfs. S. ch. 7, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 133: as also Merlin (1869), ch. 23; hugr hlaer, one’s heart laughs; at minn hugr hlægja við honum, Fas. i. 195; hlær mér þess hugr, Fms. xi. 96; þau tíðendi er þeim hló hugr við, ix. 494, v. l.; löngum hlaer lítið vit, long laugh, little wit; hleginn, laughed at, Niðrst. 6.2. with prep.; hlæja at e-u, to laugh at a thing; Hrútr hló at ok gékk í braut, Nj. 10; allt fólk hló at þeim, Fms. ix. 494, Glúm. 366, passim (at-hlægi).II. metaph. of a country, the hills are said to laugh in welcoming a guest and to droop at his going away; Drúpir Höfði, dauðr er Þengill, hlægja hlíðir við Hallsteini, Landn. (in a verse); Há þóttu mér hlaegja … of Noreg allan | klif meðan Ólafr lifði, Sighvat: the blunt edge is said to laugh in one’s face, síðan tók ek hein ór pússi mínum ok reið ek í eggina, svá at exin var svá slæ, at hón hló móti mér áðr en við skildum, Sturl. ii. 62. -
7 SÖKKVA
* * *pres. sökk; pret. sökk, sökkt (sökkst), sökk; plur. sukku; subj. sykki; imperat. sökk, sökktu; part. sokkinn: [Ulf. siggqan = βυθίζεσθαι, δύσειν; A. S. sincan; Engl. sink; Germ. sinken; Dan. synke]:—to sink; hann sökk niðr, sank down, Landn. 44, v. l.; sökk niðr hestr hans, Fms. ii. 202; sökk hón niðr með öllum farminum, Nj. 19; exin sökkr, Fær. 49. -
8 exim
exim see exin.* * *thence; after that, next in order, thereafter, then; furthermore; by that cause -
9 prō
prō praep. with abl. [PRO-].—Of place, before, in front of, in face of: sedens pro aede Castoris: pro castris dimicare, Cs.: castra pro moenibus locata, L.: pro castris suas copias produxit, before the camp, Cs.: pro tectis aedificiorum, from the roofs, S.—Of conspicuous appearance or publicity, before, in the presence of, on, in, in front of: hac re pro suggestu pronuntiatā, coming forward on the tribune, Cs.: me significasse... idque pro tribunali, in open court: laudatus pro contione Iugurtha, before the assembled army, S.: pro contione litteras recitare, to the assembly, Cu.: uti pro consilio imperatum erat, in the council, S.: pro collegio pronuntiare, L.—Of defence or protection, for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, in the service of, on the side of: contra omnia dici et pro omnibus: hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius: haec contra legem proque lege dicta, L.: labores dolorem pro patriā suscipere: pro patriā mori, H.: urbes pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae, S.: et locus pro vobis et nox erit, L.—Of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for: ego pro te molam, T.: saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus: pro bene sano fictum vocamus, H.—Esp., in titles: pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens, vice-consul: pro consulibus alqm mittere, non pro consule, instead of the consuls, not as proconsul: cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem: pro magistro: ut, qui pro dictatore fuisset, dictator crederetur, L.—Of compensation, for, in exchange for, in return for: pro huius peccatis ego supplicium sufferam, T.: dimidium eius quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum: id pro immolatis Romanis poenae hostibus redditum, L.: dedit pro corpore nummos, as a ransom, H.—Of equivalence, for, the same as, just as, as: hunc amavi pro meo, as my own, T.: qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus, of as much weight with me: quos pro nihilo putavit: pro occiso relictus, for dead: cum pro damnato esset, as good as condemned: neque recte neque pro bono facere (i. e. ita, ut pro bono habeatur), S.: pro vano nuntius audiri, as a boaster, L.—Esp., in phrases. —Pro eo, as an equivalent, just the same: sin minus, pro eo tamen id habeamus.—Pro eo atque, just the same as, even as: pro eo ac mereor, just as I deserve: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty. —Pro eo quod, for the reason that, because: pro eo quod eius nomen erat magnā apud omnīs gloriā. —Of relation or proportion, for, in proportion, in comparison with, in accordance with, according to, conformably to, by virtue of: pro multitudine hominum angusti fines, Cs.: exercitum pro loco atque copiis instruit, S.: agere pro viribus: quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat, in consideration of, L.: illum submovere pro imperio more maiorum, summarily, L.: satis pro imperio, dictatorially enough, T.: pro tuā prudentiā: pro tempore et pro re, according to time and circumstances, Cs.: pro facultatibus, N.—In phrases, with parte: quibus aliquid opis fortasse, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset, each according to his own measure of influence: pro meā tenui parte id defendere, to the best of my poor ability: pro virili parte, manfully: rerum gestarum memoriae pro virili parte consuluisse, i. e. to have done my share towards preserving, L.: beneficio plus quam pro virili parte obligatus, i. e. under more than personal obligations. —For pro ratā parte, see ratus.—With eo: pro magnitudine iniuriae, proque eo quod res p. temptatur, vindicare, as required by the fact that, etc.: pro antiquitate generis sui, pro eo, quod, etc., in view of the fact: ea pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda, according to the weight of each.—Pro se quisque, each for himself, each in his measure, individually: pro se quisque quod ceperat adferebat: cum pro se quisque operam navare cuperet, Cs.: pro se quisque viri nituntur, V.* * *on behalf of; before; in front/instead of; for; about; according to; as, like -
10 compello
1.com-pello ( conp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a., to drive together to a place, to collect, assemble (opp. expello, Cic. Pis. 7, 16;I.to dispellere,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149;and to aspellere,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 46; class.).Lit. of herds, flocks:II.tum compellendum (agnos) in gregem ovium,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18:armentum in speluncam,
Liv. 1, 7, 5; cf.:pecoris vim ingentem in saltum avium,
id. 9, 31, 7:greges in unum,
Verg. E. 7, 2:pecus totius provinciae,
Cic. Pis. 36, 87: haedorum gregem hibisco ( poet. for ad hibiscum), Verg. E. 2, 30.—Also of other objects:primordia,
Lucr. 2, 564:homines unum in locum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2:naves (hostium) in portum,
Caes. B. C. 1, 58 fin.:hostes intra oppida murosque,
id. B. G. 7, 65; so of the driving or forcing of enemies in a body; cf.:adversarios intra moenia,
Nep. Ages. 5, 3:hostem fugatum in naves,
Liv. 10, 2, 2:Dardanos in urbem,
id. 41, 19, 9; Suet. Vit. 15:oppidanos intra munimenta,
Curt. 8, 11, 1:hostes in fugam,
Just. 4, 4.—Hence fig.:bellum Medulliam,
to turn the war thither, Liv. 1, 33, 4:is (hostes) eo compulit ut locorum angustiis clausi, etc.,
drove them into so close corners, Nep. Ham. 2, 4:Pompeium domum suam,
Cic. Pis. 7, 16:ad monumentorum deversoria plebe compulsā,
Suet. Ner. 38: quam (imaginem) virga semel horrida... Nigro compulerit gregi, * Hor. C. 1, 24, 18:ossa in suas sedes,
Cels. 6, 7 fin. —Trop.A.To bring or press together:B.amores nostros dispulsos,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149:cur eam tantas in angustias et in Stoicorum dumeta compellimus?
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112.—Far more freq.,To drive, bring, move, impel, incite, urge, compel, force, constrain to something; constr. with ad, in, more rarely with ut, the inf. or absol.(α).With ad (freq. in Suet.):(β).aliquem ad virtutem,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:ad arma,
Cic. Marcell. 5, 13:ad bellum,
Ov. M. 5, 219:ad deditionem fame,
Suet. Aug. 14; Curt. 9, 1, 19:ad necem,
Suet. Aug. 66; id. Calig. 23; id. Ner. 35: ad mortem, id. Tib. 56; Quint. 7, 3, 7:ad confessionem,
Suet. Claud. 15:ad pugnam,
id. ib. 21:ad rapinas,
Luc. 7, 99:ad defectionem,
Curt. 10, 1, 45:ad laqueum,
Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 12:ad impudicitiam,
Dig. 1, 6, 2.—With in:(γ).in hunc sensum compellor injuriis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 21:in eundem metum,
Liv. 25, 29, 8:in socordiam,
Col. 11, 1, 11:in mortem,
Quint. 7, 3, 7:in metum,
Tac. H. 2, 27. —With ut:(δ).callidum senem callidis dolis Conpuli et perpuli, mihi omnia ut crederet,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 4; Suet. Caes. 1; 24; id. Vesp. 2; Tac. Or. 4; Curt. 8, 8, 2. —With inf.:(ε).aliquem jussa nefanda pati,
Ov. F. 3, 860; Luc. 3, 144; Suet. Tib. 62; id. Dom. 14; Curt. 5, 1, 35; Just. 16, 5; 30, 3; Gai Inst. 2, 237.—Absol.:2.ceteras nationes conterruit, compulit, domuit,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:aliquā indignatione compellendus,
Quint. 9, 4, 138:ille qui aspellit, is conpellit,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 46; freq. in perf. part.:periculis compulsus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; Caes. B. C. 3, 41; Liv. 27, 30, 3.compello ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. compello; cf. 2. appello, āre, from 1. appello, ĕre, and jugare, from root of jungo], to accost one.I.Without implying reproach, to accost, address (mostly poet.): exin compellare pater me voce videtur his verbis, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41 (Ann. v. 45 Vahl.); so, aliquem, id. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 ib.):II.aliquem voce,
Verg. A. 5, 161; and:notis vocibus,
id. ib. 6, 499; cf. Ov. M. 14, 839:blande hominem,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 72; cf. id. Stich. 2, 1, 43:familiariter,
id. Men. 2, 3, 23: carmine, * Cat. 64, 24:talibus agrestem com pellat Oreada dictis,
Ov. M. 8, 787; 12, 585:Tauream nomine,
Liv. 23, 47, 2; Curt. 4, 13, 20:aliquem multo honore,
Verg. A. 3, 474:verbis amicis,
id. ib. 2, 372:aliquam de stupro,
to invite to unchastity, Val. Max. 6, 1, 2; in like sense absol.:compellare,
Hyg. Fab. 57.—In a hostile sense, to address one reproachfully or abusively, to reproach, chide, rebuke, upbraid, abuse, to take to task, call to account (good prose).A.In gen.:B.mimus nominatim Accium poëtam compellavit in scaenā,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:neque aspexit mater, quin eum fratricidam impiumque detestans compellaret,
Nep. Timol. 1, 5:pro cunctatore segnem, pro cauto timidum compellabat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12; 34, 2, 8:ne compellarer inultus,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 297; 1, 7, 31; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—Esp., jurid. t. t., of authorities, to summon one to answer a charge; or of adversaries, to arraign one before a tribunal, to accuse of crime (cf. 2. appello):Q. Ciceronem compellat edicto,
Cic. Phil. 3, 7, 17; id. Red. in Sen. 5, 12; 13, 52:Nigidius minari in contione, se judicem, qui non adfuerit, compellaturum,
id. Att. 2, 2, 3; so id. Phil. 3, 7, 17; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Liv. 43, 2, 11; Tac. A. 16, 27; Suet. Caes. 17. -
11 conpello
1.com-pello ( conp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a., to drive together to a place, to collect, assemble (opp. expello, Cic. Pis. 7, 16;I.to dispellere,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149;and to aspellere,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 46; class.).Lit. of herds, flocks:II.tum compellendum (agnos) in gregem ovium,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18:armentum in speluncam,
Liv. 1, 7, 5; cf.:pecoris vim ingentem in saltum avium,
id. 9, 31, 7:greges in unum,
Verg. E. 7, 2:pecus totius provinciae,
Cic. Pis. 36, 87: haedorum gregem hibisco ( poet. for ad hibiscum), Verg. E. 2, 30.—Also of other objects:primordia,
Lucr. 2, 564:homines unum in locum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2:naves (hostium) in portum,
Caes. B. C. 1, 58 fin.:hostes intra oppida murosque,
id. B. G. 7, 65; so of the driving or forcing of enemies in a body; cf.:adversarios intra moenia,
Nep. Ages. 5, 3:hostem fugatum in naves,
Liv. 10, 2, 2:Dardanos in urbem,
id. 41, 19, 9; Suet. Vit. 15:oppidanos intra munimenta,
Curt. 8, 11, 1:hostes in fugam,
Just. 4, 4.—Hence fig.:bellum Medulliam,
to turn the war thither, Liv. 1, 33, 4:is (hostes) eo compulit ut locorum angustiis clausi, etc.,
drove them into so close corners, Nep. Ham. 2, 4:Pompeium domum suam,
Cic. Pis. 7, 16:ad monumentorum deversoria plebe compulsā,
Suet. Ner. 38: quam (imaginem) virga semel horrida... Nigro compulerit gregi, * Hor. C. 1, 24, 18:ossa in suas sedes,
Cels. 6, 7 fin. —Trop.A.To bring or press together:B.amores nostros dispulsos,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149:cur eam tantas in angustias et in Stoicorum dumeta compellimus?
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112.—Far more freq.,To drive, bring, move, impel, incite, urge, compel, force, constrain to something; constr. with ad, in, more rarely with ut, the inf. or absol.(α).With ad (freq. in Suet.):(β).aliquem ad virtutem,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:ad arma,
Cic. Marcell. 5, 13:ad bellum,
Ov. M. 5, 219:ad deditionem fame,
Suet. Aug. 14; Curt. 9, 1, 19:ad necem,
Suet. Aug. 66; id. Calig. 23; id. Ner. 35: ad mortem, id. Tib. 56; Quint. 7, 3, 7:ad confessionem,
Suet. Claud. 15:ad pugnam,
id. ib. 21:ad rapinas,
Luc. 7, 99:ad defectionem,
Curt. 10, 1, 45:ad laqueum,
Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 12:ad impudicitiam,
Dig. 1, 6, 2.—With in:(γ).in hunc sensum compellor injuriis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 21:in eundem metum,
Liv. 25, 29, 8:in socordiam,
Col. 11, 1, 11:in mortem,
Quint. 7, 3, 7:in metum,
Tac. H. 2, 27. —With ut:(δ).callidum senem callidis dolis Conpuli et perpuli, mihi omnia ut crederet,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 4; Suet. Caes. 1; 24; id. Vesp. 2; Tac. Or. 4; Curt. 8, 8, 2. —With inf.:(ε).aliquem jussa nefanda pati,
Ov. F. 3, 860; Luc. 3, 144; Suet. Tib. 62; id. Dom. 14; Curt. 5, 1, 35; Just. 16, 5; 30, 3; Gai Inst. 2, 237.—Absol.:2.ceteras nationes conterruit, compulit, domuit,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:aliquā indignatione compellendus,
Quint. 9, 4, 138:ille qui aspellit, is conpellit,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 46; freq. in perf. part.:periculis compulsus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; Caes. B. C. 3, 41; Liv. 27, 30, 3.compello ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. compello; cf. 2. appello, āre, from 1. appello, ĕre, and jugare, from root of jungo], to accost one.I.Without implying reproach, to accost, address (mostly poet.): exin compellare pater me voce videtur his verbis, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41 (Ann. v. 45 Vahl.); so, aliquem, id. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 ib.):II.aliquem voce,
Verg. A. 5, 161; and:notis vocibus,
id. ib. 6, 499; cf. Ov. M. 14, 839:blande hominem,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 72; cf. id. Stich. 2, 1, 43:familiariter,
id. Men. 2, 3, 23: carmine, * Cat. 64, 24:talibus agrestem com pellat Oreada dictis,
Ov. M. 8, 787; 12, 585:Tauream nomine,
Liv. 23, 47, 2; Curt. 4, 13, 20:aliquem multo honore,
Verg. A. 3, 474:verbis amicis,
id. ib. 2, 372:aliquam de stupro,
to invite to unchastity, Val. Max. 6, 1, 2; in like sense absol.:compellare,
Hyg. Fab. 57.—In a hostile sense, to address one reproachfully or abusively, to reproach, chide, rebuke, upbraid, abuse, to take to task, call to account (good prose).A.In gen.:B.mimus nominatim Accium poëtam compellavit in scaenā,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:neque aspexit mater, quin eum fratricidam impiumque detestans compellaret,
Nep. Timol. 1, 5:pro cunctatore segnem, pro cauto timidum compellabat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12; 34, 2, 8:ne compellarer inultus,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 297; 1, 7, 31; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—Esp., jurid. t. t., of authorities, to summon one to answer a charge; or of adversaries, to arraign one before a tribunal, to accuse of crime (cf. 2. appello):Q. Ciceronem compellat edicto,
Cic. Phil. 3, 7, 17; id. Red. in Sen. 5, 12; 13, 52:Nigidius minari in contione, se judicem, qui non adfuerit, compellaturum,
id. Att. 2, 2, 3; so id. Phil. 3, 7, 17; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Liv. 43, 2, 11; Tac. A. 16, 27; Suet. Caes. 17. -
12 exhinc
ex-hinc, adv., hereupon, after this, then (post-class. and very rare, for exinde, exin), App. M. 11, p. 269, 19. -
13 icio
ī̆cĭo and ī̆co), īci, ictum (forms in use, only pres. icit, iciunt, icere; perf. icit, icisse; pluperf. iceram, iceras; fut. perf. icero; pass. pres. icitur, icimur; perf. ictus est; and part. ictus, a, um; pres. ĭco, Prisc. 886 P.;I.but īcit,
Lucr. 3, 160; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 50; pres. icio, Gell. 4, 17, 8; Prisc. 877 P.), 3, v. a. [Gr. ip-, iptomai, to injure; ips, a worm; ikria, scaffolding; cf. Ikaros, en-ipê], to strike, hit, smite, stab, sting (cf.: ferio, percutio, verbero, pulso).Lit. (rare but class.).A.In gen.:B.exim corpus propellit et icit,
Lucr. 3, 160:unde icimur ictu,
id. 4, 1050:femur,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 42:caput telis (musca),
Cat. 116, 4: vidulum fuscinā, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 124, 1:cum Ptolemaeus in proelio telo venenato ictus esset,
Cic. Div. 2, 66, 135; cf.:lapide ictus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 22, 2:ibi in turba ictus Remus, cecidit,
Liv. 1, 7, 2:velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus,
Juv. 5, 125.—Esp. of lightning, etc., to strike:C.cum Summanus e caelo ictus esset,
Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16:ictae limen domus,
Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 34:fulmine laurus sola non icitur,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 134; cf.:fulmen lauri fruticem non icit,
id. 2, 55, 56, § 146;so in a figure, of a thunderbolt: ut vos iisdem ignibus circumsaepti me primum ictum pro vobis et fumantem videretis,
Cic. Har. Resp. 21, 45; cf.: exin candida se radiis dedit icta foras lux (i. e. Aurora), struck with rays, irradiated, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 93 Vahl.).—With a homogeneous object: Icere colaphum, to give a box on the ear:II.hei, colaphum icit,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 65.—Trop.A.In partic., icere foedus, like ferire and percutere foedus (v. ferio and percutio, I. B. fin.), to make a covenant or league:B.foedus, quod meo sanguine in pactione provinciarum iceras, frangere noluisti,
Cic. Pis. 12, 28:cum Gaditanis foedus icisse dicitur,
id. Balb. 15, 34; Cael. ap. Prisc. p. 886 P.:orsi a foedere quod nobiscum icerant,
Tac. 12, 62 —(Perh. not ante - Aug.) Desideriis icta fidelibus Quaerit patria Caesarem, smitten, tormented, Hor. C. 4, 5, 15:C.novā re consules icti,
disturbed, Liv. 27, 9, 8; cf. id. 34, 17, 5:conscientiā ictus,
id. 33, 28, 1:metu icta,
id. 1, 16 et saep.:haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant,
panic - stricken, id. 8, 9, 12:domestico vulnere ictus,
by family affliction, Tac. Agr. 29:si existunt, qui magnitudinem multum ultra se positam non icturi appetant,
reach, attain, Sen. Const. Sap. 3 med. —Poet.:saltat Milonius, ut semel icto Accessit fervor capiti numerusque lucernis,
i. e. smitten with wine, tipsy, Hor. S. 2, 1, 25. -
14 ico
ī̆cĭo and ī̆co), īci, ictum (forms in use, only pres. icit, iciunt, icere; perf. icit, icisse; pluperf. iceram, iceras; fut. perf. icero; pass. pres. icitur, icimur; perf. ictus est; and part. ictus, a, um; pres. ĭco, Prisc. 886 P.;I.but īcit,
Lucr. 3, 160; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 50; pres. icio, Gell. 4, 17, 8; Prisc. 877 P.), 3, v. a. [Gr. ip-, iptomai, to injure; ips, a worm; ikria, scaffolding; cf. Ikaros, en-ipê], to strike, hit, smite, stab, sting (cf.: ferio, percutio, verbero, pulso).Lit. (rare but class.).A.In gen.:B.exim corpus propellit et icit,
Lucr. 3, 160:unde icimur ictu,
id. 4, 1050:femur,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 42:caput telis (musca),
Cat. 116, 4: vidulum fuscinā, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 124, 1:cum Ptolemaeus in proelio telo venenato ictus esset,
Cic. Div. 2, 66, 135; cf.:lapide ictus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 22, 2:ibi in turba ictus Remus, cecidit,
Liv. 1, 7, 2:velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus,
Juv. 5, 125.—Esp. of lightning, etc., to strike:C.cum Summanus e caelo ictus esset,
Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16:ictae limen domus,
Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 34:fulmine laurus sola non icitur,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 134; cf.:fulmen lauri fruticem non icit,
id. 2, 55, 56, § 146;so in a figure, of a thunderbolt: ut vos iisdem ignibus circumsaepti me primum ictum pro vobis et fumantem videretis,
Cic. Har. Resp. 21, 45; cf.: exin candida se radiis dedit icta foras lux (i. e. Aurora), struck with rays, irradiated, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 93 Vahl.).—With a homogeneous object: Icere colaphum, to give a box on the ear:II.hei, colaphum icit,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 65.—Trop.A.In partic., icere foedus, like ferire and percutere foedus (v. ferio and percutio, I. B. fin.), to make a covenant or league:B.foedus, quod meo sanguine in pactione provinciarum iceras, frangere noluisti,
Cic. Pis. 12, 28:cum Gaditanis foedus icisse dicitur,
id. Balb. 15, 34; Cael. ap. Prisc. p. 886 P.:orsi a foedere quod nobiscum icerant,
Tac. 12, 62 —(Perh. not ante - Aug.) Desideriis icta fidelibus Quaerit patria Caesarem, smitten, tormented, Hor. C. 4, 5, 15:C.novā re consules icti,
disturbed, Liv. 27, 9, 8; cf. id. 34, 17, 5:conscientiā ictus,
id. 33, 28, 1:metu icta,
id. 1, 16 et saep.:haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant,
panic - stricken, id. 8, 9, 12:domestico vulnere ictus,
by family affliction, Tac. Agr. 29:si existunt, qui magnitudinem multum ultra se positam non icturi appetant,
reach, attain, Sen. Const. Sap. 3 med. —Poet.:saltat Milonius, ut semel icto Accessit fervor capiti numerusque lucernis,
i. e. smitten with wine, tipsy, Hor. S. 2, 1, 25. -
15 pro
1.prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. poti and pot with pros), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. pro; cf.: proteros, prôtos, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc. ], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.I.Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut.* A.Pro quam, in proportion as, just as:B.nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus,
Lucr. 2, 1137. —Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.):II.compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto,
id. Att. 11, 6 fin.:id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur,
Liv. 38, 50:prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est,
id. 38, 40 fin. —With a corresp. ita:ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt,
Cels. 4, 4, 5:prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere,
Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.:A.PRO SALVTEM SVAM,
Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.Lit., of place:2.sedens pro aede Castoris,
Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27:praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis,
id. Mil. 1, 2:ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 32:pro castris copias habere,
id. ib. 7, 66:pro castris dimicare,
id. ib. 5, 16:pro oppido,
id. ib. 7, 71:pro opere consistere,
Sall. J. 92, 9:castra pro moenibus locata,
Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17:pro muro,
id. 30, 10:pro castris explicare aciem,
id. 6, 23:pro vallo,
Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion:Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit,
before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito,
before your feet, App. Mag. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in:B.pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio,
Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and:pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris,
id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so,pro tribunali,
id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly:laudatus pro contione Jugurtha,
Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1:pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos,
Liv. 7, 7:fortes viros pro contione donantis,
Curt. 10, 5, 10:pro contione litteras recitare,
id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.:pro contione palam utrumque temptavit,
Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: [p. 1448] 4, 5, 11; cf.:pro comitio,
Suet. Aug. 43:uti pro consilio imperatum erat,
in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.:supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit,
Liv. 38, 36:pontifices pro collegio decrevisse,
Gell. 11, 3, 2:pro collegio pronuntiare,
Liv. 4, 26, 9:suas simultates pro magistratu exercere,
id. 39, 5:pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat,
before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30:legionem pro ripā componere,
id. ib. 12, 29:velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant,
in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so,pro muris,
id. A. 2, 81:ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere,
standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—Transf.1.To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum):2. a.veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60; cf.:hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,
id. Clu. 32, 88:difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus,
Sen. Prov. 3, 2:haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent,
Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum,
Cic. Sest. 2, 3:omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum,
id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā,
id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2:pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,
id. ib. 4, 1, 14:spondere levi pro paupere,
id. A. P. 423:urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant,
Sall. J. 88, 4:nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc.,
Tac. Agr. 12:et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere,
id. 39, 30, 3:pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos... erant: contra, etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:b.ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10:ego pro te molam,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 29; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13:mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc.,
id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.:libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,
id. ib. 45, 154:pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70:pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc.,
Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.:pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc.,
Liv. 22, 1, 2.—Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute' pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, proprœtor, proquœstor, vice-director:c.cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.:cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule,
instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18:nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat),
id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11' cf.:litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc.,
id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for:3.tres minas pro istis duobus dedi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; id. Aul. 3, 3, 8:pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 17:dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351:pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16:id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum,
Liv. 7, 19, 3:vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date,
Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21:pro crimine poenas,
Ov. Ib. 621.—Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as:4.pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24:sese ducit pro adulescentulo,
id. Stich. 3, 1, 65; id. Cist. 1, 3, 24:hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo,
as my own, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 23:Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus,
whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5:P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est,
id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109:cum pro damnato mortuoque esset,
as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est,
Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:negotia pro solatiis accipiens,
Tac. A. 4, 13:consuli pro hostibus esse,
Liv. 43, 5, 4:adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,
as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same:5.ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus,
Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque ( ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1:pro eo ac si concessum sit,
Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54:pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset,
Dig. 28, 1, 22:pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit,
ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because:pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā,
Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv 38, 49 fin. —On account of, for the sake of:6.dolor pro patriā,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā,
id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro):dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 43:aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate,
Cic. de Or 1, 55, 234:pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit,
Suet. Aug. 57:cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt,
Tac. A. 4, 17:pro bono (= bene),
Sall. J. 22, 4.—Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.:► In composition the o is long in some words, in others short (through the influence of the Gr.meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit,
according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133:tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's,
id. Rud. 4, 4, 71: pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.):facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8:agere pro viribus,
Cic. Sen. 9, 27:aliquem pro dignitate laudare,
id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit,
Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority:quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat,
Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily:nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum,
id. 2, 56, 12 ' hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:pro tuā prudentiā,
Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2:cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus:pro se quisque,
each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.:pro tempore et pro re,
according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:pro facultatibus,
Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as:eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda,
Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58:equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo,
id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.pro-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.2. (α).With nom.:(β).proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 3, 17; id. Eun. 3, 5, 2; id. Ad. 1, 2, 31; cf.:pro supreme Juppiter,
id. ib. 2, 1, 42:pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam!
id. ib. 3, 3, 12:pro di immortales,
id. ib. 3, 4, 1; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:pro curia inversique mores!
Hor. C. 3, 5, 7:pro scelus,
Mart. 2, 46, 8.—Parenthet.:(γ).pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui,
Ov. M. 13, 758:et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt,
id. H. 3, 98:tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus,
Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; cf.:(δ).pro deum atque hominum fidem!
id. And. 1, 5, 2; 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium!
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 4:pro deum atque hominum,
id. Hec. 2, 1, 1:pro fidem deum! facinus foedum,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 21.—With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin.
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