-
61 mac
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Mammalian Artificial Chromosome, hum. сокр. Marker And Cell, (Media Access Control) управление доступом к среде (1. Подуровень канального уровня ( семиуровневой модели OSI). Определяет методы доступа к среде передачи данных, формат кадров и адресацию. 2. Часть протокола канального ур), move, add and change, moves, adds and changes, Midlands Arts Centre2) Компьютерная техника: Motorola Advanced Computer, Multiple Architecture Computer3) Авиация: САХ (Средняя Аэродинамическая Хорда)4) Медицина: синдром Морганьи-Адамса-Стокса5) Американизм: Market Access and Compliance, Men Against Communism, Multi Agency Complex6) Спорт: Mid America Conference7) Военный термин: Maintenance Advisory Committee, Make A Change, Marine amphibious corps, Maritime Air Command, Medical Administration Corps, Military Affairs Committee, Military Areas of Coordination, Military Armistice Commission, Military Assistance Command, Military Aviation College, Missile Advisory Committee, Missile Analysis Center, Mission Assurance Category, Mixed Armistice Commission, Mobile Inshore Undersea Warfare Attack Craft, Multi-Array Correlator, main allocation chart, maintenance allocation chart, major air command, maneuver area command, manpower authorization change, maximum admissible concentration, maximum air concentration, medium armoured car, military aid to the community, missile activation circuit, mission assignment code, mobilization availability category, mock air combat, motor ambulance convoy, смешанная комиссия по перемирию, Military Airlift Command (Now Air Mobility Command), Military Airlift Command (сейчас AMC)8) Техника: Macintosh computer, maintenance action card, maintenance analysis center, management advisory committee, material accounting, memory access controller, minimal alveolar concentration, multiple-access computer9) Шутливое выражение: Machine Always Crashes10) Юридический термин: Middle Aged Cops, (Material Adverse Change) существенное неблагоприятное изменение обстоятельств11) Страхование: Maritime Arbitration Commission12) Грубое выражение: Must Act Crappy13) Горное дело: предельно допустимая концентрация14) Металлургия: metal-arc cutting15) Телекоммуникации: Media Access Control (IEEE 802)16) Сокращение: Macedonian, Mainland China Affairs Council (Taiwan), Mean Aerodynamic Chord, Medium Armored Car (USA), Military Airlift Command (Now defunct (USAF)), Modular Artillery Charge system (US Army), Multiply ACcumulate (computer operation), machine-aided cognition, military aircraft command, monitor and control, multi-application computer, multiple access computer, an MIT interdepartmental lab (renamed to LCS; stands for many things), Maintenance Analysis Centre, Military Air Command, Multiple Access Channel, Multiplier-Accumulator, Multiply and Accumulate17) Университет: Man And Computer, Mathematics Access Centre, Mathematics And Computation18) Физиология: Macerated, Monitored Anesthesia Care, Mycobacterium Avium Complex19) Электроника: Multiplexed Analogue Components20) Вычислительная техника: media access control, memory address controller, microprocessor-array computer, multiplexed analog component, расширение файлов растровых изображений MacPaint, Membership Advisory Committee (ICANN), Media Access Control (ISO, OSI, LAN, WLAN), Mandatory Access Control (MLS), Message Authentication Code (SSL, SRT, Verschluesselung), an MIT interdepartmental lab (stands for many things, renamed to LCS)21) Нефть: MPC, maximum acceptable concentration, maximum permissible concentration, карта распределения работ по техническому обслуживанию (maintenance allocation chart), консультативный комитет по техническому обслуживанию (maintenance advisory committee), максимальная допустимая концентрация (minimal allowable concentration), пункт анализа работ по техническому обслуживанию (maintenance analysis center), maximal allowable concentration22) Анестезиология: monitored anesthesia care (анестезиологическое сопровождение), Минимальная альвеолярная концентрация23) Иммунология: membrane attack complex24) Космонавтика: Middle Atmosphere Co-operation programme25) Транспорт: Manifest Analysis And Certification, Midair Attitude Correction, Military Airlift Command26) Воздухоплавание: Multi Access Computer28) Деловая лексика: Marketing Advertising And Communication, Middle Area Conference, Multi Actors Cooperation29) Бытовая техника: управление доступом к среде передачи30) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical acceptance certificate, (P) manual alarm call (point), генподряд по системам автоматизации, major automatization contractor главный подрядчик по автоматизации31) Образование: Minority Achievement Committee32) Сетевые технологии: Media Access Controller, mandatory access control, medium access control, message authentification code, код аутентификации сообщений, полномочное управление доступом, управление доступом к линии связи, управление доступом к среде34) Полимеры: maximum allowable concentration35) Программирование: Measured Attenuation Correction36) Автоматика: manual adaptive control37) Сахалин Р: Main Automation Contractor, Manual Alarm Call (P)38) Химическое оружие: MAC daily average39) Безопасность: message authentication check40) Криптография: (Message Authentication Code) имитозащита (по крайней мере, в частных случаях программисты имеют в виду это)41) Расширение файла: Media/Medium Access Control, Message Authentication Code, Multiple Access Computers, Macintosh (Apple Macintosh Computer), Graphic format (MAC Paint)42) Нефть и газ: Main Automations Contract, контракт на основные средства автоматизации, основной контракт по автоматике, основной контракт по автоматике трубопровода, main automation contract43) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: Кнопки аварийной пожарной сигнализации44) Майкрософт: код проверки подлинности сообщения45) Общественная организация: Missions Across Canada46) Должность: MAKEUP ART and COSMETICS, Management And Administrative Computing47) Международная торговля: Market Access & Compliance -
62 CFM
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Cross Flow Microfiltration2) Компьютерная техника: Calibration File Manager, Code Fragment Manager, Configuration File Management3) Авиация: commercial fan moteur4) Военный термин: CONUS Freight Management, Cadet Force Medal, center-fire magnum, contingency for movement, contractor-furnished material, customer-furnished material5) Техника: cathode follower mixer, compounded frequency modulation, containment failure mode, Continuous Filament Mat6) Химия: Cross Flow Microfiltered7) Религия: Call From The Mountain, Crown Financial Ministries8) Автомобильный термин: Condenser Fan Motor9) Грубое выражение: Come And Fuck Me, Come Fuck Me10) Оптика: cubic foot per minute11) Сокращение: CONUS Freight Management (USA), Captain Fleet Maintenance, Council of Foreign Ministers, Covering-Fire Mine, Crane, Field, Medium, center frequency modulation, chlorofluoromethane12) Электроника: Contamination Free Manufacturing13) Вычислительная техника: Code Fragment Manager (Macintosh), Code Fragment Manager (Apple), Clock From Master (CTM, Rambus), ConFiguration Management (FDDI, SMT)14) Нефть: кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per minute), число кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per minute), Continuous Flowmeter15) Космонавтика: кубические футы в минуту16) Фирменный знак: Canadian Furniture Manufacturing17) Энергетика: Controls Finalization Meeting18) Деловая лексика: Continental Freight Management19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: ЦПМ (central field manifold), центральный промысловый манифольд (central field manifold)20) Сетевые технологии: Content Flow Manager21) Полимеры: polychlorotrifluoroethylene22) Программирование: Code Frag Ment23) Автоматика: continuous flow manufacturing24) Сахалин Р: central field manifold25) Медицинская техника: цветовое картирование кровотока (УЗИ), цветовое доплеровское картирование26) Расширение файла: Cold Fusion Markup Template, Code Fragment Manager (Macintosh)27) Должность: Certified Floodplain Manager28) Программное обеспечение: Cold Fusion Markup29) Единицы измерений: Certified Facility Manager -
63 Cfm
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Cross Flow Microfiltration2) Компьютерная техника: Calibration File Manager, Code Fragment Manager, Configuration File Management3) Авиация: commercial fan moteur4) Военный термин: CONUS Freight Management, Cadet Force Medal, center-fire magnum, contingency for movement, contractor-furnished material, customer-furnished material5) Техника: cathode follower mixer, compounded frequency modulation, containment failure mode, Continuous Filament Mat6) Химия: Cross Flow Microfiltered7) Религия: Call From The Mountain, Crown Financial Ministries8) Автомобильный термин: Condenser Fan Motor9) Грубое выражение: Come And Fuck Me, Come Fuck Me10) Оптика: cubic foot per minute11) Сокращение: CONUS Freight Management (USA), Captain Fleet Maintenance, Council of Foreign Ministers, Covering-Fire Mine, Crane, Field, Medium, center frequency modulation, chlorofluoromethane12) Электроника: Contamination Free Manufacturing13) Вычислительная техника: Code Fragment Manager (Macintosh), Code Fragment Manager (Apple), Clock From Master (CTM, Rambus), ConFiguration Management (FDDI, SMT)14) Нефть: кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per minute), число кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per minute), Continuous Flowmeter15) Космонавтика: кубические футы в минуту16) Фирменный знак: Canadian Furniture Manufacturing17) Энергетика: Controls Finalization Meeting18) Деловая лексика: Continental Freight Management19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: ЦПМ (central field manifold), центральный промысловый манифольд (central field manifold)20) Сетевые технологии: Content Flow Manager21) Полимеры: polychlorotrifluoroethylene22) Программирование: Code Frag Ment23) Автоматика: continuous flow manufacturing24) Сахалин Р: central field manifold25) Медицинская техника: цветовое картирование кровотока (УЗИ), цветовое доплеровское картирование26) Расширение файла: Cold Fusion Markup Template, Code Fragment Manager (Macintosh)27) Должность: Certified Floodplain Manager28) Программное обеспечение: Cold Fusion Markup29) Единицы измерений: Certified Facility Manager -
64 MDC
1) Общая лексика: Management Development Committee (SEIC)2) Компьютерная техника: MDT Digitizing Card, Message Digest Code, Mobile Data Computer3) Военный термин: Mega Damage Counters, Military Destroyer Class, Missile Development Center, Mobile Data Center, machinability data center, main display console, maintenance data collection, manual direction center, master direction center, master display controller, material distribution center, message distribution center, meteorological data collection, mild detonating cord, mine destruction charge, mine distribution canister, miniature detonating cord, miss distance calculator, missile direction center, mission direction center, mission duty cycle, movement designator code, multiple drone control5) Шутливое выражение: Missouri Department Of Communism6) Химия: Methylene Dichloride7) Юридический термин: Metropolitan Detention Center, Military District Court, Most Dangerous Corner8) Бухгалтерия: Miscellaneous Debits And Credits9) Ветеринария: Milk Development Council11) Телекоммуникации: Monthly Demand Charge12) Сокращение: Maintenance Data Centre (UK Royal Air Force), Major Distribution Centre, Materiel Distribution Center (Topeka, KS), McDonnell Douglas Corp. (USA), Military Discipline Code (South Africa), Mine Data Centre, Radio set control group (Spain), miniaturized digital computer, more developed country, motor direct-connected, Metropolitan District Commission (Mass State Agency), Maintenance Data Centre, Maintenance Dependency Chart, Movement for Democratic Change13) Физиология: Major Diagnostic Category, Minimum detectable concentration14) Вычислительная техника: Meta Data Coalition, Message conversion system directory Component (MCS)15) Нефть: major dull characteristics, monel drill collars, сбор данных о техническом обслуживании (maintenance data collection), технологическая схема последовательности работ по техническому обслуживанию (maintenance dependency chart), центр сбора данных о техническом обслуживании (maintenance data center)16) Пищевая промышленность: Macrophage Derived Chemokine17) Воздухоплавание: McDonnell Douglas Corporation18) Фирменный знак: Michigan Drywall And Ceiling, Morphos Developer Connection19) Сетевые технологии: Maintenance Domain Controller, Multi-Device Controller, контроллер нескольких периферийных устройств20) Автоматика: McDonnel-Douglas Corporation21) Океанография: Mini Drift Chamber22) Химическое оружие: Material decontamination chamber23) Безопасность: Message Digest Cipher, manipulation detection code, modification detection code24) Расширение файла: Materials Distribution Center25) Маркетология: Million Dollar Club, Клуб Долларовых Миллионеров26) Фантастика Mega Damage Capacity27) Здравоохранение: Medicines Development Centre, Multidisciplinary Clinic28) Правительство: Metropolitan District Commission29) NYSE. M D C Holdings, Inc.31) Базы данных: Mapped Diagnostic Context -
65 cfm
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Cross Flow Microfiltration2) Компьютерная техника: Calibration File Manager, Code Fragment Manager, Configuration File Management3) Авиация: commercial fan moteur4) Военный термин: CONUS Freight Management, Cadet Force Medal, center-fire magnum, contingency for movement, contractor-furnished material, customer-furnished material5) Техника: cathode follower mixer, compounded frequency modulation, containment failure mode, Continuous Filament Mat6) Химия: Cross Flow Microfiltered7) Религия: Call From The Mountain, Crown Financial Ministries8) Автомобильный термин: Condenser Fan Motor9) Грубое выражение: Come And Fuck Me, Come Fuck Me10) Оптика: cubic foot per minute11) Сокращение: CONUS Freight Management (USA), Captain Fleet Maintenance, Council of Foreign Ministers, Covering-Fire Mine, Crane, Field, Medium, center frequency modulation, chlorofluoromethane12) Электроника: Contamination Free Manufacturing13) Вычислительная техника: Code Fragment Manager (Macintosh), Code Fragment Manager (Apple), Clock From Master (CTM, Rambus), ConFiguration Management (FDDI, SMT)14) Нефть: кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per minute), число кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per minute), Continuous Flowmeter15) Космонавтика: кубические футы в минуту16) Фирменный знак: Canadian Furniture Manufacturing17) Энергетика: Controls Finalization Meeting18) Деловая лексика: Continental Freight Management19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: ЦПМ (central field manifold), центральный промысловый манифольд (central field manifold)20) Сетевые технологии: Content Flow Manager21) Полимеры: polychlorotrifluoroethylene22) Программирование: Code Frag Ment23) Автоматика: continuous flow manufacturing24) Сахалин Р: central field manifold25) Медицинская техника: цветовое картирование кровотока (УЗИ), цветовое доплеровское картирование26) Расширение файла: Cold Fusion Markup Template, Code Fragment Manager (Macintosh)27) Должность: Certified Floodplain Manager28) Программное обеспечение: Cold Fusion Markup29) Единицы измерений: Certified Facility Manager -
66 mDC
1) Общая лексика: Management Development Committee (SEIC)2) Компьютерная техника: MDT Digitizing Card, Message Digest Code, Mobile Data Computer3) Военный термин: Mega Damage Counters, Military Destroyer Class, Missile Development Center, Mobile Data Center, machinability data center, main display console, maintenance data collection, manual direction center, master direction center, master display controller, material distribution center, message distribution center, meteorological data collection, mild detonating cord, mine destruction charge, mine distribution canister, miniature detonating cord, miss distance calculator, missile direction center, mission direction center, mission duty cycle, movement designator code, multiple drone control5) Шутливое выражение: Missouri Department Of Communism6) Химия: Methylene Dichloride7) Юридический термин: Metropolitan Detention Center, Military District Court, Most Dangerous Corner8) Бухгалтерия: Miscellaneous Debits And Credits9) Ветеринария: Milk Development Council11) Телекоммуникации: Monthly Demand Charge12) Сокращение: Maintenance Data Centre (UK Royal Air Force), Major Distribution Centre, Materiel Distribution Center (Topeka, KS), McDonnell Douglas Corp. (USA), Military Discipline Code (South Africa), Mine Data Centre, Radio set control group (Spain), miniaturized digital computer, more developed country, motor direct-connected, Metropolitan District Commission (Mass State Agency), Maintenance Data Centre, Maintenance Dependency Chart, Movement for Democratic Change13) Физиология: Major Diagnostic Category, Minimum detectable concentration14) Вычислительная техника: Meta Data Coalition, Message conversion system directory Component (MCS)15) Нефть: major dull characteristics, monel drill collars, сбор данных о техническом обслуживании (maintenance data collection), технологическая схема последовательности работ по техническому обслуживанию (maintenance dependency chart), центр сбора данных о техническом обслуживании (maintenance data center)16) Пищевая промышленность: Macrophage Derived Chemokine17) Воздухоплавание: McDonnell Douglas Corporation18) Фирменный знак: Michigan Drywall And Ceiling, Morphos Developer Connection19) Сетевые технологии: Maintenance Domain Controller, Multi-Device Controller, контроллер нескольких периферийных устройств20) Автоматика: McDonnel-Douglas Corporation21) Океанография: Mini Drift Chamber22) Химическое оружие: Material decontamination chamber23) Безопасность: Message Digest Cipher, manipulation detection code, modification detection code24) Расширение файла: Materials Distribution Center25) Маркетология: Million Dollar Club, Клуб Долларовых Миллионеров26) Фантастика Mega Damage Capacity27) Здравоохранение: Medicines Development Centre, Multidisciplinary Clinic28) Правительство: Metropolitan District Commission29) NYSE. M D C Holdings, Inc.31) Базы данных: Mapped Diagnostic Context -
67 in
1. prepositionin the fields — auf den Feldern
shot/wounded in the leg — ins Bein geschossen/am Bein verwundet
in brown shoes — mit braunen Schuhen
3) (with respect to)a change in attitude — eine Änderung der Einstellung; see also academic.ru/34615/herself">herself 1); itself 1)
4) (as a proportionate part of)eight dogs in ten — acht von zehn Hunden; see also gradient
be in the Scouts — bei den Pfadfindern sein
be employed in the Civil Service — als Beamter/Beamtin beschäftigt sein
there are three feet in a yard — ein Yard hat drei Fuß
what is there in this deal for me? — was springt für mich bei dem Geschäft heraus? (ugs.)
there is nothing/not much or little in it — (difference) da ist kein/kein großer Unterschied [zwischen ihnen]
there is something in what you say — an dem, was Sie sagen, ist etwas dran (ugs.)
7) (expr. identity) in (+ Dat.)have a faithful friend in somebody — an jemandem einen treuen Freund haben
8) (concerned with) in (+ Dat.)he's in politics — er ist Politiker
9)be [not] in it — (as competitor) [nicht] dabei od. im Rennen sein
in this way — auf diese Weise; so
a dress in velvet — ein Kleid aus Samt
this sofa is also available in leather/blue — dieses Sofa gibt es auch in Leder/Blau
draw in crayon/ink — etc. mit Kreide/Tinte usw. zeichnen; see also English 2. 1)
in fog/rain — etc. bei Nebel/Regen usw.
in the eighties/nineties — in den Achtzigern/Neunzigern
4 o'clock in the morning/afternoon — 4 Uhr morgens/abends
in 1990 — [im Jahre] 1990
12) (after a period of) in (+ Dat.)in three minutes/years — in drei Minuten/Jahren
13) (within the ability of)have it in one [to do something] — fähig sein [, etwas zu tun]
I didn't know you had it in you — das hätte ich dir nicht zugetraut
there is no malice in him — er hat nichts Bösartiges an sich (Dat.)
14)15)2. adverbin doing this — (by so doing) indem jemand das tut/tat; dadurch
is everyone in? — sind alle drin? (ugs.)
‘In’ — "Einfahrt"/"Eingang"
he's been in and out all day — er war den ganzen Tag über mal da und mal nicht da
3) (included) darin; drin (ugs.)cost £50 all in — 50 Pfund kosten, alles inbegriffen
4) (inward) innen5) (in fashion) in (ugs.); in Mode6) (elected)be in — [Zug, Schiff, Ware, Bewerbung:] da sein; [Ernte:] eingebracht sein
8)somebody is in for something — (about to undergo something) jemandem steht etwas bevor; (taking part in something) jemand nimmt an etwas (Dat.) teil
we're in for it now! — (coll.) jetzt blüht uns was! (ugs.)
9) (coll.): (as participant, accomplice, observer, etc.)be in on the secret/discussion — in das Geheimnis eingeweiht sein/bei der Diskussion dabei sein
3. attributive adjectivebe [well] in with somebody — mit jemandem [gut] auskommen
(fashionable) Mode-the in crowd — die Clique, die gerade in ist (ugs.)
4. nounin joke — Insiderwitz, der
* * *(in(to) usually small pieces: The broken mirror lay in bits on the floor; He loves taking his car to bits.) in Stücke* * *in[ɪn]I. PREPOSITIONthe butter is \in the fridge die Butter ist im KühlschrankI live \in New York/Germany ich lebe in New York/Deutschlandhe read it \in the paper er hat es in der Zeitung gelesensoak it \in warm water lassen Sie es in warmem Wasser einweichenI've got a pain \in my back ich habe Schmerzen im Rückenwho's the woman \in that painting? wer ist die Frau auf diesem Bild?he is deaf \in his left ear er hört auf dem linken Ohr nichtsdown below \in the valley unten im Tal\in a savings account auf einem Sparkontoto lie in bed/the sun im Bett/in der Sonne liegento ride \in a car [im] Auto fahrento be \in hospital im Krankenhaus seinto be \in prison im Gefängnis seinto be \in a prison in einem Gefängnis sein (als Besucher)\in the street auf der StraßeI just put too much milk \in my coffee ich habe zu viel Milch in meinen Kaffee getanhe went \in the rain er ging hinaus in den Regenslice the potatoes \in two schneiden Sie die Kartoffel einmal durchto get \in the car ins Auto steigento invest \in the future in die Zukunft investierento invest one's savings \in stocks seine Ersparnisse in Aktien anlegento get \in trouble Schwierigkeiten bekommen, in Schwierigkeiten geratenis Erika still \in school? ist Erika noch auf der Schule?Boris is \in college Boris ist auf dem Collegehe was a singer \in a band er war Sänger in einer Bandthere are 31 days in March der März hat 31 Tageget together \in groups of four! bildet Vierergruppen!you're with us \in our thoughts wir denken an dich, in Gedanken sind wir bei dirhe cried out \in pain er schrie vor Schmerzenhe always drinks \in excess er trinkt immer zu viel\in anger im Zorndark \in colour dunkelfarbigdifference \in quality Qualitätsunterschied mto be \in [no] doubt [nicht] zweifeln [o im Zweifel sein]\in his excitement in seiner Begeisterung\in horror voller Entsetzen\in all honesty in aller Aufrichtigkeitto be \in a hurry es eilig habento be \in love [with sb] [in jdn] verliebt seinto fall \in love [with sb] sich akk [in jdn] verliebento live \in luxury im Luxus lebento be \in in a good mood guter Laune sein\in private vertraulichto put sth \in order etw in Ordnung bringen\in a state of panic in Panik\in secret im Geheimen, heimlichto tell sb sth \in all seriousness jdm etw in vollem Ernst sagen, in + datit was covered \in dirt es war mit Schmutz überzogento pay \in cash [in] bar bezahlento pay \in dollars mit [o in] Dollar zahlento write \in ink/pencil mit Tinte/Bleistift schreibento paint \in oils in Öl malen\in writing schriftlichMozart's Piano Concerto \in E flat Mozarts Klavierkonzert in E-Moll\in English/French/German auf Englisch/Französisch/Deutschto listen to music \in stereo Musik stereo hörento speak \in a loud/small voice mit lauter/leiser Stimme sprechento talk \in a whisper sehr leise reden, mit Flüsterstimme sprechen, in + dathe's getting forgetful \in his old age er wird vergesslich auf seine alten Tageshe assisted the doctor \in the operation sie assistierte dem Arzt bei der Operation\in 1968 [im Jahre] 1968\in the end am Ende, schließlichto be with the Lord \in eternity bei Gott im Himmel seinto be \in one's forties in den Vierzigern sein\in March/May im März/Mai\in the morning/afternoon/evening morgens [o am Morgen] /nachmittags [o am Nachmittag] /abends [o am Abend]\in the late 60s in den späten Sechzigern\in spring/summer/autumn/winter im Frühling/Sommer/Herbst/Winterdinner will be ready \in ten minutes das Essen ist in zehn Minuten fertigI'll be ready \in a week's time in einer Woche werde ich fertig seinhe learnt to drive \in two weeks in [o innerhalb von] zwei Wochen konnte er Auto fahrento return \in a few minutes/hours/days in einigen Minuten/Stunden/Tagen zurückkommen\in record time in Rekordzeitshe hasn't heard from him \in six months sie hat seit sechs Monaten nichts mehr von ihm gehörtI haven't done that \in a long time ich habe das lange Zeit nicht mehr gemachtI haven't seen her \in years ich habe sie seit Jahren nicht gesehenthe house should be coming up \in about one mile das Haus müsste nach einer Meile auftauchen12. (job, profession)he's \in computers er hat mit Computern zu tunshe's \in business/politics sie ist Geschäftsfrau/Politikerinshe works \in publishing sie arbeitet bei einem Verlagto enlist \in the army sich akk als Soldat verpflichtenhe was all \in black er war ganz in Schwarzyou look nice \in green Grün steht dirthe woman \in the hat die Frau mit dem Hutthe man [dressed] \in the grey suit der Mann in dem grauen Anzugto be \in disguise verkleidet sein\in the nude nacktto sunbathe \in the nude nackt sonnenbadento be \in uniform Uniform tragen14. (result) als\in conclusion schließlich, zum Schluss\in exchange als Ersatz, dafür\in fact tatsächlich, in Wirklichkeit\in that... ( form) insofern alsI was fortunate \in that I had friends ich hatte Glück, weil ich Freunde hatte\in attempting to save the child, he nearly lost his own life bei dem Versuch, das Kind zu retten, kam er beinahe selbst um\in refusing to work abroad, she missed a good job weil sie sich weigerte, im Ausland zu arbeiten, entging ihr ein guter Job\in saying this, I will offend him wenn ich das sage, würde ich ihn beleidigen\in doing so dabei, damittemperatures tomorrow will be \in the mid-twenties die Temperaturen werden sich morgen um 25 Grad bewegenhe's about six foot \in height er ist ungefähr zwei Meter großa novel \in 3 parts ein Roman in 3 Teilenpeople died \in their thousands die Menschen starben zu Tausendento be equal \in weight gleich viel wiegen\in total insgesamtthe potatoes are twenty pence \in the pound die Kartoffeln kosten zwanzig Pence pro Pfundshe has a one \in three chance ihre Chancen stehen eins zu dreione \in ten people jeder zehnteto interfere \in sb's business sich akk in jds Angelegenheiten einmischento share \in sb's success an jds Erfolg teilnehmen19. after nshe underwent a change \in style sie hat ihren Stil geändertshe had no say \in the decision sie hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Entscheidungto have confidence \in sb jdm vertrauen, Vertrauen zu jdm haben20. (in a person)▪ \in sb mit jdmwe're losing a very good sales agent \in Kim mit Kim verlieren wir eine sehr gute Verkaufsassistentinit's not \in me to lie ich kann nicht lügento not have it \in oneself to do sth nicht in der Lage sein, etw zu tunthese themes can often be found \in Schiller diese Themen kommen bei Schiller oft vor22.▶ \in all insgesamtthere were 10 of us \in all wir waren zu zehnt▶ all \in all alles in allemall \in all it's been a good year insgesamt gesehen, war es ein gutes Jahr▶ \in between dazwischen▶ there's nothing [or not much] [or very little] \in it da ist kein großer Unterschied▶ to be \in and out of sth:she's been \in and out of hospitals ever since the accident sie war seit dem Unfall immer wieder im KrankenhausII. ADVERBcome \in! herein!\in with you! rein mit dir!he opened the door and went \in er öffnete die Tür und ging hineinshe was locked \in sie war eingesperrtcould you bring the clothes \in? könntest du die Wäsche hereinholen?she didn't ask me \in sie hat mich nicht hereingebetenthe sea was freezing, but \in she went das Meer war eiskalt, doch sie kannte nichts und ging hineinto bring the harvest \in die Ernte einbringenthe train got \in very late der Zug ist sehr spät eingetroffenthe bus is due \in any moment now der Bus müsste jetzt jeden Moment kommenis the tide coming \in or going out? kommt oder geht die Flut?we watched the ship come \in wir sahen zu, wie das Schiff einlief6.▶ day \in, day out tagein, tagausIII. ADJECTIVEis David \in? ist David da?I'm afraid Mr Jenkins is not \in at the moment Herr Jenkins ist leider gerade nicht im Hause formto have a quiet evening \in einen ruhigen Abend zu Hause verbringendoor \in Eingangstür f\in-tray AUS, BRIT\in-box AM Behälter m für eingehende Post▪ to be \in in [o angesagt] seinto be the \in place to dance/dine ein angesagtes Tanzlokal/Restaurant seinwhen does your essay have to be \in? wann musst du deinen Essay abgeben?the application must be \in by May 31 die Bewerbung muss bis zum 31. Mai eingegangen seinthe ball was definitely \in! der Ball war keineswegs im Aus!pumpkins are \in! Kürbisse jetzt frisch!9.you'll be \in for it if... du kannst dich auf was gefasst machen, wenn...▶ to be [well] \in with sb bei jdm gut angeschrieben seinshe just says those things to get \in with the teacher sie sagt so was doch nur, um sich beim Lehrer lieb Kind zu machenIV. NOUNhe wants to get involved with that group but doesn't have an \in er würde gern mit dieser Gruppe in Kontakt kommen, aber bis jetzt fehlt ihm die Eintrittskarte2. AM POL▪ the \ins die Regierungspartei3.▶ to understand the \ins and outs of sth etw hundertprozentig verstehen* * *[ɪn]1. PREPOSITIONWhen in is the second element of a phrasal verb, eg ask in, fill in, hand in, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg in danger, in the end, weak in, wrapped in, look up the other word.it was in the lorry/bag/car — es war auf dem Lastwagen/in der Tasche/im Auto
he put it in the lorry/car/bag — er legte es auf den Lastwagen/ins Auto/steckte es in die Tasche
in here/there — hierin/darin, hier/da drin (inf); (with motion) hier/da hinein or rein (inf)
in the street — auf der/die Straße
to stay in the house — im Haus or (at home) zu Hause or zuhause (Aus, Sw) bleiben
in bed/prison — im Bett/Gefängnis
in Germany/Switzerland/the United States — in Deutschland/der Schweiz/den Vereinigten Staaten after the superlative, in is sometimes untranslated and the genitive case used instead.
the best in the class — der Beste der Klasse, der Klassenbeste
2) people beiyou can find examples of this in Dickens —
he doesn't have it in him to... — er bringt es nicht fertig,... zu...
3) dates, seasons, time of day in (+dat)in the morning(s) — morgens, am Morgen, am Vormittag
in the afternoon — nachmittags, am Nachmittag
in the daytime — tagsüber, während des Tages
in the evening — abends, am Abend
in those days — damals, zu jener Zeit
4) time of life in (+dat)in childhood — in der Kindheit, im Kindesalter
5) interval of time in (+dat)in a week( 's time) — in einer Woche
in a moment or minute — sofort, gleich
6) numbers, quantities zuto count in fives —
in large/small quantities — in großen/kleinen Mengen
in some measure — in gewisser Weise, zu einem gewissen Grad
in part — teilweise, zum Teil
7)he has a one in 500 chance of winning — er hat eine Gewinnchance von eins zu 500one book/child in ten — jedes zehnte Buch/Kind, ein Buch/Kind von zehn
8)manner, state, condition
to speak in a loud/soft voice — mit lauter/leiser Stimme sprechen, laut/leise sprechento speak in a whisper — flüstern, flüsternd sprechen
to speak in German —
the background is painted in red — der Hintergrund ist rot( gemalt) or in Rot gehalten
to stand in a row/in groups — in einer Reihe/in Gruppen stehen
to live in luxury/poverty — im Luxus/in Armut leben
9) clothes in (+dat)in his shirt sleeves — in Hemdsärmeln, hemdsärmelig
she was dressed in silk —
10)substance, material
upholstered in silk — mit Seide bezogento write in ink/pencil — mit Tinte/Bleistift schreiben
in marble — in Marmor, marmorn
a sculptor who works in marble — ein Bildhauer, der mit Marmor arbeitet
11)blind in the left eye — auf dem linken Auge blind, links blinda rise in prices — ein Preisanstieg m, ein Anstieg m der Preise
12)occupation, activity
he is in the army — er ist beim Militärhe is in banking/the motor business — er ist im Bankwesen/in der Autobranche (tätig)
13)__diams; in + -ing in saying this, I... — wenn ich das sage,... ichin trying to escape — beim Versuch zu fliehen, beim Fluchtversuch
in trying to save him she fell into the water herself — beim Versuch or als sie versuchte, ihn zu retten, fiel sie selbst ins Wasser
but in saying this —
he made a mistake in saying that — es war ein Fehler von ihm, das zu sagen
the plan was unrealistic in that it didn't take account of the fact that... — der Plan war unrealistisch, da or weil er nicht berücksichtigte, dass...
2. ADVERBWhen in is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg come in, live in, sleep in, look up the verb.da; (at home also) zu Hause, zuhause (Aus, Sw)there is nobody in — es ist niemand da/zu Hause to be in may require a more specific translation.
he's in for a surprise/disappointment — ihm steht eine Überraschung/Enttäuschung bevor, er kann sich auf eine Überraschung/Enttäuschung gefasst machen
we are in for rain/a cold spell — uns (dat) steht Regen/eine Kältewelle bevor
he's in for it! — der kann sich auf was gefasst machen (inf), der kann sich freuen (iro) __diams; to have it in for sb (inf) es auf jdn abgesehen haben (inf) __diams; to be in on sth an einer Sache beteiligt sein; on secret etc über etw (acc) Bescheid wissen
he likes to be in on things — er mischt gern (überall) mit (inf) __diams; to be (well) in with sb sich gut mit jdm verstehen
3. ADJECTIVE(inf) in inv (inf)long skirts are in — lange Röcke sind in (inf) or sind in Mode
the in thing — das, was zurzeit in ist (inf) or Mode ist
the in thing is to... — es ist zurzeit in (inf) or Mode, zu...
4. the insPLURAL NOUN1) = details __diams; the ins and outs die Einzelheiten plto know the ins and outs of sth —
I don't know the ins and outs of the situation — über die Einzelheiten der Sache weiß ich nicht Bescheid
2) POL US* * *in [ın]A präp1. (räumlich, auf die Frage: wo?) in (dat), innerhalb (gen), an (dat), auf (dat):in England (London) in England (London); → blind A 1 a, country A 5, field A 1, room A 2, sky A 1, street A 1, etc3. bei (Schriftstellern):4. (auf die Frage: wohin?) in (akk):put it in your pocket steck es in die Tasche5. (Zustand, Beschaffenheit, Art und Weise) in (dat), auf (akk), mit:in G major MUS in G-Dur; → arm2 Bes Redew, brief B 1, case1 A 2, cash1 A 2, doubt C 1, C 3, dozen, English B 2, group A 1, manner 1, ruin A 2, short C 2, tear1 1, word Bes Redew, writing A 4, etcbe in it beteiligt sein, teilnehmen;he isn’t in it er gehört nicht dazu;a) es lohnt sich nicht,7. (Tätigkeit, Beschäftigung) in (dat), bei, mit, auf (dat):8. (im Besitz, in der Macht) in (dat), bei, an (dat):a) in oder binnen zwei Stunden,b) während zweier Stunden;in 1985 1985; → beginning 1, daytime, evening A 1, flight2, October, reign A 1, time Bes Redew, winter A 1, year 1, etc13. (Hinsicht, Beziehung) in (dat), an (dat), in Bezug auf (akk):the latest thing in das Neueste in oder an oder auf dem Gebiet (gen); → equal A 10, far Bes Redew, itself 3, number A 2, that3 4, width 1, etc15. (Mittel, Material, Stoff) in (dat), aus, mit, durch:in black boots in oder mit schwarzen Stiefeln;16. (Zahl, Betrag) in (dat), aus, von, zu:seven in all insgesamt oder im Ganzen sieben;there are 60 minutes in an hour eine Stunde hat 60 Minuten;one in ten Americans einer von zehn Amerikanern, jeder zehnte Amerikaner;B adv1. innen, drinnen:in among mitten unter (akk od dat);know in and out jemanden, etwas ganz genau kennen, in- und auswendig kennen;be in for sth etwas zu erwarten haben;now you are in for it umg jetzt bist du dran:a) jetzt kannst du nicht mehr zurückhe is in for a shock er wird einen gewaltigen Schreck oder einen Schock bekommen;I am in for an examination mir steht eine Prüfung bevor;a) eingeweiht sein in (akk),b) beteiligt sein an (dat);be in with sb mit jemandem gutstehen;3. hinein:4. da, (an)gekommen:5. zu Hause, im Zimmer etc:Mrs Brown is not in Mrs. Brown ist nicht da oder zu Hause;he has been in and out all day er kommt und geht schon den ganzen Tag6. POL an der Macht, an der Regierung, am Ruder umg:8. SCHIFFa) im Hafenb) beschlagen, festgemacht (Segel)c) zum Hafen:on the way in beim Einlaufen (in den Hafen)C adj1. im Innern oder im Hause befindlich, Innen…2. POL an der Macht befindlich:in party Regierungspartei f3. nach Hause kommend:the in train der ankommende Zug4. an in restaurant ein Restaurant, das gerade in ist;the in people die Leute, die alles mitmachen, was gerade in istD s1. pl POL US Regierungspartei f2. Winkel m, Ecke f:a) alle Winkel und Ecken,know all the ins and outs of sich ganz genau auskennen bei oder in (dat), in- und auswendig kennen (akk)* * *1. preposition1) (position; also fig.) in (+ Dat.)shot/wounded in the leg — ins Bein geschossen/am Bein verwundet
2) (wearing as dress) in (+ Dat.); (wearing as headgear) mita change in attitude — eine Änderung der Einstellung; see also herself 1); itself 1)
eight dogs in ten — acht von zehn Hunden; see also gradient
5) (as a member of) in (+ Dat.)be employed in the Civil Service — als Beamter/Beamtin beschäftigt sein
there is nothing/not much or little in it — (difference) da ist kein/kein großer Unterschied [zwischen ihnen]
there is something in what you say — an dem, was Sie sagen, ist etwas dran (ugs.)
7) (expr. identity) in (+ Dat.)8) (concerned with) in (+ Dat.)9)be [not] in it — (as competitor) [nicht] dabei od. im Rennen sein
10) (with the means of; having as material or colour)in this way — auf diese Weise; so
this sofa is also available in leather/blue — dieses Sofa gibt es auch in Leder/Blau
draw in crayon/ink — etc. mit Kreide/Tinte usw. zeichnen; see also English 2. 1)
11) (while, during)in fog/rain — etc. bei Nebel/Regen usw.
in the eighties/nineties — in den Achtzigern/Neunzigern
4 o'clock in the morning/afternoon — 4 Uhr morgens/abends
in 1990 — [im Jahre] 1990
12) (after a period of) in (+ Dat.)in three minutes/years — in drei Minuten/Jahren
have it in one [to do something] — fähig sein [, etwas zu tun]
14)15)2. adverbin doing this — (by so doing) indem jemand das tut/tat; dadurch
1) (inside) hinein[gehen usw.]; (towards speaker) herein[kommen usw.]is everyone in? — sind alle drin? (ugs.)
‘In’ — "Einfahrt"/"Eingang"
2) (at home, work, etc.)3) (included) darin; drin (ugs.)cost £50 all in — 50 Pfund kosten, alles inbegriffen
4) (inward) innen5) (in fashion) in (ugs.); in Mode6) (elected)be in — [Zug, Schiff, Ware, Bewerbung:] da sein; [Ernte:] eingebracht sein
8)somebody is in for something — (about to undergo something) jemandem steht etwas bevor; (taking part in something) jemand nimmt an etwas (Dat.) teil
we're in for it now! — (coll.) jetzt blüht uns was! (ugs.)
9) (coll.): (as participant, accomplice, observer, etc.)be in on the secret/discussion — in das Geheimnis eingeweiht sein/bei der Diskussion dabei sein
3. attributive adjectivebe [well] in with somebody — mit jemandem [gut] auskommen
(fashionable) Mode-the in crowd — die Clique, die gerade in ist (ugs.)
4. nounin joke — Insiderwitz, der
* * *adj.hinein adj. prep.an präp.auf präp.in präp. -
68 PCM
1) Компьютерная техника: Parallel Cache Management, Performance Computer Modulator, Plug Compatible Manufacturers2) Жаргон: Please Call Me3) Военный термин: Patrol Craft, Missile, Penalty Cost Model, Philippine Campaign Medal, Presidents Certificate of Merit, Program Coordination Meeting, passive countermeasures, planning and control memorandum4) Техника: passive countermeasure, pending contractual matter, phase conjugate mirror, plug-compatible manufacturers, plutonium contaminated material, polarization current mode, power cooling mismatch, program change management, project category matrix, pulse-code modulation equipment, ИКМ, импульсно-кодовая модуляция5) Бухгалтерия: Project Cost Model6) Автомобильный термин: powertrain control module, powertrain control module - компьютер управления АКПП, Porsche Communication Management7) Грубое выражение: Piece Of Crap Mode8) Музыка: кодово-импульсная модуляция9) Оптика: phase-conjugate mirror10) Телекоммуникации: Personal Call Manager11) Сокращение: Plug-Compatible Mainframe, Postal Commodity Machine (vending machine), Procurement Contracting Manual (USPS Procurement & Supply), Pulse Code Modulation, Pulse Compression Modulation, Pyrotechnic Countermeasures12) Университет: Physics Chemistry And Mathematics13) Физиология: Prevention Case Management14) Электроника: Power Control Module, память на фазовых переходах (см. phase change memory)15) Вычислительная техника: Personal Computer Manufacturer, Plug Compatible Machine, Pulse Coded Modulation, program-compatible machine, program-compatible manufacturer, punch-card machine, совместимая ( вычислительная) машина, Physical Connection Management (FDDI, SMT), papercopy manager, изготовитель совместимых персональных компьютеров16) СМИ: Propose Critique Modify, Pulse Code Modulator17) Деловая лексика: Product Change Management18) Микроэлектроника: portable conformable mask19) Сетевые технологии: plug-compatible manufacturer, pulse-code modulation, изготовитель совместимых ПК, производитель плат, совместимых по разъёму20) Полимеры: phase-change material21) Автоматика: programmable control measurement22) Химическое оружие: Project controls manager23) Макаров: point charge model24) Расширение файла: Punched Card Machine, Printer Cartridge Metric (HP)25) Нефть и газ: phase contrast microscope, модуль электропитания и управления, power and control module26) Электротехника: pulse-count modulation27) Майкрософт: модуляция PCM28) Должность: Primary Care Manager29) Аэропорты: Playa Del Carmen, Mexico30) Единицы измерений: Per Calendar Month, Pounds Current Money -
69 Pcm
1) Компьютерная техника: Parallel Cache Management, Performance Computer Modulator, Plug Compatible Manufacturers2) Жаргон: Please Call Me3) Военный термин: Patrol Craft, Missile, Penalty Cost Model, Philippine Campaign Medal, Presidents Certificate of Merit, Program Coordination Meeting, passive countermeasures, planning and control memorandum4) Техника: passive countermeasure, pending contractual matter, phase conjugate mirror, plug-compatible manufacturers, plutonium contaminated material, polarization current mode, power cooling mismatch, program change management, project category matrix, pulse-code modulation equipment, ИКМ, импульсно-кодовая модуляция5) Бухгалтерия: Project Cost Model6) Автомобильный термин: powertrain control module, powertrain control module - компьютер управления АКПП, Porsche Communication Management7) Грубое выражение: Piece Of Crap Mode8) Музыка: кодово-импульсная модуляция9) Оптика: phase-conjugate mirror10) Телекоммуникации: Personal Call Manager11) Сокращение: Plug-Compatible Mainframe, Postal Commodity Machine (vending machine), Procurement Contracting Manual (USPS Procurement & Supply), Pulse Code Modulation, Pulse Compression Modulation, Pyrotechnic Countermeasures12) Университет: Physics Chemistry And Mathematics13) Физиология: Prevention Case Management14) Электроника: Power Control Module, память на фазовых переходах (см. phase change memory)15) Вычислительная техника: Personal Computer Manufacturer, Plug Compatible Machine, Pulse Coded Modulation, program-compatible machine, program-compatible manufacturer, punch-card machine, совместимая ( вычислительная) машина, Physical Connection Management (FDDI, SMT), papercopy manager, изготовитель совместимых персональных компьютеров16) СМИ: Propose Critique Modify, Pulse Code Modulator17) Деловая лексика: Product Change Management18) Микроэлектроника: portable conformable mask19) Сетевые технологии: plug-compatible manufacturer, pulse-code modulation, изготовитель совместимых ПК, производитель плат, совместимых по разъёму20) Полимеры: phase-change material21) Автоматика: programmable control measurement22) Химическое оружие: Project controls manager23) Макаров: point charge model24) Расширение файла: Punched Card Machine, Printer Cartridge Metric (HP)25) Нефть и газ: phase contrast microscope, модуль электропитания и управления, power and control module26) Электротехника: pulse-count modulation27) Майкрософт: модуляция PCM28) Должность: Primary Care Manager29) Аэропорты: Playa Del Carmen, Mexico30) Единицы измерений: Per Calendar Month, Pounds Current Money -
70 pcm
1) Компьютерная техника: Parallel Cache Management, Performance Computer Modulator, Plug Compatible Manufacturers2) Жаргон: Please Call Me3) Военный термин: Patrol Craft, Missile, Penalty Cost Model, Philippine Campaign Medal, Presidents Certificate of Merit, Program Coordination Meeting, passive countermeasures, planning and control memorandum4) Техника: passive countermeasure, pending contractual matter, phase conjugate mirror, plug-compatible manufacturers, plutonium contaminated material, polarization current mode, power cooling mismatch, program change management, project category matrix, pulse-code modulation equipment, ИКМ, импульсно-кодовая модуляция5) Бухгалтерия: Project Cost Model6) Автомобильный термин: powertrain control module, powertrain control module - компьютер управления АКПП, Porsche Communication Management7) Грубое выражение: Piece Of Crap Mode8) Музыка: кодово-импульсная модуляция9) Оптика: phase-conjugate mirror10) Телекоммуникации: Personal Call Manager11) Сокращение: Plug-Compatible Mainframe, Postal Commodity Machine (vending machine), Procurement Contracting Manual (USPS Procurement & Supply), Pulse Code Modulation, Pulse Compression Modulation, Pyrotechnic Countermeasures12) Университет: Physics Chemistry And Mathematics13) Физиология: Prevention Case Management14) Электроника: Power Control Module, память на фазовых переходах (см. phase change memory)15) Вычислительная техника: Personal Computer Manufacturer, Plug Compatible Machine, Pulse Coded Modulation, program-compatible machine, program-compatible manufacturer, punch-card machine, совместимая ( вычислительная) машина, Physical Connection Management (FDDI, SMT), papercopy manager, изготовитель совместимых персональных компьютеров16) СМИ: Propose Critique Modify, Pulse Code Modulator17) Деловая лексика: Product Change Management18) Микроэлектроника: portable conformable mask19) Сетевые технологии: plug-compatible manufacturer, pulse-code modulation, изготовитель совместимых ПК, производитель плат, совместимых по разъёму20) Полимеры: phase-change material21) Автоматика: programmable control measurement22) Химическое оружие: Project controls manager23) Макаров: point charge model24) Расширение файла: Punched Card Machine, Printer Cartridge Metric (HP)25) Нефть и газ: phase contrast microscope, модуль электропитания и управления, power and control module26) Электротехника: pulse-count modulation27) Майкрософт: модуляция PCM28) Должность: Primary Care Manager29) Аэропорты: Playa Del Carmen, Mexico30) Единицы измерений: Per Calendar Month, Pounds Current Money -
71 MRC
1) Компьютерная техника: Minimum Of Rows And Columns2) Медицина: Совет медицинских исследований (Medical Research Council)3) Военный термин: Major Regional Conflict, Major Regional Contingencies, Map Reference Code, Materiel Release Confirmation, Medical Research Council, Medical Reserve Corps, Meteorological Research Committee, Militarized Reconfigurable Computer, Military Region Command, Military Representatives Committee, Military Revolutionary Council, Mississippi River Commission, Motorized Rifle Company, maintenance and repair cycle, maintenance requirement card, major regional commander, material redistribution center, material release confirmation, material requirements committee, military reform caucus, morning readiness check, movement report center4) Техника: maintenance repair card, maintenance repair code, manpower requirements change, mid remote control, mobile radio communications5) Химия: Monoid Ring Completion, Multi Resistant Coating6) Математика: Multi Resolution Curves, Центр математических исследований (Великобритания)7) Метеорология: Muddy Rain Conditions8) Бухгалтерия: Monthly Recurring Charge9) Страхование: Multiple Reporting Currencies10) Ветеринария: Meat Research Corporation (Australia)11) Оптика: minimum resolvable contrast12) Радио: Milwaukee Repeater Club13) Телекоммуникации: Monthly Recurring Charges14) Сокращение: Chamberlain MRC (manufacturer of USPS equipment), Mail Recovery Center (dead letter offices in St. Paul MN and Atlanta GA), Major Regional Conflict / Contingencies, Market Research Council, Mathematics Research Center, Message-based Reliable Channel, Microwave Radio Corp. (USA), major retail centre15) Университет: Mount Royal College16) Вычислительная техника: magneto resistive cluster17) Нефть: карточка-заявка на техническое обслуживание (maintenance requirement card), контроль надёжности в процессе производства (manufacturing reliability control)18) Иммунология: Mutant Research Centre19) Биохимия: Mouse Erythrocytes20) Космонавтика: Mekong River Commission (official title: Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong Basin)21) Фирменный знак: Model Rectifier Corp, Model Rectifier Corporation22) СМИ: Media Resource Center23) Деловая лексика: Modern Rate Of Change24) Нефтепромысловый: (Maximum Reservoir Contact) максимальный контакт с резервуаром (концепция многозабойных скважин с широкоохватным воздействием на пласт)25) Сетевые технологии: mesh router components, компоненты маршрутизатора узлов сети26) Автоматика: manufacturing resource control27) Контроль качества: manufacturing reliability control28) Океанография: Marine Research Corporation29) Химическое оружие: multi-round container, multiple round container30) Расширение файла: Bibliographic data (Machine-Readable Cataloging records)31) Общественная организация: Medical Research Charities, Membership Renewal Credit32) Правительство: Municipal Regional County33) НАСА: Mid Roll Change -
72 MSC
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stall Cycles, Multimedia Super Corridor, протокол MSC (Mass Storage Class - протокол, предназначенный для работы с устройствами хранения больших объемов данных.)3) Американизм: Mail Stop Code4) Спорт: Minnesota Ski Council, Montreal Soaring Council5) Военный термин: Chief Mess Specialist, Coastal Minesweeper, Major Subordinate Command, Major Systems Command, Manpower Services Commission, Material Status Committee, Medical Service Corps, Medical Specialist Corps, Medical Staff Corps, Meteorological Service of Canada, Military Service Committee, Military Space Command, Military Staff Committee, Military Staff Committee of the United Nations, Mission Support Center, maintenance support center, major subordinate commander, master status chart, material source code, medical supply company, message switching center, military scout car, military studies center, missile sequence chart, missile system checkout, multiservice center, Major Subordinate Command (NATO), главный моделирующий компьютер (ГМК) (main simulation computer)7) Математика: максимальный сильный компонент (ориентированного графа), сходимость в среднеквадратическом (mean-square convergence)8) Бухгалтерия: Mandatory Settlement Conference9) Страхование: Murmansk Shipping Company, Murmansk10) Биржевой термин: Market Stance Coefficient11) Ветеринария: Medicines Select Committee (of the BVA)12) Сокращение: Major Subordinate Commander (NATO), Management Sectional Center (manages all post offices within ZIP range), Manned Spacecraft Center, Maritime Safety Committee, Maritime surface Surveillance Capability, Medical Service Corps (USA), MicroSoft C, Military Sealift Command (USA), Minesweeper, Coastal, Missile and Space Council, Mission Success Criteria, Mobile Switching Center, Multiple Sidelobe Canceler13) Университет: Mad Science Club, Memorial Student Center14) Физика: Multiple Scatter Correction15) Электроника: Multiple Sidelobe Canceller16) Вычислительная техника: mobile switching centre, most significant character, Mobile services Switching Center (PLMN, GSM, GPRS, Mobile-Systems)17) Нефть: marine survival craft, margin and sales contributors19) Космонавтика: Mirco Space Capsule20) Банковское дело: merchant service charge21) Биотехнология: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells22) Транспорт: Marine Safety Council, Mechanical Speed Control, Military Sea Command, Military Sealift Command23) Фирменный знак: Manhatten Supply Company, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Micro Surface Corporation24) СМИ: Mail Service Center25) Деловая лексика: Maintenance Saving Concept, Merchant System Component26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Service Contract, Мурманское морское пароходство (ММП)27) Автоматика: Multiprocessor Standards Committee, multistrip coupler28) Океанография: Management Service Center29) Химическое оружие: Major Subordinate Commands30) Безопасность: monoalphabetic substitution cipher31) Расширение файла: Microsoft C makefile32) Нефть и газ: multi-sensor caliper (Weatherford’s multi-sensor caliper (MSC) tool provides an accurate internal casing profile from an array of independent measuring, precision calibrated, carbide-tipped feeler arms.)33) Рыболовство: Marine Stewardship Council34) Электротехника: mechanically switched capacitors35) Общественная организация: Margaret Sanger Center, Monroe Senior Center36) NYSE. Material Sciences Corporation -
73 MSc
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stall Cycles, Multimedia Super Corridor, протокол MSC (Mass Storage Class - протокол, предназначенный для работы с устройствами хранения больших объемов данных.)3) Американизм: Mail Stop Code4) Спорт: Minnesota Ski Council, Montreal Soaring Council5) Военный термин: Chief Mess Specialist, Coastal Minesweeper, Major Subordinate Command, Major Systems Command, Manpower Services Commission, Material Status Committee, Medical Service Corps, Medical Specialist Corps, Medical Staff Corps, Meteorological Service of Canada, Military Service Committee, Military Space Command, Military Staff Committee, Military Staff Committee of the United Nations, Mission Support Center, maintenance support center, major subordinate commander, master status chart, material source code, medical supply company, message switching center, military scout car, military studies center, missile sequence chart, missile system checkout, multiservice center, Major Subordinate Command (NATO), главный моделирующий компьютер (ГМК) (main simulation computer)7) Математика: максимальный сильный компонент (ориентированного графа), сходимость в среднеквадратическом (mean-square convergence)8) Бухгалтерия: Mandatory Settlement Conference9) Страхование: Murmansk Shipping Company, Murmansk10) Биржевой термин: Market Stance Coefficient11) Ветеринария: Medicines Select Committee (of the BVA)12) Сокращение: Major Subordinate Commander (NATO), Management Sectional Center (manages all post offices within ZIP range), Manned Spacecraft Center, Maritime Safety Committee, Maritime surface Surveillance Capability, Medical Service Corps (USA), MicroSoft C, Military Sealift Command (USA), Minesweeper, Coastal, Missile and Space Council, Mission Success Criteria, Mobile Switching Center, Multiple Sidelobe Canceler13) Университет: Mad Science Club, Memorial Student Center14) Физика: Multiple Scatter Correction15) Электроника: Multiple Sidelobe Canceller16) Вычислительная техника: mobile switching centre, most significant character, Mobile services Switching Center (PLMN, GSM, GPRS, Mobile-Systems)17) Нефть: marine survival craft, margin and sales contributors19) Космонавтика: Mirco Space Capsule20) Банковское дело: merchant service charge21) Биотехнология: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells22) Транспорт: Marine Safety Council, Mechanical Speed Control, Military Sea Command, Military Sealift Command23) Фирменный знак: Manhatten Supply Company, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Micro Surface Corporation24) СМИ: Mail Service Center25) Деловая лексика: Maintenance Saving Concept, Merchant System Component26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Service Contract, Мурманское морское пароходство (ММП)27) Автоматика: Multiprocessor Standards Committee, multistrip coupler28) Океанография: Management Service Center29) Химическое оружие: Major Subordinate Commands30) Безопасность: monoalphabetic substitution cipher31) Расширение файла: Microsoft C makefile32) Нефть и газ: multi-sensor caliper (Weatherford’s multi-sensor caliper (MSC) tool provides an accurate internal casing profile from an array of independent measuring, precision calibrated, carbide-tipped feeler arms.)33) Рыболовство: Marine Stewardship Council34) Электротехника: mechanically switched capacitors35) Общественная организация: Margaret Sanger Center, Monroe Senior Center36) NYSE. Material Sciences Corporation -
74 msc
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stall Cycles, Multimedia Super Corridor, протокол MSC (Mass Storage Class - протокол, предназначенный для работы с устройствами хранения больших объемов данных.)3) Американизм: Mail Stop Code4) Спорт: Minnesota Ski Council, Montreal Soaring Council5) Военный термин: Chief Mess Specialist, Coastal Minesweeper, Major Subordinate Command, Major Systems Command, Manpower Services Commission, Material Status Committee, Medical Service Corps, Medical Specialist Corps, Medical Staff Corps, Meteorological Service of Canada, Military Service Committee, Military Space Command, Military Staff Committee, Military Staff Committee of the United Nations, Mission Support Center, maintenance support center, major subordinate commander, master status chart, material source code, medical supply company, message switching center, military scout car, military studies center, missile sequence chart, missile system checkout, multiservice center, Major Subordinate Command (NATO), главный моделирующий компьютер (ГМК) (main simulation computer)7) Математика: максимальный сильный компонент (ориентированного графа), сходимость в среднеквадратическом (mean-square convergence)8) Бухгалтерия: Mandatory Settlement Conference9) Страхование: Murmansk Shipping Company, Murmansk10) Биржевой термин: Market Stance Coefficient11) Ветеринария: Medicines Select Committee (of the BVA)12) Сокращение: Major Subordinate Commander (NATO), Management Sectional Center (manages all post offices within ZIP range), Manned Spacecraft Center, Maritime Safety Committee, Maritime surface Surveillance Capability, Medical Service Corps (USA), MicroSoft C, Military Sealift Command (USA), Minesweeper, Coastal, Missile and Space Council, Mission Success Criteria, Mobile Switching Center, Multiple Sidelobe Canceler13) Университет: Mad Science Club, Memorial Student Center14) Физика: Multiple Scatter Correction15) Электроника: Multiple Sidelobe Canceller16) Вычислительная техника: mobile switching centre, most significant character, Mobile services Switching Center (PLMN, GSM, GPRS, Mobile-Systems)17) Нефть: marine survival craft, margin and sales contributors19) Космонавтика: Mirco Space Capsule20) Банковское дело: merchant service charge21) Биотехнология: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells22) Транспорт: Marine Safety Council, Mechanical Speed Control, Military Sea Command, Military Sealift Command23) Фирменный знак: Manhatten Supply Company, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Micro Surface Corporation24) СМИ: Mail Service Center25) Деловая лексика: Maintenance Saving Concept, Merchant System Component26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Master Service Contract, Мурманское морское пароходство (ММП)27) Автоматика: Multiprocessor Standards Committee, multistrip coupler28) Океанография: Management Service Center29) Химическое оружие: Major Subordinate Commands30) Безопасность: monoalphabetic substitution cipher31) Расширение файла: Microsoft C makefile32) Нефть и газ: multi-sensor caliper (Weatherford’s multi-sensor caliper (MSC) tool provides an accurate internal casing profile from an array of independent measuring, precision calibrated, carbide-tipped feeler arms.)33) Рыболовство: Marine Stewardship Council34) Электротехника: mechanically switched capacitors35) Общественная организация: Margaret Sanger Center, Monroe Senior Center36) NYSE. Material Sciences Corporation -
75 PCM
- числоимпульсная модуляция
- управление физическими соединениями
- память на фазовых переходах
- нарушение условий нормального теплообмена
- матрица категорий проектов
- материал с обратимыми фазами
- импульсно-кодовая модуляция
- импульсная модуляция сигнала
- имнульсно-кодовая модуляция сигнала электросвязи
- изготовитель совместимых ПЭВМ
- загрязнённый плутонием материал
загрязнённый плутонием материал
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
изготовитель совместимых ПЭВМ
ПЭВМ-аналогов
—
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
имнульсно-кодовая модуляция сигнала электросвязи
Преобразование сигнала электросвязи, при котором сигнал электросвязи дискретизацией, квантованием отсчетов этого сигнала и их кодированием преобразуется в цифровой сигнал электросвязи.
[ ГОСТ 22670-77]Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые
Тематики
Синонимы
EN
импульсная модуляция сигнала
Способ кодирования аналогового сигнала (например, речи) для передачи его в форме цифрового потока с полосой 64 Kbps [http://www.citforum.ru/nets/glossary/_terms.shtml].
Применяется для записи музыки на аудио-CD.
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]Тематики
EN
импульсно-кодовая модуляция
ИКМ
Способ кодирования аналогового сигнала (например речи) для передачи его в форме цифрового потока (в телефонии с полосой 64 Кбит/с).
[ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/net/index.html]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
материал с обратимыми фазами
(с фазовым переходом)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
матрица категорий проектов
(по приоритетности)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
нарушение условий нормального теплообмена
(из-за недостаточного охлаждения при повышенном энерговыделении в активной зоне при аварии ядерного реактора)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
память на фазовых переходах
Энергонезависимая память, которая предлагает высокие скорости чтения и записи данных, потребляя меньшее количество энергии по сравнению с современной флэш-памятью.
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]Тематики
EN
управление физическими соединениями
Часть спецификации управления станциями в сети FDDI. Функционирует на физическом подуровне и отвечает за инициализацию соединений и сигнализацию между портами.
[ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/net/index.html]Тематики
EN
числоимпульсная модуляция
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > PCM
-
76 batch
12 nCINEMAT tanda fCOMP&DP batch m, lote m, grupo de documentos m, grupo de programas mFOOD lote mMECH motorcycles partida de material f, lote m, partida f, remesa f, serie fP&R hornada fPAPER lote mPETR TECH cantidad fija fPROD lote mSPACE grupo de documentos m, grupo de programas m, lote m, tanda fTELECOM lote mTEXTIL lote de material m, tanda f, partida f, lote m, partida de material fTRANSP tanda f, lote de material m, partida f, lote m, partida de material f -
77 continuous current-carrying capacity
длительная пропускная способность по току
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > continuous current-carrying capacity
-
78 ampacity (US)
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ampacity (US)
-
79 continuous current
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
непрерывный ток
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > continuous current
-
80 current-carrying capacity
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
предельно допустимый ток
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
прочность печатной платы к токовой нагрузке
Свойство печатной платы сохранять электрические и механические характеристики после воздействия максимально допустимой токовой нагрузки на печатный проводник или металлизированное отверстие печатной платы.
[ ГОСТ Р 53386-2009]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > current-carrying capacity
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