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1 cultural influence
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2 (a) cultural influence
a cultural (lasting) influence культурное (продолжительное) влияниеEnglish-Russian combinatory dictionary > (a) cultural influence
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3 cross-cultural influence
s.transculturización, trasculturización. -
4 influence
1. n(on / with smb) влияние; воздействие (на кого-л.)influence declines / diminishes / wanes — влияние падает
to be under the influence — 1) быть / находиться под влиянием 2) быть в состоянии алкогольного опьянения
to bolster one's influence — усиливать свое влияние
to come under smb's influence — попадать под чье-л. влияние
to counteract smb's influence — противодействовать чьему-л. влиянию
to diminish smb's influence on smb — уменьшать чье-л. влияние на кого-л.
to exert influence on smb — оказывать влияние на кого-л.
to fall under the influence of smb — попадать под чье-л. влияние
to have influence on smth — оказывать влияние на что-л.
to have influence over / with smb — иметь влияние на кого-л.
to intercept smb's influence — препятствовать чьему-л. воздействию; не допускать чьего-л. влияния / воздействия
to lose one's influence on smb — утрачивать влияние на кого-л.
to neutralize smb's influence — нейтрализовать чье-л. влияние
to restrain / to restrict influence — ограничивать влияние
to strengthen one's influence — усиливать влияние
- backstage influenceto wield ( one's) influence — иметь влияние, пользоваться влиянием
- back-stairs influence
- behind-the-scenes influence
- beneficial influence
- corrupting influence
- cultural influence
- decisive influence
- decline of influence
- direct influence
- economic influence - growing influence
- growth of influence
- ideological influence
- increasing influence
- influence of ideas
- loss of personal influence
- man of influence
- marked influence
- means of ideological influence
- measures of ideological influence
- political influence
- power of public influence
- power of social influence
- profound influence
- psychological influence
- public influence
- scramble for influence
- social influence - strong influence
- undue influence
- vestiges of influence
- waning influence
- worldwide influence 2. vвлиять (на кого-л.), влиять (на что-л.)to influence smb by one's example — воздействовать на кого-л. силой примера
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5 influence
I ['ɪnflʊəns] nвлияние, воздействие, действиеHe used his influence with the committee. — Он использовал свое влияние в комитете.
It never had a really wide influence. — Это никогда не имело действительно большого влияния. /Это не пользовалось действительно большим влиянием.
He had a great influence upon his students. — Он оказал большое влияние на своих студентов.
- good influence- cultural influence
- telling influence
- sobering influence
- lasting influences over human life
- person of influence
- question of influence
- people of influence in the world of art
- influence of the family
- influence on smb's opinion
- influence of the mind on the body
- under smb's influence
- under the influence of smb, of smth
- under climatic influence
- owing to outside influence
- due to outside influence
- owing to protective influence of vaccination against small-pox
- under the influence of modern life
- under the influence of drugs
- have a great influence on smb, smth
- have a direct influence
- undergo a European influence
- exclude bad influence
- hold smb under a hypnotic influence
- have a considerable influence on the 19th century thought
- have little influence on Western civilisation
- use undue influence
- feelike influence of music
- take decision under the immediate influence of fear
- come under the influence of his friends
- have influence with the people
- be an influence for the peace
- use one's influence
- undergo smb's influence
- escape smb's influence
- shake off smb's influence
- do everything within one's influence
- give smb his influence
- use your influence with him
- question of family influence
- his influence in his native townUSAGE:Существительное influence употребляется для обозначения влияния, которое оказывают люди на поведение других людей, события, обстоятельства и используется с предлогами on, with, over: he has a strange influence over her он имеет над ней странную власть; teachers have a great influence on young people преподаватели оказывают сильное влияние на молодых людей; he used all his influence with the committee to get their approval of the plan он использовал в комитете все свое влияние, чтобы добиться у них одобрения этого плана. Влияние, которое оказывают неживые предметы (обстоятельства, события, свойства), обозначается существительным effect: to have an effect on smth, smb оказывать влияние на кого-либо, что-либо; the medicine had no effect on him лекарство на него не подействовало; the towers have a great effect on the sound of the bells башни оказывают большое влияние на качество акустики колоколов; heat had no effect on the spacecraft жара не оказывает никакого влияния на космический корабльII ['ɪnflʊəns] vвлиять, воздействовать, оказывать влияниеHe is easily influenced. — Он легко поддается влиянию.
The high mountains influence the climate. — Высокие горы влияют на климат
- influence smb, smth- influence smb's choice
- influence deeply -
6 influence
['ɪnfluən(t)s] 1. сущ.1)а) влияние, действие, воздействиеbad / baleful / baneful influence — дурное влияние
leavening / moderating influence — сдерживающее влияние
negative / pernicious influence — негативное влияние, плохое влияние, пагубное воздействие
positive influence — позитивное, положительное влияние
powerful / profound / strong influence — сильное, мощное влияние
to bear / wield influence — иметь влияние
to consolidate / strengthen one's influence — укреплять своё влияние
to counteract / curb / neutralize smb.'s influence — ограничивать, нейтрализовать чьё-л. влияние
to exert influence on smb. — оказывать влияние на кого-л.
They have enough influence to get the bill passed. — У них достаточно влияния, чтобы протащить этот законопроект.
•Syn:TV is a bad influence on people. — Телевидение плохо влияет на людей.
3) эл. индукцияSyn:••2. гл.оказывать влияние, влиять, воздействоватьto influence deeply / profoundly / strongly — оказывать сильное влияние
Syn: -
7 influence
1 გავლენაgood / bad influence კარგი / ცუდი აგვლენაa good / cultural influence კეთილი / კულტურული ზეგავლენაhe used all his influence to get this post თანამდებობის მოსაპოვებლად მთელი თავისი გავლენა გამოიყენა●●I have little influence with her მისთვის მე ავტორიტეტს არ წარმოვადგენ2 გავლენის მოხდენა (გავლენას მოახდენს), გავლენის ქონა, გავლენის ქვეშ მოქცევაscope of influence გავლენის არე / სფეროan unwholesome influence არაჯანსაღი/ცუდი გავლენა -
8 cultural resources of influence
пол. культурные ресурсы влияния (знания и информация, а также средства их получения и распространения: институты науки и образования, средства массовой информации и др.)Syn:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > cultural resources of influence
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9 due to outside influence
due to outside (evil, male, foreign, cultural) influence в результате внешнего (временного, мужского, иностранного, культурного) воздействия/влиянияEnglish-Russian combinatory dictionary > due to outside influence
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10 owing to outside influence
owing to outside (evil, male, foreign, cultural) influence благодаря внешнему (временному, мужскому, иностранному, культурному) воздействию/влияниюEnglish-Russian combinatory dictionary > owing to outside influence
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11 economic resources of influence
пол. экономические ресурсы влияния (материальные ценности, необходимые для общественного и личного производства и потребления, деньги как их всеобщий эквивалент, техника, плодородные земли, полезные ископаемые и т. п.)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > economic resources of influence
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12 compulsory resources of influence
пол. силовые ресурсы влияния (оружие, институты физического принуждения и специально подготовленные для этого люди; в государстве их ядро составляют армия, полиция, службы безопасности, суд и прокуратура с их вещественными атрибутами: зданиями, снаряжением и техникой, тюрьмами и т. п.)Syn:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > compulsory resources of influence
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13 demography resources of influence
пол. демографические ресурсы влияния (люди как универсальный, многофункциональный ресурс, который производит другие "ресурсы влияния"; каждый человек является создателем материальных благ — экономические ресурсы, солдатом и членом партии — силовые и социальные ресурсы, обладателем и распространителем знаний и информации — культурно-информационные ресурсы, и т. д.)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > demography resources of influence
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14 resources of influence
пол. ресурсы влияния (все средства, использование которых обеспечивает влияние субъекта на объект власти)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > resources of influence
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15 normative resources of influence
пол. нормативные ресурсы влияния (средства воздействия на внутренний мир, ценностные ориентации и нормы поведения человека; они призваны убедить подчиненных в общности интересов руководителя и исполнителей, обеспечить одобрение действий субъекта власти, принятие его требований)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > normative resources of influence
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16 social resources of influence
пол. социальные ресурсы влияния (способность повышения или понижения социального статуса или ранга, места в социальной стратификации; они частично совпадают с экономическими ресурсами)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > social resources of influence
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17 informational resources of influence
Англо-русский экономический словарь > informational resources of influence
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18 культурное влияние
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19 Language
By 2009, the Portuguese language was spoken by more than 210 million people and the number of Portuguese-speakers exceeded the number of French-speakers in the world. Seven countries have Portuguese as the official language, Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde Islands, Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe Islands, Angola, and Mozambique. Overseas Portuguese, who number 4 million, reside in another two dozen countries and continue to speak Portuguese. There are distinct differences between Brazilian and Continental (Portugal) Portuguese in spelling, pronunciation, syntax, and grammar, but both versions comprise the same language.Next to Rumanian, Portuguese is the closest of the Romance languages to old Latin. Like Gallician, to which it is intimately linked as a colanguage, Portuguese is an outgrowth of Latin as spoken in ancient Hispanica. It began to appear as a distinct language separate from Latin and Castilian in the ninth century, and historic Portuguese made its full appearance during the 12th and 13th centuries. Major changes in the language came under the influence of Castilian in the ninth and 16th centuries, and there was a Castilianization of Portuguese culture during the 1580-1640 era of Spanish rule of Portugal and its empire.The cultural aspects of Portugal reasserting her sovereignty and restoring national independence was a reaction against Castile and Castilianization. In language, this meant that Portugal opened itself to foreign, but non-Hispanic influences. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, French culture and French language became major influences enriching the Portuguese language. In international politics, there continued the impact of the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, a connection that has been less cultural than political and economic. For all the centuries of English influence in Portugal since the late 14th century, it is interesting how little cultural influence occurred, at least until recently, and how relatively few words from English have entered the language. With the globalization of English, this began to change in the late 20th century, but there remain many more loan words from Arabic, French, and Italian. -
20 Catholic church
The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation.
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