completion

dē-curro, cŭcurri or curri (cf.:

decucurrit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21; Tac. A. 2, 7; Suet. Ner. 11:

decucurrerunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 7; Petr. 64, 3:

decucurrerat,

Liv. 1, 12:

decucurrisse,

id. 25, 17; also,

decurrerunt,

id. 26, 51; 38, 8:

decurrēre,

Verg. A. 4, 153; 11, 189:

decurrisset,

Liv. 33, 26), cursum, 3, v. n. and (with homogeneous objects, viam, spatium, trop. aetatem, etc.) a., to run down from a higher point; to flow, move, sail, swim down; to run over, run through, traverse (class. and very freq.). —

Lit.

In gen.

Neutr.:

de tribunali decurrit,

Liv. 4, 50: Laocoon ardens [p. 524] summa decurrit ab arcs, Verg. A. 2, 41; cf.:

ab agro Lanuvino,

Hor. Od. 3, 27, 3; for which merely with the abl.:

altā decurrens arce,

Verg. A. 11, 490; cf.:

jugis,

id. ib. 4, 153:

Caesar ad cohortandos milites decucurrit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21; Suet. Ner. 11:

ad naves decurrunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28, 3; cf.:

ad mare,

Liv. 41, 2:

ego puto te bellissime cum quaestore Mescinio decursurum (viz., on board ship),

Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 3; cf.:

tuto mari,

to sail, Ov. M. 9, 591:

celeri cymbā,

id. F. 6, 77:

pedibus siccis super summa aequora,

id. M. 14, 50:

piscis ad hamum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 74:

monte decurrens velut amnis,

id. Od. 4, 2, 5; Liv. 38, 13; Ov. M. 3, 569:

uti naves decurrerent,

should sail, Tac. A. 15, 43:

in insulam quamdam decurrentes,

sailing to, Vulg. Act. 27, 16:

amnis Iomanes in Gangen per Palibothros decurrit,

Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 69:

in mare,

Liv. 21, 26.— Pass. impers.:

nunc video calcem, ad quam cum sit decursum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15:

quo decursum prope jam siet,

Lucr. 2, 962.—

Act.:

septingenta milia passuum vis esse decursa biduo?

run through, Cic. Quint. 21, 81:

decurso spatio ad carceres,

id. Sen. 23, 83; cf.

, with the accessory idea of completion: nec vero velim quasi decurso spatio ad carceres a calce revocari,

id. de Sen. 23, 83; and:

decursa novissima meta,

Ov. M. 10, 597: vada salsa puppi, Catull. 64, 6.—

Transf., of the stars ( poet.), to accomplish their course: stellaeque per vacuum solitae noctis decurrere tempus, Lucan. 1, 531; cf.

lampas,

id. 10, 501. —

Esp., milit. t. t., to go through military exercises or manœuvres, to advance rapidly, to charge, skirmish, etc.:

pedites decurrendo signa sequi et servare ordines docuit,

while performing evolutions, Liv. 24, 48; cf. id. 23, 35; 26, 51; 40, 6 al.:

ex montibus in vallem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 2, 4; cf.:

ex omnibus partibus,

id. ib. 3, 4:

ex superiore loco,

Liv. 6, 33:

ex Capitolio in hostem,

id. 9, 4:

ab arce,

id. 1, 12:

inde (sc. a Janiculo),

id. 2, 10 et saep.:

incredibili celeritate ad flumen,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 7.— Pass. impers.:

quinto (die) iterum in armis de cursum est,

Liv. 26, 51.—

Transf., to walk or run in armor, in celebrating some festival (usually in funeral games):

(in funere Gracchi tradunt) armatum exercitum decucurrisse cum tripudiis Hispanorum,

Liv. 25, 17:

ter circum rogos, cincti fulgentibus armis, decurrēre,

Verg. A. 11, 189; Tac. A. 2, 7; Suet. Claud. 1 (v. decursio). —

Trop.

In gen.

Neutr.:

quin proclivius hic iras decurrat ad acreis,

Lucr. 3, 312; 4, 706; 5, 1262: quibus generibus per totas quaestiones decurrimus, go over or through, Quint. 9, 2, 48; cf. id. 10, 3, 17; Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 72:

omnium eo sententiae decurrerunt, ut, pax, etc.,

come to, Liv. 38, 8:

ides se non illuc decurrere, quod,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

ad Philotam,

Curt. 7, 1, 28:

ad consulendum te,

Plin. Ep. 10, 96.— Pass. impers.:

decurritur ad leniorem sententiam,

they come to, Liv. 6, 19; Quint. 6, 1, 2:

sermo extra calcem decurrens,

Amm. 21, 1, 14:

postremo eo decursum est, ut, etc.,

Liv. 26, 18; so id. 22, 31; 31, 20; Tac. A. 3, 59.—

Act., to run or pass through:

decurso aetatis spatio,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14;

and so of one's course of life,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 4; Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 6; Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 33; cf.:

lumen vitae,

Lucr. 3, 1042: noctis iter, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, p. 6 Müll. (v. 347 Ribb.):

vitam,

Prop. 2, 15, 41; Phaedr. 4, 1, 2;

aetatem (with agere),

Cic. Quint. 31 fin.: tuque ades inceptumque unā decurre laborem (the fig. is that of sailing in a vessel; cf.

soon after: pelagoque volans da vela patenti),

Verg. G. 2, 39 Heyne:

ista, quae abs te breviter de arte decursa sunt,

treated, discussed, Cic. de Or. 1, 32, 148; cf.:

equos pugnasque virum decurrere versu,

to sing, Stat. Silv. 5, 3, 149: prius... quam mea tot laudes decurrere carmina possint, Auct. Paneg. in Pis. 198.—

In partic.

Pregn.: ad aliquid, to betake one's self to, have recourse to:

ad haec extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas, ut, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 15; so,

ad istam hortationem,

id. Caecin. 33, 65:

ad medicamenta,

Cels. 6, 18, 3:

ad oraculum,

Just. 16, 3:

ad miseras preces,

Hor. Od. 3, 29, 59:

Haemonias ad artes,

Ov. A. A. 2, 99; cf.:

assuetas ad artes (Circe),

id. Rem. Am. 287. Rarely to persons:

ad Alexandri exercitum,

Just. 14, 2.— Pass. impers.:

decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C.... DENT OPERAM CONSVLES, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3.—

Of the heavenly bodies, to set, move downwards:

qua sol decurrit meridies nuncupatur,

Mel. 1, 1, 1; Manil. 1, 505.—With acc., to traverse, Tibull. 4, 1, 160.—

In the rhetor. lang. of Quint., said of speech, to run on, Quint. 9, 4, 55 sq.; 11, 1, 6; 12, 9, 2 al.—

Proverb., to run through, i. e. to leave off:

quadrigae meae decucurrerunt (sc. ex quo podagricus factus sum),

i. e. my former cheerfulness is at an end, is gone, Petr. 64, 3.—So, haec (vitia) aetate sunt decursa, laid aside, Coel. in Cic. Fam. 8, 13.

dēcursus, a, um, Part., from decurro.

dēcursus, ūs, m. [decurro], a running down, downward course, descent; declivity (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

montibus ex altis magnus decursus aquaï,

Lucr. 1, 284; 5, 264; 944; Ov. M. 15, 266:

rapidus (amnium),

Verg. A. 12, 523: navium, Frontin. Strat. 1, 5, 6: planitiei, descent, inclination, Auct. B. Hisp. 29;

hence concr.,

a descending aqueduct, Vitr. 8, 7:

secus decursus aquarum,

Vulg. Psa. 1, 3. —

In partic.

Milit. t. t., a manœuvring, evolution, hostile attack, Liv. 1, 27; 42, 52; Tac. A. 2, 55; 12, 55; Frontin. Strat. 2, 2, 2 al.—

Transf., a running in armor, peridromê, on the occasion of a festival, Liv. 40, 9; Pers. 6, 61; Gell. 7, 3, 52; cf. decurro and decursio.—

The completion, end of a course:

destitit ante decursum, neque eo secius coronatus est,

Suet. Ner. 24.—

Trop.

In gen., a course:

facilior erit mihi quasi decursus mei temporis,

a course, career, Cic. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

si forensium rerum labor decursu honorum et jam aetatis flexu constitisset,

i. e. after administering every grade of office, id. de Or. 1, 1, 1.—

Rhetor. t. t., the rhythmical movement of a verse, Quint. 9, 4, 115; 11, 2, 25.

effectus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from efficio.

effectus, ūs, m. [efficio], a doing, effecting.

In gen., execution, accomplishment, performance: ad effectum consiliorum pervenire, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 4:

operis,

Liv. 21, 7:

ad effectum aliquid adducere,

id. 33, 33, 8; cf.

spei,

id. 21, 57; Prop. 3, 9, 27 (4, 8, 27 M.):

ut peccatum est, patriam prodere, etc., quae sunt in effectu: sic timere, etc., peccatum est, etiam sine effectu,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 32:

effectum consilii morata tempestas est,

Curt. 8, 13, 22; cf.:

cum opera (sc. oppugnationis) in effectu erant, i. e. near completion,

Liv. 31, 46, 14:

haec verba, QVOD STATVERIT, cum effectu accipimus, non verbotenus,

in effect, in fact, Dig. 2, 2, 1:

cum effectu,

Paul. ib. 40, 7, 1.—

In partic., with reference to the result of an action, an operation, effect, tendency, purpose:

quarum (herbarum) vim et effectum videres,

Cic. Div. 2, 20, 47:

Q, cujus similis effectu specieque Koppa,

Quint. 1, 4, 9; cf. Plin. 27, 13, 119, § 144: effectus eloquentiae est audientium approbatio, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 3; cf. Quint. 2, 17, 25; 2, 18, 2:

ne sine ullo effectu aestas extraheretur,

Liv. 32, 9 fin.; cf. id. 34, 26; 40, 22 fin.:

cum plura argumenta ad unum effectum deducuntur,

Quint. 9, 2, 103; 1, 4, 9:

ut res haberet effectum,

Vulg. Judic. 18, 5.—In the plur., Quint. 1, 10, 6.

exactĭo, ōnis, f. [exigo].

A driving out, expelling:

(regum),

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 37 (perh. only on account of the preceding exactis regibus).—

A demanding, exacting, requisition.

In gen.:

in exhibendis operariis,

Lact. Mort. Pers. 7, 8:

quotidiana, operis,

Col. 11, 1, 26.—Hence, the supervision, conduct of a public work; cf.

exactor, II. A.: operum publicorum,

Cic. Dom. 20, 51.—Far more freq.,

In partic., a calling in, collecting of debts, Cic. Att. 5, 1; id. Leg. 2, 20, 51; Liv. 38, 38; Dig. 42, 8, 24:

vectigalium,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 4, 28 et saep.—

Transf., a tax, tribute, impost:

acerbissima capitum atque ostiorum,

poll and hearth tax, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5: publicae, Asin. Pol. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32; cf.

illicitae,

Tac. A. 13, 51; and: exactionum coactor (pater Horatii), Suet. Vita Hor.—

A finishing, completion, Vitr. 3, 1; 6, 11; Aus. Idyll. 11, 5.

ōvum, i, n. [ôon, i. e. ÔWON].

Lit., an egg:

ovum parere,

to lay, Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 57; Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 8:

edere,

Col. 8, 3, 4:

ponere,

Ov. M. 8, 258:

efferre,

Verg. G. 1, 379:

eniti,

Col. 8, 11, 8 sq.:

facere,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 17:

pullos ex ovis excuderunt,

to hatch, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130 B. and K. (al. excluserunt):

incubare ova,

to sit on, brood on, hatch, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 8; 12;

for which: incubare ovis,

Col. 8, 11, 14:

suppovere ova,

id. 8, 6, 1:

an pulli rostellis ova percuderint... nam saepe propter crassitudinem putaminum erumpere non queunt,

Col. 8, 5, 14:

quatenus in pullos animalis vertier ova cernimus alituum,

Lucr. 2, 927.—Also of the spawn of fish, etc.:

etsi pisces, ova cum genuerunt relinquunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

testudines autem et crocodilos dicunt... obruere ova,

id. ib. 2, 52, 129:

saepius et tectis penetralibus extulit ova... formica,

Verg. G. 1, 380; Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 145:

ovi putamen,

an eggshell, Col. 8, 5, 14:

cortex ovi,

Ser. Samm. 28, 531.—The Romans usually began their meals with eggs and ended them with fruit; hence, integram famem ad ovum affero, until the egg, i. e. the beginning of the meal, Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1; and:

ab ovo Usque ad mala citaret, Io Bacche!

i. e. from the beginning to the end, Hor. S. 1, 3, 6.—Acc. to the myth, Leda became pregnant by Jupiter, who visited her in the shape of a swan; she laid two eggs, one by Jupiter, and the other by Tyndarus; from the former of which were born Pollux and Helen, and from the latter Castor and Clytaemnestra;

hence, nec gemino bellum Trojanum orditur ab ovo,

Hor. A. P. 147: Castor gaudet equis, ovo prognatus eodem Pugnis, from the same egg, i. e. of the same parentage, id. S. 2, 1, 26.—In the circus seven wooden eggs were set up, one of which was removed at the completion of each circuit;

hence, non modo ovum illud sublatum est, quod, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2:

ova ad notas curriculis numerandis,

Liv. 41, 27, 6.—

Transf.

An egg-shell (as a measure), an egg-shellful, Plin. 22, 25, 67, § 137.—

An egg-shape, oval shape, oval, Calp. Ecl. 7, 34.

per, prep. with acc. (by solecism with abl. PER QVO, = whereby, Inscr. Miseni Repert. ex a. p. Chr. n. 159; Inscr. Orell. 3300) [kindr. with Gr. para; Sanscr. pāra, ulterior; Lith. pèr; cf.: parumper, paulisper; v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 269], denotes, like the Gr. dia, motion through a space, or extension over it.

Lit., of space, through, through the midst of, throughout, all over, all along: per amoena salicta raptare aliquem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 40 Vahl.): inde Fert sese (equus) campi per caerula laetaque prata, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (id. v. 505 ib.): per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen, id. ap. id. ib. 6, 4 (id. v. 177 ib.):

per membranas oculorum cernere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

coronam auream per forum ferre,

id. Att. 14, 16, 2:

iit hasta per tempus utrumque,

Verg. A. 9, 418:

se per munitiones deicere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26:

per mare pauperiem fugiens, per saxa, per ignes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 46:

per ignes,

Ov. M. 8, 76:

per Averna,

id. ib. 14, 105:

per caelum,

Verg. A. 4, 700:

per vias fabulari,

in all the streets, Plaut. Cist. 5, 1:

per totam urbem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 11:

qui per provincias atque imperium tuum pecunias ei credidissent,

in the provinces, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

invitati hospitaliter per domos,

Liv. 1, 9:

via secta per ambas (zonas),

Verg. G. 1, 238; 245:

nascuntur copiosissime in Balearibus ac per Hispanias,

in, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

per illas gentes celebratur,

throughout, Tac. A. 12, 12:

gustūs elementa per omnia quaerunt,

Juv. 11, 14.—

Placed after the noun: viam per,

Lucr. 6, 1264:

transtra per et remos et pictas abiete puppes,

Verg. A. 5, 663; 6, 692.

Transf.

Of time, through, throughout, during, for:

quod des bubus per hiemem,

the winter through, during the winter, Cato, R. R. 25:

nulla res per triennium, nisi ad nutum istius, judicata est,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13:

nulla abs te per hos dies epistula... venerat,

during these days, id. Att. 2, 8, 1:

per decem dies ludi facti sunt,

id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

per idem tempus,

during, at, in the course of, id. Brut. 83, 286; Suet. Galb. 10:

per noctem cernuntur sidera,

during the night, in the night-time, Plin. 2, 10, 7, § 48:

per inducias,

during, Liv. 38, 2: per multa bella, id. 8, 13:

per ludos,

id. 2, 18:

per comitia,

Suet. Caes. 80:

per somnum,

id. ib. 45: per tempus, during, i. e. at the right time, = in tempore, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 6; Ter. And. 4, 4, 44; id. Hec. 4, 3, 16.—So distr.:

per singulas noctes,

Suet. Caes. 1; id. Calig. 22; cf.:

per haec,

meanwhile, id. Claud. 27:

per quae,

id. Tib. 52.—

To indicate the agent, instrument, or means, through, by, by means of:

statuerunt injurias per vos ulcisci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:

detrimenta publicis rebus per homines eloquentissimos importata,

id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

quid ais? vulgo occidebantur? Per quos? et a quibus?

by whom? and by whose command? id. Rosc. Am. 29, 80:

quae domi gerenda sunt, ea per Caeciliam transiguntur,

id. ib. 51, 149:

quod nefarium stuprum non per illum factum est,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 7.—Placed after its case:

Exerce vocem, quam per vivis et colis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—Esp.: per fidem decipere, fallere, etc. (= datā fide): per fidem deceptus sum, through confidence, i. e. in my host who betrayed me, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 69; Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 3.—So, per se, per te, through himself, by himself, of himself, etc.:

homo per se cognitus, sine ullā commendatione majorum,

Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

per me tibi obstiti, = solus,

by myself, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

satis per te tibi consulis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 1:

per se solus,

Liv. 1, 49.—With ipse:

nihil ipsos per se sine P. Sullā facere potuisse,

Cic. Sull. 24, 67:

ipsum per se, suā vi, sua naturā, sua sponte laudabile,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 50.—To form an adverb. expression, in, by, through, etc.:

non dubitavi id a te per litteras petere,

by letter, Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

per summum dedecus vitam amittere,

in the most infamous manner, most infamously, id. Rosc. Am. 11, 30:

per iram facere aliquid,

in anger, id. Tusc. 4, 37, 79:

per commodum,

Liv. 30, 29, 3 (cf. II. A. supra):

per commodum rei publicae,

id. 10, 25, 17; 22, 57, 1; 31, 11, 2:

per ludum et jocum,

sporting and jesting, in sport and jest, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 70, §

181: per vim,

forcibly, Sall. J. 23, 1:

per dolum,

id. ib. 11, 8:

per otium,

at leisure, Liv. 4, 58, 12:

ceteris copiis per otium trajectis,

id. 21, 28, 4:

cibo per otium capto,

id. 21, 55, 1:

per tumultum = tumultuose,

id. 44, 45, 14. —

To designate the reason, cause, inducement, etc., through, for, by, on account of, for the sake of:

per metum mussari,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 12:

qui per virtutem perit, at non interit,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 32:

cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

per aetatem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 16 fin.:

Druso propinquanti quasi per officium obviae fuere legiones,

Tac. A. 1, 24:

ut nihil eum delectaret, quod aut per naturam fas esset aut per leges liceret,

Cic. Mil. 16, 43:

cum per valetudinem posses, venire tamen noluisti,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 1: per me, per te, etc., as far as concerns me, you, etc.:

si per vos licet,

Plaut. As. prol. 12:

per me vel stertas licet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93; cf.:

sin hoc non licet per Cratippum,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33:

fides publica per sese inviolata,

Sall. J. 33, 3:

per me ista pedibus trahantur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10:

per me stetisse, quo minus hae fierent nuptiae,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 16:

si per suos esset licitum,

Nep. Eum. 10, 3:

inspicere vitia nec per magistros nec per aetatem licebat,

Macr. S. 1, 24. —Hence, in oaths, entreaties, asseverations, etc., by a god, by men, or by inanimate or abstract things, by:

IOVRANTO PER IOVEM, etc., Tab. Bant. lin. 15: per pol saepe peccas,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 18; cf.:

si per plures deos juret,

Cic. Rab. Post. 13, 36:

quid est enim, per deos, optabilius sapientiā?

id. Off. 2, 2, 5:

per deos atque homines,

id. Div. 2, 55, 116:

per dexteram te istam oro,

id. Deiot. 3, 8; cf.:

per tuam fidem Te obtestor,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55:

nunc te per amicitiam et per amorem obsecro,

id. ib. 2, 1, 26:

per pietatem!

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 4:

per comitatem edepol, pater, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 2, 52.—In this signif. often separated from its object:

per ego vobis deos atque homines dies, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 1:

per ego te deos oro,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 6; 5, 1, 15:

per ego te, fili... precor quaesoque, etc.,

Liv. 23, 9, 2:

per ego has lacrimas... te Oro,

Verg. A. 4, 314; 12, 56; Tib. 4, 5, 7; Ov. F. 2, 841:

per vos Tyrrhena faventum Stagna deum, per ego et Trebiam cineresque Sagunti Obtestor,

Sil. 12, 79 sq.; 1, 658; Stat. Th. 11, 367.—With ellips. of object:

per, si qua est... Intemerata fides, oro, i. e. per eam,

Verg. A. 2, 142; 10, 903:

per, si quid merui de te bene, perque manentem amorem, Ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 854.—Sometimes to indicate an apparent or pretended cause or inducement, under the show or pretext of, under color of:

qui per tutelam aut societatem aut rem mandatam aut fiduciae rationem fraudavit quempiam,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 7:

naves triremes per causam exercendorum remigum ad fauces portus prodire jussit,

under pretext of, Caes. B. C. 3, 24;

v. causa: per speciem alienae fungendae vicis suas opes firmavit,

Liv. 1, 41 fin.:

per simulationem officii,

Tac. H. 1, 74.—

In composition, it usually adds intensity to the signif., thoroughly, perfectly, completely, exceedingly, very much, very (very often in Cicero's epistolary style, and in new-formed words, as perbenevolus, percautus, percupidus, perbelle, perofficiose, pergaudeo; see these articles): pervelle, perfacilis, peramanter; sometimes it denotes the completion of an action, e. g. perorare, peragere;

sometimes it is repeated: perdifficilis et perobscura quaestio,

Cic. N. D. 1, 1, 1; so id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Brut. 43, 158; id. Cael. 20 fin.; id. Fam. 9, 20, 3 al.;

but also: perexiguā et minuta,

id. Tusc. 2, 13, 30:

percautus et diligens,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 18 al.; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. p. 410.—It frequently occurs in tmesi:

nobis ista sunt pergrata perque jucunda,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205:

per mihi mirum visum est,

id. ib. 49, 214:

per enim magni aestimo,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

ibi te quam primum per videre velim, = videre pervelim,

id. ib. 15, 4, 2:

Platoni per fuit familiaris,

Gell. 2, 18, 1:

per, inquit, magister optime, exoptatus mihi nunc venis,

id. 18, 4, 2.—Per quam (also perquam), very, exceedingly, extremely:

per quam breviter perstrinxi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 201:

per quam modica civium merita,

Plin. Pan. 60:

per quam velim scire,

very much indeed, id. Ep. 7, 27, 1:

PARENTES PER QVAM INFELICISSIMI,

Inscr. Murat. 953, 2.—As one word:

illorum mores perquam meditate tenes,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 16:

propulit perquam indignis modis,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 9:

erat perquam onerosum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 13:

perquam honorificum,

id. ib. 3, 4, 3.—Separated by an intervening word:

per pol quam paucos reperias,

Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 1.—Placed after the word it governs; v. supra, I. fin. and II. B.

pĕractĭo, ōnis, f. [perago], a finishing, completion.

Lit.: peccati, Hilar. in Psa. 118, 4, 8.—

Aetatis, transf. from the stage, qs. the last act of the drama, Cic. Sen. 23, 85 (cf. id. ib. 18, 64: fabulam aetatis peregisse, and 19, 70: peragenda fabula est).

per-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to achieve, execute, carry out, accomplish, perform, despatch, bring to an end or conclusion, finish, complete (class.; syn.: absolvo, conficio, exsequor).

Lit.:

comitiis perficiendis undecim dies tribuit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 2:

iis comitiis perfectis,

Liv. 24, 43, 9:

bellum,

id. 22, 38, 7:

aliquid absolvi et perfici,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35:

multa,

id. Or. 30, 105:

scelus,

to perpetrate, id. Clu. 68, 194:

cogitata,

id. Deiot. 7, 21:

instituta,

id. Div. 2, 5:

poëma,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 8:

conata,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

nihil est simul et inventum et perfectum,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

centum annos,

to complete, live, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 39.—So of commissions, orders, to execute:

munus,

Verg. A. 6, 629; 6, 637; Cic. Fam. 6, 7:

jussa,

Val. Fl. 7, 61:

mandata,

Sil. 13, 343.—

Transf.

To bring to completion, finish, perfect (opp. inchoare):

candelabrum perfectum e gemmis clarissimis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:

murum,

Liv. 25, 11:

loricam,

Sil. 2, 403:

aedem,

Suet. Aug. 60:

cibos ambulatione,

to digest, Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283:

cucumeres,

id. 19, 5, 23, § 65: coria, to dress or curry, id. 23, 1, 16, § 22:

lanas,

id. 35, 15, 52, § 190:

minium,

id. 33, 7, 40, § 118.—

To make perfect, to perfect:

aliquem citharā,

Ov. A. A. 1, 11: expleta et perfecta forma honestatis, Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 48:

artem,

Suet. Ner. 41.—

To bring about, to cause, effect; with ut, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 24; Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 127:

perfice ut putem,

convince me, id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; id. Fam. 11, 27, 2:

eloquentia perfecit, ut, etc.,

Nep. Ep. 6, 4.—With ne and subj.:

omnia perfecit, quae senatus salvā re publicā ne fieri possent perfecerat,

Cic. Phil. 2, 22, 55. —

In mal. part., = energein, Mart. 3, 79, 2; cf. Ov. A. A. 1, 389; Capitol. Max. 4, 7.— perfectus, a, um, P. a., finished, complete, perfect, excellent, exquisite (class.).

Of persons:

oratorem plenum atque perfectum esse, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59:

homines in dicendo,

id. ib. 1, 13, 58:

perfectis et absoluti philosophi,

id. Div. 2, 72, 150:

homines,

id. Off. 1, 15, 46; id. Brut. 30, 114:

in geometriā,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 20:

in arte,

Ov. A. A. 2, 547.—In a religious sense, righteous (eccl. Lat.):

cor perfectum,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 11, 4; id. Matt. 5, 48.—Perfectissimus, a title of honor under the later emperors, Cod. Const. 12, tit. 33; Am. 21, 16 init.; Lact. 5, 14, 18.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

naturae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 33:

ratio,

id. ib. 13, 34:

pulchriora etiam Polycliti et iam plane perfecta (signa),

id. Brut. 18, 70:

perfectum atque absolutum officium,

id. Off. 3, 3, 14:

perfecta cumulataque virtus,

id. Sest. 40, 86: aetas, full or ripe age, the age of fiveand-twenty, Dig. 4, 4, 32 init.—Comp.:

valvae perfectiores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 56:

aliquid perfectius,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 18, 69; Hor. Epod. 5, 59; Quint. 12, 1, 21:

ad perfectiora,

Vulg. Heb. 6, 1.— Sup.:

quod ego summum et perfectissimum judicem,

Cic. Or. 1, 3; 15, 47; id. Brut. 31, 118; Juv. 2, 5.— Adv.: perfectē, fully, completely, perfectly (class.):

eruditus,

Cic. Brut. 81, 282; id. de Or. 1, 28, 130:

veritatem imitari,

id. Div. 1, 13, 23.— Comp., App. Flor. p. 357, 1; Tert. Apol. 45.— Sup., Gell. 11, 16 fin.

summa, ae, f. (sc. res; old gen. summai, Lucr. 1, 984; 6, 679) [summus, v. superus].

Lit., that which is highest in any thing, the top, summit, surface (postAug. and very rare):

testudines evectae in summā pelagi,

Plin. 9, 10, 12, § 35 (cf. summus, I. s. v. superus).—

Transf., that which is most important or prominent in any thing, the main thing, chief point, principal matter; the sum, height, substance, summit, completion, perfection

In gen.:

leges a me edentur non perfectae... sed ipsae summae rerum atque sententiae,

the main points, chief particulars, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:

cujus rei satis erit summam dixisse,

id. Inv. 1, 20, 28:

ex hac infinitā licentiā haec summa cogitur, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

lectis rerum summis,

Liv. 40, 29, 11:

haec summa est, hic nostri nuntius esto,

Verg. A. 4, 237:

summa est, si curaveris, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 75, 2:

in hoc summa judicii causaque tota consistit,

id. Quint. 9, 32:

eam ignominiam ad summam universi belli pertinere ratus,

to the issue of the whole war, Liv. 32, 17, 3; cf.:

haec belli summa nefandi,

Verg. A. 12, 572:

solus summam habet hic apud nos,

the first place, pre-eminence, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 15:

qui vobis summam ordinis consiliique concedunt,

Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15:

summam alicui rei dare,

perfection, culmination, Quint. 3, 2, 1: 5, 10, 72; 11, 2, 41; 12, 1, 20: remittendo de summā quisque juris. strict or extreme right, Liv. 4, 43, 11.—

In partic.

Of a reckoning of numbers, the amount, the sum, sum total, including each of the single items, as if counted: quid, tu, inquam, soles, cum rationem a dispensatore accipis, si aera singula probasti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 193, 11:

addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem milia, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 46:

equitum magno numero ex omni populi summa separato,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

subducamus summam,

id. Att. 5, 21, 11:

summam facere,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131.—

Of money, a sum, amount.

With pecuniae:

pecuniae summam quantam imperaverit, parum convenit,

Liv. 30, 16, 12:

pecuniae etiam par prope summa fuit,

id. 33, 23, 9:

summa pecuniae signatae fuit talentūm duo milia et sexcenta,

Curt. 3, 13, 16:

accessit ad hanc pecuniae summam sex milia talantum,

id. 5, 6, 10:

pecuniae summa homines movit,

Liv. 22, 61, 1; 38, 11, 8; 40, 46, 16; 42, 62, 14; cf.:

census equestrem Summam nummorum,

Hor. A. P. 384:

ob parvam pecuniae summam erogatam,

Val. Max. 4, 8, 1.—

Without pecuniae:

de summā nihil decedet,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 30:

hac summā redempti,

Liv. 32, 17, 2; 22, 61, 2:

Marcellus decem pondo auri et argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit,

id. 45, 4, 1:

quācumque summā tradet luxuriae domum,

Phaedr. 4, 4, 44;

creditor totius summae,

Quint. 5, 10, 117:

actor summarum,

Suet. Dom. 11.—

Without reference to a count, the sum, the whole:

de summā mali detrahere,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 55:

summa cogitationum mearum omnium,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

meorum maerorum atque amorum summam edictavi tibi,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 2:

ergo ex hac infinita licentiā haec summa cogitur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

proposita vitae ejus velut summa,

Suet. Aug. 9:

vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 15: summarum summa est aeterna, the sum of all sums, the sum of all things, i. e. the universe, Lucr. 5, 361; so,

summa summarum,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 4; Sen. Ep. 40, 13; and: summa summaï, Lucr 6, 679. —

Adverb.

Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in short, in a word:

ille affirmabat... ad summam: non posse istaec sic abire,

Cic. Att. 14, 1, 1; so,

ad summam,

id. ib. 7, 7, 7; id. Off. 1, 42, 149; id. Fam. 14, 14, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106, Juv. 3, 79.—

In summā, in all:

Drusus erat de praevaricatione a tribunis aerariis absolutus, in summā quattuor sententiis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; 2, 11, 25:

in omni summā,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 5 —

In summā, at last, finally (post-Aug.):

diu colluctatus est: in summā victus occumbit,

Just. 13, 8, 8; 22, 1, 8; 37, 1, 8.—

Transf., the whole (opp. a part):

magnam res diligentiam requirebat, non in summā exercitus tuenda, sed in singulis militibus conservandis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34; cf.:

summa exercitus salva,

the main body of the army, id. B. C. 1, 67:

solet quaedam esse partium brevitas, quae longam tamen efficit summam,

Quint. 4, 2, 41:

quaedam partibus blandiuntur, sed in summam non consentiunt,

id. 4, 2, 90.—

That which relates to the whole, as opp. to a part; with gen., the general, supreme:

(Remi dicebant) ad hunc (regem) totius belli summam omnium voluntate deferri,

the command in chief, Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

neque de summā belli suum judicium sed imperatoris esse,

id. ib. 1, 41:

cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus,

authority over all affairs, the supreme power, Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 42:

is, qui summam rerum administrabat,

id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

ad te summa solum, Phormio, rerum redit,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 3:

ad summam rerum consulere,

for the general interest, Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

ad discrimen summa rerum adducta,

to a general engagement, Liv. 10, 27:

discrimen summae rerum,

id. 10, 14:

quos penes summam consilii voluit esse, cum imperii summam rex teneret,

the sole command, Cic. Rep. 2, 28, 51; cf.:

qui vobis summam ordinis consiliique concedunt,

id. Cat. 4, 7, 15:

imperii,

Caes. B. G. 2, 23; id. B. C. 3, 5:

quod penes eos (Bituriges), si id oppidum retinuissent, summam victoriae constare intellegebant,

the whole credit of the victory, id. B. G. 7, 21; so, victoriae, id. B. C. 1, 82.— Poet.:

summa ducum, Atri des,

Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37.

transactĭo, ōnis, f. [transigo] (postclass.).

A completing, completion:

mundi,

Tert. Anim. 55 med.:

vitae,

Ennod. Ep. 1, 6.—

In jurid. Lat., an agreement, transaction:

de transactionibus,

Dig. 2, tit. 15; 50, 16, 230.