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81 geschäftlich
geschäftlich I adj 1. GEN on business; 2. MGT managerial geschäftlich II adv GEN commercially • geschäftlich ausgerichtet GEN business-oriented • geschäftlich unterwegs sein GEN be on the road, be travelling on business* * *adv < Geschäft> commercially ■ geschäftlich ausgerichtet < Geschäft> business-oriented ■ geschäftlich unterwegs sein < Geschäft> be on the road, be travelling on business* * *geschäftlich
commercial, mercantile, businesslike, businesswise, on business, trade;
• zum Teil geschäftlich semi-business;
• rein geschäftlich betrachtet from a business point of view;
• geschäftlich unerfahren inexperienced in business;
• geschäftlich verhindert prevented (held up) by business;
• sich geschäftlich auszahlen to make business sense;
• sich geschäftlich betätigen to be engaged in business;
• j. geschäftlich etablieren to set up s. o. in trade;
• geschäftlich nach A fahren to be going to A on business;
• geschäftlich mit jem. zu tun haben to do business with s. o., to have dealings with s. o.;
• geschäftlich beteiligt (interessiert) sein to hold shares in business enterprises;
• geschäftlich tätig sein to be [engaged] in (do, transact) business;
• geschäftlich unterwegs (verreist) sein to be away on business (out on one’s tour), to travel on business;
• j. geschäftlich voranbringen to give s. o. a boost in business;
• geschäftlich aufgehalten werden to be detained [in the office] by business;
• nur geschäftlich benutzt werden (Auto) to be used entirely for business;
• mit jem. geschäftlich zusammenarbeiten to do business with s. o.;
• ich komme geschäftlich my call is a business one;
• geschäftliche Angaben business data;
• geschäftliche Angelegenheit business matter (pursuit);
• in einer geschäftlichen Angelegenheit on business;
• geschäftliches Ansehen credit, [business] reputation, standing;
• geschäftliche Anstrengungen business tensions;
• geschäftliche Auswirkungen business effects;
• mit jem. nur auf rein geschäftlicher Basis verhandeln to deal with s. o. at arm’s length;
• geschäftliche Bekanntmachung trade publication;
• geschäftliche Besprechung business conference (conversation, negotiations);
• geschäftliche Beziehungen business relations;
• in geschäftlichen Dingen zuverlässig sein to be exact in business;
• geschäftliche Dispositionen business measures;
• jem. geschäftlichen Einblick gewähren to give s. o. sight into the business;
• geschäftliche Einkäufe business buying;
• geschäftliche Einstellung business attitude;
• geschäftliche Empfehlung business reference;
• geschäftliche Entscheidung business decision;
• geschäftliche Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten business development possibilities;
• geschäftliche Erfahrungen als Führungskraft business experience at management level;
• geschäftlicher Erfolg business winner;
• nach geschäftlichen Gesichtspunkten along commercial lines;
• geschäftliche Grundlage erweitern to spread one’s business base;
• geschäftliche Interessen business interest;
• geschäftliche Konkurrenz trade rivalry;
• geschäftlicher Misserfolg business fiasco;
• geschäftliche Mitteilungen business publications, (Rundfunk) commercial announcements;
• geschäftliche Möglichkeiten business ways (opportunities);
• geschäftliche Nachrichten business news;
• geschäftliche Niederlassung business location (US);
• geschäftliche Nötigung business compulsion;
• vom geschäftlichen Standpunkt aus gesehen from a business point of view;
• früh viel versprechendes geschäftliches Talent zeigen to show early business promise;
• geschäftliche Tätigkeit business (economic) activity;
• geschäftlicher Teil business end (coll.);
• geschäftliche Umgangsformen business manners;
• geschäftliches Unternehmen business venture, (Firma) business corporation;
• geschäftliche Unternehmung commercial operation;
• geschäftliche Verabredung business appointment;
• geschäftliche Veränderungen business changes;
• geschäftliche Verbindungen business links;
• geschäftliche Vereinigung business league;
• geschäftliche Verhandlungen business conference (negotiations);
• geschäftliche Verpflichtungen business commitments;
• geschäftlicher Vertreter business agent;
• geschäftlicher Vorschlag business proposition;
• geschäftlicher Zusammenbruch business failure;
• vor dem geschäftlichen Zusammenbruch stehen to face the collapse of one’s business, to steer near receivership.
abgerufen werden, geschäftlich
to be called away on business.
verreist, geschäftlich
away on business. -
82 Bankobligationen
Bankobligationen
bank bonds;
• Bankpanik run on a bank;
• Bankpapier bank paper, banker’s note;
• Bankpfandrecht banker’s lien;
• Bankplatz banking centre (place);
• Bankpolitik banking policy;
• Bankportefeuille bank portefeuille, portfolio of a bank;
• Bankpraxis practice of banking, banking practice;
• Bankprivileg bank charter;
• Bankprodukt banking product;
• Bankprovision banker’s (banking, bank’s) commission, bank charges;
• Bankquittung bank receipt;
• Bankrate discount (bank, Br.) rate;
• Bankraub bank robbery (raid);
• Bankräuber bank robber;
• Bankreferenz banker’s reference;
• Bankreform banking reform;
• goldene Bankregeln golden rules of banking, banker’s rule;
• Bankrembours commercial credit;
• Bankrevision bank examination (US) (audit);
• Bankrevisor bank’s inspector (auditor), bank examiner, (US). -
83 Warenbevorschusser
Warenbevorschusser
factor;
• Warenbevorschussung warehouse loan, commodity advance, advance against products, factoring, (Bilanz) selling accounts receivable outright (US);
• Warenbevorschussung vornehmen to advance against products;
• Warenbewegung merchandise movement;
• Waren- und Kapitalbewegung goods and capital movement;
• Warenbewertung evaluation of goods, merchandise (inventory) valuation;
• Warenbewirtschaftung commodity control, rationing of goods;
• Warenbewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen rationing arrangements;
• Warenbezeichnung description of goods, description (denomination) of commodities, merchandise (trade) description, commercial mark, (Bahn) billing reference;
• Warenbezieher importer;
• Warenbezug procurement of goods;
• Warenbezug zu verbilligten Preisen cooperative purchasing;
• Warenbezugsprämie trading stamp;
• Warenbezugsschein purchase (purchasing) permit;
• Waren- und Dienstleistungsbilanz balance of trade in goods and services, balance of payments on current account;
• Warenbonuskredit commercial acceptance credit;
• Warenbörse produce exchange, commodity exchange (COMEX), commodity market;
• überseeisches Warenbörsengeschäft merchanting (Br.);
• Warenbuchhaltung merchandise accounting;
• kostenloses Warendarlehen loan for exchange;
• Warendeckung commodity coverage;
• Warendeklaration specification [of merchandise];
• Warendepot goods depository, warehouse (US);
• Warendiskont trade discount;
• Warendisposition stock holding;
• Warendumping betreiben to dump goods;
• Wareneigentümer owner of the goods, holder of stocks;
• Wareneinfuhr entry (importation) of goods, import of commodities, introduction of goods into a country;
• Wareneinfuhr in handelsüblichen Mindestmengen importation of goods in minimum commercial quantities;
• Wareneinfuhrbilanz balance of merchandise imports;
• Wareneingang goods received, incoming goods (stocks), arrival (coming-in) of goods, stock receipt;
• Warenein- undWarenausgang purchase and sale of goods;
• Wareneingang bestätigen (quittieren) to sign for the goods. -
84 cargo
m.1 charge (cuidado).los niños han quedado a mi cargo the children have been left in my careestar a cargo de algo, tener algo a su cargo to be in charge of somethinghacerse cargo de to take charge of; (asumir el control de) to take care of; (ocuparse de) to understand (comprender)me hago cargo de la difícil situación I am aware of o I realize the difficulty of the situationme da cargo de conciencia dejarle pagar I feel bad about letting him pay2 post, position (empleo).ocupa un cargo muy importante she holds a very important position o postcargo público public office3 charge (finance).con cargo a charged tocorrer a cargo de to be borne byhacerse cargo de to pay for4 charge (law) (acusación).formular graves cargos contra alguien to bring serious charges against somebody5 debit, fee, debit charge.6 freight, loading.7 office.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cargar.* * *1 (peso) load, weight2 (empleo) post, position3 (gobierno, custodia) charge, responsibility4 FINANZAS charge, debit\correr a cargo de alguien to be the responsibility of somebody■ el discurso de inauguración correrá a cargo del Sr. Torres Sr. Torres will make the opening speechdesempeñar el cargo de / ocupar el cargo de to occupy the post ofestar al cargo de to be in charge ofjurar el cargo to take an oathalto cargo top job, high-ranking positioncargo de conciencia figurado weight on one's conscience* * *noun m.1) load, burden2) charge3) post, office* * *SM1) (=puesto) postocupa el cargo de comisario europeo desde hace tres años — he has held the office o post of European Commissioner for three years
ha dimitido un alto cargo directivo — a top o senior official has resigned
han quedado vacantes tres altos cargos — three high-ranking positions o top posts have become vacant
•
desempeñar un cargo — to hold a position•
jurar el cargo — to be sworn in•
poner el cargo a disposición de algn — euf to offer up one's post to sbcargo público — (=puesto) public office; (=persona) person in public office
2)•
a cargo de —a) (=responsable de) in charge of, responsible forlas tropas a cargo de los refugiados — the troops in charge of o responsible for the refugees
los detectives a cargo de la investigación — the detectives in charge of o heading the investigation
b) (=bajo la responsabilidad de)la presentación del programa estuvo a cargo de una actriz desconocida — the programme was presented by an unknown actress
"formación a cargo de la empresa" — "training will be provided"
la clausura del festival estará a cargo de Plácido Domingo — Plácido Domingo will be the main attraction of the festival's closing ceremony
un concierto a cargo de la orquesta de cámara de la ciudad — a concert performed by the city's chamber orchestra
las reparaciones correrán a cargo del dueño — the cost of repairs will be met by the owner, repairs will be paid for by the owner
•
tener algo a su cargo — to be in charge of sth, be responsible for sth20 policías tenían a su cargo la seguridad del monarca — 20 policemen were in charge of o responsible for the king's security
los niños que tengo a mi cargo — the children in my care o charge frm
3)• hacerse cargo de — (=encargarse) to take charge of; (=pagar) to pay for; (=entender) to realize
cuando él murió, su hijo se hizo cargo del negocio — when he died, his son took charge of o took over the business
el ejército se hizo cargo del poder — the army took over power o took control
deben hacerse cargo de los daños causados a los muebles — they should pay for breakages to the furniture
la empresa no quiso hacerse cargo de la reparación — the company refused to meet the costs of repair
me hago cargo de la importancia de estas conversaciones — I am aware of o realize how important these talks are
-estamos pasando unos momentos difíciles -sí, ya me hago cargo — "we're going through difficult times" - "yes, I understand o realize"
4) (Com) chargepaga siempre con cargo a su cuenta corriente — he always charges payments directly to his current account
cargo por gestión — [de un billete electrónico] administration fee
5) (Jur) chargeel fiscal retiró los cargos contra el acusado — the prosecution dropped all the charges against the defendant
pliego, testigo 1., 1)cargo de conciencia, tengo cargo de conciencia por el tiempo perdido — I feel guilty about all that wasted time
* * *1) ( puesto) post, position (frml)2) (responsabilidad, cuidado)a)a cargo de alguien: los niños están a mi cargo the children are in my care o (frml) charge; el negocio quedó a su cargo he was left in charge of the business; dejé/puse las ventas a cargo de Luque I left/put Luque in charge of sales; tiene cuatro hijos a su cargo or (Col) a cargo he has four children to support; tiene a su cargo la división comercial — she is responsible for o in charge of the sales department
b)c)correr a cargo de alguien: los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa expenses will be paid o met by the company; la organización del concierto corre a mi cargo — I'm responsible for organizing the concert
d)hacerse cargo de algo — ( hacerse responsable) de puesto/tarea to take charge of something; de gastos to take care of something; ( comprender) (Esp) to undertand something, to appreciate something
3) (Com, Fin) chargecon cargo a mi cuenta — to be debited against o charged to my account
4) (Der) charge5) (Chi, Per) date-and-time stamp for documents* * *1) ( puesto) post, position (frml)2) (responsabilidad, cuidado)a)a cargo de alguien: los niños están a mi cargo the children are in my care o (frml) charge; el negocio quedó a su cargo he was left in charge of the business; dejé/puse las ventas a cargo de Luque I left/put Luque in charge of sales; tiene cuatro hijos a su cargo or (Col) a cargo he has four children to support; tiene a su cargo la división comercial — she is responsible for o in charge of the sales department
b)c)correr a cargo de alguien: los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa expenses will be paid o met by the company; la organización del concierto corre a mi cargo — I'm responsible for organizing the concert
d)hacerse cargo de algo — ( hacerse responsable) de puesto/tarea to take charge of something; de gastos to take care of something; ( comprender) (Esp) to undertand something, to appreciate something
3) (Com, Fin) chargecon cargo a mi cuenta — to be debited against o charged to my account
4) (Der) charge5) (Chi, Per) date-and-time stamp for documents* * *cargo11 = officer, official, position, post, office, job title, incumbent.Nota: Nombre.Ex: Thus, sometimes the information does not reach those officers who would benefit most from access to it.
Ex: See also reference tracings include related headings such as personal and corporate headings for officials, pseudonyms used as uniform headings, etc.Ex: He has held a variety of positions of increasing responsibility.Ex: The chief librarian or director of libraries, by which title the post is sometimes now known, will in general be fully occupied with making decisions on internal professional policy.Ex: Until Groome appeared, city officials were chosen not so much for their ability to administer the affairs of their offices as for who they knew; hence, old-style machine politics with its accompanying corruption found a congenial atmosphere in which to operate.Ex: The job title is designed to indicate the group (professional, associate, technician, or clerk) to which the job belongs and the level of the job within that grouping.Ex: This practice of having the former incumbent of the job train the new employee is risky, particularly if that departing employee has in any way been a problem.* alto cargo = senior post, senior manager, senior executive, high official, top manager, senior official.* alto cargo público = senior public official.* altos cargos = people in high office.* ascender a un cargo = rise to + position.* aspirar a un cargo = aspire to + position.* beneficios del cargo, los = spoils of office, the.* cargo de director = directorship.* cargo directivo = senior post, top official, senior position, managerial position, executive position, top position.* cargo ejecutivo = managerial position, executive position.* cargo ejecutivo del gobierno = government executive.* cargo ministerial = ministry official.* cargo oficial = officer.* cargo político = government official.* cargo público = public official, federal official, elected official, public office.* dejar un cargo = resign + office, step down from + Posesivo + position, leave + office.* dimitir de un cargo = step down from + Posesivo + position, stand down.* en el cargo = in the saddle, in office.* en virtud del cargo que ocupa = ex officio.* en virtud de su cargo = ex officio.* jurar un cargo = swear in.* ocupar el cargo = be in the position.* ocupar un cargo = hold + position.* ocupar un cargo de dirección = hold + a chair.* persona designada para un cargo = appointee.* prebendas del cargo, las = spoils of office, the.* relevar de un cargo = relieve of + duty.* renunciar a un cargo = step down from + Posesivo + position, stand down.* titular del cargo = incumbent.* tomar posesión de un cargo = swear in, take + office.cargo22 = responsibility.Ex: The responsibility for manning the one telephone left at the disposal of a residue of callers fell to a single officer who had other duties to carry out to justify his keep.
* a cargo = in the saddle.* a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of).* a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.* a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.* a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.* a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.* a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.* a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.* Algo a cargo de una sola persona = one-person operation.* bajo el cargo de = on charges of.* cargo de conciencia = guilty conscience.* con cargo a = to be debited to, to be charged to.* con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.* correr a cargo de = be the responsibility of.* estar a cargo de = man, be the responsibility of.* familiar a cargo = dependent.* hacerse cargo = take over, assume + role.* hacerse cargo de = take + charge of, take + Nombre + under + Posesivo + wings.* hacerse cargo de Algo = take (+ Nombre) + on board (+ Nombre), hold + the fort, hold + the fortress.* persona a cargo = dependent.* poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.* tener a cargo de uno = have + as + Posesivo + charge.* tener a + Posesivo + cargo = have + in + Posesivo + charge.cargo33 = charge, indictment.Ex: No less prestigious an authority than a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the charges brought against the man principally responsible for that volume.
Ex: Enter indictments as instructed in rule 21.36C1.* absolver a Alguien de todos los cargos = acquit + Nombre + on all counts.* cargos criminales = criminal charges.* formular cargos contra = bring + charges against.* formular cargos contra Alguien = press + charges.* libertad sin cargos = unconditional discharge.cargo4* culto al cargo = cargo cult.* nota de cargo = credit note.* * *desempeña un cargo importante en la empresa he has o holds an important position in the firmtiene un cargo de mucha responsabilidad she has a very responsible job o post o positionhoy toma posesión de su cargo he takes up his post o position today, he takes up office todayCompuesto:los que ostentan cargos públicos those who hold public officeB (responsabilidad, cuidado)1a cargo de algn: los niños están a mi cargo the children are in my care o ( frml) chargeun concierto a cargo de la Orquesta Nacional ( frml); a concert performed by the National Orchestrael negocio quedó a su cargo he was left in charge of the businessdejé/puse las ventas a cargo de Luque I left/put Luque in charge of salestiene cuatro hijos a su cargoor ( Col) a cargo he has four children to supporttiene a su cargo la división comercial she is responsible for o in charge of the sales department2al cargo de algo in charge of sthquedó/lo pusieron al cargo del departamento he was left/they put him in charge of the department3correr a cargo de algn: los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa expenses will be paid o met by the companyla organización del concierto corre a cargo de su ayudante her assistant is responsible for organizing the concertel papel principal corre a cargo de Fernando Arias the main part o the leading role is played by Fernando Arias4hacerse cargo de algo (hacerse responsable) ‹de un puesto/una tarea› to take charge of sth;‹de gastos› to take care of sth; (entender) ( Esp) to be aware of sth¿podría hacerse cargo de nuestra sucursal en Panamá? could you take charge of o head our branch in Panama?mi abuela se hizo cargo de mí my grandmother took care of meme hago cargo de la gravedad de la situación I am aware of the gravity of the situationes un problema difícil — sí, me hago cargo it's a difficult problem — yes, I realize that o I am aware of thatCompuesto:no tengo ningún cargo de conciencia por no haber ido a visitarlo I don't feel at all guilty for not having been to visit him, I feel no remorse at not having been to visit himme da/quedó un cargo de conciencia horrible I feel/felt terribly guiltysin cargo adicional at no additional cost, at no extra chargesin cargo free of chargepidió unos cheques de viaje con cargo a su cuenta she ordered some traveler's checks to be debited against o charged to her accountD ( Der) chargeniega todos los cargos que se le imputan he denies all the charges against him* * *
Del verbo cargar: ( conjugate cargar)
cargo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
cargó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
cargar
cargo
cargar ( conjugate cargar) verbo transitivo
1
no cargues tanto el coche don't put so much in the car
‹pluma/encendedor› to fill;
‹ cámara› to load, put a film inc) (Elec) to charge
2
◊ tengo que cargo nafta (RPl) I have to fill up with gasoline (AmE) o (BrE) petrolc) (Inf) to load
3 ( de obligaciones) cargo a algn de algo to burden sb with sth;◊ me cargoon la culpa they put o laid the blame on me
4
‹ niño› (AmL) to carry
( tener consigo):
5 ( a una cuenta) to charge
6 (Méx fam) ( matar) to kill
verbo intransitivo
1 cargo con algo ‹ con bulto› to carry sth;◊ tiene que cargo con todo el peso de la casa she has to shoulder all the responsibility for the household
2 cargo contra algn [tropas/policía] to charge on o at sb
3 [ batería] to charge
4 (fam) ( fastidiar):
cargarse verbo pronominal
1
[ partícula] to become chargedb) cargose de algo ‹de bolsas/equipaje› to load oneself down with sth;
‹ de responsabilidades› to take on a lot of sth;
‹ de deudas› to saddle oneself with sth
2
‹ jarrón› to smash
cargo sustantivo masculino
1 ( puesto) post, position (frml);
(de presidente, ministro) office;
un cargo de responsabilidad a responsible job o post
2 (responsabilidad, cuidado):
estar a cargo de algo to be in charge of sth;
los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa expenses will be paid o met by the company;
hacerse cargo de algo ‹de puesto/tarea› to take charge of sth;
‹ de gastos› to take care of sth;
3a) (Com, Fin) charge;
b) (Der) charge
cargar
I verbo transitivo
1 to load: cargó al niño en brazos, she took the boy in her arms
2 (un mechero, una pluma) to fill
3 (poner carga eléctrica) to charge
4 (atribuir algo negativo) cargar a alguien con las culpas, to put the blame on sb
le cargan la responsabilidad a su padre, they put the blame on his father
5 Com to charge: cárguelo a mi cuenta, charge it to my account
6 familiar Educ to fail
II verbo intransitivo
1 (soportar, hacerse cargo) to lumber [con, with]: carga con la casa y con la suegra, she has to do all the housework as well as having to take care of her mother-in-law
figurado cargar con las consecuencias, to suffer the consequences
2 (llevar un peso) to carry: siempre carga con lo más pesado, he always takes the heaviest
3 (arremeter, atacar) to charge [contra, against]
cargo sustantivo masculino
1 (puesto) post, position
2 (cuidado, responsabilidad) charge
estar al cargo de, to be in charge of
3 Jur charge, accusation
4 Fin charge, debit 5 cargo de conciencia, weight on one's conscience, remorse
♦ Locuciones: correr a cargo de, (gastos) to be met by
hacerse cargo de, to take charge of: en seguida se hizo cargo de mi situación, he understood my situation immediately
' cargo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acceder
- acusación
- adscribir
- alcaldía
- antecesor
- antecesora
- antigua
- antiguo
- candidata
- candidato
- candidatura
- carga
- cargar
- cargamento
- cargarse
- censor
- censora
- cesar
- consejería
- correr
- cuidada
- cuidado
- dimitir
- dirección
- disputarse
- educación
- flete
- función
- inhabilitar
- jefatura
- jurar
- juramentar
- lamentarse
- minoritaria
- minoritario
- nombrar
- ostentar
- permanencia
- poltrona
- posesión
- presentarse
- pretendienta
- pretendiente
- regentar
- rehabilitación
- reintegrar
- relevar
- relumbrón
- renuncia
- renunciar
English:
appointment
- assume
- backbencher
- band
- bump off
- by-election
- cargo
- charge
- count
- denial
- deny
- drop
- ex
- foreman
- handle
- impression
- incitement
- inflict
- lay on
- office
- outrank
- resign
- set down
- shed
- stand down
- succeed
- toss about
- toss around
- vessel
- back
- commission
- dean
- debit
- dependant
- discharge
- dock
- extra
- fly
- front
- handling
- impeach
- incumbent
- land
- landing
- lay
- load
- meet
- reinstate
- relieve
- seize
* * *cargo nm1. [empleo] post, position;desempeña un cargo de ministro he is a minister;tomar posesión del cargo to take up officecargo directivo manager;varios cargos públicos se han visto involucrados en el escándalo several people holding public office have been implicated in the scandal2. [cuidado] charge;los niños han quedado a mi cargo the children have been left in my care;una producción a cargo del Teatro Nacional a National Theatre production;está a cargo de o [m5] tiene a su cargo la seguridad de la empresa he is in charge of o responsible for company security;hacerse cargo de [asumir el control de] to take charge of;[ocuparse de] to take care of; [comprender] to understand;se hizo cargo de la gestión de la empresa she took over the running of the company;el ejército se hizo cargo del poder the army took power o took over;no te preocupes, yo me hago cargo de los niños don't worry, I'll look after the children;me hago cargo de la difícil situación I am aware of o I realize the difficulty of the situation;tenemos que ir al entierro y llegaremos tarde – sí, me hago cargo we have to go to the funeral, so we'll be late – OK, I understand3. Econ charge;con cargo a charged to;han asignado una nueva partida con cargo a los presupuestos del estado they have created a new budget heading;correr a cargo de to be borne by;todos los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa all expenses will be borne by the company;la comida corre a cargo de la empresa the meal is on the company;la organización corre a cargo del Municipio the organization will be carried out by the town council, the town council will be organizing the event;sin cargo adicional for o at no extra charge4. [acusación] charge;formular graves cargos contra alguien to bring serious charges against sb;se declaró inocente de todos los cargos que se le imputaban he said he was innocent on all countscargo de conciencia:tener cargo de conciencia to feel pangs of conscience, to feel remorse;me da cargo de conciencia dejarle pagar I feel bad about letting him pay;comprar productos de este país me representa un cargo de conciencia I feel guilty about buying this country's products5. [buque de carga] cargo ship, freighter* * *m1 position;alto cargo high-ranking position; persona high-ranking official;cargo ministerial ministerial post2 JUR charge3:a cargo de la madre in the mother’s care;tener algo a su cargo, estar a cargo de algo be in charge of sth;está a cargo de Gómez Gómez is in charge of it;hacerse cargo de algo take charge of sth;tomar a su cargo take charge of4 COM:con cargo a nosotros on our account5:me da cargo de conciencia it makes me feel guilty* * *cargo nm1) : burden, load2) : chargea cargo de: in charge of3) : position, office* * *cargo n1. (empleo) post2. (delito) chargeestar a cargo de / tener a su cargo (ser la responsabilidad de) to be your responsibility (ser responsable de) to be in charge ofhacerse cargo (encargarse de) to take charge of [pt. took; pp. taken] (comprender) to understand [pt. & pp. understood] -
85 bankopplysning
subst. banker's opinion, banker's reference, credit information (from a bank) -
86 передача
ж1) ( дія) transfer, transmission; ( майна) transference, handover, assignment; ( питання на розгляд) reference, submission; ( змісту) rendering; ( у спадщину) descent, remise; (новин, чуток) message, communication; (влади, функцій) devolutionпередача досвіду — transfer of experience; sharing of one's of experience (to)
передача власності — surrender of property, conveyance of property
передача володіння юр. — tradition
передача даних — data communication, data transfer, data transmission
передача енергії фіз. — energy transfer
передача інформації — information transfer, information transmission, communication of information
передача майна юр. — assignation
передача на поруки — admission, bail
передача пароля комп. — password propagation
передача повідомлень комп. — messaging, message transfer
передача права юр. — assignation
передача технології (з однієї галузі в іншу) — spin-off, technology transfer
акт передачi юр. — deed of assignment ( of transfer)
2) мех. ( механізм) transmission, drive, gear(ing)передача у велосипеді — high ( low) gear of a bicycle
3) ( по радіо) broadcast; ( по телебаченню) telecast4) (в лікарню, у в'язницю) ( food) parcel -
87 merito sm
['mɛrito]1) (gen) merit, (valore) worthdare (il) merito a qn di qc/di aver fatto qc — to give sb credit for sth/for doing sth
finire a pari merito — to finish joint first (o second ecc)
2)entrare nel merito di una questione — to go into a matterin merito a — as regards, with regard to
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88 świadcz|yć
impf Ⅰ vt (wykonywać) to render, to provide- świadczyć komuś przysługę/grzeczność to do sb a favour/kindnessⅡ vi 1. (dowodzić, być objawem) to show, to prove; to signify książk., to bear testimony książk.- dobrze/źle o kimś świadczyć to reflect well/badly on sb; to do sb credit/to be a discredit to sb- takie zachowanie dobrze o tobie świadczy acting like that reflects well on you a. puts you in a good light- świadczyć za kimś a. przeciwko komuś to speak in sb’s favour/against sb- dokumenty świadczyły na jej korzyść/przeciwko niej the documents presented a. placed her in a favourable/an unfavourable light2. (być świadkiem w sprawie) to testify- świadczyć za kimś/przeciw komuś to testify for/against sb3. książk. (opłacać) to subsidize vt; to provide funding (na rzecz czegoś for sth) Ⅲ świadczyć się przest. świadczyć się kimś (powoływać się) to give sb as a referenceThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > świadcz|yć
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89 информация информаци·я
information; (сообщение) report; (новости) news; (цифровая) dataвести сбор информации, собирать информацию — to collect / to gather information
выведывать информацию у кого-л. — to draw information from smb.
вымарывать / исключать (из документа и т.п.) не подлежащую оглашению информацию — to sanitize
давать / предоставлять информацию — to give / to provide / to furnish information
засекречивать информацию — to make information secret, to classify information амер.
обрабатывать информацию (в кибернетике) — to process information / data
опровергать информацию — to refute / disprove information
передавать информацию — to convey / to hand over information
получать информацию — to receive / to get / to gain / to obtain information
предоставлять информацию — to give / to provide / to furnish information
скрывать / утаивать информацию — to hold back / to keep back / to withhold information
военная информация — military information / data
квалифицированная / компетентная информация, информация, полученная от специалистов / экспертов — expert information
коммерческая информация — business data, commercial information
конфиденциальная информация — confidential information; tip-off разг.
новая информация (к сообщению в прессе, по радио и т.п.) — follow-up
новейшая / последняя информация — up-to-date / up-to-the minute information
патентная информация, информация, являющаяся собственностью фирмы (конструкторская, производственная, технологическая) — proprietary information
полная информация — complete / copious information
правдивая информация — true / truthful information
разведывательная информация — surveillance information, intelligence information / data
рекламная информация — advertizing information, publicity
секретная информация — secret / classified information; inside information амер.
поделиться секретной информацией — to spill / to hand (out) the dope
совершенно секретная информация — top-secret informafion; highly-classified information амер.
соответствующая действительности информация — reliable information, information reflecting the facts of reality
быстрый рост информации — information burst / explosion
информация из надёжных источников (для опубликования в газете без ссылки на эти источники) — dope story
информация, полученная из первых рук — first-hand information
информация, полученная с помощью спутников — sattelite information
главный / основной источник информации — prime source of information
обмен информацией — exchange of information; information exchanges
обработка информации — information handling / processing; (в кибернетике) data processing
органы / средства массовой информации (пресса, радио, телевидение) — mass media
работники органов массовой информации (печати, радио, телевидения и т.п.) — media men
поток информации — information flow, flow of information
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > информация информаци·я
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90 merito
sm ['mɛrito]1) (gen) merit, (valore) worthdare (il) merito a qn di qc/di aver fatto qc — to give sb credit for sth/for doing sth
finire a pari merito — to finish joint first (o second ecc)
2)entrare nel merito di una questione — to go into a matterin merito a — as regards, with regard to
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91 dies
dĭes (dīes, Liv. Andron. Fragm. Odys. 7), ēi ([etilde]ī, Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. S. 1, 8, 35 et saep.;I.dissyl.: di-ei,
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 31; also gen. dies, die, and dii—dies, as in acies, facies, pernicies, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14; Ann. v. 401 Vahl.; Cic. Sest. 12, 28 ap. Gell. l. l.:die,
Prisc. p. 780 P.; even in Verg. G. 1, 208, where Gellius reads dies, v. Wagner ad loc., nearly all MSS. have die; cf. Rib. and Forbig. ad loc.; so,die,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 59; id. Capt. 4, 2, 20; Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 5; id. B. C. 1, 14, 3; 3, 76, 2; Just. 2, 11, 17; cf. Oud. ad B. G. 2, 23, 1. Die appears to be certain in Sall. J. 52, 3; 97, 3. Also in Cic. Sest. 12, 28, Gellius reads dies, where our MSS., except the Cod. Lamb., have diei;perh. those words do not belong to Cicero himself. Form dii,
Verg. A. 1, 636, Rib. and Forbig. after Serv. and Gell. l. l.— Dat., diēī, saep. die, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 120, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 208; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 48; id. Capt. 3, 1, 4; id. Trin. 4, 2, 1;once dii,
id. Merc. 1, Prol. 13; cf. Roby, Gram. 1, 121 sq.); m. (in sing. sometimes f., esp. in the signif. no. I. B. 1.) [root Sanscr. dī, gleam: dinas, day; Gr. dios, heavenly; cf. Lat. Jovis (Diovis), Diana, deus, dīvus, etc. Old form, dius (for divus); cf.: nudius, diu, etc. The word also appears in composition in many particles, as pridem, hodie, diu, etc., v. Corss. Auspr. 2, 855 sq.], a day (cf.: tempus, tempestas, aetas, aevum, spatium, intervallum).Lit.A.In gen., the civil day of twenty-four hours.(α).Masc.:(β).dies primus est veris in Aquario... dies tertius... dies civiles nostros, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3; Gell. 3, 2: REBVS IVRE IVDICATIS TRIGINTA DIES IVSTI SVNTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; and 15, 13 fin.; for which;per dies continuos XXX., etc.,
Gai. Inst. 3, 78: multa dies in bello conficit unus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 297 ed. Vahl.); cf.:non uno absolvam die,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 73:hic dies,
id. Aul. 4, 9, 11:hic ille est dies,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 3:ante hunc diem,
id. ib. 3, 4, 101:illo die impransus fui,
id. Am. 1, 1, 98; cf.:eo die,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22 fin.; 2, 6; 2, 32 fin.; 4, 11, 4; 5, 15 fin. et saep.:postero die,
id. ib. 1, 15, 1; 3, 6, 3 et saep.; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17; Sall. J. 29, 5; 38, 9 et saep.:in posterum diem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 41 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 65 fin. et saep.:diem scito esse nullum, quo die non dicam pro reo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3:domi sedet totos dies,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 34:paucos dies ibi morati,
Caes. B. G. 7, 5, 4:dies continuos XXX. sub bruma esse noctem,
id. ib. 5, 13, 3:hosce aliquot dies,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 4; cf. id. Eun. 1, 2, 71 et saep.:festo die si quid prodegeris,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10; so,festus,
id. Cas. 1, 49; id. Poen. 3, 5, 13; 4, 2, 26 et saep.—Fem. (freq. in poetry metri gratiā; rare in prose), postrema, Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14:b.omnia ademit Una dies,
Lucr. 3, 912; cf. id. 3, 921; 5, 96 and 998: homines, qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem in his horis XXIV. nati sunt, una die nati dicuntur, Varr. ap. Gell. 3, 2, 2 (uno die, Macr. S. 1, 3):quibus effectis armatisque diebus XXX., a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36 fin.:Varronem profiteri, se altera die ad colloquium venturum,
id. ib. 3, 19, 4 (for which, shortly before: quo cum esset postero die ventum); cf.:postera die,
Sall. J. 68, 2 (for which, in the same author, more freq.:postero die): pulchra,
Hor. Od. 1, 36, 10:suprema,
id. ib. 1, 13, 20:atra,
Verg. A. 6, 429:tarda,
Ov. M. 15, 868 et saep.—(But Caes. B. C. 3, 26, 1; 3, 37, 1, read altero, tertio.)—Connections:B.postridie ejus diei, a favorite expression of Caesar,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23, 1: 1, 47, 2; 1, 48, 2 et saep., v. postridie;and cf.: post diem tertium ejus diei,
Cic. Att. 3, 7; Sulpic. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; Liv. 27, 35:diem ex die exspectabam,
from day to day, id. ib. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:diem ex die ducere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; for which also: diem de die prospectans, Liv. 5, 48; and: diem de die differre, id. 25, 25: LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO, for every day, day by day, daily, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.:affatim est hominum, in dies qui singulas escas edunt,
Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 10; so,in dies,
every day, Cic. Top. 16, 62; Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7; 5, 58, 1; 7, 30, 4; Vell. 2, 52, 2; Liv. 21, 11 Drak.; 34, 11 al.; less freq. in sing.:nihil usquam sui videt: in diem rapto vivit,
Liv. 22, 39; cf.:mutabilibus in diem causis (opp. natura perpetua),
id. 31, 29 (in another signif. v. the foll., no. II. A. 3); and: cui licet in diem ( = singulis diebus, daily) dixisse Vixi, etc., Hor. Od. 3, 29, 42. And still more rarely: ad diem, Treb. Gallien. 17; Vop. Firm. 4:ante diem, v. ante.—Die = quotidie or in diem,
daily, Verg. E. 2, 42; 3, 34:quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi,
id. A. 11, 397:paucissimos die composuisse versus,
Quint. 10, 3, 8:saepius die,
Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 22: die crastini, noni, pristini, quinti, for die crastino, nono, etc., v. h. vv. crastinus, nonus, etc.; and cf. Gell. 10, 24; Macr. S. 1, 4.—In partic.1.A set day, appointed time, term in the widest sense of the word (for appearing before court, in the army, making a payment, etc.).(α).Masc.: MORBVS SONTICVS... STATVS DIES CVM HOSTE... QVID HORVM FVIT VNVM IVDICI ARBITROVE REOVE DIES DIFFISVS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12; Fest. p. 273, 26 Müll.; for which: STATVS CONDICTVSVE DIES CVM HOSTE, acc. to Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4;(β).and with comic reference to the words of this law,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5 (found also in Macr. S. 1, 16);and freq.: status dies,
Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 1; Suet. Claud. 1; Flor. 1, 13, 16 et saep.:hic nuptiis dictus est dies,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 75; cf.:dies colloquio dictus est ex eo die quintus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 42, 4; so,dictus,
id. ib. 5, 27, 5:iis certum diem conveniendi dicit,
id. ib. 5, 57, 2:die certo,
Sall. J. 79, 4; cf.constituto,
id. ib. 13 fin.:decretus colloquio,
id. ib. 113, 3:praestitutus,
Liv. 3, 22:praefinitus,
Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109; Gell. 16, 4, 3:ascriptus,
Phaedr. 4, 11, 8 et saep.:quoniam advesperascit, dabis diem nobis aliquem, ut contra ista dicamus,
Cic. N. D. 3, 40; Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; id. B. C. 1, 11, 2; Sall. J. 109, 3; Liv. 35, 35 et saep.:dies ater,
an unlucky day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25.—Fem. (so commonly in this sense in class. prose, but only in sing., v. Mützell ad Curt. 3, 1, 8):(γ).ut quasi dies si dicta sit,
Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11; so,dicta,
Cic. Fam. 16, 10 fin.; cf.:edicta ad conveniendum,
Liv. 41, 10 fin.:praestituta,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; 2, 2, 28; Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 38; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14 fin.; id. Vatin. 15, 37; id. Tusc. 1, 39; Liv. 45, 11 et saep.; cf.constituta,
Cic. Caecin. 11, 32; Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 2; 1, 8, 3: certa eius rei constituta, id. B. C. 3, 33, 1:pacta et constituta,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:statuta,
Liv. 31, 29:stata,
id. 27, 23 fin.:certa,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 4, 5, 1, 8; id. B. C. 1, 2, 6; Nep. Chabr. 3 et saep.:annua,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23; id. Att. 12, 3 fin.; cf.longa,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 18:die caecā emere, oculatā vendere,
i. e. to buy on credit and sell for cash, id. Ps. 1, 3, 67, v. caecus, no. II. B.:haec dies summa hodie est, mea amica sitne libera, an, etc.,
id. Pers. 1, 1, 34:puto fore istam etiam a praecone diem,
Cic. Att. 13, 3:ubi ea dies venit (preceded by tempore ejus rei constituto),
Caes. B. G. 7, 3:praeterita die, qua suorum auxilia exspectaverant,
id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 6, 33, 4:esse in lege, quam ad diem proscriptiones fiant,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128 et saep.—Both genders together:b.diem dicunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant: is dies erat a. d. V. Kal. Apr., etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin.; Cic. Att. 2, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 34, 35 al.—Hence: dicere diem alicui, to impeach, lay an accusation against:2.diem mihi, credo, dixerat,
Cic. Mil. 14, 36:Domitium Silano diem dixisse scimus,
id. Div. in Caec. 20, 67.—A natural day, a day, as opp. to night: ut vel, quia est aliquid, aliud non sit, ut Dies est, nox non est; vel, quia est aliquid, et aliud sit: Sol est super terram, dies est, Quint. 5, 8, 7: pro di immortales, quis hic illuxit dies, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 76:3.credibile non est, quantum scribam die, quin etiam noctibus,
in the daytime, id. Att. 13, 26:negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,
in a single day and night, id. N. D. 2, 9, 24; cf.in this signif.: die ac nocte,
Plin. 29, 6, 36, § 113:nocte et die,
Liv. 25, 39;and simply die,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 4; Quint. 10, 3, 8; cf.also: currus rogat ille paternos, Inque diem alipedum jus et moderamen equorum,
Ov. M. 2, 48; and, connected with nox:(Themistocles) diem noctemque procul ab insula in salo navem tenuit in ancoris,
Nep. Them. 8 fin.; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 27, 59; Liv. 22, 1 fin. —But more freq.: diem noctemque, like our day and night, i. q. without ceasing, uninterruptedly; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 11; 7, 42 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 62;for which less freq.: diem et noctem,
Hirt. B. Hisp. 38, 1;diem ac noctem,
Liv. 27, 4 and 45:noctemque diemque,
Verg. A. 8, 94; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 23:continuate nocte ac die itinere,
Caes. B. C. 3, 11, 1; 3, 36, 8; and in plur.:dies noctesque,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 49; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 113; Cic. Att. 7, 9 fin.; Nep. Dat. 4, 4 et saep.; also, reversing the order: noctesque diesque, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 338 ed. Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 1, 76:noctesque et dies,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 52; id. Eun. 5, 8, 49:noctes atque dies,
Lucr. 2, 12; 3, 62; Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 51; Verg. A. 6, 127 al.:noctes diesque,
id. ib. 9, 488:noctes ac dies,
Cic. Arch. 11, 29:noctes et dies,
id. Brut. 90, 308; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Tusc. 5, 25 and 39; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 49; cf.also: neque noctem neque diem intermittit,
Caes. B. G. 5, 38:Galli dies... sic observant, ut noctem dies subsequatur,
id. ib. 6, 18, 2 Herz ad loc. So, too, in gen.:qui nocte dieque frequentat Limina,
Mart. 10, 58, 11:cum die,
at break of day, Ov. M. 13, 677:orto die ( = orta luce),
Tac. A. 1, 20; 1, 68; id. H. 2, 21:ante diem ( = ante lucem),
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 35:dies fit, late Lat. for lucescit,
Vulg. Luc. 22, 66: de die, in open day, broad day; v. de.—Dies alicujus (like the Heb. ; v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v.).a.I. q. dies natalis, a birthday:b.diem meum scis esse III. Non. Jan. Aderis igitur,
Cic. Att. 13, 42, 2; cf.in full: natali die tuo,
id. ib. 9, 5 al. So the anniversary day of the foundation of a city is, dies natalis urbis, Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.—I. q. dies mortis, dying-day:c.quandocumque fatalis et meus dies veniet statuarque tumulo,
Tac. Or. 13 fin. Called, also: supremus dies. Suet. Aug. 99; id. Tib. 67; cf.:supremus vitae dies,
Cic. de Sen. 21, 78; Suet. Aug. 61. Hence:diem suum obire,
to die, Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2;and in the same sense: obire diem supremum,
Nep. Milt. 7 fin.; id. Dion. 2 fin.; Suet. Claud. 1:exigere diem supremum,
Tac. A. 3, 16:explere supremum diem,
id. ib. 1, 6; 3, 76;and simply: obire diem,
Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248; Suet. Tib. 4; id. Vesp. 1; id. Gr. 3; cf.also: fungi diem,
Just. 19, 1, 1.—I. q. dies febris, fever-day: etsi Non. Mart., [p. 574] die tuo, ut opinor, exspectabam epistolam a te longiorem, Cic. Att. 9, 2 init.; 7, 8, 2 al.II.Transf.A.In gen. (from no. I. A.).1.A day, for that which is done in it (cf. the Hebr., the Gr. eleutheron êmar, etc.):2.is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu,
Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 3:non tam dirus ille dies Sullanus C. Mario,
id. Att. 10, 8, 7:equites Romanos daturos illius diei poenas,
id. Sest. 12, 28:hic dies et Romanis refecit animos et Persea perculit,
Liv. 42, 67 Drak.; cf. id. 9, 39 fin.; Vell. 2, 35 Ruhnk.; 2, 86; Just. 9, 3 fin.; Flor. 2, 6, 58 Duker.:imponite quinquaginta annis magnum diem,
Tac. Agr. 34:quid pulchrius hac consuetudine excutiendi totum diem?... totum diem mecum scrutor, facta ac dicta mea remetior, etc., Sen. de Ira, 3, 36: dies Alliensis, i. q. pugna Alliensis,
Liv. 6, 1; Suet. Vit. 11:Cannensis,
Flor. 4, 12, 35 al. And so even of one's state of mind on any particular day:qualem diem Tiberius induisset,
what humor, temper, Tac. A. 6, 20. —A day's journey:3.hanc regionem, dierum plus triginta in longitudinem, decem inter duo maria in latitudinem patentem,
Liv. 38, 59; Just. 36, 2, 14 al.—In gen. (like, hêmera, and our day, for) time, space of time, period:B.diem tempusque forsitan ipsum leniturum iras,
Liv. 2, 45;so with tempus,
id. 22, 39; 42, 50: amorem intercapedine ipse lenivit dies, Turp. ap. Non. 522, 7;so in the masc. gender: longus,
Stat. Th. 1, 638; Luc. 3, 139;but also longa,
Plaut. Epid. 4, 1, 18; Plin. Ep. 8, 5 fin.; cf.perexigua,
a brief respite, Cic. Verr. 1, 2 fin.:nulla,
Ov. M. 4, 372 al.:ex ea die ad hanc diem quae fecisti, in judicium voco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:ut infringatur hominum improbitas ipsa die, quae debilitat cogitationes, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 6; cf. id. ib. 7, 28 fin.; id. Tusc. 3, 22, 53 al.: indutiae inde, non pax facta;quarum et dies exierat, et ante diem rebellaverant,
i. e. the term of the truce, Liv. 4, 30 fin.; 30, 24; 42, 47 fin. (for which: quia tempus indutiarum cum Veienti populo exierat, id. 4, 58).—Prov.:dies adimit aegritudinem,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 13: dies festus, festival-time, festival:—diem festum Dianae per triduum agi, Liv. 25, 23 et saep.:die lanam et agnos vendat,
at the right time, Cato R. R. 150, 2:praesens quod fuerat malum, in diem abiit,
to a future time, Ter. Ph. 5, 2, 16; so in diem, opp. statim, Q. Cic. Pet. cons. 12, 48;and simply in diem,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 48; Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 19; Cic. Cael. 24.—Esp. freq. in diem vivere, to live on from day to day, regardless of the future, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 4 et saep; cf. the equivoque with de die, under de.—In partic. (acc. to no. I. B. 2— poet., and in postAug. prose).1.Light of day, daylight:2.contraque diem radiosque micantes Obliquantem oculos,
Ov. M. 7, 411; 5, 444; 13, 602:multis mensibus non cernitur dies,
Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 70; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; 9, 36, 2 al.; also of the eyesight, Stat. Th. 1, 237;and trop. of the conscience: saeva dies animi scelerumque in pectore Dirae,
id. ib. 1, 52.—For caelum, the sky, the heavens:b.sub quocumque die, quocumque est sidere mundi,
Luc. 7, 189; 1, 153:incendere diem nubes oriente remotae,
id. 4, 68; 8, 217; Stat. Th. 1, 201.—Hence, like caelum,The weather:3.totumque per annum Durat aprica dies,
Val. Fl. 1, 845:tranquillus,
Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:mitis,
id. 11, 10, 10, § 20:pestilens,
id. 22, 23, 49, § 104.—The air:III.nigrique volumina fumi Infecere diem,
Ov. M. 13, 600:cupio flatu violare diem,
Claud. in Ruf. 1, 63.Dies personified.A.I. q. Sol, opp. Luna, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 21;B.coupled with Mensis and Annus,
Ov. M. 2, 25.—As fem., the daughter of Chaos, and mother of Heaven and Earth, Hyg. Fab. praef.; of the first Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59. -
92 quod
1.I. That, in that, because (cf.:quia, quoniam): cum tibi agam gratias quod me vivere coëgisti,
Cic. Att. 3, 3, 1:mirari, Cato se aiebat, quod non rideret haruspex, haruspicem cum vidisset,
id. Div. 2, 24, 51; id. Att. 1, 17, 1:fecisti mihi pergratum, quod Serapionis librum ad me misisti,
id. ib. 2, 4, 1:propter hanc causam, quod, etc.,
id. Verr 2, 3, 46, § 109:quod victoribus ultro inferrent arma,
Liv. 21, 1; 8, 1:quam quod urbes urerent,
Curt. 4, 14, 2.—Esp.: propterea quod,
because, Ter. And. 3, 4, 5; v. propterea. —Esp. after eo (mostly post-Aug.):eo deceptum, quod neque, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 14, 2:eo conspectius (supplicium), quod, etc.,
Liv. 2, 5, 5; 22, 34, 5; Plin. Pan. 25, 2:forma navium eo differt, quod, etc.,
Tac. G. 44; Quint. 8, 6, 8; Plin. 22, 25, 59, § 126; Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 7, 8; Cels. 3, 18.—II. Wherefore, why, that:in viam quod te des hoc tempore, nihil est,
it is not necessary that, Cic. Fam. 14, 12: magis est quod gratuler tibi quam, etc., id. Att. 16, 5, 2:ne causae quid sit, quod te quisquam quaeritet,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 14; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 3:hoc est quod ad vos venio,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 70:non est quod multa loquamur,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 30.—III. If so be that, as respects that, in case that:quod quispiam ignem quaerat,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 13 Ussing ad loc.; id. Mil. 2, 2, 7 Brix ad loc.; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 15; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 175; cf. qui, E. 1. —IV. Though, although, albeit, even if:si te in plateā offendero hāc post umquam, quod dicas mihi, Alium quaerebam, iter hac habui, periisti,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 33; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49; Ov. A. A. 1, 261; id. M. 7, 705:quod sim ligneus, ut vides, Prendam te tamen,
Auct. Priap. 6.—V. In respect to time, since that, since (only post-Aug.; in Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146, and Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 2;recent edd. read quom): tertius dies est, quod audivi, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 27, 1.—VI. After facere and facile est, = ut, that: facile est, quod habeant conservam in villā, Varr, R. R. 2, 10, 6: utinam dii immortales fecissent, quod ea lex etiam populo Romano esset constituta, Vitr. praef. 10.—VII. With other particles, as si, nisi, utinam, ubi, etc., always with reference to something which precedes (very freq.), but, though, now:quod si quis illorum legat facta, paria horum cognoscat,
Nep. Eum. 8, 3:quod si te fors Afris praefecisset, tamen,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, § 27; 1, 1, 14, § 41:quod nisi domi civium suorum invidiā debilitatus esset, Romanos videtur superare potuisse,
Nep. Hann. 1, 2:quod utinam minus vitae cupidi fuissemus!
Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:quod ne longiore exordio legentem fatigemus, unum quasi exemplum subiciemus,
Col. 5, 11, 13:quod ubi ille intellexit, id agi, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:quod cum esset animadversum, conjunctam esse flumini, protinus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68:quod ut hanc quoque curam determinemus, etc.,
Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 194:peccasse se non anguntur, objurgari moleste ferunt: quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
instead of which, whereas, Cic. Lael. 24, 90:quod nunc,
whereas now, Lucr. 1, 221.—VIII. With verbs of perceiving and declaring, instead of an object-clause:scio jam, filius quod amet meus istanc meretricem,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 37; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14:recordatus quondam super cenam, quod nihil cuiquam toto die praestitisset,
Suet. Tit. 8:nec credit, quod, etc.,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 223:aliqui semen ejus non obruunt, opinantes, quod a nullā ave tangatur,
Pall. 3, 24:rem miram de ocimo Martialis affirmat, quod, etc.,
id. 5, 3:notum facere, quod, etc.,
Dig. 25, 3, 1:novi quod pulchra sis,
Vulg. Gen. 12, 11:vidit lucem quod esset bona,
id. ib. 1, 4.—Esp. after illud:videndum illud, quod, si, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 70: illud mihi occurrit, quod, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1 fin.► Quod, in restrictive sense, v. qui, E. 1.2.quod, another orthogr. for quot, v. h. v. -
93 refero
rĕ-fĕro, rettŭli (also written retuli), rĕlātum (rēlātum or rellatum, Lucr. 2, 1001), rĕferre, v. a. irr., to bear, carry, bring, draw, or give back (very freq. and class.; cf.: reduco, reporto, retraho).I.Lit.A.Ingen.: zonas, quas plenas argenti extuli, eas ex provinciā inanes rettuli, C. Gracchus ap. Gell. 15, 12 fin.:b.arma,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 25:vasa domum,
id. Poen. 4, 2, 25; cf.:pallam domum,
id. Men. 5, 7, 59; 4, 2, 97; 98; cf.:anulum ad me,
id. Cas. 2, 1, 1;and simply pallam, spinther,
id. Men. 3, 3, 16; 5, 1, 5; 5, 2, 56:secum aurum,
id. Aul. 4, 5, 4:exta,
id. Poen. 2, 44:uvidum rete sine squamoso pecu,
id. Rud. 4, 3, 5:aestus aliquem in portum refert,
id. As. 1, 3, 6:Auster me ad tribulos tuos Rhegium rettulit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 3: ut naves eodem, unde erant profectae, reterrentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 28:me referunt pedes in Tusculanum,
Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; cf.:aliquem lecticae impositum domum,
Suet. Caes. 82; and:in Palatium,
id. Vit. 16: intro referre pedem, to turn one ' s feet back, to return, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 50; cf.:incertus tuum cave ad me rettuleris pedem,
id. Ep. 3, 4, 3:caelo rettulit illa pedem,
Ov. H. 16, 88; 15, 186:fertque refertque pedes,
id. F. 6, 334 (for a different use of the phrase, v. infra B. 2.):in decimum vestigia rettulit annum (victoria),
Verg. A. 11, 290:in convivia gressum,
Sil. 11, 355:in thalamos cursum,
id. 8, 89:ad nomen caput ille refert,
turns his head, looks back, Ov. M. 3, 245:suumque Rettulit os in se,
drew back, concealed, id. ib. 2, 303:ad Tuneta rursum castra refert,
Liv. 30, 16:corpus in monumentum,
Petr. 113:relatis Lacedaemona (ossibus),
Just. 3, 3, 12:gemmam non ad os, sed ad genas,
Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 5: digitos ad os referre, to draw back (v. digitus), Quint. 11, 3, 103:digitos ad frontem saepe,
Ov. M. 15, 567:manum ad capulum,
Tac. A. 15, 58 fin.:rursus enses vaginae,
Sil. 7, 508:pecunias monumentaque, in templum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 21:caput ejus in castra,
id. B. G. 5, 58:vulneratos in locum tutum,
id. B. C. 2, 41:cornua (urorum) in publicum,
id. B. G. 6, 28:frumentum omne ad se referri jubet,
id. ib. 7, 71:signa militaria, scutum, litteras ad Caesarem,
id. ib. 7, 88; id. B. C. 3, 53; 3, 99; id. B. G. 1, 29; 5, 49:Caesaris capite relato,
id. B. C. 3, 19 fin. —Esp.: referre se, to go back, return:c.Romam se rettulit,
Cic. Fl. 21, 50:sese in castra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.:se huc,
id. ib. 2, 8, 2:domum me Ad porri catinum,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 115:sese ab Argis (Juno),
Verg. A. 7, 286:se ab aestu,
Ov. M. 14, 52; cf.:se de Britannis ovans,
Tac. A. 13, 32:causam Cleanthes offert, cur se sol referat,
Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 37.—Pass. in mid. sense, to return, arrive:d.sin reiciemur, tamen eodem paulo tardius referamur necesse est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:classem relatam,
Verg. A. 1, 390:nunc Itali in tergum versis referuntur habenis,
Sil. 4, 317; 7, 623.—To withdraw, remove:B.fines benignitatis introrsus referre,
to narrow, Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 5:Seleucia ab mari relata,
remote, Plin. 5, 27, 22, § 93. —In partic.1.To give back something due; to give up, return, restore, pay back, repay (= reddere):2.scyphos, quos utendos dedi Philodamo, rettuleritne?
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 34; cf. id. Aul. 4, 10, 29; 37; 38;and, pateram (surreptam),
Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54:argentum,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 29; so (with reddere) id. Curc. 5, 3, 45:mercedem (with reddere),
id. As. 2, 4, 35; cf.:octonis idibus aera,
to pay the money for tuition. Hor. S. 1, 6, 75 (v. idus):si non Rettuleris pannum,
id. Ep. 1, 17, 32; 1, 6, 60:verum, si plus dederis, referam,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 112.—Referre pedem or gradum, as a milit. t. t., to draw back, retire, withdraw, retreat (different from the gen. signif., to return, and the above passages):b.vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf.:ut paulatim cedant ac pedem referant,
id. B. C. 2, 40; Liv. 7, 33; so,referre pedem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 44 (with loco excedere); Cic. Phil. 12, 3 (opp. insistere); Liv. 3, 60 (opp. restituitur pugna);21, 8 al.— For the sake of euphony: referre gradum: cum pedes referret gradum,
Liv. 1, 14. —And, in a like sense, once mid.: a primā acie ad triarios sensim referebatur,
Liv. 8, 8, 11.—Transf., out of the milit. sphere:II. A.feroque viso retulit retro pedem (viator),
Phaedr. 2, 1, 8; cf.:viso rettulit angue pedem,
Ov. F. 2, 342; 6, 334:rettulit ille gradus horrueruntque comae,
id. ib. 2, 502:(in judiciis) instare proficientibus et ab iis, quae non adjuvant, quam mollissime pedem oportet referre,
Quint. 6, 4, 19.In gen.: (Saxum) ejulatu... Resonando mutum flebiles voces refert, Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94 (Trag. Rel. p. 176 Rib.); cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:B.sonum,
id. N. D. 2, 57, 144; id. Or. 12, 38; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 201 al.:voces,
Ov. M. 12, 47; cf.:Coëamus rettulit Echo,
id. ib. 3, 387: cum ex CXXV. judicibus reus L. referret, restored to the list, i. e. retained, accepted (opp. quinque et LXX. reiceret), Cic. Planc. 17:o mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos!
Verg. A. 8, 560; cf.: tibi tempora, Hor. C. 4, 13, 13:festas luces (sae culum),
id. ib. 4, 6, 42:dies siccos (sol),
id. ib. 3, 29, 20 et saep.:hoc quidem jam periit: Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 3:ad amicam meras querimonias referre,
id. Truc. 1, 2, 65:hic in suam domum ignominiam et calamitatem rettulit,
Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138; cf.:pro re certā spem falsam domum rettulerunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:servati civis decus referre,
Tac. A. 3, 21:e cursu populari referre aspectum in curiam,
to turn back, turn towards, Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:oculos animumque ad aliquem,
id. Quint. 14, 47:animum ad studia,
id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:animum ad veritatem,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48:animum ad firmitudinem,
Tac. A. 3, 6 et saep.:multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi Rettulit in melius,
brought to a better state, Verg. A. 11, 426:uterque se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem refert,
Cic. Rep. 5, 3, 5; so,se ad philosophiam referre,
to go back, return, id. Off. 2, 1, 4:ut eo, unde digressa est, referat se oratio,
id. ib. 2, 22, 77.—In partic.1.(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay back, give back, repay (syn. reddo):2.denique Par pari referto,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55; cf.:quod ab ipso adlatum est, id sibi esse relatum putet,
id. Phorm. prol. 21:ut puto, non poteris ipsa referre vicem,
pay him back in his own coin, Ov. A. A. 1, 370; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1337. — Esp. in the phrase referre gratiam (rarely gratias), to return thanks, show one ' s gratitude (by deeds), to recompense, requite (cf.:gratiam habeo): spero ego mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratium referam parem,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 39:parem gratiam,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51:et habetur et refertur, Thais, a me ita, uti merita es, gratia,
id. ib. 4, 6, 12; cf.:meritam gratiam debitamque,
Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14:justam ac debitam gratiam,
id. Balb. 26, 59:pro eo mihi ac mereor relaturos esse gratiam,
id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; 1, 11, 28; id. Off. 2, 20, 69:fecisti ut tibi numquam referre gratiam possim,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12; id. Most. 1, 3, 57; id. Pers. 5, 2, 71; id. Ps. 1, 3, 86; id. Rud. 5, 3, 36 al.; Cic. Lael. 15, 53; Caes. B. G. 1, 35:alicui pro ejus meritis gratiam referre,
id. ib. 5, 27 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 39; 3, 1, fin.:gratiam emeritis,
Ov. P. 1, 7, 61:gratiam factis,
id. Tr. 5, 4, 47.— Plur.:pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores ei habeantur gratiaeque referantur,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 39; 10, 11, 1:dis advenientem gratias pro meritis agere,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27; v. gratia.—To bring back any thing; to repeat, renew, restore, = repetere, retractare, renovare, etc.:b.(Hecyram) Iterum referre,
to produce it again, Ter. Hec. prol. 7; id. ib. prol. alt. 21 and 30; cf. Hor. A. P. 179.— So, to bring up for reconsideration:rem judicatam,
Cic. Dom. 29, 78:ludunt... Dictaeos referunt Curetas,
Lucr. 2, 633:Actia pugna per pueros refertur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 62: institutum referri ac renovari, Civ. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; cf.:consuetudo longo intervallo repetita ac relata,
id. ib. 21, 67:te illud idem, quod tum explosum et ejectum est, nunc rettulisse demiror,
Cic. Clu. 31, 86:cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint eandemque totius caeli descriptionem longis intervallis retulerint,
id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:mysteria ad quae biduo serius veneram,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:quasdam caerimonias ex magno intervallo,
Liv. 3, 55:antiquum morem,
Suet. Caes. 20:consuetudinem antiquam,
id. Tib. 32 et saep.:cum aditus consul idem illud responsum rettulit,
repeated, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:veterem Valeriae gentis in liberandā patriā laudem,
to restore, Cic. Fl. 1, 1:hunc morem, hos casus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius Rettulit,
Verg. A. 5, 598:O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,
id. ib. 8, 560.—To represent, set forth anew, reproduce, etc.:3.referre Naturam, mores, victum motusque parentum,
to reproduce, Lucr. 1, 597:majorum vultus vocesque comasque,
id. 4, 1221:mores, os vultusque ejus (sc. patris),
Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 9:parentis sui speciem,
Liv. 10, 7; cf.:(Tellus) partim figuras Rettulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit,
Ov. M. 1, 437:faciem demptā pelle novam,
Tib. 1, 8, 46:temporis illius vultum,
Ov. M. 13, 443: si quis mihi parvulus aulā Luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore [p. 1545] referret, might represent, resemble thee, Verg. A. 4, 329; cf.:nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,
id. ib. 12, 348:Marsigni sermone vultuque Suevos referunt,
Tac. G. 43:neque amissos colores lana refert,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 28.—To convey a report, account, intelligence, by speech or by writing; to report, announce, relate, recite, repeat, recount; to mention, allege (class.;b.in late Lat. saepissime): certorum hominum sermones referebantur ad me,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10 Orell. N. cr.:tales miserrima fletus Fertque refertque soror (sc. ad Aeneam),
Verg. A. 4, 438:pugnam referunt,
Ov. M. 12, 160:factum dictumve,
Liv. 6, 40:si quis hoc referat exemplum,
Quint. 5, 11, 8:in epistulis Cicero haec Bruti refert verba,
id. 6, 3, 20:quale refert Cicero de homine praelongo, caput eum, etc.,
id. 6, 3, 67 et saep.:quaecunque refers,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 60; 2, 1, 130:sermones deorum,
id. C. 3, 3, 71:multum referens de Maecenate,
Juv. 1, 66. —With obj.-clause, Suet. Caes. 30; Ov. M. 1, 700; 4, 796:Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere refer,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2 al.; cf. poet. by Greek attraction:quia rettulit Ajax Esse Jovis pronepos,
Ov. M. 13, 141; and:referre aliquid in annales,
Liv. 4, 34 fin., and 43, 13, 2:ut Proetum mulier perfida credulum Falsis impulerit criminibus, refert,
Hor. C. 3, 7, 16.— Absol.:quantum, inquam, debetis? Respondent CVI. Refero ad Scaptium,
I report, announce it to Scaptius, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12:in quo primum saepe aliter est dictum, aliter ad nos relatum,
reported, stated, id. Brut. 57, 288:(Hortensius) nullo referente, omnia adversariorum dicta meminisset,
id. ib. 88, 301:abi, quaere, et refer,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 53. —Poet. (mostly in Ovid), to repeat to one ' s self, call to mind:c.tacitāque recentia mente Visa refert,
Ov. M. 15, 27:si forte refers,
id. Am. 2, 8, 17:haec refer,
id. R. Am. 308:saepe refer tecum sceleratae facta puellae,
id. ib. 299:mente memor refero,
id. M. 15, 451:foeda Lycaoniae referens convivia mensae,
id. ib. 1, 165; cf.:illam meminitque refertque,
id. ib. 11, 563.—Pregn., to say in return, to rejoin, answer, reply (syn. respondeo):d.id me non ad meam defensionem attulisse, sed illorum defensioni rettulisse,
Cic. Caecin. 29, 85:ego tibi refero,
I reply to you, id. ib. 29, 85, §84: ut si esset dictum, etc., et referret aliquis Ergo, etc.,
id. Fat. 13, 30:quid a nobis autem refertur,
id. Quint. 13, 44: retices;nec mutua nostris Dicta refers,
Ov. M. 1, 656; 14, 696:Musa refert,
id. ib. 5, 337; id. F. 5, 278:Anna refert,
Verg. A. 4, 31:talia voce,
id. ib. 1, 94:pectore voces,
id. ib. 5, 409:tandem pauca refert,
id. ib. 4, 333 et saep. —Publicists' t. t.(α).To bring, convey, deliver any thing as an official report, to report, announce, notify, = renuntiare:(β).legati haec se ad suos relaturos dixerunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 9; cf.:cujus orationem legati domum referunt,
id. B. C. 1, 35: responsa (legati), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 380, 31:legationem Romam,
Liv. 7, 32:mandata ad aliquem,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57:responsa,
id. B. G. 1, 35; cf.:mandata alicui,
id. ib. 1, 37:numerum capitum ad aliquem,
id. ib. 2, 33 fin.:rumores excipere et ad aliquem referre,
Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 47:Ubii paucis diebus intermissis referunt, Suevos omnes, etc.,
id. ib. 6, 10; Liv. 3, 38, 12.—Ad senatum de aliquā re referre (less freq with acc., a rel.-clause, or absol.), to make a motion or proposition in the Senate; to consult, refer to, or lay before the Senate; to move, bring forward, propose: VTI L. PAVLVS C. MARCELLVS COSS... DE CONSVLARIBVS PROVINCIIS AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID PRIVS... AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID CONIVNCTVM DE EA RE REFERRETVR A CONSVLIBVS, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq.: de legibus abrogandis ad senatum referre. Cic. Cornel. 1, Fragm. 8 (p. 448 Orell.); cf.:(γ).de quo legando consules spero ad senatum relaturos,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:de ejus honore ad senatum referre,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:de eā re postulant uti referatur. Itaque consulente Cicerone frequens senatus decernit, etc.,
Sall. C. 48, 5, 6:rem ad senatum refert,
id. ib. 29, 1; cf.:tunc relata ex integro res ad senatum,
Liv. 21, 5:rem ad senatum,
id. 2, 22:consul convocato senatu refert, quid de his fieri placeat, qui, etc.,
Sall. C. 50, 3: ut ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari (a consulibus) non potuit. Referunt consules de re publicā, Caes. B. C. 1, 1; cf.:refer, inquis, ad senatum. Non referam,
Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20.—Of other bodies than the Senate (cf.: defero, fero): C. Cassium censorem de signo Concordiae dedicando ad pontificum collegium rettulisse,
Cic. Dom. 53, 136: eam rem ad consilium cum rettulisset Fabius. Liv. 24, 45, 2; 30, 4, 9:est quod referam ad consilium,
id. 30, 31, 9; 44, 2, 5; Curt. 4, 11, 10.— Per syllepsin: DE EA RE AD SENATVM POPVLVMQVE REFERRI, since referre ad populum was not used in this sense (for ferre ad populum); v. fero, and the foll. g:de hoc (sc. Eumene) Antigonus ad consilium rettulit,
Nep. Eum. 12, 1.— Transf., to make a reference, to refer (class.): de rebus et obscuris et incertis ad Apollinem censeo referendum;ad quem etiam Athenienses publice de majoribus rebus semper rettulerunt,
Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122; cf. Nep. Lys. 3; Cic. Quint. 16, 53.— Different from this is, *Referre ad populum (for denuo ferre), to propose or refer any thing anew to the people (cf. supra, II. B. 2.;e.v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1006): factum est illorum aequitate et sapientiā consulum, ut id, quod senatus decreverat, id postea referendum ad populum non arbitrarentur,
Cic. Clu. 49, 137; cf. Att. ap. Non. p. 512, 29; Liv. 22, 20; Val. Max. 8, 10, 1.—A mercantile and publicists' t. t., to note down, enter any thing in writing; to inscribe, register, record, etc.:4.cum scirem, ita indicium in tabulas publicas relatum,
Cic. Sull. 15, 42:in tabulas quodcumque commodum est,
id. Fl. 9, 20:nomen in tabulas, in codicem,
id. Rosc. Com. 1, 4:quod reliquum in commentarium,
id. Att. 7, 3, 7:quid in libellum,
id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:tuas epistulas in volumina,
i. e. to admit, id. Fam. 16, 17 init.; cf.:orationem in Origines,
id. Brut. 23, 89 al.:in reos, in proscriptos referri,
to be set down among, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:absentem in reos,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 42, § 109; cf.:aliquem inter proscriptos,
Suet. Aug. 70:anulos quoque depositos a nobilitate, in annales relatum est,
Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 18:senatūs consulta falsa (sc. in aerarium),
enter, register, Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Phil. 5, 4, 12. —Entirely absol.:ut nec triumviri accipiundo nec scribae referundo sufficerent,
Liv. 26, 36 fin. —Here, too, belongs referre rationes or aliquid (in rationibus, ad aerarium, ad aliquem, alicui), to give, present, or render an account:rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2;and rationes referre alone: in rationibus referendis... rationum referendarum jus, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 20, 1; id. Pis. 25, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77; 2, 3, 71, § 167:referre rationes publicas ad Caesarem cum fide,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20 fin.:si hanc ex fenore pecuniam populo non rettuleris, reddas societati,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167:(pecuniam) in aerarium,
Liv. 37, 57, 12; cf.: pecuniam operi publico, to charge to, i. e. to set down as applied to, Cic. Fl. 19, 44.— So, too, acceptum and in acceptum referre, to place to one ' s credit, in a lit. and trop. sense (v. accipio).— Hence, transf.: aliquem (aliquid) in numero (as above, in rationibus), in numerum, etc., to count or reckon a person or thing among:Democritus, qui imagines eorumque circuitus in deorum numero refert,
Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29:(Caesar, Claudius) in deorum numerum relatus est,
Suet. Caes. 88; id. Claud. 45:Ponticus Heraclides terram et caelum refert in deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 13, 34:nostri oratorii libri in Eundem librorum numerum referendi videntur,
id. Div. 2, 1, 4: hoc nomen in codicem relatum, id. Rosc. Com. B. and K. (al. in codice).—With inter (postAug. and freq.):ut inter deos referretur (August.),
Suet. Aug. 97:diem inter festos, nefastos,
Tac. A. 13, 41 fin.:hi tamen inter Germanos referuntur,
id. G. 46; Suet. Claud. 11; id. Tib. 53:dumque refert inter meritorum maxima, demptos Aesonis esse situs,
Ov. M. 7, 302:intellectum est, quod inter divos quoque referretur,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 14:inter sidera referre,
Hyg. Fab. 192:inter praecipua crudelitatis indicia referendus,
Val. Max. 9, 2, ext. 5:inter insulas,
Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 48:dicebat quasdam esse quaestiones, quae deberent inter res judicatas referri,
Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 12:eodem Q. Caepionem referrem,
I should place in the same category, Cic. Brut. 62, 223.—Referre aliquid ad aliquid, to trace back, ascribe, refer a thing to any thing:5.qui pecudum ritu ad voluptatem omnia referunt,
Cic. Lael. 9, 32:omnia ad igneam vim,
id. N. D. 3, 14, 35:omnia ad incolumitatem et ad libertatem suam,
id. Rep. 1, 32, 49; 1, 26, 41:in historiā quaeque ad veritatem, in poëmate pleraque ad delectationem,
id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; id. Off. 1, 16, 52 et saep. al.:hunc ipsum finem definiebas id esse, quo omnia, quae recte fierent, referrentur, neque id ipsum usquam referretur,
id. Fin. 2, 2, 5; cf.nusquam,
id. ib. 1, 9, 29:ad commonendum oratorem, quo quidque referat,
id. de Or. 1, 32, 145:hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,
Hor. C. 3, 6, 6.— With dat.:cujus adversa pravitati ipsius, prospera ad fortunam referebat,
Tac. A. 14, 38 fin. — In Tac. once with in:quidquid ubique magnificum est, in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,
Tac. G. 34.—Rarely of persons;as: tuum est Caesar, quid nunc mihi animi sit, ad te ipsum referre,
Cic. Deiot. 2, 7.— Absol.: ita inserere oportet referentem ad fructum, meliore genere ut sit surculus, etc., one who looks to or cares for the fruit, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 6.—Culpam in aliquem referre, to throw the blame upon, accuse, hold responsible for, etc. (post-Aug.):hic, quod in adversis rebis solet fieri, alius in alium culpam referebant,
Curt. 4, 3, 7; Aug. contr. Man. 2, 17, 25 Hier. Epp. 1, 9 fin.: cf.:augere ejus, in quem referet crimen, culpam,
Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 83:causa ad matrem referebatur,
Tac. A. 6, 49:causam abscessus ad Sejani artes,
id. ib. 4, 57. -
94 summa
summa, ae, f. (sc. res; old gen. summai, Lucr. 1, 984; 6, 679) [summus, v. superus].I.Lit., that which is highest in any thing, the top, summit, surface (postAug. and very rare):II.testudines evectae in summā pelagi,
Plin. 9, 10, 12, § 35 (cf. summus, I. s. v. superus).—Transf., that which is most important or prominent in any thing, the main thing, chief point, principal matter; the sum, height, substance, summit, completion, perfectionA.In gen.:B.leges a me edentur non perfectae... sed ipsae summae rerum atque sententiae,
the main points, chief particulars, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:cujus rei satis erit summam dixisse,
id. Inv. 1, 20, 28:ex hac infinitā licentiā haec summa cogitur, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 43, 67:lectis rerum summis,
Liv. 40, 29, 11:haec summa est, hic nostri nuntius esto,
Verg. A. 4, 237:summa est, si curaveris, ut, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 75, 2:in hoc summa judicii causaque tota consistit,
id. Quint. 9, 32:eam ignominiam ad summam universi belli pertinere ratus,
to the issue of the whole war, Liv. 32, 17, 3; cf.:haec belli summa nefandi,
Verg. A. 12, 572:solus summam habet hic apud nos,
the first place, pre-eminence, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 15:qui vobis summam ordinis consiliique concedunt,
Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15:summam alicui rei dare,
perfection, culmination, Quint. 3, 2, 1: 5, 10, 72; 11, 2, 41; 12, 1, 20: remittendo de summā quisque juris. strict or extreme right, Liv. 4, 43, 11.—In partic.1.Of a reckoning of numbers, the amount, the sum, sum total, including each of the single items, as if counted: quid, tu, inquam, soles, cum rationem a dispensatore accipis, si aera singula probasti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 193, 11:2.addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat,
id. Off. 1, 18, 59: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem milia, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 46:equitum magno numero ex omni populi summa separato,
Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:subducamus summam,
id. Att. 5, 21, 11:summam facere,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131.—Of money, a sum, amount.(α).With pecuniae:(β).pecuniae summam quantam imperaverit, parum convenit,
Liv. 30, 16, 12:pecuniae etiam par prope summa fuit,
id. 33, 23, 9:summa pecuniae signatae fuit talentūm duo milia et sexcenta,
Curt. 3, 13, 16:accessit ad hanc pecuniae summam sex milia talantum,
id. 5, 6, 10:pecuniae summa homines movit,
Liv. 22, 61, 1; 38, 11, 8; 40, 46, 16; 42, 62, 14; cf.:census equestrem Summam nummorum,
Hor. A. P. 384:ob parvam pecuniae summam erogatam,
Val. Max. 4, 8, 1.—Without pecuniae:3.de summā nihil decedet,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 30:hac summā redempti,
Liv. 32, 17, 2; 22, 61, 2:Marcellus decem pondo auri et argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit,
id. 45, 4, 1:quācumque summā tradet luxuriae domum,
Phaedr. 4, 4, 44;creditor totius summae,
Quint. 5, 10, 117:actor summarum,
Suet. Dom. 11.—Without reference to a count, the sum, the whole:4.de summā mali detrahere,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 55:summa cogitationum mearum omnium,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:meorum maerorum atque amorum summam edictavi tibi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 2:ergo ex hac infinita licentiā haec summa cogitur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:proposita vitae ejus velut summa,
Suet. Aug. 9:vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15: summarum summa est aeterna, the sum of all sums, the sum of all things, i. e. the universe, Lucr. 5, 361; so,summa summarum,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 4; Sen. Ep. 40, 13; and: summa summaï, Lucr 6, 679. —Adverb.(α).Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in short, in a word:(β).ille affirmabat... ad summam: non posse istaec sic abire,
Cic. Att. 14, 1, 1; so,ad summam,
id. ib. 7, 7, 7; id. Off. 1, 42, 149; id. Fam. 14, 14, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106, Juv. 3, 79.—In summā, in all:(γ).Drusus erat de praevaricatione a tribunis aerariis absolutus, in summā quattuor sententiis,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; 2, 11, 25:in omni summā,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5 —In summā, at last, finally (post-Aug.):C.diu colluctatus est: in summā victus occumbit,
Just. 13, 8, 8; 22, 1, 8; 37, 1, 8.—Transf., the whole (opp. a part):2.magnam res diligentiam requirebat, non in summā exercitus tuenda, sed in singulis militibus conservandis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 34; cf.:summa exercitus salva,
the main body of the army, id. B. C. 1, 67:solet quaedam esse partium brevitas, quae longam tamen efficit summam,
Quint. 4, 2, 41:quaedam partibus blandiuntur, sed in summam non consentiunt,
id. 4, 2, 90.—That which relates to the whole, as opp. to a part; with gen., the general, supreme:(Remi dicebant) ad hunc (regem) totius belli summam omnium voluntate deferri,
the command in chief, Caes. B. G. 2, 4:neque de summā belli suum judicium sed imperatoris esse,
id. ib. 1, 41:cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus,
authority over all affairs, the supreme power, Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 42:is, qui summam rerum administrabat,
id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:ad te summa solum, Phormio, rerum redit,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 3:ad summam rerum consulere,
for the general interest, Caes. B. C. 3, 51:ad discrimen summa rerum adducta,
to a general engagement, Liv. 10, 27:discrimen summae rerum,
id. 10, 14:quos penes summam consilii voluit esse, cum imperii summam rex teneret,
the sole command, Cic. Rep. 2, 28, 51; cf.:qui vobis summam ordinis consiliique concedunt,
id. Cat. 4, 7, 15:imperii,
Caes. B. G. 2, 23; id. B. C. 3, 5:quod penes eos (Bituriges), si id oppidum retinuissent, summam victoriae constare intellegebant,
the whole credit of the victory, id. B. G. 7, 21; so, victoriae, id. B. C. 1, 82.— Poet.:summa ducum, Atri des,
Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37. -
95 методика
ж. technique, procedure; methods, methodologyметодика проектирования; методика расчёта — design procedure
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96 стандарт
1. markприближаться к принятой норме, приближаться к принятому стандарту — to be near the mark
2. reference standard3. gauge4. bench mark5. benchmark6. standardsбыть ниже нормы; быть ниже стандарта — be below the standard
7. norm8. standardСинонимический ряд:1. образец (сущ.) образец; эталон2. шаблон (сущ.) трафарет; шаблон; штамп -
97 ἀναβολή
I of things:1 that which is thrown up, mound of earth, bank, X.An.5.2.5, D.S.17.95; ἀ. χωμάτων casting up of dykes, Arch.Pap.6.132 ([place name] Denderah);διωρύγων PAmh.2.91.11
(pl.).2 that which is thrown back over the shoulder, mantle, Pl.Prt. 342c<*> PPetr.3p.48 (iii B. C.), LXX Ne.5.13, al.; of the toga, Nic.Dam. p.119D.: also, fashion of wearing a cloak, Luc.Somn.6.II of actions,1 striking up, prelude on the lyre preliminary to singing, ὁπόταν προοιμίων ἀμβολὰς τεύχῃς ἐλελιζομένη, addressed to the lyre, Pi.P.1.4; esp. of dithyramb, Eup.5D.: hence, rambling dithyrambic ode, Ar.Av. 1385, cf. Pax 830, Arist.Rh. 1409b25; cf.ἀναβάλλω B.
I.2 putting off, delaying, ;ὅ τι μέλλετε.. μὴ ἐς ἀ. πράσσετε Th.7.15
; οὐκ ἐς ἀμβολάς without delay, E.Heracl. 270;ἐς μηδεμίαν ἀ. PAmh. 2.34i
.5; ἐν ταῖς ἀ. τῶν κακῶν ἔνεστ ἄκη E.HF93; ἐπὶ ἀναβολῇ πρᾶσιν, ὠνὴν ποιεῖσθαι sell, buy on credit, Pl.Lg. 915e;ἀναβολήν τινος ποιεῖσθαι Th.2.42
; ;εἰς τὸ γῆρας ἀναβολὰς ποιεῖν Men. 235.8
;δακρύοις.. ἐμποιεῖν ἀ. τῷ πάθει Id.599
; ἀναβολὰν λαβόντες ἔτητρία IG9(2).205.22
(Thess.).3ἀ. δίκης ἐπὶ τὸν βασιλέα
reference, appeal,Str.
13.1.55.4 lifting, hence, removal, of tumours, Antyll. ap. Orib.45.2.6.III intr., going up, ascent, way up,ἀ. τῶν Ἄλπεων Plb.3.39.9
, etc.;τὴν ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι 50.3
.2 bubbling up,πομφολύγων Arist.Pr. 936b1
, Thphr.Ign.16; of the Nile, sources, ([place name] Philae).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀναβολή
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98 ἀναφορά
A coming up, rising,ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι
rise,Arist.
HA 622b7; of vapours or exhalations, Placit.3.7.4, Theol.Ar. 31, cf. Orib.9.16.3, etc.II ([etym.] ἀναφέρω) carrying back, reference of a thing to a standard, ; in Law, recourse, : abs., Thphr. Char.8.5 (pl.), IG5(1).1390.111 (Andania, i B.C.);ἡ ἀ. ἐστι πρός τι Arist.Cat. 5b20
, al.; ἀ. ἔχειν πρός or ἐπί τι to be referable to.., Epicur. Fr. 409, Plb.4.28.3, Plu.2.290e, al.; ἀ. τινος γίγνεται πρός or ἐπί τι, Plb.1.3.4, Plu.2.1071a; ([place name] Teos); ἀ. ἔχειν ἐπί τι, of writings, refer to, Alex.Aphr.in Mete.4.1; τούτων εἰς Κυναίγειρον ποιήσασθαι τὴν ἀναφοράν assign to, give credit for.., Polem.Call.23.2 way of retreat,ὑπέλιπε ἑαυτῷ ἀναφοράν D.18.219
;νῦν δὲ αὑτοῖς μὲν κατέλιπον τὴν εἰς τὸ ἀφανὲς ἀναφοράν Aeschin. 2.104
, cf. Plb.15.8.13, etc.3 means of repairing a fault, defeat, etc.,ἀλλ' ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἀ. τῆς ξυμφορᾶς E.Or. 414
;ἀ. ἁμαρτήματος ἔχειν
way to atone for..,Plu.
Phoc.2;ἀ. ἔχειν
means of recovery,Id.
Fab. 14.5 report, PLond.1.17.34 (ii B.C.), etc.6 petition, PRyl.119.28(i A.D.).7 payment on account, instalment, OGI225 (Milet.), PEleph.14.26 (iii B.C.), PRev.Laws16.10 (iii B.C.), etc.8 Rhet., repetition of a word, Longin.20.1, Demetr.Eloc, 141.10 Medic., = ἀνάδοσις, opp. πέψις, Aret.SD2.7.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀναφορά
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99 aanbeveling
2 [lijst van personen] short list♦voorbeelden:1 dat strekt hem tot aanbeveling • that is to his credit/in his favourhet verdient aanbeveling om … • it is advisable to … -
100 Smith, Oberlin
[br]b. 22 March 1840 Cincinnati, Ohio, USAd. 18 July 1926[br]American mechanical engineer, pioneer in experiments with magnetic recording.[br]Of English descent, Smith embarked on an education in mechanical engineering, graduating from West Jersey Academy, Bridgeton, New Jersey, in 1859. In 1863 he established a machine shop in Bridgeton, New Jersey, that became the Ferracute Machine Company in 1877, eventually specializing in the manufacture of presses for metalworking. He seems to have subscribed to design principles considered modern even in the 1990s, "always giving attention to the development of artistic form in combination with simplicity, and with massive strength where required" (bibliographic reference below). He was successful in his business, and developed and patented a large number of mechanical constructions.Inspired by the advent of the phonograph of Edison, in 1878 Smith obtained the tin-foil mechanical phonograph, analysed its shortcomings and performed some experiments in magnetic recording. He filed a caveat in the US Patent Office in order to be protected while he "reduced the invention to practice". However, he did not follow this trail. When there was renewed interest in practical sound recording and reproduction in 1888 (the constructions of Berliner and Bell \& Tainter), Smith published an account of his experiments in the journal Electrical World. In a corrective letter three weeks later it is clear that he was aware of the physical requirements for the interaction between magnetic coil and magnetic medium, but his publications also indicate that he did not as such obtain reproduction of recorded sound.Smith did not try to develop magnetic recording, but he felt it imperative that he be given credit for conceiving the idea of it. When accounts of Valdemar Poulsen's work were published in 1900, Smith attempted to prove some rights in the invention in the US Patent Office, but to no avail.He was a highly respected member of both his community and engineering societies, and in later life became interested in the anti-slavery cause that had also been close to the heart of his parents, as well as in the YMCA movement and in women's suffrage.[br]BibliographyApart from numerous technical papers, he wrote the book Press Working of Metals, 1896. His accounts on the magnetic recording experiments were "Some possible forms of phonograph", Electrical World (8 September 1888): 161 ff, and "Letter to the Editor", Electrical World (29 September 1888): 179.Further ReadingF.K.Engel, 1990, Documents on the Invention of Magnetic Recording in 1878, New York: Audio Engineering Society, Reprint no. 2,914 (G2) (a good overview of the material collected by the Oberlin Smith Society, Bridgeton, New Jersey, in particular as regards the recording experiments; it is here that it is doubted that Valdemar Poulsen developed his ideas independently).GB-N
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