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21 system
система; комплекс; средство; способ; метод; сеть (напр. дорог) ;aiming-navigation system (analog, digital) — прицельно-навигационная система (аналоговая, цифровая)
air observation, acquisition and fire control system — (бортовая) система воздушной разведки, засечки целей и управления огнем
air support aircraft ECM (equipment) system — (бортовая) система РЭП для самолетов авиационной поддержки
airborne (ground) target acquisition and illumination laser system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и подсветки (наземных) целей
airborne (ground) targeting and laser designator system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и целеуказания (наземных целей)
airborne laser illumination, ranging and tracking system — ав. бортовая система лазерной подсветки, определения дальности и сопровождения цели
artillery (nuclear) delivery system — артиллерийская система доставки (ядерного) боеприпаса (к цели)
C2 system — система оперативного управления; система руководства и управления
C3 system — система руководства, управления и связи; система оперативного управления и связи
channel and message switching (automatic) communications system — АСС с коммутацией каналов и сообщений
country-fair type rotation system (of instruction) — метод одновременного обучения [опроса] нескольких учебных групп (переходящих от одного объекта изучения к другому)
dual-capable (conventional/nuclear) weapon delivery system — система доставки (обычного или ядерного) боеприпаса к цели
electromagnetic emitters identification, location and suppression system — система обнаружения, опознавания и подавления источников электромагнитных излучений [излучающих РЭС]
field antimissile (missile) system — полевой [войсковой] ПРК
fire-on-the-move (air defense) gun system — подвижный зенитный артиллерийский комплекс для стрельбы в движении [на ходу]
fluidic (missile) control system — ркт. гидравлическая [струйная] система управления полетом
forward (area) air defense system — система ПВО передового района; ЗРК для войсковой ПВО передового района
graduated (availability) operational readiness system — Бр. система поэтапной боевой готовности (частей и соединений)
high-resolution satellite IR detection, tracking and targeting system — спутниковая система с ИК аппаратурой высокой разрешающей способности для обнаружения, сопровождения целей и наведения средств поражения
ICBM (alarm and) early warning satellite system — спутниковая система обнаружения пусков МБР и раннего предупреждения (средств ПРО)
information storage, tracking and retrieval system — система накопления, хранения и поиска информации
instantaneous grenade launcher (armored vehicle) smoke system — гранатомет (БМ) для быстрой постановки дымовой завесы
Precision Location [Locator] (and) Strike system — высокоточная система обеспечения обнаружения и поражения целей; высокоточный разведывательно-ударный комплекс
rapid deceleration (parachute) delivery system — парашютная система выброски грузов с быстрым торможением
real time, high-resolution reconnaissance satellite system — спутниковая разведывательная система с высокой разрешающей способностью аппаратуры и передачей информации в реальном масштабе времени
received signal-oriented (output) jamming signal power-adjusting ECM system — система РЭП с автоматическим регулированием уровня помех в зависимости от мощности принимаемого сигнала
sea-based nuclear (weapon) delivery system — система морского базирования доставки ядерного боеприпаса к цели
small surface-to-air ship self-defense (missile) system — ЗРК ближнего действия для самообороны корабля
Status Control, Alerting and Reporting system — система оповещения, контроля и уточнения состояния [боевой готовности] сил и средств
surface missile (weapon) system — наземный [корабельный] РК
target acquisition, rapid designation and precise aiming system — комплекс аппаратуры обнаружения цели, быстрого целеуказания и точного прицеливания
— ABM defense system— antimissile missile system— central weapon system— countersurprise military system— laser surveying system— tank weapon system— vertical launching system— weapons system -
22 Portuguese Communist Party
(PCP)The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) has evolved from its early anarcho-syndicalist roots at its formation in 1921. This evolution included the undisciplined years of the 1920s, during which bolshevization began and continued into the 1930s, then through the years of clandestine existence during the Estado Novo, the Stalinization of the 1940s, the "anarcho-liberal shift" of the 1950s, the emergence of Maoist and Trotskyist splinter groups of the 1960s, to legalization after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 as the strongest and oldest political party in Portugal. Documents from the Russian archives have shown that the PCP's history is not a purely "domestic" one. While the PCP was born on its own without Soviet assistance, once it joined the Communist International (CI), it lost a significant amount of autonomy as CI officials increasingly meddled in PCP internal politics by dictating policy, manipulating leadership elections, and often financing party activities.Early Portuguese communism was a mix of communist ideological strands accustomed to a spirited internal debate, a lively external debate with its rivals, and a loose organizational structure. The PCP, during its early years, was weak in grassroots membership and was basically a party of "notables." It was predominantly a male organization, with minuscule female participation. It was also primarily an urban party concentrated in Lisbon. The PCP membership declined from 3,000 in 1923 to only 40 in 1928.In 1929, the party was reorganized so that it could survive clandestinely. As its activity progressed in the 1930s, a long period of instability dominated its leadership organs as a result of repression, imprisonments, and disorganization. The CI continued to intervene in party affairs through the 1930s, until the PCP was expelled from the CI in 1938-39, apparently because of its conduct during police arrests.The years of 1939-41 were difficult ones for the party, not only because of increased domestic repression but also because of internal party splits provoked by the Nazi-Soviet pact and other foreign actions. From 1940 to 1941, two Communist parties struggled to attract the support of the CI and accused each other of "revisionism." The CI was disbanded in 1943, and the PCP was not accepted back into the international communist family until its recognition by the Cominform in 1947.The reorganization of 1940-41 finally put the PCP under the firm control of orthodox communists who viewed socialism from a Soviet perspective. Although Soviet support was denied the newly reorganized party at first, the new leaders continued its Stalinization. The enforcement of "democratic centralism" and insistence upon the "dictatorship of the proletariat" became entrenched. The 1940s brought increased growth, as the party reached its membership apex of the clandestine era with 1,200 members in 1943, approximately 4,800 in 1946, and 7,000 in 1947.The party fell on hard times in the 1950s. It developed a bad case of paranoia, which led to a witch hunt for infiltrators, informers, and spies in all ranks of the party. The lower membership figures who followed the united antifascist period were reduced further through expulsions of the "traitors." By 1951, the party had been reduced to only 1,000 members. It became a closed, sectarian, suspicious, and paranoiac organization, with diminished strength in almost every region, except in the Alentejo, where the party, through propaganda and ideology more than organizational strength, was able to mobilize strikes of landless peasants in the early 1950s.On 3 January 1960, Álvaro Cunhal and nine other political prisoners made a spectacular escape from the Peniche prison and fled the country. Soon after this escape, Cunhal was elected secretary-general and, with other top leaders, directed the PCP from exile. Trotskyite and Maoist fractions emerged within the party in the 1960s, strengthened by the ideological developments in the international communist movement, such as in China and Cuba. The PCP would not tolerate dissent or leftism and began purging the extreme left fractions.The PCP intensified its control of the labor movement after the more liberal syndical election regulations under Prime Minister Mar- cello Caetano allowed communists to run for leadership positions in the corporative unions. By 1973, there was general unrest in the labor movement due to deteriorating economic conditions brought on by the colonial wars, as well as by world economic pressures including the Arab oil boycott.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the PCP enjoyed a unique position: it was the only party to have survived the Estado Novo. It emerged from clandestinity as the best organized political party in Portugal with a leadership hardened by years in jail. Since then, despite the party's stubborn orthodoxy, it has consistently played an important role as a moderating force. As even the Socialist Party (PS) was swept up by the neoliberal tidal wave, albeit a more compassionate variant, increasingly the PCP has played a crucial role in ensuring that interests and perspectives of the traditional Left are aired.One of the most consistent planks of the PCP electoral platform has been opposition to every stage of European integration. The party has regularly resisted Portuguese membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and, following membership beginning in 1986, the party has regularly resisted further integration through the European Union (EU). A major argument has been that EU membership would not resolve Portugal's chronic economic problems but would only increase its dependence on the world. Ever since, the PCP has argued that its opposition to membership was correct and that further involvement with the EU would only result in further economic dependence and a consequent loss of Portuguese national sovereignty. Further, the party maintained that as Portugal's ties with the EU increased, the vulnerable agrarian sector in Portugal would risk further losses.Changes in PCP leadership may or may not alter the party's electoral position and role in the political system. As younger generations forget the uniqueness of the party's resistance to the Estado Novo, public images of PCP leadership will change. As the image of Álvaro Cunhal and other historical communist leaders slowly recedes, and the stature of Carlos Carvalhas (general secretary since 1992) and other moderate leaders is enhanced, the party's survival and legitimacy have strengthened. On 6 March 2001, the PCP celebrated its 80th anniversary.See also Left Bloc.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portuguese Communist Party
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23 well
I noun1) (water well, mineral spring) Brunnen, derII 1. interjection1) (expr. astonishment) mein Gott; meine Güte; nanuwell, well! — sieh mal einer an!
2) (expr. relief) mein Gott3) (expr. concession) na jawell then, let's say no more about it — schon gut, reden wir nicht mehr davon
4) (expr. resumption) nunwell [then], who was it? — nun, wer war's?
5) (expr. qualified recognition of point)well[, but]... — na ja, aber...; ja schon, aber...
6) (expr. resignation)[oh] well — nun denn
7) (expr. expectation)2. adverb,well [then]? — na?
1) (satisfactorily) gutdo well out of something — mit etwas ein gutes Geschäft machen
the patient is doing well — dem Patienten geht es gut
you did well to come — gut, dass du gekommen bist
didn't he do well! — hat er sich nicht gut geschlagen?
you would do well to... — Sie täten gut daran, zu...
you're well out of it — es ist gut, dass du damit nichts mehr zu tun hast
2) (thoroughly) gründlich [trocknen, polieren, schütteln]; tüchtig [verprügeln]; genau [beobachten]; gewissenhaft [urteilen]be well able to do something — durchaus od. sehr wohl in der Lage sein, etwas zu tun
I'm well aware of what has been going on — mir ist sehr wohl klar od. bewusst, was sich abgespielt hat
let or leave well alone — sich zufrieden geben
well out of sight — (very far off) völlig außer Sichtweite (of Gen.)
I know only too well how/what etc.... — ich weiß nur zu gut, wie/was usw....
3) (considerably) weitit was well on into the afternoon — es war schon spät am Nachmittag
he is well past or over retiring age — er hat schon längst das Rentenalter erreicht
he is well past or over forty — er ist weit über vierzig
be well away — (lit. or fig.) einen guten Vorsprung haben; (coll.): (be drunk) ziemlich benebelt sein (ugs.)
4) (approvingly, kindly) gut, anständig [jemanden behandeln]think well of somebody/something — eine gute Meinung von jemandem/etwas haben
speak well of somebody/something — sich positiv über jemanden/etwas äußern
5) (in all likelihood) sehr wohl6) (easily) ohne weiteresyou cannot very well refuse their help — du kannst ihre Hilfe nicht ohne weiteres od. nicht gut ausschlagen
7)as well — (in addition) auch; ebenfalls; (as much, not less truly) genauso; ebenso; (with equal reason) genauso gut; ebenso gut; (advisable) ratsam; (equally well) genauso gut
Coming for a drink? - I might as well — Kommst du mit, einen trinken? - Warum nicht?
that is [just] as well — (not regrettable) um so besser
it was just as well that I had... — zum Glück hatte ich...
A as well as B — B und auch [noch] A
3. adjectiveas well as helping or (coll.) help me, she continued her own work — sie half mir und machte dabei noch mit ihrer eigenen Arbeit weiter
1) (in good health) gesundHow are you feeling now? - Quite well, thank you — Wie fühlen Sie sich jetzt? - Ganz gut, danke
I am perfectly well — ich fühle mich bestens
2) pred. (satisfactory)I am very well where I am — ich bin hier sehr zufrieden
all's well that ends well — (prov.) Ende gut, alles gut
all is not well with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas ist etwas nicht in Ordnung
[that's all] well and good — [das ist alles] gut und schön
3) pred. (advisable) ratsam* * *(to have a good, or bad, opinion of: She thought highly of him and his poetry.) viel,etwas,wenig halten von* * *well1[wel]I. adj< better, best>1. (healthy) gesundare you \well? geht es dir gut?thank you, [I'm] very \well danke, [es geht mir] sehr gutI'm fairly/perfectly \well mir geht es einigermaßen/bestenshe hasn't been too \well lately ihm geht es in letzter Zeit nicht besonders gutyou're looking very \well today! Sie sehen heute blendend aus!to be alive and \well gesund und munter seinto feel \well sich akk gut [o wohl] fühlento get \well gesund werdenI hope you get \well soon ich hoffe, dass es dir bald wieder besser gehtget \well soon! gute Besserung!get \well card Genesungskarte fall \well at work? ist bei der Arbeit alles in Ordnung?all's \well here hier ist alles in Ordnungall is not \well at the office im Büro gibt es Problemenobody believes all is \well in our health service keiner glaubt, dass mit unserem Gesundheitswesen alles in Ordnung istall being \well, we should arrive on time wenn alles gutgeht, müssten wir pünktlich ankommenit's all very \well saying that [or for you to say that], but... du hast gut reden, aber...it's all very \well for you to laugh but... du hast gut lachen, aber...all's not \well with sb/sth mit jdm/etw steht es nicht zum Bestenall \well and good, all very \well gut und schönthat's all very \well but... das ist [ja] alles schön und gut, aber...electric heating is all very \well until there's a power cut elektrische Heizungen sind so weit ganz in Ordnung, es sei denn, es kommt zum Stromausfallit's just as \well that... es ist [nur] gut, dass...just as \well you're not here — you wouldn't like it [nur] gut, dass du nicht hier bist — es würde dir nicht gefallenit would be as \well to do sth es wäre [o ist] ratsam, etw zu tunit would be as \well to check the small print es ist ratsam, auch das Kleingedruckte zu überprüfen4.II. adv<better, best>1. (in a good way) gutyou speak English very \well du sprichst sehr gut Englischthey discussed the plans for two hours at considered it time \well spent sie diskutierten zwei Stunden lang die Pläne und waren der Meinung, diese Zeit sinnvoll genutzt zu haben\well spotted! gut aufgepasst!look at all those wine bottles! you certainly live \well! guck dir nur all die Weinflaschen an! du lässt es dir aber gutgehen![that was] \well put gut ausgedrückt\well done! gut gemacht!, super! famit's a job \well done! das wäre erledigt!to be money \well spent gut angelegtes Geld seinto do \well to do sth gut daran tun, etw zu tunas \well as sb/sth so gut wie jd/etwI can't do it as \well as Marie [can] ich kann es nicht so gut wie Marieshe can sing as \well as her sister [does] sie kann genauso gut singen wie ihre Schwesterthe concert was \well enough advertised but ticket sales were poor obwohl das Konzert ausreichend angekündigt war, wurden kaum Tickets verkaufthe plays the piano \well enough er spielt ganz gut Klavierpretty \well ganz gutto do \well for oneself erfolgreich seinto mean \well es gut meinen2. (favourably) guthis point was \well taken sein Beitrag wurde gut aufgenommento speak \well of sb/sth nur Gutes über jdn/etw sagento think \well of sb/sth viel von jdm/etw halten3. (thoroughly) gutto know sb \well jdn gut kennento cost \well over/under £ 100 weit über/unter 100 Pfund kostenthe results are \well above [our] expectations die Ergebnisse liegen weit über unseren Erwartungenstand \well clear of the doors halten Sie deutlich Abstand von den Türenkeep \well away from the edge of the cliff halten Sie sich weit vom Rand des Abhangs fernthey kept the crowd \well behind the white line sie hielten die Menge weit hinter der weißen Linie zurückI can \well believe it das glaube ich gernhe could \well imagine how... er konnte sich lebhaft vorstellen, wie...there are no buses after midnight, as you \well know du weißt doch, dass nach Mitternacht keine Busse mehr fahrenI \well remember the last time they visited us ( form) ich kann mich gut an ihren letzten Besuch erinnernto be \well able to do sth durchaus [o sehr wohl] in der Lage sein, etw zu tunto be \well over forty weit über vierzig seinto be \well worth it/an attempt es/einen Versuch wert sein\well and truly ganz einfachyou may \well ask! das kann man wohl fragen!where's Pete? — you may \well ask! he should have been here hours ago! wo ist Pete? — das kannst du laut fragen! er hätte schon seit Stunden hier sein sollen!I couldn't very \well refuse the offer ich konnte das Angebot ja wohl schlecht ablehnenhe may \well wonder why no one was there — he forgot to confirm the date er braucht sich [gar] nicht zu wundern, warum keiner da war — er hat vergessen, den Termin fest zu vereinbarenyou may \well think it was his fault es mag gut sein, dass es seine Schuld warit may \well be that... es ist gut möglich [o es kann gut sein], dass...he might \well be sick after that drinking spree es ist gut möglich, dass er nach dem Trinkgelage krank istit may \well be finished by tomorrow es kann gut sein, dass es morgen fertig istshe might \well be the best person to ask sie ist wahrscheinlich die Beste, die man fragen kannas \well auch; (and)... as \well as... und [auch]..., sowie gehinvite Emlyn — and Simon as \well lade Emlyn ein — und Simon auchI'll have the ice cream as \well as the cake ich nehme das Eis und auch den Kuchen[just] as \well ebenso gut [auch], eigentlich [auch]you might [just] as \well wash the dishes eigentlich könntest du das Geschirr abwaschenif you publish this, you may just as \well hand in your notice wenn du das veröffentlichst, kannst du ebenso gut auch gleich kündigen11.▶ to leave \well [AM enough] alone es lieber seinlassen▶ if you want a thing done \well, do it yourself ( saying) wenn du möchtest, dass etwas ordentlich erledigt wird, machst du es am besten selbstIII. interj (introducing, continuing a statement) nun [ja], also; (introducing a question) und; (showing hesitation, resignation) tja fam, na ja fam; (showing doubt, disagreement, annoyance) na fam; (showing surprise)\well [, \well]! sieh mal einer an!, na, so was!\well? what did you do next? und? was hast du dann gemacht?\well, \well... ja, ja...\well now [or then] ... also [dann]...oh \well, it doesn't matter ach [was], das macht doch nichtsvery \well... na gut...to wish sb \well jdm alles Gute [o jdm viel Glück] wünschenwell2[wel]I. nto drill a \well einen Brunnen bohrengas \well Gasbrunnen moil \well Ölquelle fto drill a \well einen Schacht bohren; (for oil) ein Bohrloch anlegenII. vitears \welled up in her eyes Tränen stiegen ihr in die Augen; ( fig)conflicting emotions \welled up in his heart widerstreitende Gefühle stiegen in seinem Herzen auf gehpride \welled up in his chest Stolz schwellte seine Brust geh[wi:l, wil]* * *I [wel]1. n1) (= water well) Brunnen m; (= oil well) Ölquelle f; (drilled) Bohrloch nt; (fig = source) Quelle fto sink a well — einen Brunnen bohren or anlegen or graben; (for oil) ein Bohrloch nt anlegen or vorantreiben
2) (= shaft) (for lift) Schacht m; (for stairs) Treppenschacht m; (down centre of staircase) Treppenhaus nt3) (of theatre) Parkett nt; (of auditorium) ebenerdiger Teil des Zuschauer-/Konferenz-/Versammlungsraums (Brit of court) Teil des Gerichtssaals, in dem die Rechtsanwälte und Protokollschreiber sitzen4) (= ink well) Tintenfass nt2. viquellen II comp better, superl best1. adv1) (= in a good or satisfactory manner) gutit is well painted (portrait) — es ist gut gemalt; (house, fence) es ist sauber or ordentlich angestrichen
he did it as well as he could/as I could have done — er machte es so gut er konnte/ebenso gut, wie ich es hätte machen können
he's doing well at school/in history — er ist gut or er kommt gut voran in der Schule/in Geschichte
mother and child are/the patient is doing well — Mutter und Kind/dem Patienten geht es gut, Mutter und Kind sind/der Patient ist wohlauf
if you do well you'll be promoted — wenn Sie sich bewähren, werden Sie befördert
you did well to help — du tatest gut daran zu helfen, es war gut, dass du geholfen hast
well done! — gut gemacht!, bravo!, sehr gut!
to do oneself well (inf) — es sich (dat) gut gehen lassen
everything went well/quite well — es ging alles gut or glatt (inf)/recht or ganz gut
2) (= favourably, fortunately) gutto speak/think well of sb — über jdn Gutes sagen/Positives denken, von jdm positiv sprechen/denken
to be well spoken of in certain circles/by one's colleagues — einen guten Ruf in gewissen Kreisen/bei seinen Kollegen haben
to do well out of sth — von etw ganz schön or ordentlich profitieren, bei etw gut wegkommen (inf)
you would do well to arrive early — Sie täten gut daran, früh zu kommen
are you coming? – I might as well — kommst du? – ach, könnte ich eigentlich (auch) (inf) or ach, warum nicht
3) (= thoroughly, considerably, to a great degree) gut, gründlichshake the bottle well (on medicine) —
he loved her too well to leave her (liter) — er liebte sie zu sehr, als dass er sie verlassen hätte
well and truly — (ganz) gründlich; married, settled in ganz richtig; (iro also) fest; westernized, conditioned
he was well away (inf) (= drunk) — er war in Fahrt or Schwung (inf) er hatte einen sitzen (inf)
well within... — durchaus in... (dat)
it continued well into 1996/the night — es zog sich bis weit ins Jahr 1996/in die Nacht hin
4) (= probably, reasonably) ohne Weiteres, gut, wohlI may well be late — es kann leicht or wohl or ohne Weiteres sein, dass ich spät komme
it may well be that... — es ist gut or wohl or ohne Weiteres möglich, dass...
she cried, as well she might — sie weinte, und das (auch) mit Grund or wozu sie auch allen Grund hatte
you may well ask! (iro) — das kann man wohl fragen
I couldn't very well stay — ich konnte schlecht bleiben, ich konnte wohl nicht mehr gut bleiben
5)(= in addition)
as well — auchx as well as y — x sowohl als auch y, x und auch y
6) (Brit inf= very)
well happy — total glücklich (inf)well annoyed — ganz schön verärgert (inf)
2. adj1) (= in good health) gesundI'm very well, thanks — danke, es geht mir sehr gut
he's not a well man — er ist gar nicht gesund
2) (= satisfactory, desirable, advantageous) gutall is not well with him/in the world — mit ihm/mit or in der Welt steht es nicht zum Besten
that's all very well, but... — das ist ja alles schön und gut, aber...
if that's the case, (all) well and good — wenn das der Fall ist, dann soll es mir recht sein
it's all very well for you to suggest... — Sie können leicht vorschlagen...
it's all very well for you, you don't have to... —
it was well for him that no-one found out — es war sein Glück, dass es niemand entdeckt hat
it would be as well to ask first — es wäre wohl besser or gescheiter (inf), sich erst mal zu erkundigen
it's just as well he came — es ist (nur or schon) gut, dass er gekommen ist
you're well out of that — seien Sie froh, dass Sie damit nichts mehr zu tun haben
all's well that ends well — Ende gut, alles gut
3. interjalso; (expectantly also) na; (doubtfully) na jawell, well!, well I never (did)! — also, so was!, na so was!
well now —
well, it was like this well there you are, that proves it! well, as I was saying — also, es war so or folgendermaßen na bitte or also bitte, das beweist es doch also, wie (bereits) gesagt
well then? — also (gut); (in question) na?, nun?, also?
very well then! — na gut, also gut!; (indignantly) also bitte (sehr)!
oh well, never mind — macht nichts
well, that's a relief! — na (also), das ist ja eine Erleichterung!
4. nGute(s) ntto wish sb well (in general) — jdm alles Gute wünschen; ( in an attempt, also iro ) jdm Glück wünschen (in bei)
I wish him well, but... — ich wünsche ihm nichts Böses, aber...
* * *well1 [wel] komp better [-betə(r)], sup best [best]A adv1. gut, wohl:a) gut versehen sein ( for mit),he is well off ihm geht es gut;do o.s. well, live well gut leben, es sich gut gehen lassen2. gut, recht, geschickt:well done! gut gemacht!, bravo!;well roared, lion! gut gebrüllt, Löwe!;sing well gut singen3. gut, günstig, vorteilhaft:a) gut abschneiden,b) Glück haben;if all goes well wenn alles gut geht, wenn nichts dazwischenkommt4. gut, freundschaftlich:think (speak) well of gut denken (sprechen) über (akk)5. gut, sehr, vollauf:be well pleased hocherfreut sein;it speaks well for him es spricht sehr für ihn6. wohl, mit gutem Grund:not very well wohl kaum;you cannot very well do that das kannst du nicht gut tun;I couldn’t very well say no ich konnte schlecht Nein sagen;7. recht, eigentlich, so richtig:he does not know well how er weiß nicht recht, wie8. gut, genau, gründlich:know sb well jemanden gut kennen;he knows only too well er weiß nur zu gut ( that dass);remember well sich gut erinnern an (akk)9. gut, ganz, völlig:he is well out of sight er ist völlig außer Sicht;be well out of sth etwas glücklich hinter sich gebracht haben10. gut, beträchtlich, ziemlich, weit:well away weit weg;he walked well ahead of them er ging ihnen ein gutes Stück voraus;he is well up in the list er steht weit oben auf der Liste;be well on in years nicht mehr der oder die Jüngste sein;well past fifty weit über 50;until well past midnight bis lange nach Mitternacht;well in advance schon lange vorher;he finished well back SPORT er endete weit abgeschlagen;11. gut, tüchtig, gründlich, kräftig:12. gut, mit Leichtigkeit, durchaus:you could well have done it du hättest es leicht tun können;it is very well possible es ist durchaus oder sehr wohl möglich;as well ebenso, außerdem;shall I bring the paper as well? soll ich auch die Zeitung bringen?;(just) as well ebenso (gut), genauso (gut);just as well Gott sei Dank! zum Glück!;just as well I had … zum Glück hatte ich …;as well … as sowohl … als auch; nicht nur …, sondern auch;B adj1. wohl, gesund:“get well soon!” (auf Karten) „gute Besserung!“;look well gesund aussehen;he isn’t a well man bes US er ist nicht gesund2. in Ordnung, richtig, gut:all is not well with him etwas ist nicht in Ordnung mit ihm;all will be well es wird sich alles wieder einrenken;all being well wenn alles gut geht, wenn nichts dazwischenkommt;I am very well where I am ich fühle mich sehr wohl;that is all very well, but das ist ja alles gut und schön, aber;it’s all very well for you to laugh du hast gut lachen;all’s well that ends well (Sprichwort) Ende gut, alles gut3. vorteilhaft, günstig, gut:it will be as well for her to know it es schadet ihr gar nichts, es zu wissen;that is just as well das ist schon gut so;well and good schön und gut4. ratsam, richtig, gut:well! (empört) na, hör mal!;well, who would have thought it? (erstaunt) wer hätte das gedacht?;well then nun (also);well then? (erwartend) na und?;well, here we are at last (erleichtert) so, da wären wir endlich;well, what should I say? (überlegend, zögernd) tja oder hm, was soll ich (da) sagen?, well, well! so, so!, (beruhigend) schon gut!D s (das) Gute:a) lass gut sein!,b) lass die Finger davon!;wish sb well jemandem alles Gute wünschenwell2 [wel]A s2. (auch Gas-, Öl) Quelle f3. Heilquelle f, Mineralbrunnen m4. fig (Ur)Quell m, Quelle f, Ursprung m5. Ölgewinnung etc: Bohrloch n6. ARCHa) (Aufzugs- etc) Schacht mb) Treppenauge n7. SCHIFFa) TECH Pumpensod mb) Buhne f, Fischbehälter m (im Fischerboot)8. JUR Br Platz für Anwälte im Gerichtssaalwell up aufsteigen (Flüssigkeit etc);tears welled up in her eyes die Tränen stiegen ihr in die Augen;hatred welled up within him Hass stieg in ihm auf* * *I noun1) (water well, mineral spring) Brunnen, derII 1. interjection1) (expr. astonishment) mein Gott; meine Güte; nanuwell, well! — sieh mal einer an!
2) (expr. relief) mein Gott3) (expr. concession) na jawell then, let's say no more about it — schon gut, reden wir nicht mehr davon
4) (expr. resumption) nunwell [then], who was it? — nun, wer war's?
5) (expr. qualified recognition of point)well[, but]... — na ja, aber...; ja schon, aber...
6) (expr. resignation)[oh] well — nun denn
7) (expr. expectation)2. adverb,well [then]? — na?
1) (satisfactorily) gutyou did well to come — gut, dass du gekommen bist
you would do well to... — Sie täten gut daran, zu...
you're well out of it — es ist gut, dass du damit nichts mehr zu tun hast
2) (thoroughly) gründlich [trocknen, polieren, schütteln]; tüchtig [verprügeln]; genau [beobachten]; gewissenhaft [urteilen]be well able to do something — durchaus od. sehr wohl in der Lage sein, etwas zu tun
I'm well aware of what has been going on — mir ist sehr wohl klar od. bewusst, was sich abgespielt hat
let or leave well alone — sich zufrieden geben
well out of sight — (very far off) völlig außer Sichtweite (of Gen.)
I know only too well how/what etc.... — ich weiß nur zu gut, wie/was usw....
3) (considerably) weithe is well past or over retiring age — er hat schon längst das Rentenalter erreicht
he is well past or over forty — er ist weit über vierzig
be well away — (lit. or fig.) einen guten Vorsprung haben; (coll.): (be drunk) ziemlich benebelt sein (ugs.)
4) (approvingly, kindly) gut, anständig [jemanden behandeln]think well of somebody/something — eine gute Meinung von jemandem/etwas haben
speak well of somebody/something — sich positiv über jemanden/etwas äußern
5) (in all likelihood) sehr wohl6) (easily) ohne weiteresyou cannot very well refuse their help — du kannst ihre Hilfe nicht ohne weiteres od. nicht gut ausschlagen
7)as well — (in addition) auch; ebenfalls; (as much, not less truly) genauso; ebenso; (with equal reason) genauso gut; ebenso gut; (advisable) ratsam; (equally well) genauso gut
Coming for a drink? - I might as well — Kommst du mit, einen trinken? - Warum nicht?
that is [just] as well — (not regrettable) um so besser
it was just as well that I had... — zum Glück hatte ich...
A as well as B — B und auch [noch] A
3. adjectiveas well as helping or (coll.) help me, she continued her own work — sie half mir und machte dabei noch mit ihrer eigenen Arbeit weiter
1) (in good health) gesundHow are you feeling now? - Quite well, thank you — Wie fühlen Sie sich jetzt? - Ganz gut, danke
2) pred. (satisfactory)all's well that ends well — (prov.) Ende gut, alles gut
all is not well with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas ist etwas nicht in Ordnung
[that's all] well and good — [das ist alles] gut und schön
3) pred. (advisable) ratsam* * *adj.gesund adj.gut adj.gänzlich adj.wohl adj. expr.Nun! ausdr.gänzlich ausdr.wohl ausdr. n.Brunnen - m. -
24 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, Englandd. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England[br]English inventor of the screw propeller.[br]Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1871.Further ReadingObituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.LRDBiographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
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25 part
1. n часть, доляin part — частично, частью
2. n часть; доляan hour is the twenty fourth part of the day — час — одна двадцать четвёртая часть суток
3. n редк. группа, фракция4. n участие; обязанность, дело5. n часть, том; серия6. n обыкн. часть тела, орган, член7. n роль, значениеa building that plays many parts — здание, которое используется для различных целей; полифункциональное здание
8. n сторона, аспектthe annoying part of the matter is that … — неприятная сторона этого дела в том …
9. n обыкн. край, местностьmalaria-stricken parts of the country — районы страны, где свирепствует малярия
the most densely populated and poverty stricken part of London — наиболее густонаселённые и бедные районы Лондона
10. n уст. способности11. n амер. пробор в волосахчасть, форма
12. n тех. деталь, часть13. n муз. партия, голос14. n архит. 1on the one part … on the other part … — с одной стороны … с другой стороны …
in good part — благосклонно, милостиво, без обиды
in bad part — неблагосклонно, с обидой
to take smth. in good part — не обидеться
15. v разделять, отделять, делить на части16. v разделяться, отделяться; разъединяться17. v разлучать, разъединятьpart the hair — делать пробор; разлучать; разлучиться; расставаться; расстаться
18. v разлучаться, расставаться19. v разнимать20. v расчёсывать на пробор21. v отличать, выделять22. v разг. расставаться23. v разг. платить24. v разг. умирать25. v разг. уст. делить26. v разг. мор. срываться с якоряthe best part of an hour — почти час, добрый час
27. adv частью; отчасти; частичноСинонимический ряд:1. incomplete (adj.) fractional; fragmentary; incomplete; partial2. appendage (noun) appendage; limb; member; organ3. characterization (noun) characterization; lead4. division (noun) chapter; district; division; parcel; partition; passage; portion; quarter; region; section; segment; slice; subdivision5. duty (noun) charge; duty; function; office; responsibility6. piece (noun) component; constituent; cut; element; factor; fraction; fragment; ingredient; moiety; piece7. ration (noun) allocation; allotment; allowance; apportionment; bite; concern; dividend; interest; lot; measure; meed; partage; participation; proportion; quantum; quota; ration; share8. role (noun) character; impersonation; personification; role9. side (noun) side10. apportion (verb) allot; apportion; deal out; distribute; mete out; parcel out; portion; share11. depart (verb) depart; die; go; leave; pass away; pass on; quit; vacate; withdraw12. separate (verb) break; break off; break up; cleave; detach; dichotomize; disconnect; disjoin; disjoint; dissect; dissever; dissociate; disunite; divide; divorce; partition; rupture; section; segment; separate; sever; split; split up; sunder; uncombineАнтонимический ряд:aggregate; all; amount; arrive; body; bulk; combination; completeness; compound; entirety; everything; gross; integrity; join; mass; nothing; total; whole -
26 Haynes, Elwood
[br]b. 14 October 1857 Portland, Indiana, USAd. 13 April 1925 Kokomo, Indiana, USA[br]American inventor ofStellite cobalt-based alloys, early motor-car manufacturer and pioneer in stainless steels.[br]From his early years, Haynes was a practising Presbyterian and an active prohibitionist. He graduated in 1881 at Worcester, Massachusetts, and a spell of teaching in his home town was interrupted in 1884–5 while he attended the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. In 1886 he became permanently diverted by the discovery of natural gas in Portland. He was soon appointed Superintendent of the local gas undertaking, and then in 1890 he was hired by the Indiana Natural Gas \& Oil Company. While continuing his gas-company employment until 1901, Haynes conducted numerous metallurgical experiments. He also designed an automobile: this led to the establishment of the Haynes- Apperson Company at Kokomo as one of the earliest motor-car makers in North America. From 1905 the firm traded as the Haynes Automobile Company, and before its bankruptcy in 1924 it produced more than 50,000 cars. After 1905, Haynes found the first "Stellite" alloys of cobalt and chromium, and in 1910 he was publicizing the patented material. He then discovered the valuable hardening effect of tungsten, and in 1912 began applying the "improved" Stellite to cutting tools. Three years later, the Haynes Stellite Company was incorporated, with Haynes as President, to work the patents. It was largely from this source that Haynes became a millionaire in 1920. In April 1912, Haynes's attempt to patent the use of chromium with iron to render the product rustless was unsuccessful. However, he re-applied for a US patent on 12 March 1915 and, although this was initially rejected, he persevered and finally obtained recognition of his modified claim. The American Stainless Steel Company licensed the patents of Brearley and Haynes jointly in the USA until the 1930s.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsJohn Scott Medal 1919 (awarded for useful inventions).BibliographyHaynes was the author of more than twenty published papers and articles, among them: 1907, "Materials for automobiles", Proceedings of the American Society of MechanicalEngineers 29:1,597–606; 1910, "Alloys of nickel and cobalt with chromium", Journal of Industrial Engineeringand Chemistry 2:397–401; 1912–13, "Alloys of cobalt with chromium and other metals", Transactions of the American Institute of 'Mining Engineers 44:249–55;1919–20, "Stellite and stainless steel", Proceedings of the Engineering Society of WestPennsylvania 35:467–74.1 April 1919, US patent no. 1,299,404 (stainless steel).The four US patents worked by the Haynes Stellite Company were: 17 December 1907, patent no. 873,745.1 April 1913, patent no. 1,057,423.1 April 1913, patent no. 1,057, 828.17 August 1915, patent no. 1,150, 113.Further ReadingR.D.Gray, 1979, Alloys and Automobiles. The Life of Elwood Haynes, Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society (a closely documented biography).JKA -
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(1984). Computation and cognition: Towards a foundation for cog nitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Quillian, M. R. (1968). Semantic memory. In M. Minsky (Ed.), Semantic information processing (pp. 216-260). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Quine, W.V.O. (1960). Word and object. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.■ Rabbitt, P.M.A., & S. Dornic (Eds.). Attention and performance (Vol. 5). London: Academic Press.■ Rawlins, G.J.E. (1997). Slaves of the Machine: The quickening of computer technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.■ Reid, T. (1970). An inquiry into the human mind on the principles of common sense. In R. Brown (Ed.), Between Hume and Mill: An anthology of British philosophy- 1749- 1843 (pp. 151-178). New York: Random House/Modern Library.■ Reitman, W. (1970). What does it take to remember? In D. A. Norman (Ed.), Models of human memory (pp. 470-510). London: Academic Press.■ Ricoeur, P. (1974). Structure and hermeneutics. In D. I. 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The making of memory: From molecules to mind. New York: Anchor Books. (Originally published in 1992)■ Roszak, T. (1994). The cult of information: A neo- Luddite treatise on high- tech, artificial intelligence, and the true art of thinking (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.■ Royce, J. R., & W. W. Rozeboom (Eds.) (1972). The psychology of knowing. New York: Gordon & Breach.■ Rumelhart, D. E. (1977). Introduction to human information processing. New York: Wiley.■ Rumelhart, D. E. (1980). Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. Bruce & W. F. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.■ Rumelhart, D. E., & J. L. McClelland (1986). On learning the past tenses of English verbs. In J. L. McClelland & D. E. Rumelhart (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Vol. 2). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.■ Rumelhart, D. E., P. Smolensky, J. L. McClelland & G. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
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28 name
1. сущ.1) общ. имя; фамилия ( человека)See:2) марк. название, наименование ( продукта или компании)See:brand name, product name, business name, deliverable name, proprietary name, trademark name, name recognition, name reservation3)а) общ. репутация; (доброе) имяbad [ill\] name — плохая репутация
б) общ. имя, личность, знаменитостьpeople of name — люди с именем; известные люди; знаменитости
4) страх. "имя" (индивидуальный член одного из страховых синдикатов Ллойда, осуществляющий страховую деятельность на условиях неограниченной ответственности)See:2. гл.1) общ. называть, давать имя2) общ. назначать, указывать (напр., цену)3) упр. назначать ( на должность)early in 1941 he was named commander of the African Corps — в начале 1941 года он был назначен командиром африканского корпуса
* * *
член страхового синдиката Ллойда ("имя" в списке членов данного синдиката). -
29 product
продукт ( реакции)breakdown product — продукт деградации; продукт гидролиза
detoxified bacterial products — анатоксины, токсоиды
excretory product — продукт выделения, экскреторный продукт
out-of-frame gene product — генный продукт вне рамки трансляции (напр. в результате реаранжировки генов)
product of antigenic recognition — продукт антигенного распознавания (комплекс антиген-антитело как раннее следствие клеточного распознавания антигена)
temporary product — короткоживущий изотоп; промежуточный [транзиторный] продукт ( метаболизма)
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30 EAR
1) Общая лексика: Electrical Appliance Register, ожидаемая средняя потребность2) Военный термин: end of air refueling, engineering abstract report, engineering analysis report, escape and rescue3) Техника: electromagnetic activity receiver, electronic audio recognition, event analysis report, experimental array radar4) Экономика: Европейское Агентство Развития (European Agency for Reconstruction)5) Бухгалтерия: Equivalent Annual Rate, effective annual rate (of interest)6) Страхование: erection all risks (все монтажные риски)7) Сокращение: Echelon Audio Receiver, Electronically Agile Radar, Export Administration Regulations8) Физиология: Emergency Artificial Respiration, Expired Air Resuscitation9) Вычислительная техника: Early Access Release10) Нефть: estimated additional resources11) Воздухоплавание: Employee Appraisal Record12) Программирование: Exclusive Allow Read13) Расширение файла: External Access Register14) Нефть и газ: external air resuscitation, Environmental Annual Report, Annual Environmental Report15) Должность: Earnings After Retirement, Emerging Artist Representative16) Аэропорты: Kearney, Nebraska USA -
31 HERO
2) Военный термин: Helicopter Emergency Rescue Operation, Historical Evaluation and Research Organization, hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance3) Шутливое выражение: Hell Ever Rally On4) Религия: His Early Righteous Ones5) Ветеринария: Hendricks Equine Rehab Opportunities6) Сокращение: Hazards of Electro-magnetic Radiation to Ordnance, hazardous effect of radiation on ordnance7) Университет: Higher Education And Research Opportunities, Higher Education Research Opportunities, Human Environment Regional Observatory8) Физика: High Energy Replicated Optics9) Деловая лексика: Heroic Effort Recognition Opportunity, Hutchinson Employees Reaching Out10) Образование: Health Educational And Rural Outreach, Helping Everyone Reach Out, Helping Everyone Read Outstandingly11) Фантастика Helping Every Robot Organization12) Общественная организация: Helping Earths Rainforests Organization13) Должность: Highway Emergency Response Operator, Home Economic Related Occupations, Home Economics Related Occupations14) Правительство: Health Environment Regional Organisation, Home Energy Ratings Of Ohio -
32 Hero
2) Военный термин: Helicopter Emergency Rescue Operation, Historical Evaluation and Research Organization, hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance3) Шутливое выражение: Hell Ever Rally On4) Религия: His Early Righteous Ones5) Ветеринария: Hendricks Equine Rehab Opportunities6) Сокращение: Hazards of Electro-magnetic Radiation to Ordnance, hazardous effect of radiation on ordnance7) Университет: Higher Education And Research Opportunities, Higher Education Research Opportunities, Human Environment Regional Observatory8) Физика: High Energy Replicated Optics9) Деловая лексика: Heroic Effort Recognition Opportunity, Hutchinson Employees Reaching Out10) Образование: Health Educational And Rural Outreach, Helping Everyone Reach Out, Helping Everyone Read Outstandingly11) Фантастика Helping Every Robot Organization12) Общественная организация: Helping Earths Rainforests Organization13) Должность: Highway Emergency Response Operator, Home Economic Related Occupations, Home Economics Related Occupations14) Правительство: Health Environment Regional Organisation, Home Energy Ratings Of Ohio -
33 ear
1) Общая лексика: Electrical Appliance Register, ожидаемая средняя потребность2) Военный термин: end of air refueling, engineering abstract report, engineering analysis report, escape and rescue3) Техника: electromagnetic activity receiver, electronic audio recognition, event analysis report, experimental array radar4) Экономика: Европейское Агентство Развития (European Agency for Reconstruction)5) Бухгалтерия: Equivalent Annual Rate, effective annual rate (of interest)6) Страхование: erection all risks (все монтажные риски)7) Сокращение: Echelon Audio Receiver, Electronically Agile Radar, Export Administration Regulations8) Физиология: Emergency Artificial Respiration, Expired Air Resuscitation9) Вычислительная техника: Early Access Release10) Нефть: estimated additional resources11) Воздухоплавание: Employee Appraisal Record12) Программирование: Exclusive Allow Read13) Расширение файла: External Access Register14) Нефть и газ: external air resuscitation, Environmental Annual Report, Annual Environmental Report15) Должность: Earnings After Retirement, Emerging Artist Representative16) Аэропорты: Kearney, Nebraska USA -
34 hero
2) Военный термин: Helicopter Emergency Rescue Operation, Historical Evaluation and Research Organization, hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance3) Шутливое выражение: Hell Ever Rally On4) Религия: His Early Righteous Ones5) Ветеринария: Hendricks Equine Rehab Opportunities6) Сокращение: Hazards of Electro-magnetic Radiation to Ordnance, hazardous effect of radiation on ordnance7) Университет: Higher Education And Research Opportunities, Higher Education Research Opportunities, Human Environment Regional Observatory8) Физика: High Energy Replicated Optics9) Деловая лексика: Heroic Effort Recognition Opportunity, Hutchinson Employees Reaching Out10) Образование: Health Educational And Rural Outreach, Helping Everyone Reach Out, Helping Everyone Read Outstandingly11) Фантастика Helping Every Robot Organization12) Общественная организация: Helping Earths Rainforests Organization13) Должность: Highway Emergency Response Operator, Home Economic Related Occupations, Home Economics Related Occupations14) Правительство: Health Environment Regional Organisation, Home Energy Ratings Of Ohio -
35 ♦ due
♦ due (1) /dju:, USA du:/A a.1 (pred.) previsto: Our train is due at 10.30, il nostro treno è previsto (o dovrebbe arrivare) alle 10,30; We were due in at midday but the flight was delayed, il nostro arrivo era previsto per mezzogiorno, ma il volo era in ritardo; When are they due back?, quando è previsto che tornino?; They were due home hours ago, avrebbero dovuto essere a casa ore fa; DIALOGO → - Pregnancy- When is the baby due?, per quando è prevista la nascita?; quando dovrebbe nascere il bambino; When are you due?, per quando è previsto il parto?; quando dovresti partorire?; Her book's due out next month, l'uscita del suo libro è prevista per il mese prossimo; The film is due for release in the autumn, l'uscita del film è prevista per l'autunno; He is due to take up his new post next week, è previsto che cominci il nuovo lavoro la settimana prossima; The plane is due to arrive at 22.00, l'arrivo dell'aereo è previsto per le 22,00; He is due in court next week, il suo processo è previsto per la settimana prossima; I'm due for a bit of good luck, sarebbe ora che io avessi un po' di fortuna2 dovuto: Thanks are due to all our supporters, dei ringraziamenti sono dovuti a tutti i nostri sostenitori; We should give credit where it's due, dovremmo rendere il merito a chi di dovere; We're due a refund, ci spetta un rimborso; She's due a pay rise, dovrebbe ricevere un aumento (di stipendio); I think I'm due an explanation, penso che mi si debba una spiegazione3 – ( to be) due to st., (essere) dovuto a qc., (essere) causato da qc.: They don't believe climate change is due to human activity, non credono che il cambiamento climatico sia dovuto all'attività umana; Early retirement due to stress is increasing, il prepensionamento causato dallo stress è in aumento: The accident was due to the thick fog, l'incidente è stato causato dalla nebbia fitta4 (form.) giusto, debito, dovuto: after due consideration, dopo debita riflessione; with due regard for the feelings of all involved, con il dovuto riguardo per i sentimenti di tutte le persone coinvolte; You've had your due reward, hai avuto la giusta ricompensa; without due care and attention, senza la debita attenzione5 (pred.: comm., leg.) dovuto; esigibile: The first instalment is due today, la prima rata è esigibile oggi; My salary was due yesterday, il mio stipendio doveva essere pagato ieri; When is the bill due?, quando scade la cambiale?B avv.( con i punti cardinali) in direzione; verso: The travellers went due west, i viaggiatori andavano verso occidente; They set a course due north, hanno fatto rotta a nordC prep.– due to, a causa di: They were late due to the heavy traffic, erano in ritardo a causa del traffico intenso; The business failed partly due to the cost of borrowing, l'affare non è andato in porto, in parte a causa del costo del prestito● ( USA) due bill, riconoscimento scritto di un debito (cfr. ingl. IOU) □ due date, data prevista (spec. per il parto) □ (fin., org. az.) due diligence, «due diligence» ( valutazione di un'azienda ai fini di una sua eventuale acquisizione) □ (leg.) due notice, avviso dato nei termini di legge □ (leg.) due performance, corretto adempimento □ (leg., spec. USA) due process, giusto processo □ (comm.) due register, scadenzario □ (comm.) to fall due, scadere; essere esigibile □ in due course, a tempo debito; regolarmente □ with ( all) due respect, con (tutto) il dovuto rispetto.NOTA D'USO: - due to o owing to?- due (2) /dju:, USA du:/n.1 (soltanto sing.) ciò che è dovuto, che spetta (a q.): to give sb. his due, dare a q. quel che gli spetta; riconoscere i meriti di q.; She has finally received the recognition that is her due, ha finalmente ottenuto il riconoscimento che le era dovuto● (org. az.) dues book, libro degli ordini in sospeso □ dues cards, schede delle quote sociali □ club (o membership) dues, tasse d'iscrizione a un circolo; quote sociali □ to give the devil his due, dare atto a q. ( per malvagio che sia) di qc. di buono. -
36 image processing
= IP1) область прикладных научных исследований, связанных с анализом и обработкой цифровых изображений. Чётких границ между обработкой изображений, анализом изображений (image analysis) и техническим зрением (computer vision) нет2) любые комплексные программные и/или аппаратные операции по компьютерной обработке (преобразованию) изображений, например повышение чёткости, коррекция цветов, сглаживание, уменьшение шумов и т. д.The first computers powerful enough to carry out meaningful image processing tasks appeared in the early 1960s. — Первые компьютеры, достаточно мощные для решения задач интеллектуальной (содержательной) обработки изображений, появились в начале 1960-х гг.
Syn:Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > image processing
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37 system
система; устройство; установка; план, расположение; схема system of forces система сил ablative - абляционная система system active thermal control - система активного терморегулирования system additive injection - устройство для введения добавок system air-return - рециркуляционная система воздушного отопления system aisle - система расположения проходов system alarm and special extinguishing - система пожарной сигнализации и специальные средства пожаротушения system alarm (signal) - аварийная сигнализация; система тревожной сигнализации system alerting and call-out - система тревожной сигнализации и вызова (пожарной команды) system alternate wet and dry pipe - водовоздушная (спринклерная) система пожаротушения system analytic - аналитическая система (система определения степени риска при страховании от огня) system arson (pattern) recognition - система опознавания при стереотипных ситуациях поджога system automatic control - автоматическая система управления system automatic foam - автоматическая система пенного пожаротушения system automatic powder - автоматическая система порошкового пожаротушения system automatic sprinkler - автоматическая спринклерная система пожаротушения system auxiliary fire alarm - резервная или дополнительная система пожарной сигнализации system balanced - of ventilation система приточно-вытяжной вентиляции system base injection - система подачи пены под слой горючего system building hydrant - система пожарных кранов в здании system carbon-dioxide - автоматическая система газового пожаротушения system central communications - центральная система связи system combustion - система сжигания топлива; топливное устройство system command and control - система передачи команд и проверки исполнения system compressed-air - пневматическая система system continuous flow - дыхательный аппарат с постоянной подачей кислорода system continuous pressure - дыхательный аппарат с постоянным давлением в маске system control - система управления или регулирования system cooling - система охлаждения system cooling-equipment - система холодильного оборудования system cooling-water - система водяного охлаждения system coordinate - система координат system deicing - противообледенительная система system delivery - система доставки; подающая система (напр. водопровода) system deluge - спринклерная система пожаротушения с терморегулируемым пуском system detection - система обнаружения; система пожарной сигнализации system detection-suppression - система пожарной сигнализации и пожаротушения system detector - система пожарной сигнализации system detector-actuated automatic sprinkler - автоматическая спринклерная система пожаротушения system diluter-demand oxygen - кислородная система типа «легочный автомат» с подсосом воздуха system disaster control - аварийная система управления system distribution - (водо) распределительная система system double-pipe riser - двухтрубная система со стояками водяного отопления system downward - of ventilation система вентиляции с подачей воздуха в верхней зоне и удалением в нижней зоне помещения system draw-in - of ventilation система приточной вентиляции system dry-chemical extinguishing - (автоматическая) система порошкового пожаротушения system dry-pipe - воздушная наполненная, сухотрубная) система system dry sprinkler - воздушная (не-наполненная) спринклерная система system duplex - дуплексная (двойная) система, система с двумя одновременно работающими независимыми каналами system early-warning - система раннего обнаружения (предупреждения) system ejector - эжекторная система system electrical - электрическая система system electronic foam - система пенного пожаротушения с электронным управлением system emergency escape - система аварийного покидания system emergency lighting - система аварийного освещения system exhaust - of ventilation система вытяжной вентиляции system explosion suppression - система взрывозащиты (топливных баков) system extinguishing - система пожаротушения system feed - система подачи или загрузки; устройство подачи; автомат загрузки system fire - пожарная система; система обеспечения пожарной -безопасности system fire-alarm - система пожарной сигнализации system fire-alarm sounding - система звуковой пожарной сигнализации system fire-attack - система пожаротушения system fire data - система обработки данных о пожарах или поиска справочных данных по пожарной охране system fire-detecting (fire-detector) - система пожарной сигнализации system fire drainage - система пожарного дренирования system fire-extinguisher (fire-extinguishing) - система пожаротушения system fire-fighter - система пожарной охраны system fire management - система управления пожаротушением system fire-prevention - пожарно-профилактическая система system fire-protection - система пожарных мероприятий; служба пожарной охраны system fire-protection water - система пожарного водоснабжения system fire safety - система обеспечения пожарной безопасности; пожарная система system fire-sprinkling - пожарная спринклерная система system fire suppression - система тушения пожара system fire-warning - система пожарной сигнализации system fire wire detection - система пожарной сигнализации с линейными пожарными извещателями system fixed dry chemical extinguishing - стационарная система порошкового пожаротушения system fixed fire-attack - стационарная система пожаротушения system fixed steam smothering - стационарная система парового пожаротушения system flood(ing) - система затопления system foam (-extinguishing) (foam firefighter) - система пенного пожаротушения system foaming - пенообразующая система system foam-mixing - система выработки пены system foam-water sprinkler - спринк-лерная система водопенного тушения system forced drainage - принудительная система пожарного дренирования system forest fire - пожарное устройство лесов, комплекс мероприятий и средств пожарной защиты лесов system fuel dispersal - система аварийного слива топлива system gelled water - система тушения загущенной водой system ground sprinkler - спринклерная система пожаротушения с головками в покрытии пола (для подачи струй огнетушаще-го вещества вверх) system hand-hose - рукавная система пожаротушения system hazard information - система идентификация опасных материалов system heat-detection - система пожарной сигнализации с - тепловыми извещателями system heat-exchange - система теплообмена (теплопередачи) system heat(ing) - система отопления или подогрева system heat-protection - система теплозащиты system heat-responsive - система с тепловым извешателем (датчиком) system heat-sink - теплопоглощающая система; водонаполненная система защиты от пожара; водонаполненные строительные конструкции (напр. балки и колонны) system heat-transfer - система теплообмена (теплопередачи) system heterogeneous - гетерогенная -система system high-perfomance thermal protection - система теплоизоляции с высокими характеристиками system high-pressure - система высокого давления system high-temperature fatigue test - установка для испытаний на выносливость при высоких температурах system high-temperature thermal-protection - высокотемпературная защитная система system high-temperature warning - система сигнализации перегрева system homogeneous - гомогенная система system hose - рукавная система (пожаротушения) system hydrant refuel(l)ing - система выдачи топлива через гидранты system hydraulic (power) - гидравлическая система, гидросистема system hydraulic storage - хранение (горючего) в емкостях с водяной подушкой system ignition - система зажигания system impregnation - система пропитки system indirect central heating - пароводяная или водоводяная система центрального отопления system inerting - система флегматиза-ции (инертирования) (в топливном баке) system insulating - изоляционная (изолирующая) система system integrated municipal information - единая муниципальная система информации system ionization (detector) - система пожарной сигнализации с извещателями ионизационного типа system label(l)ing - система знаков (предупреждения об опасности) system life safety - система обеспечения безопасности system light-operated valve osition indicating - система световой индикации положений клапанов system liquid propellant - система жидкого ракетного топлива system local (fire) alarm (signal(l)ing) - местная система пожарной сигнализации; внутренняя (автономная) система пожарной сигнализации system localized - локализованная система; система для отдельного объекта system localized protective - локализованная защитная система; система защиты отдельного объекта system local water - местная система водоснабжения; местный водопровод system loss data - система регистрации ущерба (потерь) от пожаров system manual emergency - система тревожной сигнализации (и тушения) с ручным включением system marking - система маркировки (напр. опасных материалов) system mechanical exhaust - of ventilation искусственная (механическая) вытяжная вентиляция system mechanical ventilation - система искусственной (механической) вентиляции system miscellaneous extinguishing -s смешанные системы пожаротушения system modular airborne fire-fighting - модульная самолетная система пожаротушения (сливанием жидкости в полете) system multicycle sprinkler - спринклерная система циклического действия system multifrequency - многочастотная система system municipal water - система водоснабжения населенного пункта; городской водопровод system mutual aid - система взаимодействия (пожарных частей); правила взаимодействия (при работе на тушении пожара) system national fire data - национальная информационная пожарная система system network - (распределительная) сеть system nonflowing gaseous - s статические газовые системы system occupational safety standards - сборник нормативных актов по обеспечению безопасности в зданиях (помещениях) с пребыванием людей system open-head - сиринклерная система с открытыми головками system overall (protective) - общая система защиты; система защиты комплекса помещений system paint - система краски; система окраски (нанесения покрытия) system passive restraint - пассивная система защиты; комплекс пассивных мер обеспечения безопасности system periodic - периодическая система элементов Менделеева system petroleum pipeline - система (сеть) нефтяных трубопроводов; нефтепровод system pipe - трубопроводная система (сеть); трубопровод system platoon - посменное дежурство или организация службы (пожарной охраны) system pneumatic fire detection - пневматический датчик системы обнаружения пожара system power - энергетическая система; силовая сеть system pre-action - автоматическая спринклерная система с предварительным заполнением труб до вскрытия головок system pressurization - система обеспечения избыточного давления (в помещении, здании, на лестничной клетке) system private fire-suppression - автономная система пожаротушения system process piping - система (сеть) технологических трубопроводов system propellant - система ракетного топлива system proprietary alarm - автономная система пожарной сигнализации system protective - система защиты; защита system protective coating - система защитного покрытия system public address - трансляционная сеть system radio controlled - радиоуправляемая система system range-safety - система обеспечения безопасности на полигоне system rapid water - система введения в пожарный водопровод добавки для уменьшения гидравлических потерь system refurnishable ablative thermal protection - восстанавливаемая абляционная система тепловой защиты system relay - система подачи воды вперекачку (автонасосами) system safety - система аварийной защиты или обеспечения безопасности system semisubmersible - полупогружная система (пенного тушения резервуара) system signal-responsive control - автоматическая сигнальная система с обратной связью system smoke detection - система пожарной сигнализации с дымовыми извещателями system sound - безбатарейный телефон system sprinkler - спринклерная система system standard sprinkler - стандартная спринклерная система system standby power - резервная энергетическая система или силовая сеть system standpipe and hose - пожарный стояк с кранами для рукавных линий system suppression - система тушения (пожара) system suspended maneuvering - подвесная система пожаротушения (на вертолете) system tail dry pipe - система пожаротушения с воздушными концевыми трубопроводами system tail end alternate wet and dry pipe - система пожаротушения с воздушно-водяными концевыми трубопроводами system telegraphic fire alarm - телеграфная система пожарной сигнализации system temperature control (thermal control) - система терморегулирования system thermal-protection - система теплозащиты system thermoregulating - система терморегулирования system three-dimensional - пространственная система system three-phase - трехфазная система system three-wire - трехпроводная система system total flooding - система пожаротушения общим затоплением system traffic signal remote control - дистанционная система управления транспортом на перекрестках (для обеспечения беспрепятственного движения пожарных и полицейских машин) system transportation - система перевозок system two-phase - двухфазная система system two-platoon - организация службы в две смены, двухсменное дежурство (пожарной охраны) system warm air - система воздушного отопления system water - система водоснабжения; водопроводная сеть; водопровод system water deluge - дренчерная система пожаротушения system water-distribution - водораспределительная система system water-spray - система пожаротушения распыленной водой system water-spray cooling - система охлаждения распыленной водой system water-spray fixed - стационарная система пожаротушения распыленной водой system water-spray smoke suppression - система осаждения дыма распыленной водой system wet pipe - водонаполненная спринклерная система -
38 aircraft
летательный аппарат, ЛА; самолет(ы); вертолет(ы); авиация; авиационный; бортовой ( об оборудовании ЛА)C2 aircraft — воздушный КП, ВКП; ЛА для оперативного управления
electronic surveillance, reconnaissance and warning aircraft — самолет РЭР, наблюдения и оповещения
short takeoff, vertical landing aircraft — самолет укороченного взлета и вертикальной посадки
— high-penetration attack aircraft— shadowing aircraft— spotting aircraft— tiltable-wing aircraft -
39 identification
опознавание; идентификация; знак различия; установление личности; дешифрирование; отличительные признаки, характерные особенности (цели, объекта) ; обозначение для опознавания -
40 Protestants
As long as the Portuguese Inquisition was active, few non-Catholics resided in the country. Any person discovered to be a Protestant—and possession of a Bible was a certain sign—could be arrested, jailed, and threatened with execution by the Inquisition, especially before 1760. After the extinction of the Inquisition by 1821, a few Protestant missions arrived during the 1840s and 1850s. Evangelical Christian missionaries became active, especially British Protestants who came to travel or reside in, as well as to distribute bibles to Portugal. These included the celebrated British writer, traveler, and missionary, George Borrow, whose book The Bible in Spain in the mid-19th century became a classic.Even after the Inquisition ceased operations, restrictions on non-Catholics remained. Despite the small number of initial converts, there were active denominations in the 19th century among the Plymouth Brethren, Scotch Presbyterians, Methodists, and Anglicans. Some Protestant missions were founded in Portugal, as well as in her African colonies in the 1870s and 1880s. Among the legal restrictions against Protestants and other non-Catholics were those on building edifices that physically resembled churches, limits on property-owning and hours of worship, laws that prevented non-Catholic organizations from legal recognition by the government, discrimination against Protestant denominations with pacifist convictions, and discrimination against Protestants in conscription (the draft) selection. In the 1950s and 1960s, the middle to late years of the Estado Novo regime, small groups of Pentecostals, Mormons, and Jehovah's Witnesses settled in Portugal, and the numbers of their congregations grew more rapidly than those of earlier arrivals, but traditional restrictions against freedom of worship continued.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974 and the 1976 Constitution, such restrictions against Protestant worship and residence ended. Protestant churches were now recognized as legal entities with the right to assemble and to worship. During the period when military conscription was in force, that is, up to 2004, those Protestants who were conscientious objectors could apply for alternative military service. Protestant missionary activity, nevertheless, continued to experience resistance from the Catholic Church. In recent decades, there has been a rapid growth among the Protestant communities, although their expansion in Portugal does not equal the growth in Protestant numbers found in Brazil and Angola. By the early 1990s, the number of Protestants was estimated to be between 50,000 and 60,000 persons, but by 2008 this figure had more than doubled. The number still remained at only 2 percent of the population with religious affiliation.
См. также в других словарях:
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