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draw+the+line+at+something

  • 1 draw a line between something and something else / draw the line between something and something else

    Draw a line between something and something else / draw the line between something and something else
     разграничить две вещи, разделять понятия
     It’s very hard to draw the line between slamming a door and just closing it loudly.

    English-Russian small dictionary of idioms > draw a line between something and something else / draw the line between something and something else

  • 2 line

    [laɪn]
    n
    1) строка, строчка, линейка

    The pen moved on down to the next line. — Перо двигалось дальше к следующей строчке.

    There isn't a dull line in the whole play. — Во всей пьесе нет ни одной скучной строки.

    The article (the paragraph) was cut down to two or three lines. — Статья была сокращена (параграф был сокращен) до двух-трех строчек.

    - top line
    - few lines
    - witty lines
    - line ten
    - line frequency
    - line test
    - line spectrum
    - second line from the top
    - line three from the top of the page
    - line of print
    - line of a poem
    - line of symbols
    - page of twenty five lines
    - above the line
    - crowd many facts into a few lines
    - drop smb a few lines
    - expect a line from him
    - jump a line
    - jump from one line to another
    - keep in line
    - miss out a line
    - read between the lines
    - read every line
    - run out a line into the margin
    - set these lines in a smaller type
    2) линия, черта, очертание, стиль

    The two lines meet/join here. — Две линии здесь сходятся.

    The old woman's face was covered with lines. — Лицо старушки было в морщинах.

    She was fined for parking on a single yellow line. — Ее оштрафовали за то, что она оставила машину на желтой полосе.

    The building has strong, noble lines. — Здание выдержано в строгом, благородном стиле/в строгих, благородных линиях.

    - contour line
    - straight line
    - broken line
    - horisontal line
    - curving lines
    - dividing line
    - divergent lines
    - white line
    - double yellow line
    - soft lines
    - pencil line
    - forward line
    - finish line
    - foul line
    - side line
    - sharpened lines
    - base line
    - state line
    - city line
    - fight lines
    - assemble line
    - pipe lines
    - sewage lines
    - plumb line
    - clogged fuel line
    - straight lines of her dress
    - hard savaged lines of his mouth
    - line of sight
    - lines of the hand
    - line of life
    - lines in a rock
    - lines in the face
    - lines of premature age
    - remote line of the sea
    - line of the mountains
    - blue line of the horizon
    - hand covered with fine dry lines
    - beauty of line in an artist's work
    - on goal line
    - be the first over the line
    - draw a line from A to B
    - draw two lines along the margin
    - draw a line with a ruler
    - make a line
    - mark with lines
    - run a line on the map
    3) ряд, очередь, цепь, строй, шеренга

    There were two lines at the box office. — В кассу за билетами было две очереди.

    The children were all in line. — Дети выстроились в ряд.

    He got first in line. — Он оказался первым в очереди.

    There was a long line of cars ahead of us. — Перед нами была вереница машин.

    The lines of the enemy gave way. — Ряды противника дрогнули.

    - piket line
    - two lines abreast
    - line troops
    - line battalion
    - line training
    - line of trees
    - line of policemen
    - line of mountains
    - line of workers on strike
    - prestigeous line of authors
    - lines of infantry
    - line between these countries
    - line of demarkation
    - line of defence
    - line of march of an army
    - line of advance
    - line of retreat
    - line of aim
    - line of fire
    - line of battle
    - line of departure
    - line of contact
    - officers of the line
    - ships of the line
    - in the line of duty
    - at the beginning of the line
    - arrange smth in a line
    - be the first in the line
    - drop out of line
    - go into line
    - be in the front line
    - be next in line for promotion
    - be in line for action
    - break up a picket line
    - form into a line
    - go up the line
    - lay smth out in a line
    - march in line
    - plant trees in a line
    - see whether the wheels are in line
    - stand in line for smth
    - stand in one line
    - step out of line
    - suffer defeat all along the line
    - have seven men in the line
    4) линия родства, родословная

    He is the last of the royal line. — Он последний представитель королевского рода.

    He decend in an unbroken line from Bruce. — Он прямой потомок Брюса.

    - male line
    - decendent in a direct line
    - come of a good line
    - inheritance will go on the female line

    He is on the line now. — Он сейчас говорит по телефону. /Он сейчас на линии.

    They took the wrong line on the underground. — Они сели не на ту линию метро.

    The tickets are sold at all points on the line. — Билеты продаются на всех пунктах линии.

    There was silence on the other end of the line. Then her voice came back on the line. — На том конце телефон замолчал, затем на линии опять зазвучал ее голос.

    - telephone line
    - main line
    - local line
    - single line
    - communication lines
    - air line
    - branch line
    - commuter line
    - municipal bus line
    - outside line
    - long-distance line
    - fallen power line
    - line communication
    - line maintenance
    - supply lines to enemy formations
    - line of force
    - last stop on the local bus line
    - all along the line
    - somewhere along the line
    - be on a party line
    - do repairs to the lines
    - fall from the platform onto the lines
    - instal telephone lines in the neighbourhood
    - open a new steamship line
    - run a line of mail boats
    - tie up the bus lines
    - line is engaged
    - line has gone dead
    6) верёвка, канат, провод, леса (удочки)

    Is your line strong enough to hol (to land) a ten-pound fish? — Ваше леска достаточно крепка, чтобы выдержать (вытянуть) пятикилограммовую рыбу?

    - thin line
    - clothes line
    - wire lines
    - harpoon lines
    - fish line
    - end of the line
    - hang the laundry on the line
    - tie in a slack line
    - tie a fish line to a fishing-rod
    - line broke
    7) текст роли, слова роли

    The books are written along the same line. — Эти книги одного плана. /Эти книги написаны в одном и том же стиле.

    You have dealt with the subject on the right lines, but your essay is lacking in detail. — Вы правильно подошли к вопросу, но в вашем очерке не хватает подробностей.

    In spite of these gaps the broad line of the story remains clear. — Несмотря на эти пропуски, основной сюжет рассказа остается ясным.

    - actor's lines
    - main line of the story
    - just a few lines to tell you we are here
    - go over one's lines
    - learn one's lines
    8) тенденция, принцип, направление, курс, область деятельности

    He managed to keep the whole party in line. — Ему удалось поддерживать единство всей группы.

    You need very strict directions to keep you in line. — Вам нужны очень точные указания, чтобы не сбиться с пути.

    It all happened along the line. — Это все произошло на пути/во время пути.

    - policy line
    - old propoganda line
    - party line
    - main line of the plan
    - main line of the situation
    - something along those lines
    - rice pudding or something in that line
    - men in the same line
    - pay on the line
    - on commercial line
    - agree with smb's statement down the line
    - be on a line with smth
    - be successful all along the line
    - be in the grocery line
    - be in line with the statement
    - be on line
    - come on line
    - be in line
    - bring the theory in line with the facts
    - change the line of conduct
    - come into line with the majority
    - do smth on scientific lines
    - govern on conservative lines
    - increase people's incomes in line with rising prices
    - keep in line with the rules
    - keep in line with the terms of the agreement
    - keep smth on top line
    - live below the poverty line
    - pass instruction down the line
    - reach the end of the line
    - get to the end of the line
    - set up a commitee on the following
    - take a strong line over smth
    - follow a strong line over smth
    - throw a good line
    - one's job is on the line
    - paying on the line is cheaper than on credit
    - try to bring the whole commitee into line
    - population is split along religious lines
    - conversation ran along familiar lines
    - target was in line with the sun
    •
    USAGE:
    for line 1.; See chapter, n

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > line

  • 3 линия

    жен.
    1) line на одной линии ≈ мор. abreast боковая линия( о родстве) ≈ collateral line;
    branch экспрессная пассажирская линия ≈ express passenger line вести свою линию, гнуть свою линию разг. ≈ to have one's own way вести линию на что-н. ≈ to direct one's efforts towards something волнистая линия ≈ wavy line горизонтальная линия ≈ horizontal line по линии ≈ (чего-л.) in the area of, in relation to, as far as smth. is concerned( в сфере чего-л.) ;
    in, by, through прямая линия ≈ straight (right) line кривая линия ≈ curve параллельная линия ≈ parallel( line) снеговая линия ≈ snow-line воздушная линия ≈ air-line трамвайная линия ≈ tram-line линия прицеливания ≈ line of aim;
    line of sight амер. линия поведения ≈ line of conduct, policy коммуникационная линия ≈ line of communication магистральная линия ≈ main line предельная линия ≈ boundary line пунктирная линия ≈ dotted line троллейбусная линия ≈ trolleybus route цепная линия ≈ catenary базовая линия ≈ datum line, base line вертикальная линия ≈ vertical, vertical line автобусная линия ≈ bus line;
    street-railway амер. политическая линия ≈ tack по всей линии
    2) мн. graduation, ll., set ∙ гнуть/вести свою линию ≈ разг. to hold one's ground, to stand firm
    лини|я - ж. line;
    провести ~ю draw* a line;
    ~ железной дороги railway-line;
    railroad-track амер. ;
    ~ поведения line of action;
    policy;
    ~ разметки спорт. separation line;
    ~ финиша finish line;
    ~ ворот спорт. goal line;
    ~ вратарской площадки goal-area line;
    ~ свободного броска free throw line;
    ~ ожидания waititng line;
    ~ стрельбы shooting line;
    ~ предупреждения warning line;
    ~ защиты full-back line;
    ~ нападения forward line;
    ~ прицеливания спорт. line of sight;
    ~ штрафной площадки boundary of penalty area;
    боковая ~ touch( side) line;
    средняя ~ спорт. half-way line;
    ~ задержки кино delay line;
    ~ кадра frame line;
    ~ поля зрения кино line of sight;
    ~ воздушного транспорта торг. air carrier;
    судоходная ~ shipping line;
    трамповая ~ tramp service;
    транспортная ~ торг. transport service;
    ~ управления line drive;
    вести свою ~ю pursue one`s own policy;
    по ~и наименьшего сопротивления along the line of least resistance.

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > линия

  • 4 head

    1. [hed] n
    I
    1. 1) голова

    bald head - лысая голова, лысина

    taller by a head, a head taller - на голову выше

    to shake one's head - отрицательно покачать головой [ср. тж. ♢ ]

    to dive head downwards /foremost/ - а) нырять головой вниз; б) действовать опрометчиво /необдуманно/

    to cut off smb.'s head - обезглавить кого-л.; снести кому-л. голову

    to win by a head спорт. - а) опередить на голову; б) еле-еле выиграть ( на скачках; тж. to win by short head)

    my head swims - у меня голова кружится, у меня всё плывёт перед глазами

    2) головной портрет, изображение головы
    3) жизнь

    it will cost him his head - он поплатится за это головой, это будет стоить ему жизни

    2. 1) ум, рассудок; способности

    a cool head - трезвый ум, рассудительный человек [см. тж. ♢ ]

    a hot head - горячая голова, горячий /вспыльчивый/ человек

    a wise head - а) умная голова, умница; б) ирон. умник

    to have a (good) head on one's shoulders - иметь хорошую /светлую/ голову

    to trouble /to bother/ one's head about smth. - а) беспокоиться о чём-л.; б) ломать голову над чем-л.

    to take smth. into one's head, to take it into one's head to do smth. - вбить /забрать/ себе что-л. в голову

    to keep smth. in one's head - держать что-л. в голове; хранить что-л. в памяти

    to be above smb. 's head - быть выше чьего-л. понимания /разумения/

    he has a good [a poor] head for figures - ему хорошо [плохо] даётся арифметика

    it came into his head - ему пришло /взбрело/ в голову

    it never entered his head to help me - ему и в голову не пришло помочь мне

    something put /sent/ it out of my head - это почему-то вылетело /выскочило/ у меня из головы, я почему-то забыл об этом

    2) (физиологическая) переносимость, способность

    he has a good /strong/ head for drink - он может много выпить

    3. человек

    ten dollars a /per/ head - по десяти долларов с человека /с каждого/

    4. (pl без измен.) голова скота

    the park feeds about 40 head of deer - в парке насчитывается около 40 оленей

    5. 1) стадо; стая (птиц)
    2) с.-х. поголовье
    6. амер. разг. головная боль (особ. с похмелья)

    I've got a bad /awful, thick/ head - у меня голова раскалывается /трещит/

    7. сл. рот

    to keep one's head shut - не болтать; помалкивать, попридержать язык

    8. рога ( оленя)
    9. уст. причёска; волосы
    10. амер. сл.
    1) наркоман
    2) фанатик, страстный поклонник, болельщик
    II
    1. 1) верхняя часть (чего-л.); верх, верхушка
    2) мор. топ ( мачты)
    2. 1) передняя, головная часть (чего-л.); перёд

    the head of a procession [of a column] - голова процессии [колонны]

    at the head of the page [of the list, of the chapter] - в начале страницы [списка, главы]

    at the head of the table - во главе стола, на почётном месте

    to be at the head of the field /pace/ - спорт. вести бег

    2) мор. передняя, носовая часть судна; нос ( судна)

    down by the head - а) на нос; б) образн. подвыпивший

    be in the position ❝head to wind❞ - «стать в левентик» ( парусный спорт)

    3. продвижение вперёд, прогресс

    we are making head at last - мы, наконец, добились сдвигов

    4. крона ( дерева)
    5. 1) головка
    2) колос, метёлка ( злаковых)
    6. главный исток, верховье ( реки)
    7. заглавие, заголовок; рубрика, параграф

    a document arranged under five heads - документ, состоящий из пяти разделов /пунктов/

    8. 1) мед. назревшая головка ( нарыва)

    to come /to draw/ to a head, to gather head - назреть ( о нарыве) [см. тж. 2)]

    2) критическая точка, перелом; кризис

    to come to a head - достигнуть критической стадии [см. тж. 1)]

    trouble coming to a head - беда, которая вот-вот разразится

    to bring smth. to a head - а) обострять что-л.; вызывать кризис; б) доводить что-л. до конца, заканчивать что-л.

    9. 1) головка (булавки, винта и т. п.); цилиндрическая головка ( болта)
    2) шляпка ( гвоздя)
    3) обух ( топора); боёк ( молота); лоб ( зубила)
    4) набалдашник ( трости)
    5) наконечник ( стрелы)
    7) воен. головка снаряда
    8) тех. насадка, ригель
    9) вчт. головка
    10. pl лицевая сторона ( монеты); орёл

    heads or tails? - орёл или решка?

    heads I win, tails you lose - если выпадет орёл, я выигрываю, а если решка - ты проигрываешь; ты проигрываешь в любом случае

    11. 1) пена (на пиве и т. п.)

    with a head on - с шапкой пены, пенящийся

    2) сливки ( на молоке)
    12. подъёмный навес; откидной верх (экипажа, автомобиля)

    a car with a folding /sliding/ head - автомобиль с открывающимся верхом, открытый автомобиль

    13. 1) днище (бочки, цистерны и т. п.)
    2) редк. кожа, натянутая на барабане
    14. элк., радио магнитная головка (тж. magnetic head)
    15. тех. бабка ( станка)
    16. тех. подвижной штамп
    17. стр. верхний брус ( оконной или дверной коробки)
    18. архит. капитель, замочный камень ( свода)
    19. 1) тж. pl горн. богатый концентрат
    2) pl хим. головной погон, головная фракция ( при перегонке)
    20. гидр. разность уровней; напор, высота напора, давление ( столба жидкости)

    to flow by heads - течь прерывистой струёй /толчками/; течь с перебоями

    21. метал. литник, прибыль ( при литье)
    22. геогр. мыс ( часто в названиях)
    23. амер.
    1) мор. жарг. гальюн
    2) прост. уборная, туалет
    III
    1. 1) глава, руководитель, начальник; главный, старший

    the Head - разг. начальник, главный, старший

    the head of a department - амер. руководитель отделения колледжа или университета

    Head of Government [of State] - глава правительства [государства]

    the Head of the Army - командующий вооружёнными силами, главнокомандующий

    2) вождь; вожак; предводитель
    3) = headmaster
    2. верхушка; руководство; головка
    3. ведущее, руководящее положение

    to be at [to rise to] the head of one's class - быть [стать] первым /лучшим/ учеником в классе

    4. лингв. вершина, стержневое слово, «хозяин» ( конструкции)

    head of a nominal expression - вершина /главный член/ именной конструкции

    ♢

    a head of hair - шапка /копна/ волос

    raw head and broody bones - а) изображение черепа с двумя скрещёнными костями; б) пугало, что-л. страшное

    scare head - амер. большой сенсационный заголовок ( в газете)

    an old head on young shoulders - ≅ мудрый не по летам

    big head and little wit - ≅ лоб широк, да мозгу мало

    off /out of/ one's head - сошедший с ума, спятивший; не в своём уме

    to go off /out of/ one's head - сойти с ума, рехнуться

    on one's head - а) на чьей-л. ответственности; б) на чьей-л. совести; в) = standing on one's head

    standing on one's head - легко, без труда

    I can do it standing on my head - мне ничего не стоит это сделать; я сделаю это с закрытыми глазами

    soft /weak/ in the head - придурковатый, глупый, слабоумный

    light in the head - а) испытывающий головокружение; it made him feel light in the head - от этого у него закружилась голова; б) глупый; в) спятивший, сумасшедший

    he is touched in the head - ≅ у него не все дома; у него винтика не хватает

    out of one's own head - из собственной головы, выдуманный, сочинённый

    over head and ears, head over ears (in love, in debt) - по уши (влюблённый, в долгу)

    head over heels, heels over head - а) вверх тормашками, вверх ногами; б) кубарем, кувырком; поспешно; в) до крайности, весьма

    from head to foot /heel/ - с головы до пят

    over /above/ smb.'s head - а) через чью-л. голову, не поставив в известность кого-л.; б) выше чьего-л. понимания /разумения/

    one's head off - до крайней степени; весьма; изо всех сил

    to work one's head off - работать до упаду /как вол/

    to shout one's head off - кричать во всю глотку /что есть мочи/

    to eat one's head off - а) наесться; объесться; есть много или долго; б) не окупать себя, не оправдывать своей работой стоимости содержания; в) ручаться

    I'll eat my head off, I'll give my head for it - даю голову на отсечение, ручаюсь

    to talk smb.'s head off - заговорить кого-л., замучить кого-л. разговорами

    to bite off smb.'s head, to snag /to eat/ smb.'s head off - резко, грубо оборвать кого-л. /огрызнуться/

    to beat smb.'s head off - разбить кого-л. наголову

    to be head and shoulders above others - быть на голову /неизмеримо/ выше других

    heads up! - а) берегись!, осторожнее!; б) посторонись!; heads up, everybody! - посторонись!, с дороги!; в) усилить наблюдение за воздухом! ( команда); г) внимание!; мяч!; сверху! (возглас игрока, пытающегося привлечь внимание к летящему мячу)

    to keep [to lose] one's head - сохранять спокойствие /присутствие духа/ [потерять голову]

    to keep a cool head - сохранять хладнокровие, не терять голову [см. тж. I 2]

    to lift up one's head - снова поднять голову, воспрянуть духом

    to turn smb.'s head - вскружить кому-л. голову

    to take the head - а) понести, закусить удила ( о лошади); б) выйти из повиновения, пуститься во все тяжкие

    to hide one's head - стыдиться; не знать, куда деваться от стыда, прятать глаза

    to hang /to have/ one's head down - а) стыдиться; б) повесить голову

    to hold one's head up, to carry one's head high - высоко держать голову

    to shake one's head at smth. - а) усомниться в чём-л.; б) не одобрять чего-л.; [ср. тж. I 1, 1)]

    to stake one's head on smth., to give one's head for smth. - ручаться головой за что-л., давать голову на отсечение

    to make head against smb., smth. - а) подниматься /восставать/ против кого-л., чего-л.; успешно сопротивляться; б) продвигаться вперёд, несмотря на противодействие

    to break one's head over smth. - ломать голову над чем-л.

    to bury /to hide/ one's head in the sand - зарывать /прятать/ голову в песок; придерживаться страусовой политики

    to hold /to keep/ one's head above water - едва сводить концы с концами, едва перебиваться

    to get a swelled head, to go about with one's head in the air - важничать, задаваться

    to beat /to bang/ one's head against the wall - ≅ биться головой об стену, пытаться прошибить лбом стену

    to have one's head in the clouds - ≅ витать в облаках

    to wash an ass's head - попусту стараться, затрачивать энергию зря

    to knock smb.'s heads together - решительными мерами примирить ссорящихся

    to lay /to put/ heads together - совещаться; совместно консультироваться, обсуждать

    to make head or tail of smth. - понять что-л., разобраться в чём-л.

    not to /to be unable to/ make head or tail of smth. - запутаться в чём-л., не суметь /быть не в состоянии/ разобраться в чём-л.

    to give smb. his head - дать кому-л. волю; разрешить кому-л. действовать по своему усмотрению

    to go to the head - а) опьянить, броситься в голову ( о вине); the whisky has gone to his head - виски ударило ему в голову; б) вскружить голову

    to stand on one's head - ≅ ходить на голове

    to hit the nail on the head - попасть в точку, угадать

    he has a cold in the head - он простудился, у него насморк

    to knock smth. on the head - положить конец чему-л., покончить с чем-л.

    to fling oneself at smb.'s head - ≅ вешаться кому-л. на шею

    to do smth. on one's own head - сделать что-л. с лёгкостью /без труда/

    on your head be it - а) пусть это будет на вашей совести; вы за это ответите; б) пусть возмездие обрушится на вашу голову

    to cut /to make/ shorter by the head - обезглавить

    heads will /would, are likely to/ roll - ≅ многих /кое-кого/ накажут /снимут с работы/

    two heads are better than one - посл. ≅ ум хорошо, а два лучше

    better be the head of a dog, than the tail of a lion - посл. ≅ лучше быть первым в деревне, чем последним в городе

    2. [hed] a
    1. 1) верхний; передний; головной
    2) главный, старший

    head electrician - кино бригадир осветителей

    2. встречный

    head wind - встречный /противный/ ветер

    3. предназначенный для ношения на голове; головной
    3. [hed] v
    1. возглавлять, стоять во главе; идти, стоять впереди

    to head an army [a procession, a parade, an expedition] - возглавлять армию [процессию, парад, экспедицию]

    2. превосходить; быть первым
    3. 1) озаглавливать; начинать (какими-л. словами)

    the article is headed... - статья озаглавлена...

    2) начинать, быть началом, открывать (текст и т. п.)

    these words head the charge - так /такими словами/ начинается обвинительное заключение

    4. 1) направлять

    to head smb. to the proper door - показать кому-л. нужную дверь, направить кого-л. в нужную комнату

    2) направляться; держать курс (куда-л.)

    to head straight for one's destination - направиться прямо к месту назначения

    how does the ship head? - куда направляется судно?

    5. 1) мешать, препятствовать ( движению)
    2) уступать (кому-л.) дорогу
    3) подниматься к истокам (реки, ручья и т. п.); обходить (реку, ручей и т. п.)

    the traveller headed the stream instead of crossing it - путешественник не стал переправляться через ручей, а обошёл /обогнул/ его

    4) двигаться навстречу (чему-л.)

    he headed the driving snow - он шёл в пургу против ветра, снег бил ему в лицо

    5) (for) навлекать на себя, напрашиваться

    to head for trouble - навлекать на себя неприятности; ≅ лезть на рожон

    6. брать начало, вытекать ( о реке)

    the Potomac heads in the Alleghanies - река Потомак берёт начало в Аллеганских горах

    7. насаживать, приделывать головку (к булавке, гвоздю, стреле и т. п.; тж. head up)
    8. (тж. head up)
    1) завиваться, образовывать кочаны (о капусте и т. п.)
    2) колоситься ( о злаковых)
    9. 1) нарвать, созреть ( о нарыве)
    2) достигать наивысшей, критической точки
    10. 1) срезать верхушку (дерева, растения; тж. head down)
    2) снимать, обрезать ( корку)
    3) обезглавливать
    11. отбивать мяч головой; играть головой (тж. head in; футбол)

    ♢ to head a trick - карт. бить /брать взятку/ старшей картой

    НБАРС > head

  • 5 head

    1. [hed] n
    I
    1. 1) голова

    bald head - лысая голова, лысина

    taller by a head, a head taller - на голову выше

    to shake one's head - отрицательно покачать головой [ср. тж. ♢ ]

    to dive head downwards /foremost/ - а) нырять головой вниз; б) действовать опрометчиво /необдуманно/

    to cut off smb.'s head - обезглавить кого-л.; снести кому-л. голову

    to win by a head спорт. - а) опередить на голову; б) еле-еле выиграть ( на скачках; тж. to win by short head)

    my head swims - у меня голова кружится, у меня всё плывёт перед глазами

    2) головной портрет, изображение головы
    3) жизнь

    it will cost him his head - он поплатится за это головой, это будет стоить ему жизни

    2. 1) ум, рассудок; способности

    a cool head - трезвый ум, рассудительный человек [см. тж. ♢ ]

    a hot head - горячая голова, горячий /вспыльчивый/ человек

    a wise head - а) умная голова, умница; б) ирон. умник

    to have a (good) head on one's shoulders - иметь хорошую /светлую/ голову

    to trouble /to bother/ one's head about smth. - а) беспокоиться о чём-л.; б) ломать голову над чем-л.

    to take smth. into one's head, to take it into one's head to do smth. - вбить /забрать/ себе что-л. в голову

    to keep smth. in one's head - держать что-л. в голове; хранить что-л. в памяти

    to be above smb. 's head - быть выше чьего-л. понимания /разумения/

    he has a good [a poor] head for figures - ему хорошо [плохо] даётся арифметика

    it came into his head - ему пришло /взбрело/ в голову

    it never entered his head to help me - ему и в голову не пришло помочь мне

    something put /sent/ it out of my head - это почему-то вылетело /выскочило/ у меня из головы, я почему-то забыл об этом

    2) (физиологическая) переносимость, способность

    he has a good /strong/ head for drink - он может много выпить

    3. человек

    ten dollars a /per/ head - по десяти долларов с человека /с каждого/

    4. (pl без измен.) голова скота

    the park feeds about 40 head of deer - в парке насчитывается около 40 оленей

    5. 1) стадо; стая (птиц)
    2) с.-х. поголовье
    6. амер. разг. головная боль (особ. с похмелья)

    I've got a bad /awful, thick/ head - у меня голова раскалывается /трещит/

    7. сл. рот

    to keep one's head shut - не болтать; помалкивать, попридержать язык

    8. рога ( оленя)
    9. уст. причёска; волосы
    10. амер. сл.
    1) наркоман
    2) фанатик, страстный поклонник, болельщик
    II
    1. 1) верхняя часть (чего-л.); верх, верхушка
    2) мор. топ ( мачты)
    2. 1) передняя, головная часть (чего-л.); перёд

    the head of a procession [of a column] - голова процессии [колонны]

    at the head of the page [of the list, of the chapter] - в начале страницы [списка, главы]

    at the head of the table - во главе стола, на почётном месте

    to be at the head of the field /pace/ - спорт. вести бег

    2) мор. передняя, носовая часть судна; нос ( судна)

    down by the head - а) на нос; б) образн. подвыпивший

    be in the position ❝head to wind❞ - «стать в левентик» ( парусный спорт)

    3. продвижение вперёд, прогресс

    we are making head at last - мы, наконец, добились сдвигов

    4. крона ( дерева)
    5. 1) головка
    2) колос, метёлка ( злаковых)
    6. главный исток, верховье ( реки)
    7. заглавие, заголовок; рубрика, параграф

    a document arranged under five heads - документ, состоящий из пяти разделов /пунктов/

    8. 1) мед. назревшая головка ( нарыва)

    to come /to draw/ to a head, to gather head - назреть ( о нарыве) [см. тж. 2)]

    2) критическая точка, перелом; кризис

    to come to a head - достигнуть критической стадии [см. тж. 1)]

    trouble coming to a head - беда, которая вот-вот разразится

    to bring smth. to a head - а) обострять что-л.; вызывать кризис; б) доводить что-л. до конца, заканчивать что-л.

    9. 1) головка (булавки, винта и т. п.); цилиндрическая головка ( болта)
    2) шляпка ( гвоздя)
    3) обух ( топора); боёк ( молота); лоб ( зубила)
    4) набалдашник ( трости)
    5) наконечник ( стрелы)
    7) воен. головка снаряда
    8) тех. насадка, ригель
    9) вчт. головка
    10. pl лицевая сторона ( монеты); орёл

    heads or tails? - орёл или решка?

    heads I win, tails you lose - если выпадет орёл, я выигрываю, а если решка - ты проигрываешь; ты проигрываешь в любом случае

    11. 1) пена (на пиве и т. п.)

    with a head on - с шапкой пены, пенящийся

    2) сливки ( на молоке)
    12. подъёмный навес; откидной верх (экипажа, автомобиля)

    a car with a folding /sliding/ head - автомобиль с открывающимся верхом, открытый автомобиль

    13. 1) днище (бочки, цистерны и т. п.)
    2) редк. кожа, натянутая на барабане
    14. элк., радио магнитная головка (тж. magnetic head)
    15. тех. бабка ( станка)
    16. тех. подвижной штамп
    17. стр. верхний брус ( оконной или дверной коробки)
    18. архит. капитель, замочный камень ( свода)
    19. 1) тж. pl горн. богатый концентрат
    2) pl хим. головной погон, головная фракция ( при перегонке)
    20. гидр. разность уровней; напор, высота напора, давление ( столба жидкости)

    to flow by heads - течь прерывистой струёй /толчками/; течь с перебоями

    21. метал. литник, прибыль ( при литье)
    22. геогр. мыс ( часто в названиях)
    23. амер.
    1) мор. жарг. гальюн
    2) прост. уборная, туалет
    III
    1. 1) глава, руководитель, начальник; главный, старший

    the Head - разг. начальник, главный, старший

    the head of a department - амер. руководитель отделения колледжа или университета

    Head of Government [of State] - глава правительства [государства]

    the Head of the Army - командующий вооружёнными силами, главнокомандующий

    2) вождь; вожак; предводитель
    3) = headmaster
    2. верхушка; руководство; головка
    3. ведущее, руководящее положение

    to be at [to rise to] the head of one's class - быть [стать] первым /лучшим/ учеником в классе

    4. лингв. вершина, стержневое слово, «хозяин» ( конструкции)

    head of a nominal expression - вершина /главный член/ именной конструкции

    ♢

    a head of hair - шапка /копна/ волос

    raw head and broody bones - а) изображение черепа с двумя скрещёнными костями; б) пугало, что-л. страшное

    scare head - амер. большой сенсационный заголовок ( в газете)

    an old head on young shoulders - ≅ мудрый не по летам

    big head and little wit - ≅ лоб широк, да мозгу мало

    off /out of/ one's head - сошедший с ума, спятивший; не в своём уме

    to go off /out of/ one's head - сойти с ума, рехнуться

    on one's head - а) на чьей-л. ответственности; б) на чьей-л. совести; в) = standing on one's head

    standing on one's head - легко, без труда

    I can do it standing on my head - мне ничего не стоит это сделать; я сделаю это с закрытыми глазами

    soft /weak/ in the head - придурковатый, глупый, слабоумный

    light in the head - а) испытывающий головокружение; it made him feel light in the head - от этого у него закружилась голова; б) глупый; в) спятивший, сумасшедший

    he is touched in the head - ≅ у него не все дома; у него винтика не хватает

    out of one's own head - из собственной головы, выдуманный, сочинённый

    over head and ears, head over ears (in love, in debt) - по уши (влюблённый, в долгу)

    head over heels, heels over head - а) вверх тормашками, вверх ногами; б) кубарем, кувырком; поспешно; в) до крайности, весьма

    from head to foot /heel/ - с головы до пят

    over /above/ smb.'s head - а) через чью-л. голову, не поставив в известность кого-л.; б) выше чьего-л. понимания /разумения/

    one's head off - до крайней степени; весьма; изо всех сил

    to work one's head off - работать до упаду /как вол/

    to shout one's head off - кричать во всю глотку /что есть мочи/

    to eat one's head off - а) наесться; объесться; есть много или долго; б) не окупать себя, не оправдывать своей работой стоимости содержания; в) ручаться

    I'll eat my head off, I'll give my head for it - даю голову на отсечение, ручаюсь

    to talk smb.'s head off - заговорить кого-л., замучить кого-л. разговорами

    to bite off smb.'s head, to snag /to eat/ smb.'s head off - резко, грубо оборвать кого-л. /огрызнуться/

    to beat smb.'s head off - разбить кого-л. наголову

    to be head and shoulders above others - быть на голову /неизмеримо/ выше других

    heads up! - а) берегись!, осторожнее!; б) посторонись!; heads up, everybody! - посторонись!, с дороги!; в) усилить наблюдение за воздухом! ( команда); г) внимание!; мяч!; сверху! (возглас игрока, пытающегося привлечь внимание к летящему мячу)

    to keep [to lose] one's head - сохранять спокойствие /присутствие духа/ [потерять голову]

    to keep a cool head - сохранять хладнокровие, не терять голову [см. тж. I 2]

    to lift up one's head - снова поднять голову, воспрянуть духом

    to turn smb.'s head - вскружить кому-л. голову

    to take the head - а) понести, закусить удила ( о лошади); б) выйти из повиновения, пуститься во все тяжкие

    to hide one's head - стыдиться; не знать, куда деваться от стыда, прятать глаза

    to hang /to have/ one's head down - а) стыдиться; б) повесить голову

    to hold one's head up, to carry one's head high - высоко держать голову

    to shake one's head at smth. - а) усомниться в чём-л.; б) не одобрять чего-л.; [ср. тж. I 1, 1)]

    to stake one's head on smth., to give one's head for smth. - ручаться головой за что-л., давать голову на отсечение

    to make head against smb., smth. - а) подниматься /восставать/ против кого-л., чего-л.; успешно сопротивляться; б) продвигаться вперёд, несмотря на противодействие

    to break one's head over smth. - ломать голову над чем-л.

    to bury /to hide/ one's head in the sand - зарывать /прятать/ голову в песок; придерживаться страусовой политики

    to hold /to keep/ one's head above water - едва сводить концы с концами, едва перебиваться

    to get a swelled head, to go about with one's head in the air - важничать, задаваться

    to beat /to bang/ one's head against the wall - ≅ биться головой об стену, пытаться прошибить лбом стену

    to have one's head in the clouds - ≅ витать в облаках

    to wash an ass's head - попусту стараться, затрачивать энергию зря

    to knock smb.'s heads together - решительными мерами примирить ссорящихся

    to lay /to put/ heads together - совещаться; совместно консультироваться, обсуждать

    to make head or tail of smth. - понять что-л., разобраться в чём-л.

    not to /to be unable to/ make head or tail of smth. - запутаться в чём-л., не суметь /быть не в состоянии/ разобраться в чём-л.

    to give smb. his head - дать кому-л. волю; разрешить кому-л. действовать по своему усмотрению

    to go to the head - а) опьянить, броситься в голову ( о вине); the whisky has gone to his head - виски ударило ему в голову; б) вскружить голову

    to stand on one's head - ≅ ходить на голове

    to hit the nail on the head - попасть в точку, угадать

    he has a cold in the head - он простудился, у него насморк

    to knock smth. on the head - положить конец чему-л., покончить с чем-л.

    to fling oneself at smb.'s head - ≅ вешаться кому-л. на шею

    to do smth. on one's own head - сделать что-л. с лёгкостью /без труда/

    on your head be it - а) пусть это будет на вашей совести; вы за это ответите; б) пусть возмездие обрушится на вашу голову

    to cut /to make/ shorter by the head - обезглавить

    heads will /would, are likely to/ roll - ≅ многих /кое-кого/ накажут /снимут с работы/

    two heads are better than one - посл. ≅ ум хорошо, а два лучше

    better be the head of a dog, than the tail of a lion - посл. ≅ лучше быть первым в деревне, чем последним в городе

    2. [hed] a
    1. 1) верхний; передний; головной
    2) главный, старший

    head electrician - кино бригадир осветителей

    2. встречный

    head wind - встречный /противный/ ветер

    3. предназначенный для ношения на голове; головной
    3. [hed] v
    1. возглавлять, стоять во главе; идти, стоять впереди

    to head an army [a procession, a parade, an expedition] - возглавлять армию [процессию, парад, экспедицию]

    2. превосходить; быть первым
    3. 1) озаглавливать; начинать (какими-л. словами)

    the article is headed... - статья озаглавлена...

    2) начинать, быть началом, открывать (текст и т. п.)

    these words head the charge - так /такими словами/ начинается обвинительное заключение

    4. 1) направлять

    to head smb. to the proper door - показать кому-л. нужную дверь, направить кого-л. в нужную комнату

    2) направляться; держать курс (куда-л.)

    to head straight for one's destination - направиться прямо к месту назначения

    how does the ship head? - куда направляется судно?

    5. 1) мешать, препятствовать ( движению)
    2) уступать (кому-л.) дорогу
    3) подниматься к истокам (реки, ручья и т. п.); обходить (реку, ручей и т. п.)

    the traveller headed the stream instead of crossing it - путешественник не стал переправляться через ручей, а обошёл /обогнул/ его

    4) двигаться навстречу (чему-л.)

    he headed the driving snow - он шёл в пургу против ветра, снег бил ему в лицо

    5) (for) навлекать на себя, напрашиваться

    to head for trouble - навлекать на себя неприятности; ≅ лезть на рожон

    6. брать начало, вытекать ( о реке)

    the Potomac heads in the Alleghanies - река Потомак берёт начало в Аллеганских горах

    7. насаживать, приделывать головку (к булавке, гвоздю, стреле и т. п.; тж. head up)
    8. (тж. head up)
    1) завиваться, образовывать кочаны (о капусте и т. п.)
    2) колоситься ( о злаковых)
    9. 1) нарвать, созреть ( о нарыве)
    2) достигать наивысшей, критической точки
    10. 1) срезать верхушку (дерева, растения; тж. head down)
    2) снимать, обрезать ( корку)
    3) обезглавливать
    11. отбивать мяч головой; играть головой (тж. head in; футбол)

    ♢ to head a trick - карт. бить /брать взятку/ старшей картой

    НБАРС > head

  • 6 get

    1. n приплод, потомство
    2. n диал. заработок, получка
    3. n диал. прибыль
    4. v доставать; добывать
    5. v доставать и приносить

    get stuffed! — иди ты!; отвяжись!

    to get a shop — занять первое, второе или третье место

    6. v добиваться, получать
    7. v зарабатывать, получать

    to get wages — получать зарплату, зарабатывать

    if I am not working I get no pay — если я не работаю, мне не платят

    8. v получать
    9. v покупать, приобретать
    10. v поймать, схватить

    get hold of — схватывать; схватить

    11. v разг. отомстить
    12. v захватывать, увлекать, волновать
    13. v раздражать
    14. v понимать, постигать

    let me get this clear: is she married or not? — объясните мне, она замужем или нет?

    15. v улавливать, замечать, наблюдать
    16. v доводить до сознания; пронять
    17. v озадачить, поставить в тупик
    18. v попасть, угодить

    to get pulled — попасть под арест; угодить в тюрьму

    19. v получить, «схлопотать»
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. seed (noun) brood; descendants; issue; offspring; posterity; progeny; seed
    2. acquire (verb) acquire; annex; chalk up; come by; compass; gain; have; land; obtain; procure; pull; secure
    3. affect (verb) affect; carry; impress; inspire; move; strike; sway; touch
    4. become (verb) become; develop; go; grow; run; turn; wax
    5. beget (verb) beget; breed; engender; father; generate; procreate; produce; progenerate; propagate; sire
    6. catch (verb) bag; capture; catch; collar; nail; prehend; seize
    7. coerce (verb) coerce; compel; persuade; urge
    8. come (verb) arrive; come; come to; contact; get in; reach; show; show up; turn up
    9. induce (verb) adjust; argue into; bring around; convince; derive; dispose; draw; draw in; draw on; induce; influence; oversway; prevail on; prevail upon; prompt; talk into; win over
    10. irritate (verb) aggravate; annoy; bother; burn up; chafe; disturb; exasperate; fret; gall; grate; huff; inflame; irk; irritate; nettle; peeve; pique; provoke; put out; rile; roil; ruffle; vex
    11. learn (verb) apprehend; comprehend; grasp; know; learn; master; perceive; pick up; understand
    12. make (verb) bring in; chalk up; deserve; draw down; earn; knock down; make; merit; pull down; win
    13. memorize (verb) con; memorize
    14. nonplus (verb) beat; buffalo; nonplus; stick; stump
    15. prepare (verb) arrange; fit; fix; get ready; make up; prepare; ready
    16. take (verb) come down with; contract; net; sicken; sicken of; sicken with; take
    Антонимический ряд:
    abjure; desert; discourage; forego; forfeit; forgo; forsake; leave; lose; misconstrue; misunderstand; quit; release; relinquish; remain; renounce

    English-Russian base dictionary > get

  • 7 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

См. также в других словарях:

  • draw the line at something — draw the line at (something) if someone says that they draw the line at a particular way of behaving, they mean that they do not do it because they think it is wrong or too extreme. I know I swear a lot but I do draw the line at certain words. I… …   New idioms dictionary

  • draw the line at something doing something — draw the ˈline (at sth/at doing sth) idiom to refuse to do sth; to set a limit • I don t mind helping, but I draw the line at doing everything myself. • We would have liked to invite all our relatives, but you have to draw the line somewhere.… …   Useful english dictionary

  • draw the line between something and something — draw the ˈline (between sth and sth) idiom to distinguish between two closely related ideas • Where do you draw the line between genius and madness? Main entry: ↑drawidiom …   Useful english dictionary

  • draw the line at — (something) if someone says that they draw the line at a particular way of behaving, they mean that they do not do it because they think it is wrong or too extreme. I know I swear a lot but I do draw the line at certain words. I like a beer or… …   New idioms dictionary

  • draw a line under something — draw a line under (something) if you draw a line under something, it is finished and you do not think about it again. Let s draw a line under the whole episode and try to continue our work in a more positive frame of mind …   New idioms dictionary

  • draw the line at doing something — draw the line at (doing something) to decide you will not do something. I love vampires, but I draw the line at attending some silly Dracula convention. Where to draw the line on treatment for people who are dying is a decision made by patients,… …   New idioms dictionary

  • draw the line at — (doing something) to decide you will not do something. I love vampires, but I draw the line at attending some silly Dracula convention. Where to draw the line on treatment for people who are dying is a decision made by patients, their families… …   New idioms dictionary

  • draw\ the\ line — • draw a line • draw the line v. phr. 1. To think of as different. The law in this country draws a line between murder and manslaughter. Can you draw the line between a lie and a fib? 2. To set a limit to what will be done; say something cannot… …   Словарь американских идиом

  • draw the line at at doing something — draw the ˈline (at sth/at doing sth) idiom to refuse to do sth; to set a limit • I don t mind helping, but I draw the line at doing everything myself. • We would have liked to invite all our relatives, but you have to draw the line somewhere.… …   Useful english dictionary

  • draw the line — informal to say that you will definitely not allow or accept something draw the line at: We draw the line at acts of violent protest …   English dictionary

  • draw a/the line — see ↑line, 1 • • • Main Entry: ↑draw draw a/the line 1 : to see or understand the difference between things Where do you draw the line between what is good and bad art? It is sometimes hard to draw a line between right and wrong …   Useful english dictionary

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