-
21 esetь
esetь Grammatical information: f. i Proto-Slavic meaning: `rack for drying grain'Page in Trubačev: -Russian:osét' `granary, rack for drying grain' [f i]Belorussian:(v)ósec' (W.), aséc' (W.) `granary, drying shed' [f i];osëtka (dial.) `granary', asëtka (dial.) `spot in granary for drying sheafs' [f ā]Ukrainian:ósit' (dial.) `granary' [f i]Polish:jesieć (dial.) `grain sieve' [f i];osieć (E. dial.) `granary' [f i];jesiótka (dial.) `grain sieve' [f ā];osiótka (W dial.) `granary' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: eś-et-i-Lithuanian:akė́čios `harrow' [Nompf ā] 1;ekė́čios (dial.) `harrow' [Nompf ā] 1 \{1\}Latvian:Old Prussian:aketes `harrow'Indo-European reconstruction: h₂oḱ-et-i-IE meaning: harrowPage in Pokorny: 18Comments: This is another case where we find Balto-Slavic evidence for *e- corresponding to *a- or *o- in other branches of Indo-European (Rozwadowski's change). Toporov regards the k of the Baltic forms as evidence for a western technological borrowing (I: 67). Since the Baltic and Germanic forms mean exactly the same, while the Slavic forms are semantically more remote, this is a serious option.Other cognates:Fi. äës `harrow'Notes:\{1\} The Standard Lithuanian form with a- may stem from the territory where the development e- > a- occurred. In any case, the attestations of the form with e- (see the LKŽ, s.v.) indicate that there are Lithuanian forms completely matching Latv. ecêšas. -
22 ȍlkъtь
ȍlkъtь; ȍlkъtъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elbow, ell'Page in Trubačev: XXXII 65-67Old Church Slavic:Russian:lókot' `elbow, ell' [m jo], lóktja [Gens]Czech:Slovak:Polish:ɫokieć `elbow, ell' [m jo]Upper Sorbian:ɫochć `elbow' [m jo];ɫóchć (dial.) `elbow' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:lȃkat `elbow, ell' [m o], lākta [Gens];Čak. lȁkat (Vrgada) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];Čak. lȁkat (Novi) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];Čak. lȃkat (Orbanići) `elbow, armlength, yard (measure)' [m o], lȃhta [Gens]Slovene:lakȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], laktà [Gens], laktȗ [Gens], lahtà [Gens], lahtȗ [Gens];lakȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], laktȋ [Gens], lahtȋ [Gens];lahȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lahtȗ [Gens];lakǝ̀t `elbow, ell' [m o], laktà [Gens];lákǝt `elbow, ell' [m o];lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], lǝhtȋ [Gens];lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lǝhtȗ [Gens];lèhǝt `elbow' [m o], lǝ̀hta [Gens]Bulgarian:lákăt `elbow, ell' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: Hol-k-Lithuanian:alkū́nė `elbow' [f ē] 1;elkū́nė (arch., dial.) `elbow' [f ē] 1 \{3\}Latvian:ę̀lks `elbow, bend' [m o];ę̀lkuons `elbow, bend' [m o] \{4\}Old Prussian:alkunis (EV) `elbow'IE meaning: elbowComments: The e- of the East Baltic forms may be another instance of "Rozwadowski's change". The somewhat awkward reconstruction *HHol- (*HH₃el-) is required by the acute intonation of Lith. úolektis, Latv. uôlekts `ell' < *HoHl- (*HeH₃l-), cf. OPr. woaltis `forearm', woaltis `ell', ὠλένη `elbow, forearm'. If one subscribes to the view that a lengthened grade vowel yields an acute in Balto-Slavic, *(H)ōl- is the obvious reconstruction.Other cognates:Gk. ολέκρα̑νος `point of the elbow';Notes:\{1\} *HH₃elkuti seems also possible. \{2\} In some case forms OCS lakъtь is inflected as a consonant stem. In the modern languages *ȍlkъtь has adopted the pattern of the jo- or o-stems. \{3\} The LKŽ has elkū̃nė instead of elkū́nė, even though one of the sources mentioned - F. Kurschat's dictionary - actually has an acute. \{4\} Also ę̀lkuonis, ę̀lkuone, ę̀lkūne2. -
23 ȍlkъtъ
ȍlkъtь; ȍlkъtъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elbow, ell'Page in Trubačev: XXXII 65-67Old Church Slavic:Russian:lókot' `elbow, ell' [m jo], lóktja [Gens]Czech:Slovak:Polish:ɫokieć `elbow, ell' [m jo]Upper Sorbian:ɫochć `elbow' [m jo];ɫóchć (dial.) `elbow' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:lȃkat `elbow, ell' [m o], lākta [Gens];Čak. lȁkat (Vrgada) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];Čak. lȁkat (Novi) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];Čak. lȃkat (Orbanići) `elbow, armlength, yard (measure)' [m o], lȃhta [Gens]Slovene:lakȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], laktà [Gens], laktȗ [Gens], lahtà [Gens], lahtȗ [Gens];lakȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], laktȋ [Gens], lahtȋ [Gens];lahȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lahtȗ [Gens];lakǝ̀t `elbow, ell' [m o], laktà [Gens];lákǝt `elbow, ell' [m o];lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], lǝhtȋ [Gens];lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lǝhtȗ [Gens];lèhǝt `elbow' [m o], lǝ̀hta [Gens]Bulgarian:lákăt `elbow, ell' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: Hol-k-Lithuanian:alkū́nė `elbow' [f ē] 1;elkū́nė (arch., dial.) `elbow' [f ē] 1 \{3\}Latvian:ę̀lks `elbow, bend' [m o];ę̀lkuons `elbow, bend' [m o] \{4\}Old Prussian:alkunis (EV) `elbow'IE meaning: elbowComments: The e- of the East Baltic forms may be another instance of "Rozwadowski's change". The somewhat awkward reconstruction *HHol- (*HH₃el-) is required by the acute intonation of Lith. úolektis, Latv. uôlekts `ell' < *HoHl- (*HeH₃l-), cf. OPr. woaltis `forearm', woaltis `ell', ὠλένη `elbow, forearm'. If one subscribes to the view that a lengthened grade vowel yields an acute in Balto-Slavic, *(H)ōl- is the obvious reconstruction.Other cognates:Gk. ολέκρα̑νος `point of the elbow';Notes:\{1\} *HH₃elkuti seems also possible. \{2\} In some case forms OCS lakъtь is inflected as a consonant stem. In the modern languages *ȍlkъtь has adopted the pattern of the jo- or o-stems. \{3\} The LKŽ has elkū̃nė instead of elkū́nė, even though one of the sources mentioned - F. Kurschat's dictionary - actually has an acute. \{4\} Also ę̀lkuonis, ę̀lkuone, ę̀lkūne2. -
24 olьxa
olьxa; elьxa Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `alder'Page in Trubačev: VI 23-25; XXXII 81-82Russian:ol'xá `alder' [f ā];ëlxa (dial.), elxá (dial.) `alder, spruce' [f ā] \{1\}Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:Bulgarian:elxá `alder, spruce' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: a/elisaH;; a/el(i)snio-Lithuanian:al̃ksnis, el̃ksnis `alder' [m io] 2;alìksnis (E. dial.) `alder' [m io] 2;álksna, élksna (dial.) `alder thicket, place where alders grow, marsh, dale' [f ā] 1Latvian:àlksnis, èlksnis (dial.) `alder' [m io];àlksna, ęlksna (E. dial.) `alder thicket, swampy place' \{2\}Indo-European reconstruction: h₂eliseh₂IE meaning: alderCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 302-303Comments: As Schrijver observes (1991: 40), this etymon presents two problems. The first problem is the anlaut. The Slavic forms with je- cannot be explained away by assuming analogy after the word for `spruce': je- also occurs in West Slavic, where `spruce' is jedl-, not jel- (pace Kortlandt apud Schrijver: o.c. 41). The a-: e- variation in Germanic suggests that the variation in Baltic and Slavic does not result from "Rozwadowski's change" alone (cf. Andersen 1996: 130). The second problem is the alternation between i and zero in the second syllable. It is true that the *i and *u (cf. the Latvian toponym Aluksne?) of the Germanic forms may continue the regular ablaut of an s-stem (Schrijver: l.c.), but the fact that we find *i of in Slavic and East Lithuanian as well indicates that it should be taken at face value. The above-mentioned peculiarities of the etymon strongly suggest that we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European origin. The fact that there are North Slavic forms with s alongside the expected x must be connected with the Baltic presence in the area (cf. Anikin 2005: 85-86).Other cognates:OIc. ǫlr `alder', jǫlstr `alder' [f] \{3\}Notes:\{1\} In Russian dialects there are apparently also forms with a vocalized medial jer, e.g. elóxa (Kostr.), alëx (Voron.), olëx (Rjaz.) `alder' (cf. Popowska-Taborska 1984: 39). \{2\} The form with e- is actually reflected as àlksna (Bersohn, E. Latvia) (M-E: s.v.). \{3\} From * aluz- and * elustrō (< * elastrō?), respectively. -
25 elьxa
olьxa; elьxa Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `alder'Page in Trubačev: VI 23-25; XXXII 81-82Russian:ol'xá `alder' [f ā];ëlxa (dial.), elxá (dial.) `alder, spruce' [f ā] \{1\}Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:Bulgarian:elxá `alder, spruce' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: a/elisaH;; a/el(i)snio-Lithuanian:al̃ksnis, el̃ksnis `alder' [m io] 2;alìksnis (E. dial.) `alder' [m io] 2;álksna, élksna (dial.) `alder thicket, place where alders grow, marsh, dale' [f ā] 1Latvian:àlksnis, èlksnis (dial.) `alder' [m io];àlksna, ęlksna (E. dial.) `alder thicket, swampy place' \{2\}Indo-European reconstruction: h₂eliseh₂IE meaning: alderCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 302-303Comments: As Schrijver observes (1991: 40), this etymon presents two problems. The first problem is the anlaut. The Slavic forms with je- cannot be explained away by assuming analogy after the word for `spruce': je- also occurs in West Slavic, where `spruce' is jedl-, not jel- (pace Kortlandt apud Schrijver: o.c. 41). The a-: e- variation in Germanic suggests that the variation in Baltic and Slavic does not result from "Rozwadowski's change" alone (cf. Andersen 1996: 130). The second problem is the alternation between i and zero in the second syllable. It is true that the *i and *u (cf. the Latvian toponym Aluksne?) of the Germanic forms may continue the regular ablaut of an s-stem (Schrijver: l.c.), but the fact that we find *i of in Slavic and East Lithuanian as well indicates that it should be taken at face value. The above-mentioned peculiarities of the etymon strongly suggest that we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European origin. The fact that there are North Slavic forms with s alongside the expected x must be connected with the Baltic presence in the area (cf. Anikin 2005: 85-86).Other cognates:OIc. ǫlr `alder', jǫlstr `alder' [f] \{3\}Notes:\{1\} In Russian dialects there are apparently also forms with a vocalized medial jer, e.g. elóxa (Kostr.), alëx (Voron.), olëx (Rjaz.) `alder' (cf. Popowska-Taborska 1984: 39). \{2\} The form with e- is actually reflected as àlksna (Bersohn, E. Latvia) (M-E: s.v.). \{3\} From * aluz- and * elustrō (< * elastrō?), respectively. -
26 orь̀lъ
orь̀lъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `eagle'Page in Trubačev: XXXII 232-234Old Church Slavic:Russian:orël `eagle' [m o], orlá [Gens]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:òrao `eagle' [m o]Slovene:órǝɫ `eagle' [m o], órla [Gens]Bulgarian:orél `eagle' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: or-il-o-;; er-el-io-Lithuanian:erẽlis `eagle' [m jo] 2 \{1\}Latvian:ḕrglis `eagle' [m jo]Old Prussian:arelie `eagle'Certainty: +Comments: The e- of the East Baltic forms is a good example of "Rozwadowski's change". It doesn't seem very plausible that within Slavic only the Low Sorbian forms would show the effect of this phenomenon.Other cognates:OIc. ǫrn `eagle';Notes:\{1\} The variant arẽlis is limited to the area where e- becomes a- (Būga RR II: 508). -
27 osa
osa; osìna; jesìka Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `aspen'Page in Trubačev: I 80-81; XXXII 93Russian:osína `aspen' [f ā]Ukrainian:osýna `aspen' [f ā]Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:wósa `aspen' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:jèsika `aspen' [f ā];jàsika `aspen' [f ā]Slovene:jesíka `aspen' [f ā];jasíka `aspen' [f ā]Bulgarian:jèsika `aspen' [f ā];jàsika `aspen' [f ā]Lithuanian:ẽpušė `aspen' [f ē];ãpušė (dial.) `aspen' [f ē] 1 \{1\};Ãpšė top. [f ē] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: aps-eh₂IE meaning: aspenCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 55Comments: The forms with *e- may be attributed to "Rozwadowski's change", though their distribution over the Balto-Slavic territory (South Slavic + Lithuanian) is remarkable.Other cognates:OIc. ǫsp `aspen' [f]Notes:\{1\} Alongside epušė̃, apušė. -
28 osìna
osa; osìna; jesìka Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `aspen'Page in Trubačev: I 80-81; XXXII 93Russian:osína `aspen' [f ā]Ukrainian:osýna `aspen' [f ā]Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:wósa `aspen' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:jèsika `aspen' [f ā];jàsika `aspen' [f ā]Slovene:jesíka `aspen' [f ā];jasíka `aspen' [f ā]Bulgarian:jèsika `aspen' [f ā];jàsika `aspen' [f ā]Lithuanian:ẽpušė `aspen' [f ē];ãpušė (dial.) `aspen' [f ē] 1 \{1\};Ãpšė top. [f ē] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: aps-eh₂IE meaning: aspenCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 55Comments: The forms with *e- may be attributed to "Rozwadowski's change", though their distribution over the Balto-Slavic territory (South Slavic + Lithuanian) is remarkable.Other cognates:OIc. ǫsp `aspen' [f]Notes:\{1\} Alongside epušė̃, apušė. -
29 jesìka
osa; osìna; jesìka Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `aspen'Page in Trubačev: I 80-81; XXXII 93Russian:osína `aspen' [f ā]Ukrainian:osýna `aspen' [f ā]Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:wósa `aspen' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:jèsika `aspen' [f ā];jàsika `aspen' [f ā]Slovene:jesíka `aspen' [f ā];jasíka `aspen' [f ā]Bulgarian:jèsika `aspen' [f ā];jàsika `aspen' [f ā]Lithuanian:ẽpušė `aspen' [f ē];ãpušė (dial.) `aspen' [f ē] 1 \{1\};Ãpšė top. [f ē] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: aps-eh₂IE meaning: aspenCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 55Comments: The forms with *e- may be attributed to "Rozwadowski's change", though their distribution over the Balto-Slavic territory (South Slavic + Lithuanian) is remarkable.Other cognates:OIc. ǫsp `aspen' [f]Notes:\{1\} Alongside epušė̃, apušė.
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См. также в других словарях:
change — [ ʃɑ̃ʒ ] n. m. • XIIe; de changer ♦ Action de changer une chose contre une autre. ⇒ changement, échange, troc. I ♦ 1 ♦ Loc. Gagner, perdre au change : être avantagé ou désavantagé lors d un échange. 2 ♦ (XIIIe; it. cambio) Action de changer une… … Encyclopédie Universelle
change — change, social change One of the central problems of sociology . In the middle of the nineteenth century, the first attempts at sociological analysis were prompted by the need to explain two great waves of change that were sweeping across Europe … Dictionary of sociology
change — CHANGE. s. m. Troc d une chose contre une autre. Ce mot n est guère d usage en ce sens que dans les phrases suivantes: Gagner au change. Perdre au change.Change, est aussi Le lieu où l on va changer des pièces de monnoie pour d autres, comme des… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798
change — vb Change, alter, vary, modify (and their corresponding nouns change, alteration, variation, modification) are comparable when denoting to make or become different (or when denoting a difference effected). Change and alter are sometimes… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
change — change; change·abil·i·ty; change·able; change·able·ness; change·ably; change·about; change·ful; change·less; change·ment; ex·change·able; in·ter·change·abil·i·ty; in·ter·change·able; change·ling; change·over; coun·ter·change; ex·change;… … English syllables
change — CHANGE. s. m. Troc d une chose avec une autre. Vous ne gagnerez rien au change. change pour change. ce change ne vous est pas avantageux. Il se dit aussi, quand on quitte une chose pour une autre. Il aime le change. courir au change. Change, En… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
change — I verb adapt, adjust, alter, be converted, be inconstant, be irresolute, convert, convertere in, deviate, displace, diverge, evolve, exchange, fluctuate, give in exchange, go through phases, immutare, innovate, interchange, make a transition,… … Law dictionary
Change — (ch[=a]nj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Changed} (ch[=a]njd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Changing}.] [F. changer, fr. LL. cambiare, to exchange, barter, L. cambire. Cf. {Cambial}.] 1. To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state to another; as, to … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Change — Change, n. [F. change, fr. changer. See {Change}. v. t.] 1. Any variation or alteration; a passing from one state or form to another; as, a change of countenance; a change of habits or principles. [1913 Webster] Apprehensions of a change of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
change — [chānj] vt. changed, changing [ME changen < OFr changier < LL cambiare < L cambire, to exchange, barter < Celt (as in OIr camb) < IE base * kamb , to bend, crook (> Welsh cam, Bret kamm, crooked)] 1. to put or take (a thing) in… … English World dictionary
change — Change, Permutatio pecuniae, Collybus, Bud. Et la place et endroit de la ville où les changeurs ont leurs boutiques. Selon ce on dit le pont aux changes. Et en fait de venerie Change est l opposite du droit, Estant le droit le Cerf qui a esté… … Thresor de la langue françoyse