considering

פַּרְדַּשְׁנָא, פַּרְדִּושְׁ׳m. ( פרדש, enlargement of פרד) gift on parting, dismissal, farewell present. Lam. R. introd. (R. Josh. 2) שדר פ׳ לביתיה he sent a souvenir to his house (v. פִּיטְרָא II). Snh.94b להאי פ׳, v. דָּשְׁנָא; Yalk. Kings 235 פרדיש׳.Pl. פַּרְדַּשְׁנֵי, פַּרְדִּישְׁ׳. Meg.13a שדר פ׳ ולא גליא ליה he (Ahasverus) sent farewell gifts (for Esthers friends), but she did not reveal to him (her kindred); Yalk. Esth. 1053 פרדשכי (corr. acc.). Ab. Zar.71a הני פרסאי משדרי פ׳ those Persians send one another farewell gifts, and never reclaim them (considering possession by lifting (מְשִׁיכָה) final; oth. defin.: send samples, considering acceptance of samples final purchase).

פַּרְדַּשְׁנָא, פַּרְדִּושְׁ׳m. ( פרדש, enlargement of פרד) gift on parting, dismissal, farewell present. Lam. R. introd. (R. Josh. 2) שדר פ׳ לביתיה he sent a souvenir to his house (v. פִּיטְרָא II). Snh.94b להאי פ׳, v. דָּשְׁנָא; Yalk. Kings 235 פרדיש׳.Pl. פַּרְדַּשְׁנֵי, פַּרְדִּישְׁ׳. Meg.13a שדר פ׳ ולא גליא ליה he (Ahasverus) sent farewell gifts (for Esthers friends), but she did not reveal to him (her kindred); Yalk. Esth. 1053 פרדשכי (corr. acc.). Ab. Zar.71a הני פרסאי משדרי פ׳ those Persians send one another farewell gifts, and never reclaim them (considering possession by lifting (מְשִׁיכָה) final; oth. defin.: send samples, considering acceptance of samples final purchase).

פַּרְדַּשְׁנָא, פַּרְדִּושְׁ׳m. ( פרדש, enlargement of פרד) gift on parting, dismissal, farewell present. Lam. R. introd. (R. Josh. 2) שדר פ׳ לביתיה he sent a souvenir to his house (v. פִּיטְרָא II). Snh.94b להאי פ׳, v. דָּשְׁנָא; Yalk. Kings 235 פרדיש׳.Pl. פַּרְדַּשְׁנֵי, פַּרְדִּישְׁ׳. Meg.13a שדר פ׳ ולא גליא ליה he (Ahasverus) sent farewell gifts (for Esthers friends), but she did not reveal to him (her kindred); Yalk. Esth. 1053 פרדשכי (corr. acc.). Ab. Zar.71a הני פרסאי משדרי פ׳ those Persians send one another farewell gifts, and never reclaim them (considering possession by lifting (מְשִׁיכָה) final; oth. defin.: send samples, considering acceptance of samples final purchase).

אִילּוּ, אִלּוּ(late b. h. = אִן לוּ; cmp. Ez. 3:6) if (oh that!). Targ. Ez. l. c.; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 12 א׳ היו … היתה נאה if the pillars had been higher, it would have looked better; a. fr.וא׳ but if ( considering), whereas. Ber.20a; a. fr.וא׳ר׳ whereas R. Yudah א׳ … וא׳ while …, in this case on the contrary. Ib. 37a דא׳ במעשה … ואי׳וכ׳ for while over pot-dishes we say the benediction, here, in our case we say; a. fr. Y.Shebu.I, 33b topאי׳ מי ש in the case of one who …כְּאִילּוּ, כְּאִלּוּ, contr. כִּילּוּ as if, as though. Y.Maas. Sh. V, 56d bot. כא׳ לפניו שינה as if the Lord were, so to say, asleep, when Israel is in trouble; a. v. fr.Y.Kil.IV, end, 29d כילו.

אִילּוּ, אִלּוּ(late b. h. = אִן לוּ; cmp. Ez. 3:6) if (oh that!). Targ. Ez. l. c.; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 12 א׳ היו … היתה נאה if the pillars had been higher, it would have looked better; a. fr.וא׳ but if ( considering), whereas. Ber.20a; a. fr.וא׳ר׳ whereas R. Yudah א׳ … וא׳ while …, in this case on the contrary. Ib. 37a דא׳ במעשה … ואי׳וכ׳ for while over pot-dishes we say the benediction, here, in our case we say; a. fr. Y.Shebu.I, 33b topאי׳ מי ש in the case of one who …כְּאִילּוּ, כְּאִלּוּ, contr. כִּילּוּ as if, as though. Y.Maas. Sh. V, 56d bot. כא׳ לפניו שינה as if the Lord were, so to say, asleep, when Israel is in trouble; a. v. fr.Y.Kil.IV, end, 29d כילו.

אִילּוּ, אִלּוּ(late b. h. = אִן לוּ; cmp. Ez. 3:6) if (oh that!). Targ. Ez. l. c.; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 12 א׳ היו … היתה נאה if the pillars had been higher, it would have looked better; a. fr.וא׳ but if ( considering), whereas. Ber.20a; a. fr.וא׳ר׳ whereas R. Yudah א׳ … וא׳ while …, in this case on the contrary. Ib. 37a דא׳ במעשה … ואי׳וכ׳ for while over pot-dishes we say the benediction, here, in our case we say; a. fr. Y.Shebu.I, 33b topאי׳ מי ש in the case of one who …כְּאִילּוּ, כְּאִלּוּ, contr. כִּילּוּ as if, as though. Y.Maas. Sh. V, 56d bot. כא׳ לפניו שינה as if the Lord were, so to say, asleep, when Israel is in trouble; a. v. fr.Y.Kil.IV, end, 29d כילו.

אִילּוּ, אִלּוּ(late b. h. = אִן לוּ; cmp. Ez. 3:6) if (oh that!). Targ. Ez. l. c.; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 12 א׳ היו … היתה נאה if the pillars had been higher, it would have looked better; a. fr.וא׳ but if ( considering), whereas. Ber.20a; a. fr.וא׳ר׳ whereas R. Yudah א׳ … וא׳ while …, in this case on the contrary. Ib. 37a דא׳ במעשה … ואי׳וכ׳ for while over pot-dishes we say the benediction, here, in our case we say; a. fr. Y.Shebu.I, 33b topאי׳ מי ש in the case of one who …כְּאִילּוּ, כְּאִלּוּ, contr. כִּילּוּ as if, as though. Y.Maas. Sh. V, 56d bot. כא׳ לפניו שינה as if the Lord were, so to say, asleep, when Israel is in trouble; a. v. fr.Y.Kil.IV, end, 29d כילו.

גְּרוּטִיf. (γρύτη) trash, frippery, broken ware. Kel. XI, 3 a vessel made משברי כלים מן הג׳ Ar. (ed. גרוטים, Bart. גרוטאות) out of fragments of vessels, or out of small ware Pl. גְּרוּטָאוֹת. Sabb.123a זורקה לבין הג׳ (Ms. O. גְּרוּטָאוֹתָיו; R. S. to Kel. l. c. גְּרוּטוֹתָיו) he cast it among the rubbish (considering it no longer a vessel); B. Mets.52b בין גרוטותיו (Ms. M. לתוך גריטות׳). Bekh.13b; Ab. Zar.53a; 71b; Tosef. ib. V (VI), 3. Tosef.Ḥull.I, 18.

גְּרוּטִיf. (γρύτη) trash, frippery, broken ware. Kel. XI, 3 a vessel made משברי כלים מן הג׳ Ar. (ed. גרוטים, Bart. גרוטאות) out of fragments of vessels, or out of small ware Pl. גְּרוּטָאוֹת. Sabb.123a זורקה לבין הג׳ (Ms. O. גְּרוּטָאוֹתָיו; R. S. to Kel. l. c. גְּרוּטוֹתָיו) he cast it among the rubbish (considering it no longer a vessel); B. Mets.52b בין גרוטותיו (Ms. M. לתוך גריטות׳). Bekh.13b; Ab. Zar.53a; 71b; Tosef. ib. V (VI), 3. Tosef.Ḥull.I, 18.

דּוּק(cmp. דוּךְ) 1) to pound, beat; to powder. Bets14a, v. דּיּךְ.Part. Peil דָּיִיק powdered. Ib. b ד׳ טפי fine-powdered. Ḥull.51b, v. כִּיתְנָא, V. דְּקַק. 2) (cmp. בִּין, בָּקַר a. oth.) to examine carefully, to be particular, exact in expression; to pay special attention, to mind. Ib. 6a, a. fr. דָּק ואשכח he examined and found. Succ.8a לא דק he did not express himself exactly; a. fr.Part. דָּיֵיק careful. Keth.18b מֵידַק ד׳ he is very careful (as to what witnesses he uses). Yoma 83b הווה ד׳ בשמא minded a mans name (considering it an indication of his character). Ib. לא הוו דַיְיקֵי בשמא did not mind Ib. דַּיְיקִיתוּ ye mind.Part. Peil דָּיִיק (v. Pa.) proved, conclusive. B. Kam.3b those verses לא כמר דָּיְיקֵיוכ׳ are no evidence either for the one or the other.Denom. דֵּיקָא, דְּיוּקָא, דּוְקָא. Pa. דַּיֵּיק 1) to grind, to chew carefully. Sabb.155a bot. דדיְּיקָה ואכלה Ms. M. (ed. דדיקה באוכלא) she grinds her food carefully. 2) to argue by pressing a word, to analyze, prove. Keth.31b ד׳ מרישא takes his argument from the first clause; a. fr. 3) to calculate exactly. Targ. Y. Lev. 27:18. Ib. 25:50, v. דִּקְרֵק; a. e. Af. אוֹדִיק, אֲדִיק to be punctilious, get impatient. Koh. R. to III, 9 א׳ מלכא the king was irritated. Pesik. Bshall. p. 86b>; Yalk. Sam. 152 אוֹדִיקַת סרחוכ׳ Serah … grew angry; cmp. דִּקְדֵּק. 2) to examine, look with anxiety, wait attentively. Targ. Prov. 7:6. Targ. Ps. 14:2; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 17 אודיק … לקלהון R. … examined into the noise they made; Lev. R. s. 34; Yalk. Lev. 665; Yalk. Is. 352. Y.Keth.XVII, 35a top; Y.Kil.IX, 32b top א׳ לון תכ׳ Bar K. looked out for them (waiting for them to ask him).

דּוּק(cmp. דוּךְ) 1) to pound, beat; to powder. Bets14a, v. דּיּךְ.Part. Peil דָּיִיק powdered. Ib. b ד׳ טפי fine-powdered. Ḥull.51b, v. כִּיתְנָא, V. דְּקַק. 2) (cmp. בִּין, בָּקַר a. oth.) to examine carefully, to be particular, exact in expression; to pay special attention, to mind. Ib. 6a, a. fr. דָּק ואשכח he examined and found. Succ.8a לא דק he did not express himself exactly; a. fr.Part. דָּיֵיק careful. Keth.18b מֵידַק ד׳ he is very careful (as to what witnesses he uses). Yoma 83b הווה ד׳ בשמא minded a mans name (considering it an indication of his character). Ib. לא הוו דַיְיקֵי בשמא did not mind Ib. דַּיְיקִיתוּ ye mind.Part. Peil דָּיִיק (v. Pa.) proved, conclusive. B. Kam.3b those verses לא כמר דָּיְיקֵיוכ׳ are no evidence either for the one or the other.Denom. דֵּיקָא, דְּיוּקָא, דּוְקָא. Pa. דַּיֵּיק 1) to grind, to chew carefully. Sabb.155a bot. דדיְּיקָה ואכלה Ms. M. (ed. דדיקה באוכלא) she grinds her food carefully. 2) to argue by pressing a word, to analyze, prove. Keth.31b ד׳ מרישא takes his argument from the first clause; a. fr. 3) to calculate exactly. Targ. Y. Lev. 27:18. Ib. 25:50, v. דִּקְרֵק; a. e. Af. אוֹדִיק, אֲדִיק to be punctilious, get impatient. Koh. R. to III, 9 א׳ מלכא the king was irritated. Pesik. Bshall. p. 86b>; Yalk. Sam. 152 אוֹדִיקַת סרחוכ׳ Serah … grew angry; cmp. דִּקְדֵּק. 2) to examine, look with anxiety, wait attentively. Targ. Prov. 7:6. Targ. Ps. 14:2; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 17 אודיק … לקלהון R. … examined into the noise they made; Lev. R. s. 34; Yalk. Lev. 665; Yalk. Is. 352. Y.Keth.XVII, 35a top; Y.Kil.IX, 32b top א׳ לון תכ׳ Bar K. looked out for them (waiting for them to ask him).

כְּלַפֵּיh. a. ch. (= כִּ (וון) לאפי, v. אַף, אַפָּא a. כּוּן) directed towards, opposite, against. Targ. Job 24:15; a. e.Snh.VI, 4 פניו כ׳ העם his (the culprits) face towards the people; כ׳ העץ towards the cross. Ib. 105a, v. חוּצְפָּא. Pes.8b כ׳ שאמרה תורה in the face of what (considering that) the Law says; Y.Macc.II, 31d top כ׳ שנאמר; a. fr.כ׳ לייא, אליה, v. אַלְיָה.

כְּלַפֵּיh. a. ch. (= כִּ (וון) לאפי, v. אַף, אַפָּא a. כּוּן) directed towards, opposite, against. Targ. Job 24:15; a. e.Snh.VI, 4 פניו כ׳ העם his (the culprits) face towards the people; כ׳ העץ towards the cross. Ib. 105a, v. חוּצְפָּא. Pes.8b כ׳ שאמרה תורה in the face of what (considering that) the Law says; Y.Macc.II, 31d top כ׳ שנאמר; a. fr.כ׳ לייא, אליה, v. אַלְיָה.

לָבוּדm. (לָבַד) 1) לֶבֶר. 2) compact, solid. Sabb.97a; Succ.16b כל פחות משלשה כל׳ דמי wherever there is a gap of less than three handbreadths, the parts so separated are considered as a solid (partition), e. g. a mat suspended vertically so as to leave a gap of less than three hand breadths from the ceiling and one of the same size from the floor is to be considered a solid wall completing the requirements of the Succah (סוּכָּה).Hence labud, the legal fiction of considering separated parts as united, if the gap is less than three handbreadths. Ib. מהו דתימא חד ל׳ אמרינן תרי ל׳וכ׳ you might have thought we adopt one labud but not two labud (a fictitious connection with the ceiling and with the floor); Erub.9a מרוח אחת אמרינן ל׳ משתיוכ׳. Ib. 4b the traditional rule aplies לְגוּד וּלְלָ׳וכ׳ to the fiction of stretching (v. נְגַד), of labud ; Succ.6b ולל׳ Ms. M. (ed. ול׳, corr. acc.). Erub.9a, v. חָבוּט.

לָבוּדm. (לָבַד) 1) לֶבֶר. 2) compact, solid. Sabb.97a; Succ.16b כל פחות משלשה כל׳ דמי wherever there is a gap of less than three handbreadths, the parts so separated are considered as a solid (partition), e. g. a mat suspended vertically so as to leave a gap of less than three hand breadths from the ceiling and one of the same size from the floor is to be considered a solid wall completing the requirements of the Succah (סוּכָּה).Hence labud, the legal fiction of considering separated parts as united, if the gap is less than three handbreadths. Ib. מהו דתימא חד ל׳ אמרינן תרי ל׳וכ׳ you might have thought we adopt one labud but not two labud (a fictitious connection with the ceiling and with the floor); Erub.9a מרוח אחת אמרינן ל׳ משתיוכ׳. Ib. 4b the traditional rule aplies לְגוּד וּלְלָ׳וכ׳ to the fiction of stretching (v. נְגַד), of labud ; Succ.6b ולל׳ Ms. M. (ed. ול׳, corr. acc.). Erub.9a, v. חָבוּט.

פָּסַל(b. h.) 1) to cut, chip, hew, trim. Tanḥ. ʿEḳeb 9 (ref. to Koh. 3:5) עת היה לִפְסוֹל שניוכ׳ the time came to hew other two tablets (in place of the broken). Ib. מתחת כסא הכבוד פְּסָלָן he hewed them from under the throne of glory. Ab. Zar.52a (ref. to Deut. 7:25) משפְּסָלוֹ נעשה אלוה as soon as a gentile has done chiselling on it, it becomes a deity (an idol forbidden to Jews for any use); ib. פסלו לאלוה לאוכ׳ when the gentile has hewed it for a god, thou shalt not covet it; פסלו מאלוה ולקחת לך when he chips it so as to unfit it as an idol (v. infra), thou mayest take it unto thyself; a. e.Part. pass. פָּסוּל; f. פְּסוּלָה; pl. פְּסוּלִים, פְּסוּלִין; פְּסוּלוֹת a) chiselled, chipped. Lev. R. s. 22 אבנים פ׳ chipped stones (unfit for the altar); a. e.b) (cmp. פָּגַם) defective, unfit, disqualified, v. פָּסוּל. 2) (denom. of פָּסוּל) to disqualify, to be the cause of disqualification of; to declare unfit. Ḥull.III, 12 פּוֹסְלִין, v. כָּשֵׁר I. Ab. Zar. l. c. מניין לנכרי שפּוֹסֵל אלוהו how will you prove that a gentile can cancel his deity (by disfiguring it)? Kidd.70a אוי לו לפוסל את זרעו ולפוגםוכ׳ woe to him who causes his descendants to be disqualified and his family to be tarnished. Ib. כל הפוסל פסול he who tarnishes (casts suspicion on the purity of a family) is himself tarnished (of spurious descent); במומו פוסל he charges others with his own defect. Ex. R. s. 1 החזירתו … ופ׳ את כלן she (Pharaohs daughter) took him (the infant Moses) around to all Egyptian women to give him suck, but he rejected all of them (refused to take their breasts); ולמה פְסָלָן and why did he reject them? Snh.III, 1 זה פוֹסֵל דיינו של זהוכ׳ each has a right to reject the judge chosen by the other; אם היו כשרים … אינו יכול לפוֹסְלָן if they are fit (not legally disqualified) or authorized, he cannot reject them. Ib. זה פוסל עדיווכ׳ every witness in a case may help by his testimony to disqualify the opposing partys witnesses. R. Hash. I, 7 קבלו … ופָסְלוּוכ׳ they accepted as witnesses himself and his son, and rejected his slave. Mikv. II, 4 פּוֹסְלִין את המקוה are sufficient to make the pond unfit for ritual immersion. Ib. VII, 5 לא פְסָלוּהוּ they do not make the blood unfit. Zeb.I, 4 המחשבה פוֹסֶלֶת the improper intention makes the sacrifice unfit. Succ.II, 7, a. e. בית שמאי פוסלין the school of Sh. declares such a Succah to be ritually unfit; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cancel, abrogate. B. Kam.97a פְּסָלַתּוּ מלכות the government cancelled the coin; פסלתו מדינה the inhabitants of the district refused to pass it.Gen. R. s. 30, beg. כל מקום שנאמר אלה פ׳ את הראשוניםוכ׳ wherever the Biblical text has ‘these, it is meant to cancel (exclude) the preceding; wherever it has ‘and these, it is to add to the preceding; Ex. R. s. 1 אלה תולדות … פ׳וכ׳ ‘these are the origins of heaven and earth (Gen. 2:4), this excludes the time of chaos; a. fr. Nif. נִפִסַל 1) to be hewn, sculptured. Sifra Kdosh. beg. פסל על שהם נִפְסָלִין idols are named pesel, because they are sculptured; (Yalk. Lev. 604 פסולין). 2) to be disqualified, made unfit, declared unfit. Zeb.I, 4 הזבח נ׳ ארבעהוכ׳ a sacrifice may become unfit by improper actions in four stages, at the slaughtering Pes.15b; 45b הפת … ונִפְסְלָה מלאכול if bread becomes mouldy and unfit for man to eat. Toh. VIII, 6 עד שיִפָּסֵל מאוכל הכלב until it becomes unfit for a dog to eat; Y.Ḥall.IV, 60a top עד שתִּפְסוֹל. Men.100a, v. פְּסוֹל. Num. R. s. 6 end לא היו נִפְסָלִים אלא בקול they (the Levites) became unfit for service only when they lost their voice for song. B. Kam.IX, 2 נִפְסְלָה מעל גבי המזבח became unfit for the altar; a. fr.Trnsf. to be cancelled, abrogated. B. Kam. l. c. (גזל) מטבע ונ׳ if one stole a coin, and it was invalidated (before he made the restitution). Snh.104b (expl. סִלָּה, Lam. 1:15) כאדם שאומר לחברו נפסלה מטבע זו as one says to his neighbor, this coin is worthless; v. סָלָא; a. e. Pi. פִּיסֵּל to cut off dry twigs, to trim. Shebi. II, 3 מְפַסְּלִין עדוכ׳ (in the ante-Sabbatical year) you may trim trees up to New Year, v. פִּיסּוּל. Mikv. IX, 7 מְפַסְּלי אילנות trimmers of trees. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a top; a. e.Yalk. Deut. 942 מְפַסְּלוֹ במעצד he chips it (the crooked staff) with the adze; Sifré ib. 308 מפתלו (corr. acc.). Hif. הִפְסִיל to find fault, to speak contemptuously. Koh. R. to XI, 9 שהיה מַפְסִיל בנשיםוכ׳ who used to find fault with women (considering none good enough for him as wife), and was a profligate.(Part. pass. מוּפְסָל, v. next w.

פָּסַל(b. h.) 1) to cut, chip, hew, trim. Tanḥ. ʿEḳeb 9 (ref. to Koh. 3:5) עת היה לִפְסוֹל שניוכ׳ the time came to hew other two tablets (in place of the broken). Ib. מתחת כסא הכבוד פְּסָלָן he hewed them from under the throne of glory. Ab. Zar.52a (ref. to Deut. 7:25) משפְּסָלוֹ נעשה אלוה as soon as a gentile has done chiselling on it, it becomes a deity (an idol forbidden to Jews for any use); ib. פסלו לאלוה לאוכ׳ when the gentile has hewed it for a god, thou shalt not covet it; פסלו מאלוה ולקחת לך when he chips it so as to unfit it as an idol (v. infra), thou mayest take it unto thyself; a. e.Part. pass. פָּסוּל; f. פְּסוּלָה; pl. פְּסוּלִים, פְּסוּלִין; פְּסוּלוֹת a) chiselled, chipped. Lev. R. s. 22 אבנים פ׳ chipped stones (unfit for the altar); a. e.b) (cmp. פָּגַם) defective, unfit, disqualified, v. פָּסוּל. 2) (denom. of פָּסוּל) to disqualify, to be the cause of disqualification of; to declare unfit. Ḥull.III, 12 פּוֹסְלִין, v. כָּשֵׁר I. Ab. Zar. l. c. מניין לנכרי שפּוֹסֵל אלוהו how will you prove that a gentile can cancel his deity (by disfiguring it)? Kidd.70a אוי לו לפוסל את זרעו ולפוגםוכ׳ woe to him who causes his descendants to be disqualified and his family to be tarnished. Ib. כל הפוסל פסול he who tarnishes (casts suspicion on the purity of a family) is himself tarnished (of spurious descent); במומו פוסל he charges others with his own defect. Ex. R. s. 1 החזירתו … ופ׳ את כלן she (Pharaohs daughter) took him (the infant Moses) around to all Egyptian women to give him suck, but he rejected all of them (refused to take their breasts); ולמה פְסָלָן and why did he reject them? Snh.III, 1 זה פוֹסֵל דיינו של זהוכ׳ each has a right to reject the judge chosen by the other; אם היו כשרים … אינו יכול לפוֹסְלָן if they are fit (not legally disqualified) or authorized, he cannot reject them. Ib. זה פוסל עדיווכ׳ every witness in a case may help by his testimony to disqualify the opposing partys witnesses. R. Hash. I, 7 קבלו … ופָסְלוּוכ׳ they accepted as witnesses himself and his son, and rejected his slave. Mikv. II, 4 פּוֹסְלִין את המקוה are sufficient to make the pond unfit for ritual immersion. Ib. VII, 5 לא פְסָלוּהוּ they do not make the blood unfit. Zeb.I, 4 המחשבה פוֹסֶלֶת the improper intention makes the sacrifice unfit. Succ.II, 7, a. e. בית שמאי פוסלין the school of Sh. declares such a Succah to be ritually unfit; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cancel, abrogate. B. Kam.97a פְּסָלַתּוּ מלכות the government cancelled the coin; פסלתו מדינה the inhabitants of the district refused to pass it.Gen. R. s. 30, beg. כל מקום שנאמר אלה פ׳ את הראשוניםוכ׳ wherever the Biblical text has ‘these, it is meant to cancel (exclude) the preceding; wherever it has ‘and these, it is to add to the preceding; Ex. R. s. 1 אלה תולדות … פ׳וכ׳ ‘these are the origins of heaven and earth (Gen. 2:4), this excludes the time of chaos; a. fr. Nif. נִפִסַל 1) to be hewn, sculptured. Sifra Kdosh. beg. פסל על שהם נִפְסָלִין idols are named pesel, because they are sculptured; (Yalk. Lev. 604 פסולין). 2) to be disqualified, made unfit, declared unfit. Zeb.I, 4 הזבח נ׳ ארבעהוכ׳ a sacrifice may become unfit by improper actions in four stages, at the slaughtering Pes.15b; 45b הפת … ונִפְסְלָה מלאכול if bread becomes mouldy and unfit for man to eat. Toh. VIII, 6 עד שיִפָּסֵל מאוכל הכלב until it becomes unfit for a dog to eat; Y.Ḥall.IV, 60a top עד שתִּפְסוֹל. Men.100a, v. פְּסוֹל. Num. R. s. 6 end לא היו נִפְסָלִים אלא בקול they (the Levites) became unfit for service only when they lost their voice for song. B. Kam.IX, 2 נִפְסְלָה מעל גבי המזבח became unfit for the altar; a. fr.Trnsf. to be cancelled, abrogated. B. Kam. l. c. (גזל) מטבע ונ׳ if one stole a coin, and it was invalidated (before he made the restitution). Snh.104b (expl. סִלָּה, Lam. 1:15) כאדם שאומר לחברו נפסלה מטבע זו as one says to his neighbor, this coin is worthless; v. סָלָא; a. e. Pi. פִּיסֵּל to cut off dry twigs, to trim. Shebi. II, 3 מְפַסְּלִין עדוכ׳ (in the ante-Sabbatical year) you may trim trees up to New Year, v. פִּיסּוּל. Mikv. IX, 7 מְפַסְּלי אילנות trimmers of trees. Y.Sabb.VII, 10a top; a. e.Yalk. Deut. 942 מְפַסְּלוֹ במעצד he chips it (the crooked staff) with the adze; Sifré ib. 308 מפתלו (corr. acc.). Hif. הִפְסִיל to find fault, to speak contemptuously. Koh. R. to XI, 9 שהיה מַפְסִיל בנשיםוכ׳ who used to find fault with women (considering none good enough for him as wife), and was a profligate.(Part. pass. מוּפְסָל, v. next w.

שְׁמִיעָהf. (שָׁמַע) hearing, listening. R. Hash. 25b לא תהא ש׳ גדולה מראייה hearing (the statement of witnesses) ought not to be of greater legal value than seeing (if the judges themselves have seen the new phase of the moon). Y.Sabb.VI, 8c bot. הולכין אחר שְׁמִיעַת בת קול you may be guided by what you hear, considering it as a divine voice (it is not a divination practice to be forbidden). Ib. נלך בתר שמיעת בת קול let us be guided by what we shall hear. Cant. R. to II, 3 ישראל … הקדימו אמנה לש׳ the Israelites in Egypt advanced belief to hearing (Ex. 4:31); בסיני … עשייה לש׳ at Sinai they advanced doing to hearing (ib. 24:7; Sabb.88a, Gitt.7a נעשה לנשמע). Nidd.31a שמיעת האוזן the faculty of hearing; a. fr.