erudita

palabra culta, palabra erudita, cultismo.

obra erudita.

sabio, persona erudita.

falso erudito, falsa erudita, erudito a la violeta.

artĭfĭcĭum, ii, n. [artifex].

In gen., the occupation of an artifex, a profession, trade, an employment, a handicraft, an art:

Jam de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

ne opifices quidem tueri sua artificia possent, nisi, etc.,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

in artificio perquam tenui et levi (sc. scaenico),

id. de Or. 1, 28, 129:

sordidum ancillareque,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 58; so Tac. Or. 32; Sen. Ben. 6, 17: de hoc artificio est nobis acquisitio, * Vulg. Act. 19, 25:

non tu in isto artificio accusatorio callidior es quam hic in suo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 49 al. —

Esp.

Skill, knowledge, ingenuity in any thing:

simulacrum Dianae singulari opere artificioque perfectum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33; so id. ib. 2, 4, 21: quae certis signis artificii notata sunt, Auct. ad Her. 4, 4.—

Theory, system (cf. ars, I. C. 1.):

non esse eloquentiam ex artificio, sed artificium ex eloquentiā natum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 32, 146:

existimant artificium esse hoc quoddam non dissimile ceterorum, cujusmodi de ipso jure civili Crassus componi posse dicebat,

id. ib. 2, 19, 83: scientia cujusdam artificii non numquam dicitur prudentia, Auct. ad Her. 3, 2:

artificium memoriae,

mnemonics, id. ib. 4, 16.—

Skill serviceable in the attainment of any object, ingenuity, art, dexterity; and in a bad sense, craft, cunning, artifice (cf. ars, II.):

id ipsum, quod contra me locutus es, artificio quodam es consecutus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 74:

opus est non solum ingenio, verum etiam artificio quodam singulari,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 40 fin.:

vicinitas non assueta mendaciis, non fucosa, non fallax, non erudita artificio simulationis,

id. Planc. 9:

non virtute, neque in acie vicisse Romanos, sed artificio quodam et scientiā oppugnationis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 29: quorum artificiis effectum est, ut res publica in hunc statum perveniret, id. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, C. fin.

audĭo, īvi or ii, itum, 4, v. a. ( imperf. audibat, Ov F. 3, 507: audibant. Cat. 84, 8; fut. audibo, Enn. ap. Non. p. 506, 1:

audibis,

id. ib.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 86; id. Poen. 1, 2, 97; Caecil. ap. Gell. 7, 17 fin.; id. ap. Non. l. l.; cf. Struve, p. 137 sq.: audin = audisne, as ain = aisne; inf. perf. audīsse better than audivisse, acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 17) (cf. the Lacon. aus = hous; auris; Lith. ausis; Goth. auso; Germ. Ohr, and Engl ears [p. 202] the Fr. ouïr, and Lat. ausculto; Curtius also compares the Gr. aïô, to hear, perceive, and the Sanscr. av, to notice, to favor; v. ausculto, 1. aveo init., and cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 83 Müll.], to hear, to perceive or understand by hearing, to learn (audio pr. differs from ausculto as the Gr. akouô from akroaomai, the Germ. hören from horchen, and the Engl. to hear from to listen, the former of these words denoting an involuntary, the latter a voluntary act; other syn.: exaudio, sentio, cognosco, oboedio, dicor).

A.. In gen.

Aliquid:

auribus si parum audies terito cum vino brassicam, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 157 fin.:

ubi molarum strepitum audibis maximum, Enn. ap. Non. l. l. (Com. v. 7 Vahl. p. 153): verba,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 97; Vulg. Gen. 24, 30:

quae vera audivi, taceo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 23:

Mane, non dum audīsti, Demea, Quod est gravissumum,

id. Ad. 3, 4, 21:

vocem,

id. Hec. 4, 1, 2:

vera an falsa,

id. And. 5, 4, 19:

mixtos vagitibus aegris Ploratus,

Lucr. 2, 579:

voces,

Verg. A. 4, 439; Hor. C. 3, 7, 22; Vulg. Gen. 3, 8; ib. Matt. 2, 18:

strepitus,

Verg. A. 9, 394:

sonitum,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 31:

haec,

id. ib. 3, 27, 51:

aquas,

Ov. Am. 3, 11, 30:

gemitus,

id. M. 7, 839; Vulg. Exod. 2, 24: ait se omnia audivisse, Titinn. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12:

ut quod te audīsse dicis numquam audieris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285:

Nihil enim habeo praeter auditum,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33:

quod quisque eorum de quāque re audierit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 5:

Hac auditā pugnā maxima pars sese Crasso dedidit,

id. ib. 3, 27:

Auditis hostium copiis respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,

Liv. 42, 52, 10:

quod cum audīsset Abram,

Vulg. Gen. 14, 14:

auditis sermonibus,

ib. 4 Reg. 22, 19; ib. Heb. 4, 3: clangorem tubae, ib:

Isa. 18, 3: symphoniam,

ib. Luc. 15, 25:

animal,

ib. Apoc. 6, 3; 6, 5 al. persaep.

Constr., the person from whom one hears or learns any thing, with ex (so most freq.), ab, de, acc. and part., acc. and inf., cum or dum.

With ex:

verbum ex aliquo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 8; so id. And. 2, 1, 2; 5, 4, 24; id. Eun. 1, 2, 34; id. Hec. 4, 1, 35; id. And. 3, 3, 2:

audivi ex majoribus natu hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasicā,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

hoc ex aliis,

id. Att. 5, 17:

ex obviis,

Liv. 28, 26; so Suet. Caes. 29; id. Dom. 12 al.. saepe audivi ex majoribus natu mirari solitum C. Fabricium etc., Cic. Sen. 13, 43; so Suet. Claud. 15.—

With ab:

a quibus cum audi/sset non multum superesse munitionis,

Nep. Them. 7, 2.—

With de:

equidem saepe hoc audivi de patre et de socero meo,

i. e. from his mouth, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133; so id. Off. 3, 19, 77; id. Brut. 26, 100.—

With acc. and part. pres. (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §

636): ut neque eum querentem quisquam audierit neque etc.,

Nep. Timol. 4, 1; so Suet. Calig. 22; Cat. 9, 6; 61, 125; 67, 41 al.—

With acc. and inf.:

mihi non credo, quom illaec autumare illum audio,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 260:

Audin (eum) lapidem quaeritare?

id. Capt. 3, 4, 70:

erilem filium ejus duxisse audio Uxorem,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 5; 2, 1, 59:

saepe hoc majores natu dicere audivi,

Cic. Mur. 28:

Gellius audierat patruom objurgare solere,

Cat. 74, 1; Verg. A. 1, 20; 4, 562:

audiet cives acuisse ferrum, Audiet pugnas juventus,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 21 sq.:

audire videor pios Errare per lucos,

id. ib. 3, 4, 5. —Hence also pass. with nom. and inf. (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §

607): Bibulus nondum audiebatur esse in Syriā,

was said, Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Caes. B. G. 7, 79.—

With cum or dum (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §

749): id quidem saepe ex eo audivi, cum diceret sibi certum esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

quis umquam audivit, cum ego de me nisi coactus ac necessario dicerem?

id. Dom. 35; so id. Brut. 56; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. de Or. 1, 28, 129; 1, 2, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5:

auditus est certe, dum ex eo quaerit,

Suet. Dom. 4. —Diff. from the preced. constr. with de is audire de aliquo (aliquid); more freq. in pass. sense, to hear any thing concerning any one:

de psaltriā hac audivit,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 5:

illos etiam convenire aveo, de quibus audivi et legi,

Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Att. 7, 20; id. Ac. 2, 2, 4; cf.:

aliquid in aliquem,

to hear something against, something bad of any one, id. de Or. 2, 70, 285 al. —

In conversation.

Audi, as a call to gain attention, hear, attend, give ear, listen, = hoc age:

audi cetera,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 127:

audi heus tu,

id. ib. 4, 3, 52:

Dorio, audi, obsecro,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 1: Hoc audi, id. And. 3, 4, 11;

4, 1, 36: Quin tu audi,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 42:

quin tu hoc audi,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 9.—

Audis or audin = audisne? do you hear? atque audin? Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 70:

Equidem deciens dixi: Et domi [nunc] sum ego, inquam, ecquid audis?

id. Am. 2, 1, 27; id. Trin. 3, 2, 91:

Heus, audin quid ait? Quin fugis?

id. Capt. 3, 4, 60:

cura adversandum atque audin? quadrupedem constringito,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 24; 1, 5, 64:

Audin tu? Hic furti se adligat,

id. Eun. 4, 7, 39:

Audin quid dicam?

id. Hec. 1, 2, 3.—

Audito, with a clause for its subject, as abl. absol. in the histt., upon the receipt of the news that, at the tidings that: audito, Q. Marcium in Ciliciam tendere, when news came that Q. Marcius etc., Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 1130 P.:

audito Machanidam famā adventūs sui territum refugisse Lacedaemonem,

Liv. 28, 7:

audito venisse missu Agrippinae nuntium Agerinum,

Tac. A. 14, 7.—

Esp.,

1.. In a pregnant signif., to listen to a person or thing, to give ear to, hearken to, attend:

etsi a vobis sic audior, ut numquam benignius neque attentius quemquam auditum putem,

Cic. Clu. 23, 63; so id. de Or. 1, 61, 259:

sed non eis animis audiebantur, qui doceri possent,

Liv. 42, 48; 1, 32; 5, 6:

ut legationes audiret cubans,

Suet. Vesp. 24; id. Caes. 32; id. Ner. 22; 23; Vulg. Job. 11, 2; ib. Psa. 33, 12; ib. Matt. 10, 14; ib. Heb. 3, 7 al.—

Aliquem, of pupils, to hear a teacher, i. e. to receive instruction from, to study under:

te, Marce fili, annum jam audientem Cratippum,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 1:

Jam Polemonem audiverant adsidue Zeno et Arcesilas,

id. Ac. 1, 9, 34; so id. N. D. 1, 14, 37; 3, 1, 2; id. Fat. 2, 4:

Diogenes venientem eum, ut se extra ordinem audiret, non admiserat,

Suet. Tib. 32; id. Gram. 10, 20 al.— Absol.: possumne aliquid audire? (i. e. will you communicate something to me?) tu vero, inquam, vel audire vel dicere, Cic. Fat. 2, 3:

ponere aliquid, ad quod audiam, volo,

id. ib. 2, 4.—

De aliquā re or aliquid, aliquem, of judges, to listen or hearken to, to examine:

nemo illorum judicum clarissimis viris accusantibus audiendum sibi de ambitu putavit,

Cic. Fl. 39, 98:

de capite,

Sen. Ben. 2, 12 al. — Trop.:

de pace,

Liv. 27, 30:

dolos,

Verg. A. 6, 567:

nequissimum servum,

Suet. Dom. 11; so id. Aug. 93; id. Tib. 73; id. Claud. 15; id. Dom. 14; 16; Dig. 11, 3, 14 fin.; 28, 6, 10; 39, 2, 18 et saep.—

Of prayer or entreaty, to hear, listen to, lend an ear to, regard, grant:

in quo di immortales meas preces audiverunt,

Cic. Pis. 19:

Curio ubi... neque cohortationes suas neque preces audiri intellegit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 42:

velut si sensisset auditas preces,

Liv. 1, 12:

audivit orationem eorum,

Vulg. Psa. 105, 44:

audisti verba oris mei,

ib. ib. 137, 1:

Audiat aversā non meus aure deus,

Tib. 3, 3, 28:

audiit et caeli Genitor de parte serenā Intonuit laevum,

Verg. A. 9, 630:

minus audientem carmina Vestam,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 27; 4, 13, 1:

audivit Dominus,

Vulg. Psa. 29, 11 al. —Also aliquem, to hear one, to grant his desire or prayer:

puellas ter vocata audis,

Hor. C. 3, 22, 3; so id. C. S. 34; 35:

Ferreus orantem nequiquam, janitor, audis,

Ov. Am. 1, 6, 27; id. M. 8, 598 al.:

Audi nos, domine,

Vulg. Gen. 23, 6; 23, 8:

semper me audis,

ib. Joan. 11, 42.—

Aliquem, aliquid, or absol. audio, to hear a person or thing with approbation, to assent to, agree with, approve, grant, allow:

nec Homerum audio, qui Ganymeden ab dis raptum ait, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 65:

Socratem audio dicentem cibi condimentum esse famem, sed qui ad voluptatem omnia referens vivit ut Gallonius, non audio,

id. Fin. 2, 28, 90; id. de Or. 1, 15, 68; 3, 28, 83; id. Marcell. 8, 25: audio ( I grant it, well, that I agree to, that is granted):

nunc dicis aliquid, quod ad rem pertineat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 2, 59; 2, 5, 27:

non audio,

that I do not grant, id. ib. 2, 3, 34.—

To hear, to listen to, to obey, heed; orig. and class. only with acc., but also with dat.—

With acc.:

tecum loquere, te adhibe in consilium, te audi, tibi obtempera,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2; id. N. D. 1, 20, 55:

ne ego sapientiam istam, quamvis sit erudita, non audiam,

id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

si me audiatis, priusquam dedantur, etc.,

Liv. 9, 9:

Non, si me satis audias, Speres etc.,

Hor. C.1, 13, 13; 4, 14, 50; id. Ep. 1, 1, 48:

patris aut matris imperium,

Vulg. Deut. 21, 18 al. — Poet. transf. to inanimate things:

neque audit currus habenas,

heeds, Verg. G. 1, 514; so Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 187 (cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 13: equi frenato est auris in ore; and Pind. Pyth. 2, 21: harmata peisichalina):

nec minus incerta (sagitta) est, nec quae magis audiat arcum,

which better heeds the bow, Ov. M. 5, 382:

teque languenti manu Non audit arcus?

Sen. Herc. Oet. 980; so Stat. Th. 5, 412; Luc. 3, 594; 9, 931; Sil. 14, 392.—

With dat.: nam istis qui linguam avium intellegunt, magis audiendum censeo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57, 131 (B. and K. isti):

sibi audire,

App. Mag. p. 326, 34; so, dicto audientem esse, to listen to one's word, to be obedient to one's word, to obey (not in Ter.):

dicto sum audiens,

I obey, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Trin. 4, 3, 55; id. As. 3, 1, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 89:

qui dicto audientes in tantā re non fuisset,

Cic. Deiot. 8, 23 ' sunt illi quidem dicto audientes, id. Verr. 1, 88:

quos dicto audientes jussi,

id. ib. 5, 104.—And, on account of the signif. to obey, with a second personal dat.: dicto audientem esse alicui, to obey one (freq. and class.); cf.

Stallb. ad Rudd. Gr. II. p. 124, n. 38: vilicus domino dicto audiens sit,

Cato, R. R. 142: si habes, qui te audiat;

si potest tibi dicto audiens esse quisquam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 44; 2, 4. 12; 2, 5, 32; id. Phil. 7, 2:

dicto audiens fuit jussis absentium magistratuum,

Nep. Ages. 4, 2; id. Lys. 1, 2; id. Iphicr. 2, 1:

interim Servio Tullio jubere populum dicto audientem esse,

Liv. 1, 41; 4, 26; 29, 20;

41, 10 al.—Once pleon. with oboedio: ne plebs nobis dicto audiens atque oboediens sit,

Liv. 5, 3.—

To hear thus and thus, i. e. to be named or styled somehow (as in Gr. akouô; and in Engl. to hear, as Milton: Or hear'st thou rather pure ethereal stream, P. L. III. 7); and with bene or male (as in Gr. kalôs or kakôs akouein; cf. Milton: For which Britain hears ill abroad, Areop.; and Spenser: If old Aveugles sonnes so evil hear, F. Q. I. 5, 23), to be in good or bad repute, to be praised or blamed, to have a good or bad character:

benedictis si certāsset, audīsset bene (Bene audire est bene dici, laudari, Don.),

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20:

tu recte vivis, si curas esse quod audis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 17:

rexque paterque Audisti coram,

id. ib. 1, 7, 38; so id. S. 2, 6, 20; Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1; id. Fin. 3, 17, 57; id. Leg. 1, 19; Nep. Dion, 7, 3:

Ille, qui jejunus a quibusdam et aridus habetur, non aliter ab ipsis inimicis male audire quam nimiis floribus et ingenii afluentia potuit,

Quint. 12, 10, 13 al. —In a play upon words: erat surdaster M. Crassus;

sed aliud molestius quod male audiebat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 116; so,

minus commode: quod illorum culpā se minus commode audire arbitrarentur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58.—

As it were to hear, to hear mentally, i. e. to understand, to supply, something (later subaudio): cum subtractum verbum aliquod satis ex ceteris intellegitur, ut, stupere gaudio Graecus. Simul enim auditur coepit, is understood, is to be supplied, Quint. 9, 3, 58; 8, 5, 12.—Hence, audĭens, entis, P. a. subst.

(Acc. to II. A.) A hearer, auditor ( = auditor, q. v., or qui audit, Cic. Brut. 80, 276)' ad animos audientium permovendos, Cic. Brut. 23, 89; 80, 279:

cum adsensu audientium egit,

Liv. 21, 10 al. —Hence, in eccl. Lat., a catechumen, Tert. Poen. 6.—

(Acc. to II. C.) With the gen.: tibi servio atque audiens sum imperii, a hearer of, i. e. obedient to, your command, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 25.

fallax, ācis ( gen. plur. fallacium, Cic. Lael. 25, 91 al.;

but fallacum,

Cat. 30, 4), adj. [fallo], deceitful, deceptive, fallacious (class.; esp. freq. in Cic.;

syn.: captiosus, fraudulentus, subdolus, dolosus, vafer, astutus, callidus): age, barbari (astrologi) vani atque fallaces: num etiam Graiorum historia mentita est?

Cic. Div. 1, 19, 37:

levium hominum atque fallacium,

id. Lael. 25, 91;

for which: facta impia fallacum hominum,

Cat. 30, 4:

vicinitas non assueta mendaciis, non fucosa, non fallax, non erudita artificio simulationis,

Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

posita fallacis imagine tauri,

Ov. M. 3, 1 et saep.—Of inanim. and abstr. things:

ut tamquam in herbis non fallacibus fructus appareat,

Cic. Lael. 19, 68:

(with fucosae) merces,

id. Rab. Post. 14, 40:

arva,

Ov. A. A. 1, 401:

siliquae,

Verg. G. 1, 195:

austri,

id. A. 5, 850:

herba veneni,

id. E. 4, 24:

vada,

Plin. 5, 31, 34, § 128:

genus tutius sed magis fallax (sc. venandi),

more uncertain, id. 8, 8, 8, § 26 et saep.:

spe falsa atque fallaci,

Cic. Phil. 12, 2 fin.; so,

spes,

id. Mil. 34, 94:

et captiosae interrogationes,

id. Ac. 2, 15, 46:

imitatio simulatioque virtutis,

id. ib. 2, 46, 140:

malitia est versuta et fallax nocendi ratio,

id. N. D. 3, 30, 75.—Prov.: fallaces sunt rerum species, Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.— Comp.:

fallacior undis,

Ov. M. 13, 799:

quid enim fallacius illis (vocibus)?

id. R. Am. 687.— Sup.:

oculorum fallacissimo sensu judicare,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

With gen.:

homines amicitiae fallaces,

Tac. A. 16, 32.—

With dat.:

Planasia navigiis fallax,

Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80.—Hence, adv.: fallācĭter, deceitfully, fallaciously (cf.:

falso, perperam): ratio hoc postulat, ne quid insidiose, ne quid simulate, ne quid fallaciter,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; id. Div. 1, 18, 35; id. Part. Or. 25, 90.— Sup.:

fallacissime,

Plin. 12, 16, 35, § 71.

fūcōsus, a, um, adj. [id.], painted, colored, beautified, counterfeit, spurious (Ciceron.):

visae merces, fallaces quidem et fucosae, chartis et linteis et vitro delatae,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 40:

vicinitas non assueta mendaciis, non fucosa, non fallax, non erudita artificio simulationis,

id. Planc. 7, 22:

ambitiosae fucosaeque amicitiae,

id. Att. 1, 18, 2.

† fūcus, i, m., = phukos, rock-lichen, orchil, used as a red dye for woollen goods, Lichen roccella, Linn., Plin. 26, 10, 66, § 103 sq.:

ut lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet,

Quint. 12, 10, 75.—

Transf., red or purple color.

In gen.:

infici vestes scimus admirabili fuco,

Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 3; Hor. C. 3, 5, 28; id. Ep. 1, 10, 27 Orell. ad loc.; Ov. M. 6, 222 al.—

In partic.

Rouge, paint for the complexion:

vetulae, quae vitia corporis fuco occulunt,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118:

si caeruleo quaedam sua tempora fuco tinxerit,

Prop. 2, 18, 31 (3, 11, 10 M.):

mangones colorem fuco, et rerum robur inani sagina mentiantur,

Quint. 2, 15, 25.—

Dross, alloy, adulteration:

adulteratur (sal) rubrica aut testa trita, qui fucus aqua deprehenditur diluente,

Plin. 31, 7, 42, § 91.—

For propolis (q. v.), the reddish juice with which bees stop up the entrances to their hive, bee-glue, Verg. G. 4, 39. —

Trop., pretence, disguise, deceit, dissimulation:

his tribus figuris insidere quidam venustatis non fuco illitus, sed sanguine diffusus debet color,

Cic. de Or. 3, 52, 199; cf.:

sententiae tam verae, tam novae, tam sine pigmentis fucoque puerili,

id. ib. 2, 45, 188:

fuco ementitus color,

Quint. 8, 3, 6:

in oratoris aut in poëtae cincinnis ac fuco,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 100:

mercem sine fucis gestat,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:

nec sycophantiis nec fucis ullum mantellum obviam est,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 6:

sine fuco ac fallaciis,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1: deum sese in hominem convertisse... fucum factum mulieri, i. e. to deceive, impose upon (vulg.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 41:

si eum, qui tibi promiserit, audieris fucum, ut dicitur, facere velle aut senseris,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 35.

ōrātĭo, ōnis, f. [oro], a speaking, speech, discourse, language

In gen., the connection of words to express thought:

non est autem in verbo modus hic, sed in oratione, id est, in continuatione verborum,

Cic. 3, 42, 167.

Speech, the power or faculty of speech, the habit or use of language:

quae (ferae) sunt rationis et orationis expertes,

Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50:

natura vi rationis hominem conciliat homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem,

id. ib. 1, 4, 12.—

Speech, language, utterance; opp. to fact, action, etc.:

lenitudo orationis, mollitudo corporis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

idque videns Epicurus re tollit, oratione relinquit deos,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

qui sunt leves locutores... eorum orationem bene existimatum est in ore nasci, non in pectore,

Gell. 1, 15, 1:

nam quid te igitur rettulit beneficum esse oratione, si ad rem auxilium emortuum est,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 19:

ut in vitā, sic in oratione, nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre,

Cic. Or. 21, 70: qualis homo ipse esset, talem ejus esse orationem;

orationi autem facta similia, factis vitam,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 47:

partes igitur orationis secundum dialecticos duae, nomen et verbum,

parts of speech, Prisc. 2, 4, 15.—

Hence, a mode of speaking; a kind, manner, style of speech; language:

quin tu istanc orationem hinc veterem atque antiquam amoves. Nam proletario sermone nunc utere,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 155: nam opulenti cum loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3: quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit, id. ap. Non. p. 512, 8:

aliam nunc mihi orationem despoliato praedicas,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 52: Creta est profecto horum hominum oratio, quam orationem [p. 1275] hanc aures dulce devorant, id. Poen. 5, 2, 9:

(Andria et Perinthia) non ita sunt dissimili argumento, sed tamen Dissimili oratione,

Ter. And. prol. 11.—Esp. (in gram.): oratio obliqua, indirect speech, the use of dependent clauses in citing the language of others:

quam (orationem) obliquam Pompeius Trogus exposuit (opp. to conciones directae),

Just. 38, 3, 11.—Hence,

Mode of speech, language, use of language, style:

mollis est enim oratio philosophorum,

Cic. Or. 19, 64:

(fabulae) tenui oratione et scripturā levi,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 5:

ut Stoicorum est astrictior oratio aliquantoque contractior, quam aures populi requirunt, sic illorum (Peripateticorum) liberior et latior, quam patitur consuetudo judiciorum et fori,

Cic. Brut. 31, 120:

orationem Latinam efficies profecto legendis nostris pleniorem,

id. Off. 1, 1, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 1.—

Esp., the language of any people or nation:

Timaeus in historiis quas oratione Graecā composuit,

Gell. 11, 1, 1:

semper cum Graecis Latina (exempla) conjunxi... ut par sis in utriusque orationis facultate,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 1.—

In partic., formal language, artificial discourse, set speech (opp. to sermo, ordinary speech, conversational language):

mollis est oratio philosophorum et umbratilis, nec verbis instructa popularibus nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius: itaque sermo potiusquam oratio dicitur. Quamquam enim omnis locutio oratio est, tamen unius oratoris locutio hoc proprio dignata nomine est,

Cic. Or. 19, 64; cf.:

et quoniam magna vis orationis est eaque duplex, altera contentionis, altera sermonis, contentio disceptationibus tribuatur judiciorum, contionum, senatus, sermo in circulis, disputationibus, congressionibus familiarium versetur, sequatur etiam convivia,

id. Off. 1, 37, 132.—Hence,

A set speech, harangue, discourse, oration:

(oratio) ut gravis, ut suavis, ut erudita sit, ut liberalis, ut polita, ut sensus, ut doloris habeat quantum opus sit, non est singulorum articulorum: in toto spectantur haec corpore, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 96; cf.

the context: illam orationem disertam sibi et oratoriam videri, fortem et virilem non videri,

id. ib. 1, 54, 231:

hanc habere orationem mecum principio institit,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 21:

pleraeque scribuntur orationes habitae jam, non ut habeantur,

Cic. Brut. 24, 91:

non est haec oratio habenda apud imperitam multitudinem,

id. Mur. 29, 61:

ignarus faciundae ac poliendae orationis,

id. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

in orationibus hisce ipsis judiciorum, contionum, senatus,

id. ib. 1, 16, 73:

quanta illa, di immortales, fuit gravitas, quanta in oratione majestas! sed adfuistis, et est in manibus oratio,

id. Lael. 25, 96:

qui orationem adversus rem publicam habuissent, eorum bona in publicum adducebat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 5:

ab adulescentiā confecit orationes,

Nep. Cat. 3, 3:

Catonis aliae acerbae orationes extant, etc.,

Liv. 39, 42, 6:

oratio plebi acceptior,

id. 3, 69:

accurata et polita,

Cic. Brut. 95, 326:

longa,

Liv. 34, 5:

acris et vehemens,

Quint. 5, 13, 25:

admirabilis,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 94:

angusta et concisa, opp. collata et diffusa,

id. Or. 56, 187:

aspera, tristis, horrida, neque perfecta neque conclusa, opp. laevis et structa et terminata,

id. ib. 5, 20:

circumcisa et brevis,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 4:

rotunda et undique circumcisa,

Quint. 8, 5, 27:

cohaerens,

Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 173:

concinna,

id. ib. 3, 25, 98:

stabilis, opp. volubilis,

id. Or. 56, 187.—

Transf.

The power of oratory, eloquence:

tantam vim habet illa, quae recte a bono poëtā dicta est, flexamina atque omnium regina rerum oratio, ut non modo inclinantem excipere aut stantem inclinare, sed etiam adversantem ac repugnantem ut imperator fortis ac bonus capere possit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187:

satis in eo fuisse orationis atque ingenii,

id. Brut. 45, 165:

non enim verendum est ne te in tam bonā causā deficiat oratio,

Lact. 2, 3.—

Prose (opp. to poetry):

et in poëmatis et in oratione,

Cic. Or. 21, 70.—

(In gram.) A sentence, a clause expressing a complete sense:

oratio est ordinatio dictionum congrua sententiam perfectam demonstrans,

Prisc. 2, 4, 15:

oratio dicitur liber rhetoricus, necnon unaquaeque dictio hoc saepe nomine nuncupatur cum plenam ostendit sententiam,

id. ib.: defectio litterae, et syllabae, et dictionis, et orationis, id. 17, 1, 5.—

(Under the empire.) An imperial message, rescript:

orationes ad senatum missae,

Suet. Ner. 15:

oratio principis per quaestorem ejus audita est,

Tac. A. 16, 27:

orationesque in senatu recitaret etiam quaestoris vice,

Suet. Tit. 6; cf. id. Aug. 65.—

A prayer, an address to the Deity (eccl. Lat.):

respice ad orationem servi tui,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 8, 28:

per orationes Dominum rogantes,

id. 2 Macc. 10, 16:

pernoctans in oratione Dei,

id. Luc. 6, 12.—Also absol., prayer, the habit or practice of prayer:

perseverantes in oratione,

Vulg. Act. 1, 14:

orationi instate,

id. Col. 4, 2; cf. Gell. 13, 22, 1.

orbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [orbus], to deprive or bereave of parents, children, or other dear persons; to make fatherless, motherless, childless, etc. (class.; syn.: privo, viduo).

Lit.:

filio orbatus,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 30:

mater orbata filio,

id. Clu. 15, 45:

orbatura patres fulmina,

Ov. M. 2, 391.—Of animals:

catulo lactente orbata leaena,

Ov. M. 13, 547.—

Transf., in gen., to deprive, bereave, strip of any (esp. a precious) thing: pater me lumine orbavit, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 250 P. (Trag. v. 351 Vahl.):

Italiam juventute,

Cic. Pis. 24, 57:

patria multis claris viris orbata,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

sensibus,

id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

tantā gloriā orbatus,

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

ferum voce eruditā spoliatum atque orbatum,

id. Brut. 2, 6.— Poet.:

orbatae caligant vela carinae,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 138.

pălātum, i, n., and (rarely) pălātus, i, m. [perh. from root pa-of pasco], the palate.

Lit.:

suave domini,

Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 7:

nec enim sequitur, ut, cui cor sapiat, ei non sapiat palatus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

quae (voluptas) palato percipiatur,

id. ib. 2, 10, 29:

boum dare membra palato,

Ov. M. 15, 141:

subtile palatum,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 38:

nigra subest udo tantum cui lingua palato,

Verg. G. 3, 388; Ov. Am. 2, 6, 47; cf.:

cum balba feris annoso verba palato,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 274:

torpente palato,

Juv. 10, 203.—In plur.:

palata docta et erudita,

Col. 8, 16, 4.—

Trop., the palate, as the organ of taste and judgment:

(Epicurus) dum palato quid sit optimum judicat,

Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 49:

orationis condimentum, quod sentitur latente judicio velut palato,

Quint. 6, 3, 19.—

Transf. (of the form of the palate), a vault: caeli, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 38 (Enn. p. 177, n. 19 Vahl.).

pulvis, ĕris (nom. pulver, App. Herb. 35; Theod. Prisc. 1, 30; 2, 32; cf. Prisc. p. 707 P.), m. ( fem., Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11 sq.; Prop. 1, 22, 6; 2, 13, 35 (3, 5, 19);

and also,

masc., id. 1, 17, 23; 1, 19, 6; 4 (5), 9, 31).

Lit., dust, powder: jamque fere pulvis ad caelum vasta videtur, Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11 (Ann. v. 286 Vahl.): fulva, id. ap. Non. 217, 13 (Ann. v. 319 ib.):

si multus erat in calceis pulvis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Lucr. 3, 381:

pulveris nebula,

id. 5, 254:

Romani pulveris vim magnam animadvortunt,

Sall. J. 53, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

qui (ventus) nubes pulveris vehit,

Liv. 22, 43:

prospectum oculorum nubes pulveris abstulerat,

Curt. 4, 15, 32; 5, 13, 12; Sil. 2, 174:

subitam nigro glomerari pulvere nubem Prospiciunt,

Verg. A. 9, 33:

pulvis collectus turbine,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 31:

pulverem Olympicum Collegisse,

id. C. 1, 1, 3:

crinis pulvere collines,

id. ib. 1, 15, 20:

pulvere sparsi juvenes,

Phaedr. 4, 24, 22:

tum caeco pulvere campus Miscetur,

Verg. A. 12, 444:

pulverem excutere,

Ov. A. A. 1, 150:

sedare,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 18:

movere,

Quint. 5, 10, 81:

excitare,

Col. Arb. 12:

glaebam in pulverem resolvere,

id. 11, 2, 60: eruditus, the dust or sand in which mathematicians drew their figures, Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 48; cf. id. Tusc. 5, 23, 64:

formas in pulvere describere,

Liv. 25, 31; Pers. 1, 131:

amomi,

dust, powder, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 69:

carbonis,

coal-dust, id. A. A. 3, 628. — Poet.:

Etrusca,

i. e. soil, Prop. 1, 22, 6; so of potters' earth, Mart. 14, 1021; 1141; of volcanic ashes:

Puteolanus,

pozzolana, Stat. S. 4, 3, 53; Sen. Q. N. 3, 20, 3; Plin. 35, 13, 47, § 166.—Of the dust or ashes of the dead:

pulvis et umbra sumus,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 16 al.; cf.:

pulvis es et in pulverem reverteris,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 19:

hibernus,

i. e. a dry winter, Verg. G. 1, 101.—Esp.: pulvis belli, war:

formosus pulvere belli,

Mart. 8, 65, 3:

duces Non indecoro pulvere sordidi,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 22:

in pulverem Martium tractus,

Amm. 16, 1, 5:

exercitus pulvere coalitus Martio,

id. 21, 12, 22.—In plur.:

novendiales,

Hor. Epod. 17, 48:

cineris pulveres,

Pall. 3, 25, 14 (cf. id. 11, 14, 15):

pulverum mole degravante,

Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 83; cf. Gell. 19, 8, 13:

natio ad pulveres Martios erudita,

Amm. 23, 6, 83.—Prov.: sulcos in pulvere ducere, to draw furrows in the sand, i. e. to give one's self useless trouble, Juv. 7, 48: pulverem ob oculos aspergere, to throw dust in one's eyes, i. e. to deceive, Gell. 5, 21, 4.—

Transf.

A place of contest, arena, lists: domitant in pulvere currus, Verg. A. 7, 163; Mart. 12, 83.—

In gen., a scene of action, field (cf. arena):

doctrinam ex umbraculis eruditorum in solem atque pulverem produxit,

i. e. before the public, Cic. Leg. 3, 6, 14; cf. Hor. C. 1, 8, 4:

educenda dictio est in agmen, in pulverem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

forensis pulvis,

Quint. 10, 1, 33:

inque suo noster pulvere currat equus,

on his own field, within his own territory, Ov. F. 2, 360.—

Toil, effort, labor ( poet.):

cui sit condicio dulcis sine pulvere palmae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 51.

spŏlĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [spolium], to strip, to deprive of covering, rob of clothing.

In gen. (rare but class.; syn. exuo): Phalarim vestitu spoliare, Cic. Off. 3, 6, 29:

consules spoliari hominem et virgas expediri jubent,

Liv. 2, 55 Drak.; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

Papirius spoliari magistrum equitum ac virgas et secures expediri jussit,

Liv. 8, 32; cf.

also,

Val. Max. 2, 7, 8:

corpus caesi hostis,

Liv. 7, 26:

cadaver,

Luc. 7, 627:

Gallum caesum torque,

Liv. 6, 42:

corpus jacentis uno torque,

id. 7, 10:

jacentem veste,

Nep. Thras. 2, 6:

folliculos leguminum,

to strip off, Petr. 135.—

Pregn., to rob, plunder, pillage, spoil; to deprive, despoil; usually: aliquem (aliquid) aliquā re, to deprive or rob one of something (the predominant signif. of the word; syn. praedor).

With acc.:

Chrysalus me miserum spoliavit,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 8:

meos perduelles,

id. Ps. 2, 1, 8:

spoliatis effossisque domibus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42 fin.:

fana sociorum,

Cic. Sull. 25, 71:

delubra,

Sall. C. 11, 6:

templa,

Luc. 3, 167; 5, 305:

pars spoliant aras,

Verg. A. 5, 661:

deos,

Luc. 1, 379; Quint. 6, 1, 3:

spoliare et nudare monumenta antiquissima,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

pudicitiam,

id. Cael. 18, 42:

dignitatem,

id. ib. 2, 3:

spoliata fortuna,

id. Pis. 16, 38.—

Aliquem (aliquid) aliquā re:

spoliatur lumine terra,

Lucr. 4, 377:

caput,

i. e. of hair, Petr. 108:

spoliari fortunis,

Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

Apollonium omni argento spoliasti ac depeculatus es,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

ut Gallia omni nobilitate spoliaretur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6:

provinciam vetere exercitu,

Liv. 40, 35:

spoliata armis navis,

Verg. A. 6, 353:

magistro,

id. ib. 5, 224:

corpus spoliatum lumine,

id. ib. 12, 935:

Scylla sociis spoliavit Ulixen,

Ov. M. 14, 71:

penetralia donis,

id. ib. 12, 246;

11, 514: te spoliare pudicā Conjuge,

id. P. 4, 11, 8:

ea philosophia, quae spoliat nos judicio, privat approbatione, omnibus orbat sensibus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 61:

regem regno,

id. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

aliquem dignitate,

id. Mur. 41, 88; Caes. B. G. 7, 66:

probatum hominem famā,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77:

aliquem ornamento quodam,

id. de Or. 2, 33, 144:

aliquem vitā,

Verg. A. 6, 168:

spoliare atque orbare forum voce eruditā,

Cic. Brut. 2, 6 et saep.:

juris civilis scientiam, ornatu suo spoliare atque denudare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235.—

In a Greek construction:

hiems spoliata capillos,

stripped of his locks, Ov. M. 15, 213.—

Absol.:

si spoliorum causā vis hominem occidere, spoliasti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145.—Hence, * spŏlĭātus, a, um, P. a., plundered, despoiled:

nihil illo regno spoliatius,

more impoverished, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4.

erudito [eruˈdiːto]

sost f начетен човек