electrical+works

1 to work, to run (machine).

funciona a pilas it works o runs off batteries

no funciona out of order (en letrero)

El motor anda bien The engine is working well.

2 to work for.

Me funcionó la idea The idea worked for me.

* * *

► verbo intransitivo

1 (desempeñar una función) to work, function

■ funciona con gasolina/diesel it runs on petrol/diesel

\

hacer funcionar algo to operate something

'No funciona' "Out of order"

* * *

1) to function

2) run, work

* * *

1) [aparato, mecanismo] to work; [motor] to work, run; [sistema] to work, function

2) [plan, método] to work; [negocio, película] to be a success

* * *

verbo intransitivo aparato/máquina to work; servicio to operate

* * *

= be operational, be operative, function, operate, perform, work, be in working order, tick, do + the trick.

Ex. ORBIT has been operational since 1972, and has around seventy data bases mounted.

Ex. Sometimes truncation may be operative on both ends of a stem.

Ex. The DOBIS/LIBIS allows both the library and the computer center to function efficiently and at a lower cost by sharing one system.

Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.

Ex. The advanced arithmetical machines of the future will be electrical in nature, and they will perform at 100 times present speeds, or more.

Ex. Files only work effectively for a limited number of documents.

Ex. It is therefore a point of wisdom to ensure beforehand that everything is in the best possible working order.

Ex. The article 'Is your infrastructure ticking?' discusses the issues associated with managing information technology (IT) infrastructure in large organizations.

Ex. We are currently in the process of looking at two products that seem to do the trick.

----

* dejar de funcionar = go down, cease to + function, go + belly up, flake out, go + dead, pack up.

* empezar a funcionar = become + operational, get off + the ground, get + rolling, get + things going, get + things rolling, go + live, get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling.

* forma de funcionar = business model.

* funcionar además como = double as, double up as.

* funcionar a las mil maravillas = work + a treat, work like + a charm, go like + a charm.

* funcionar al máximo = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.

* funcionar a plena capacidad = be fully into + Posesivo + stride.

* funcionar a tope = stretch + Nombre + to the limit.

* funcionar bien = be in order.

* funcionar con dificultad = labour [labor, -USA].

* funcionar conjuntamente = work together, interwork.

* funcionar con pérdidas = run + at a loss.

* funcionar de lo lindo = work like + a charm, go like + a charm.

* funcionar de un modo autónomo = operate under + an autonomous hand.

* funcionar en/a = run over.

* funcionar mal = malfunction.

* funcionar mejor = work + best, do + best.

* funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work to + a rota system, work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.

* funcionar recíprocamente = work + both ways.

* funcionar también como = double as, double up as.

* hacer Algo funcionar = make + Nombre + tick.

* hacer funcionar = service, do + the trick.

* hacer que Algo empiece a funcionar = get + Nombre + off the ground.

* hacer que Algo funcione = make + Nombre + spin.

* mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + it rolling.

* máquina que funciona con monedas = coin-operated machine.

* no funcionar = be out of order.

* programa + dejar de funcionar = programme + crash.

* que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.

* que funciona con electricidad = electrically-powered, electrically-operated.

* que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.

* que funciona con monedas = coin-operated, coin-op.

* que funciona con vapor = steam-powered.

* que funciona manualmente = manually operated.

* sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.

* volver a funcionar = be back in business.

* * *

verbo intransitivo aparato/máquina to work; servicio to operate

* * *

* * *

funcionar [A1 ]

to work

el reloj funciona a la perfección the clock works perfectly

¿cómo funciona este cacharro? how does this thing work?

[ S ] no funciona out of order

la relación no funcionaba their relationship wasn't working (out) ( colloq)

el servicio no puede funcionar con tan poco personal the service cannot operate o function with so few staff

funciona con pilas it works on o runs off batteries

* * *

◊ funcionar con pilas/gasolina to run off batteries/on gasoline

* * *

funcionar vi

to work;

el sistema funciona de maravilla the system works superbly;

funciona con gasolina it runs on Br petrol o US gasoline;

funciona a o [m5] con pilas it uses o runs off batteries, it's battery-powered;

no funciona [en letrero] out of order;

su matrimonio no está funcionando their marriage isn't working (out);

conmigo los lloros no funcionan you won't get anywhere with me by crying

* * *

v/i work;

no funciona out of order

* * *

funcionar vi

1) : to function

2) : to run, to work

* * *

funcionar vb

1. (en general) to work

2. (ir) to run [pt. ran; pp. run]

absolutely everything, everything under the sun, everything, every little bit.

* * *

= anything and everything, the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel

Ex. For instance, if children are doing a project work on dogs, they will hunt out anything and everything that so much as mentions them and the bits thus mined are assiduously transcribed into project folders.

Ex. The jet ultimately shot up fully vertically -- at which point the wings snapped off and the whole works careened down into the ocean.

Ex. Here the goal was to use classical and quantum physics along with particle physics to describe aspects of the astrophysical universe, i.e. the whole shebang.

Ex. You have to remember that everything and the kitchen sink has been thrown at stimulating this economy and the jobs picture still remains weak.

Ex. Many of the building blocks for this infrastructure are already in place, but the whole enchilada is far from finished.

Ex. To get the whole kit and caboodle working required degrees in electrical engineering and computer science.

Ex. They're going to have department stores, and restaurants, and movie theatres, and bowling alleys, the whole nine yards, and Heaven knows what else.

Ex. Which means I'd give the whole shooting match just to be back where I was before I quit sleeping under the stars and come into the hen-coops.

Ex. Finally, the big bang theory posits that our universe began from nothing, that the whole banana started from zero within what's called a true vacuum.

Ex. They then moved out of London to a council house in Basingstoke and they still live in it, but they own it now, lock, stock and barrel.

* * *

= the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel

Ex. The jet ultimately shot up fully vertically -- at which point the wings snapped off and the whole works careened down into the ocean.

Ex. Here the goal was to use classical and quantum physics along with particle physics to describe aspects of the astrophysical universe, i.e. the whole shebang.

Ex. You have to remember that everything and the kitchen sink has been thrown at stimulating this economy and the jobs picture still remains weak.

Ex. Many of the building blocks for this infrastructure are already in place, but the whole enchilada is far from finished.

Ex. To get the whole kit and caboodle working required degrees in electrical engineering and computer science.

Ex. They're going to have department stores, and restaurants, and movie theatres, and bowling alleys, the whole nine yards, and Heaven knows what else.

Ex. Which means I'd give the whole shooting match just to be back where I was before I quit sleeping under the stars and come into the hen-coops.

Ex. Finally, the big bang theory posits that our universe began from nothing, that the whole banana started from zero within what's called a true vacuum.

Ex. They then moved out of London to a council house in Basingstoke and they still live in it, but they own it now, lock, stock and barrel.

* * *

= the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel

Ex. The jet ultimately shot up fully vertically -- at which point the wings snapped off and the whole works careened down into the ocean.

Ex. Here the goal was to use classical and quantum physics along with particle physics to describe aspects of the astrophysical universe, i.e. the whole shebang.

Ex. You have to remember that everything and the kitchen sink has been thrown at stimulating this economy and the jobs picture still remains weak.

Ex. Many of the building blocks for this infrastructure are already in place, but the whole enchilada is far from finished.

Ex. To get the whole kit and caboodle working required degrees in electrical engineering and computer science.

Ex. They're going to have department stores, and restaurants, and movie theatres, and bowling alleys, the whole nine yards, and Heaven knows what else.

Ex. Which means I'd give the whole shooting match just to be back where I was before I quit sleeping under the stars and come into the hen-coops.

Ex. Finally, the big bang theory posits that our universe began from nothing, that the whole banana started from zero within what's called a true vacuum.

Ex. They then moved out of London to a council house in Basingstoke and they still live in it, but they own it now, lock, stock and barrel.

* * *

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Public utilities

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After attending Owens College, Manchester, Hopkinson was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1867 to read for the Mathematical Tripos. An appointment in 1872 with the lighthouse department of the Chance Optical Works in Birmingham directed his attention to electrical engineering. His most noteworthy contribution to lighthouse engineering was an optical system to produce flashing lights that distinguished between individual beacons. His extensive researches on the dielectric properties of glass were recognized when he was elected to a Fellowship of the Royal Society at the age of 29. Moving to London in 1877 he became established as a consulting engineer at a time when electricity supply was about to begin on a commercial scale. During the remainder of his life, Hopkinson's researches resulted in fundamental contributions to electrical engineering practice, dynamo design and alternating current machine theory. In making a critical study of the Edison dynamo he developed the principle of the magnetic circuit, a concept also arrived at by Gisbert Kapp around the same time. Hopkinson's improvement of the Edison dynamo by reducing the length of the field magnets almost doubled its output. In 1890, in addition to-his consulting practice, Hopkinson accepted a post as the first Professor of Electrical Engineering and Head of the Siemens laboratory recently established at King's College, London. Although he was not involved in lecturing, the position gave him the necessary facilities and staff and student assistance to continue his researches. Hopkinson was consulted on many proposals for electric traction and electricity supply, including schemes in London, Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds. He also advised Mather and Platt when they were acting as contractors for the locomotives and generating plant for the City and South London tube railway. As early as 1882 he considered that an ideal method of charging for the supply of electricity should be based on a two-part tariff, with a charge related to maximum demand together with a charge for energy supplied. Hopkinson was one the foremost expert witnesses of his day in patent actions and was himself the patentee of over forty inventions, of which the three-wire system of distribution and the series-parallel connection of traction motors were his most successful. Jointly with his brother Edward, John Hopkinson communicated the outcome of his investigations to the Royal Society in a paper entitled "Dynamo Electric Machinery" in 1886. In this he also described the later widely used "back to back" test for determining the characteristics of two identical machines. His interest in electrical machines led him to more fundamental research on magnetic materials, including the phenomenon of recalescence and the disappearance of magnetism at a well-defined temperature. For his work on the magnetic properties of iron, in 1890 he was awarded the Royal Society Royal Medal. He was a member of the Alpine Club and a pioneer of rock climbing in Britain; he died, together with three of his children, in a climbing accident.

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SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Photography, film and optics

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Paul was educated at the City of London School and Finsbury Technical College. He worked first for a short time in the Bell Telephone Works in Antwerp, Belgium, and then in the electrical instrument shop of Elliott Brothers in the Strand until 1891, when he opened an instrument-making business at 44 Hatton Garden, London. He specialized in the design and manufacture of electrical instruments, including the Ayrton Mather galvanometer. In 1902, with a purpose-built factory, he began large batch production of his instruments. He also opened a factory in New York, where uncalibrated instruments from England were calibrated for American customers. In 1903 Paul introduced the Unipivot galvanometer, in which the coil was supported at the centre of gravity of the moving system on a single pivot. The pivotal friction was less than in a conventional instrument and could be used without accurate levelling, the sensitivity being far beyond that of any pivoted galvanometer then in existence.

In 1894 Paul was asked by two entrepreneurs to make copies of Edison's kinetoscope, the pioneering peep-show moving-picture viewer, which had just arrived in London. Discovering that Edison had omitted to patent the machine in England, and observing that there was considerable demand for the machine from show-people, he began production, making six before the end of the year. Altogether, he made about sixty-six units, some of which were exported. Although Edison's machine was not patented, his films were certainly copyrighted, so Paul now needed a cinematographic camera to make new subjects for his customers. Early in 1895 he came into contact with Birt Acres, who was also working on the design of a movie camera. Acres's design was somewhat impractical, but Paul constructed a working model with which Acres filmed the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race on 30 March, and the Derby at Epsom on 29 May. Paul was unhappy with the inefficient design, and developed a new intermittent mechanism based on the principle of the Maltese cross. Despite having signed a ten-year agreement with Paul, Acres split with him on 12 July 1895, after having unilaterally patented their original camera design on 27 May. By the early weeks of 1896, Paul had developed a projector mechanism that also used the Maltese cross and which he demonstrated at the Finsbury Technical College on 20 February 1896. His Theatrograph was intended for sale, and was shown in a number of venues in London during March, notably at the Alhambra Theatre in Leicester Square. There the renamed Animatographe was used to show, among other subjects, the Derby of 1896, which was won by the Prince of Wales's horse "Persimmon" and the film of which was shown the next day to enthusiastic crowds. The production of films turned out to be quite profitable: in the first year of the business, from March 1896, Paul made a net profit of £12,838 on a capital outlay of about £1,000. By the end of the year there were at least five shows running in London that were using Paul's projectors and screening films made by him or his staff.

Paul played a major part in establishing the film business in England through his readiness to sell apparatus at a time when most of his rivals reserved their equipment for sole exploitation. He went on to become a leading producer of films, specializing in trick effects, many of which he pioneered. He was affectionately known in the trade as "Daddy Paul", truly considered to be the "father" of the British film industry. He continued to appreciate fully the possibilities of cinematography for scientific work, and in collaboration with Professor Silvanus P.Thompson films were made to illustrate various phenomena to students.

Paul ended his involvement with film making in 1910 to concentrate on his instrument business; on his retirement in 1920, this was amalgamated with the Cambridge Instrument Company. In his will he left shares valued at over £100,000 to form the R.W.Paul Instrument Fund, to be administered by the Institution of Electrical Engineers, of which he had been a member since 1887. The fund was to provide instruments of an unusual nature to assist physical research.

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BC / GW

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

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Hadfield's father, Robert, set up a steelworks in Sheffield in 1872, one of the earliest to specialize in steel castings. After his education in Sheffield, during which he showed an interest in chemistry, Hadfield entered his father's works. His first act was to set up a laboratory, where he began systematically experimenting with alloy steels in order to improve the quality of the products of the family firm. In 1883 Hadfield found that by increasing the manganese content to 12.5 per cent, with a carbon content of 1.4 per cent, the resulting alloy showed extraordinary resistance to abrasive wear even though it was quite soft. It was soon applied in railway points and crossings, crushing and grinding machinery, and wherever great resistance to wear is required. Its lack of brittleness led to its use in steel helmets during the First World War. Hadfield's manganese steel was also non-magnetic, which was later of importance in the electrical industry. Hadfield's other great invention was that of silicon steel. Again after careful and systematic laboratory work, Hadfield found that a steel containing 3–4 per cent silicon and as little as possible of other elements was highly magnetic, which was to prove important in the electrical industry (e.g. reducing the weight and bulk of electrical transformers). Hadfield took over the firm on the death of his father in 1888, but he continued to lay great stress on the need for laboratory research to improve the quality and range of products. The steel-casting side of the business led to a flourishing armaments industry, and this, together with their expertise in alloy steels, made Hadfield's one of the great names in Sheffield and British steel until, sadly, it succumbed along with so many other illustrious names during the British economic recession of 1983. Hadfield had a keen interest in metallurgical history, particularly in his characteristically thorough examination of the alloys of iron prepared by Faraday at the Royal Institution. Hadfield was an enlightened employer and was one of the first to introduce the eight-hour day.

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SUBJECT AREA: Electricity

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Kapp entered the Polytechnic School in Zurich in 1869 and gained a mechanical engineering diploma. He became a member of the engineering staff at the Vienna International Exhibition of 1873, and then spent some time in the Austrian navy before entering the service of Gwynne \& Co. of London, where he designed centrifugal pumps and gas exhausters. Kapp resolved to become an electrical engineer after a visit to the Paris Electrical Exhibition of 1881 and in the following year was appointed Manager of the Crompton Co. works at Chelmsford. There he developed and patented the dynamo with compound field winding. Also at that time, with Crompton, he patented electrical measuring instruments with over-saturated electromagnets. He became a naturalized British subject in 1881.

In 1886 Kapp's most influential paper was published. This described his concept of the magnetic circuit, providing for the first time a sound theoretical basis for dynamo design. The theory was also developed independently by J. Hopkinson. After commencing practice as a consulting engineer in 1884 he carried out design work on dynamos and also electricity-supply and -traction schemes in Germany, Italy, Norway, Russia and Switzerland. From 1891 to 1894 much of his time was spent designing a new generating station in Bristol, officially as Assistant to W.H. Preece. There followed an appointment in Germany as General Secretary of the Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker. For some years he edited the Electrotechnische Zeitschrift and was also a part-time lecturer at the Charlottenberg Technical High School in Berlin. In 1904 Kapp was invited to accept the new Chair of Electrical Engineering at the University of Birmingham, which he occupied until 1919. He was the author of several books on electrical machine and transformer design.

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SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Telecommunications

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Brought up in poor, almost Dickensian, circumstances, at the age of 13 years Heaviside, a nephew by marriage of Sir Charles Wheatstone, went to Camden House Grammar School. There he won a medal for science, but he was forced to leave because his parents could not afford the fees. After a year of private study, he began his working life in Newcastle in 1870 as a telegraph operator for an Anglo-Dutch cable company, but he had to give up after only four years because of increasing deafness. He therefore proceeded to spend his time studying theoretical aspects of electrical transmission and communication, and moved to Devon with his parents in 1889. Because the operation of many electrical circuits involves transient phenomena, he found it necessary to develop what he called operational calculus (which was essentially a form of the Laplace transform calculus) in order to determine the response to sudden voltage and current changes. In 1893 he suggested that the distortion that occurred on long-distance telephone lines could be reduced by adding loading coils at regular intervals, thus creating a matched-transmission line. Between 1893 and 1912 he produced a series of writings on electromagnetic theory, in one of which, anticipating a conclusion of Einstein's special theory of relativity, he put forward the idea that the mass of an electric charge increases with its velocity. When it was found that despite the curvature of the earth it was possible to communicate over very great distances using radio signals in the so-called "short" wavebands, Heaviside suggested the presence of a conducting layer in the ionosphere that reflected the waves back to earth. Since a similar suggestion had been made almost at the same time by Arthur Kennelly of Harvard, this layer became known as the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.

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See also: Appleton, Sir Edward Victor

1) (a person who designs, makes, or works with, machinery: an electrical engineer.) ingeniør; montør; tekniker

2) ((usually civil engineer) a person who designs, constructs, or maintains roads, railways, bridges, sewers etc.) civilingeniør

3) (an officer who manages a ship's engines.) maskinmester

4) ((American) an engine-driver.) lokomotivfører; lokofører

* * *

1) (a person who designs, makes, or works with, machinery: an electrical engineer.) ingeniør; montør; tekniker

2) ((usually civil engineer) a person who designs, constructs, or maintains roads, railways, bridges, sewers etc.) civilingeniør

3) (an officer who manages a ship's engines.) maskinmester

4) ((American) an engine-driver.) lokomotivfører; lokofører

indolent, lazy.

indolent person, lotus-eater.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 indolent

* * *

ADJ (=perezoso) indolent, lazy; (=abúlico) apathetic; (=lánguido) listless

* * *

adjetivo lazy, slack, indolent

* * *

= indolent, insensible.

Ex. The average man is by nature indolent; he works as little as possible = El ciudadano medio es perezoso por naturaleza; trabaja lo menos posible.

Ex. Electrical stunning renders an animal instantly insensible by inducing a grand mal epileptic seizure.

* * *

adjetivo lazy, slack, indolent

* * *

* * *

lazy, slack, indolent

* * *

* * *

indolente adj

indolent

* * *

adj lazy, indolent

* * *

indolente adj

: indolent, lazy

badly, wickedly, wrongly.

Estar malamente de dinero to be badly off for money

Haces las cosas mal siempre! You always do things badly!

* * *

1) * (=mal) badly

2) (=difícilmente)

* * *

adverbio ( apenas) hardly, only just; ( mal) badly

* * *

= poorly, badly, execrably, dismally.

Ex. A poorly structured scheme requires the exercise of a good deal of initiative on the part of the indexer in order to overcome or avoid the poor structure.

Ex. School classrooms are sometimes extraordinarily badly designed with poor acoustics, ineffective blackout facilities, and notoriously eccentric electrical outlets.

Ex. Their work has been chronicled by Boyd Rayward in a readable (but execrably printed) work.

Ex. The results suggest that works of fiction were generally well represented but that classics in the other fields were dismally underrepresented.

* * *

adverbio ( apenas) hardly, only just; ( mal) badly

* * *

* * *

el sueldo le llega malamente hasta fin de mes his salary hardly o barely o only just lasts him to the end of the month

se ha adaptado malamente a la situación she hasn't adapted well to the situation

* * *

malamente adv

1. [muy mal] badly;

todo acabó malamente it all ended badly

2. [difícilmente] hardly;

malamente te pudo llamar sin saber tu número she could hardly have called o Br rung you if she didn't have your number

very badly, abysmally, terribly.

* * *

► adverbio

1 dreadfully

* * *

ADV awfully, dreadfully

* * *

adverbio terribly, dreadfully

* * *

= badly, dismally, appallingly, wretchedly, disastrously.

Ex. School classrooms are sometimes extraordinarily badly designed with poor acoustics, ineffective blackout facilities, and notoriously eccentric electrical outlets.

Ex. The results suggest that works of fiction were generally well represented but that classics in the other fields were dismally underrepresented.

Ex. Albert Einstein quote -- It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.

Ex. In 1897 he quit a wretchedly underpaid job and set out to make his fortune as a prospector in the gemstone fields of Alice Springs.

Ex. I love movies like that -- where slowly, gradually, bit by bit, all the characters realize that the villain was really disastrously mendacious and criminal.

* * *

adverbio terribly, dreadfully

* * *

* * *

terribly, dreadfully, abominably ( frml)

* * *

pésimamente adv

terribly, awfully

electrical equipment (noun)

* * *

1) General subject: arrangement, arrangements for (+gerund), device, gear, how something works, how something works, machine, mechanical, mechanism, (например, часов) motor, wheel, works (особ. часов), machinery, wheels

2) Computers: engine, procedure

3) Naval: works

4) Medicine: mechanism (напр. передачи инфекции)

5) Military: antenna positioning mechanism, gear, modality, operationality

6) Engineering: action (работы), motion

7) General subject: working part

8) Railway term: outfit, piece of apparatus

9) Economy: hierarchy

10) Accounting: gear (напр. экономического развития), tool (напр. спроса и предложения)

11) Diplomatic term: tool (спроса и предложения)

12) Forestry: apparatus, unit

13) Psychology: sexual behavior mechanism

14) Textile: box

15) Jargon: gadget (в том числе предназначение и устройство которого неизвестно)

16) Information technology: work

17) Oil: mechanics, mechanism (действия)

18) Mechanic engineering: control (подачи)

19) Silicates: mechanism (схема действия)

20) Patents: means (в общем случае термин означает сочетание для осуществления требуемого действия и в соединении с определяющим словом служит для расширения объема формулы изобретения)

21) Business: tool

22) Drilling: dodge, movement

23) EBRD: facility, framework, vehicle

24) Polymers: assembly, means, system, tackle

25) Automation: convenience

26) Robots: mechanism (действие)

27) Makarov: a piece of machinery, craft, machine (организационный аппарат), movement (измерительного прибора), piece of machinery, plant, wheelwork

28) Bicycle: mech (переключателя)

29) Electrical engineering: (электрическая) machine

1) (a person who designs, makes, or works with, machinery: an electrical engineer.) ingeniero, técnico

2) ((usually civil engineer) a person who designs, constructs, or maintains roads, railways, bridges, sewers etc.) ingeniero civil

3) (an officer who manages a ship's engines.) ingeniero naval

4) ((American) an engine-driver.) maquinista

engineer n ingeniero / técnico

tr[enʤɪ'nɪə^SMALLr/SMALL]

noun

1 (graduate) ingeniero,-a; (technician) técnico,-a

2 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL maquinista nombre masulino o femenino

transitive verb

1 (contrive) maquinar, tramar, urdir

■ you engineered the whole thing tú lo maquinaste todo

2 (plan as engineer) crear por ingeniería

\

Royal Engineers Cuerpo de Ingenieros

engineer [.ɛnʤə'nɪr] vt

1) : diseñar, construir (un sistema, un mecanismo, etc.)

2) contrive: maquinar, tramar, fraguar

engineer n

1) : ingeniero m, -ra f

2) : maquinista mf (de locomotoras)

engineer (Train)

• maquinista (Tren) s.f.

• ingeniero, -era s.m.,f.

• mecánico s.m.

• gestionar v.

1)

a) ( graduate) ingeniero, -ra m,f

b) ( in factory) (BrE) oficial, -ciala m,f

c) ( for maintenance) (BrE) técnico mf, ingeniero, -ra m,f (Méx)

2) (AmE Rail) maquinista mf

transitive verb \<\<plan\>\> urdir, tramar; \<\<defeat/downfall\>\> fraguar*

N ingeniero(-a) m / f ; (for repairs) técnico(-a) m / f ; (US) (Rail) maquinista mf

VT (=contrive) [+ plan] maquinar; [+ meeting] organizar

* * *

1)

a) ( graduate) ingeniero, -ra m,f

b) ( in factory) (BrE) oficial, -ciala m,f

c) ( for maintenance) (BrE) técnico mf, ingeniero, -ra m,f (Méx)

2) (AmE Rail) maquinista mf

transitive verb \<\<plan\>\> urdir, tramar; \<\<defeat/downfall\>\> fraguar*

c black équipement [ekipmɑ̃]

   a. ( = matériel) equipment

c black   b. ( = aménagement) équipement électrique electrical fittings

• équipement hôtelier hotel facilities

• équipement industriel industrial plant

• équipements collectifs [de ville, région] community facilities

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit sans e après le p.

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nom masculin

1) ( matériel) (d'usine, de cuisine) equipment; ( de sportif) kit

2) ( infrastructure)

3) ( processus) ( d'armée) equipping; (de soldat, sportif) kitting out

* * *

1. nm

1) (= matériel) equipment, (de sportif) gear, equipment

2) (= infrastructures, routes) facilities pl

3) (le fait d'équiper) [sportifs] kitting out

2. équipements nmpl

* * *

équipement nm

1 ( matériel) (d'usine, de cuisine, laboratoire) equipment; ( de sportif) kit, gear;

2 ( installation) équipements facilities (pl); équipement portuaire port facilities; équipements scolaires/sociaux/sportifs school/social/sports facilities; équipement hôtelier d'une station accommodation facilities of a resort;

3 ( processus) ( d'armée) equipping; (de soldat, sportif) kitting out; l'équipement de la région a coûté trois millions d’euros improving the region's facilities cost three million euros.

équipement automobile car accessories; équipement de bord on-board equipment; équipement électrique ( de véhicule) electrics (pl); ( de maison) electrical fittings (pl); équipements collectifs public facilities; équipements spéciaux Aut bad weather equipment.

[ekipmɑ̃] nom masculin

1. [matériel - léger] equipment, supplies ; [ - lourd] equipment

a. AUTOMOBILE [pneus] snow tyres

b. [chaînes] chains

2. [panoplie] kit, gear

3. [infrastructure]

4. [fait de pourvoir]

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity

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When he was 14 years old Davenport was apprenticed to a blacksmith for seven years. At the close of his apprenticeship in 1823 he opened a blacksmith's shop in Brandon, Vermont. He began experimenting with electromagnets after observing one in use at the Penfield Iron Works at Crown Point, New York, in 1831. He saw the device as a possible source of power and by July 1834 had constructed his first electric motor. Having totally abandoned his regular business, Davenport built and exhibited a number of miniature machines; he utilized an electric motor to propel a model car around a circular track in 1836, and this became the first recorded instance of an electric railway. An application for a patent and a model were destroyed in a fire at the United States Patent Office in December 1836, but a second application was made and Davenport received a patent the following year for Improvements in Propelling Machinery by Magnetism and Electromagnetism. A British patent was also obtained. A workshop and laboratory were established in New York, but Davenport had little financial backing for his experiments. He built a total of over one hundred motors but was defeated by the inability to obtain an inexpensive source of power. Using an electric motor of his own design to operate a printing press in 1840, he undertook the publication of a journal, The Electromagnet and Mechanics' Intelligencer. This was the first American periodical on electricity, but it was discontinued after a few issues. In failing health he retired to Vermont where in the last year of his life he continued experiments in electromagnetism.

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SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Public utilities

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After an education at Nunhead Grammar School, Hammond founded engineering businesses in Middlesbrough and London. Obtaining the first concession from the Anglo- American Brush Company for the exploitation of their system in Britain, he was instrumental in popularizing the Brush arc-lighting generator. Schemes using this system, which he established at Chesterfield, Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings in 1881–2, were the earliest public electricity-supply ventures in Britain. On the invention of the incandescent lamp, high-voltage Brush dynamos were employed to operate both arc and incandescent lamps. The limitations of this arrangement led Hammond to become the sole agent for the Ferranti alternator, introduced in 1882. Commencing practice as a consulting engineer, Hammond was responsible for the construction of many electricity works in the United Kingdom, of which the most notable were those at Leeds, Hackney (London) and Dublin, in addition to many abroad. Appreciating the need for trained engineers for the new electrical industry and profession then being created, in 1882 he established the Hammond Electrical Engineering College. Later, in association with Francis Ince, he founded Faraday House, a training school that pioneered the concept of "sandwich courses" for engineers. Between 1883 and 1903 he paid several visits to the United States to study developments in electric traction and was one of the advisers to the Postmaster General on the acquisition of the telephone companies.

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SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport

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Royce was the younger son of a flour miller. His father's death forced him to earn his own living from the age of 10 selling newspapers, as a post office messenger boy, and in other jobs. At the age of 14, he became an apprentice at the Great Northern Railway's locomotive works, but was unable to complete his apprenticeship due to a shortage of money. He moved to a tool company in Leeds, then in 1882 he became a tester for the London Electric Light \& Power Company and attended classes at the City \& Guilds Technical College. In the same year, the company made him Chief Electrical Engineer for the lighting of the streets of Liverpool.

In 1884, at the age of 21, he founded F.H. Royce \& Co (later called Royce Ltd, from 1894 to 1933) with a capital of £70, manufacturing arc lamps, dynamos and electric cranes. In 1903, he bought a 10 hp Deauville car which proved noisy and unreliable; he therefore designed his own car. By the end of 1903 he had produced a twocylinder engine which ran for many hundreds of hours driving dynamos; on 31 March 1904, a 10 hp Royce car was driven smoothly and silently from the works in Cooke Street, Manchester. This car so impressed Charles S. Rolls, whose London firm were agents for high-class continental cars, that he agreed to take the entire output from the Manchester works. In 1906 they jointly formed Rolls-Royce Ltd and at the end of that year Royce produced the first 40/50 hp Silver Ghost, which remained in production until 1925 when it was replaced by the Phantom and Wraith. The demand for the cars grew so great that in 1908 manufacture was transferred to a new factory in Derby.

In 1911 Royce had a breakdown due to overwork and his lack of attention to taking regular meals. From that time he never returned to the works but continued in charge of design from a drawing office in his home in the south of France and later at West Wittering, Sussex, England. During the First World War he designed the Falcon, Hawk and Condor engines as well as the VI2 Eagle, all of which were liquid-cooled. Later he designed the 36.7-litre Rolls-Royce R engines for the Vickers Supermarine S.6 and S.6B seaplanes which were entered for the Schneider Trophy (which they won in 1929 and 1931, the 5.5 having won in 1927 with a Napier Lion engine) and set a world speed record of 408 mph (657 km/h) in 1931; the 1941 Griffon engine was derived from the R.

Royce was an improver rather than an innovator, though he did invent a silent form of valve gear, a friction-damped slipper flywheel, the Royce carburettor and a spring drive for timing gears. He was a modest man with a remarkable memory who concentrated on perfecting the detail of every component. He married Minnie Punt, but they had no children. A bust of him at the Derby factory is captioned simply "Henry Royce, Mechanic".

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