-
1 hold
[həuld] 1. pt, pp held, vt( in hand) trzymać; ( contain) mieścić (pomieścić perf); qualifications posiadać; power, permit, opinion mieć; meeting, conversation odbywać (odbyć perf); prisoner, hostage przetrzymywać (przetrzymać perf)to hold sb responsible/liable — obarczać (obarczyć perf) kogoś odpowiedzialnością
to get hold of ( fig) — object, information zdobywać (zdobyć perf) +acc; person łapać (złapać perf) +acc (inf)
to get hold of o.s. — brać (wziąć perf) się w garść
to hold firm/fast — trzymać się mocno
he holds the view that … — jest zdania, że …
I don't hold with … — nie popieram +gen
hold still, hold steady — nie ruszaj się
Phrasal Verbs:- hold off- hold on- hold out- hold up2. viglue etc trzymać (mocno); argument etc zachowywać (zachować perf) ważność, pozostawać w mocy; offer, invitation być aktualnym; luck, weather utrzymywać się (utrzymać się perf); ( TEL) czekać (zaczekać perf)3. n( grasp) chwyt m; (of ship, plane) ładownia f* * *I 1. [həuld] past tense, past participle - held; verb1) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) trzymać2) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) trzymać3) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) trzymać, przytrzymywać4) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) wytrzymywać5) (to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power: The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive.) zatrzymać6) (to (be able to) contain: This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts.) (po)mieścić7) (to cause to take place: The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall.) odbywać8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) trzymać się9) (to have or be in (a job etc): He held the position of company secretary for five years.) zajmować stanowisko10) (to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard: I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs.) uważać że, utrzymywać, mieć11) (to continue to be valid or apply: Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances.) być aktualnym, obowiązywać12) ((with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do: I intend to hold him to his promises.) zmusić do dotrzymania (obietnicy)13) (to defend: They held the castle against the enemy.) bronić14) (not to be beaten by: The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.) powstrzymać15) (to keep (a person's attention): If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.) utrzymywać16) (to keep someone in a certain state: Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?) przetrzymać17) (to celebrate: The festival is held on 24 June.) obchodzić18) (to be the owner of: He holds shares in this company.) posiadać19) ((of good weather) to continue: I hope the weather holds until after the school sports.) utrzymywać się20) ((also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait: Mr Brown is busy at the moment - will you hold or would you like him to call you back?) czekać (przy telefonie)21) (to continue to sing: Please hold that note for four whole beats.) trzymać22) (to keep (something): They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.) przechowywać23) ((of the future) to be going to produce: I wonder what the future holds for me?) gotować2. noun1) (the act of holding: He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope.) chwyt2) (power; influence: He has a strange hold over that girl.) wpływ3) ((in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent: The wrestler invented a new hold.) chwyt•- - holder- hold-all
- get hold of
- hold back
- hold down
- hold forth
- hold good
- hold it
- hold off
- hold on
- hold out
- hold one's own
- hold one's tongue
- hold up
- hold-up
- hold with II [həuld] noun((in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.) ładownia -
2 head
[hɛd] 1. n ( lit, fig)głowa f; ( of table) szczyt m; ( of company) dyrektor m; (of country, organization) przywódca(-dczyni) m(f); ( of school) dyrektor(ka) m(f); (of list, queue) czoło nt; ( on coin) reszka f; (on tape recorder, computer) głowica fhead first — fall głową naprzód or do przodu; dive na główkę
10 pounds a/per head — 10 funtów na głowę
to come to a head ( fig) — situation etc osiągać (osiągnąć perf) punkt krytyczny
to bite/snap sb's head off — warczeć (warknąć perf) na kogoś (inf)
the brandy/success went to his head — koniak/sukces uderzył mu do głowy
to lose one's head — tracić (stracić perf) głowę
2. vthe's off his head! ( inf) — odbiło mu! (inf)
list, group znajdować się na czele +gen; company prowadzić, kierować +instr; ball odbijać (odbić perf) głowąPhrasal Verbs:- head for- head off* * *[hed] 1. noun1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) głowa2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) głowa3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) długość łba4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; ( also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) głowa, główny5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) główka6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) góra7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) góra, szczyt8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) przód9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) głowa10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) kierowanik, dyrektor11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) na osobę/głowę12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) przylądek13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) piana2. verb1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) być na czele, prowadzić2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) kierować3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) kierować się4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) zatytułować5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) zagrać głową•- - headed- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head -
3 record
1. ['rɛkɔːd] n( written account) zapis m; ( of meeting) protokół m; ( of attendance) lista f; ( file) akta pl; ( COMPUT, SPORT) rekord m; ( MUS) płyta f; ( history) (of person, company) przeszłość f2. [rɪ'kɔːd] vtevents etc zapisywać (zapisać perf); temperature, speed, time wskazywać; voice, song nagrywać (nagrać perf)3. adjto set/put the record straight ( fig) — prostować (sprostować perf) nieścisłości
he is on record as saying that … — stwierdził publicznie, że…
off the record — statement nieoficjalny; speak nieoficjalnie
* * *1. ['reko:d, -kəd, ]( American[) -kərd] noun1) (a written report of facts, events etc: historical records; I wish to keep a record of everything that is said at this meeting.) zapis, protokół2) (a round flat piece of (usually black) plastic on which music etc is recorded: a record of Beethoven's Sixth Symphony.) płyta gramofonowa3) ((in races, games, or almost any activity) the best performance so far; something which has never yet been beaten: He holds the record for the 1,000 metres; The record for the high jump was broken/beaten this afternoon; He claimed to have eaten fifty sausages in a minute and asked if this was a record; ( also adjective) a record score.) rekord4) (the collected facts from the past of a person, institution etc: This school has a very poor record of success in exams; He has a criminal record.) przeszłość, rejestr2. [rə'ko:d] verb1) (to write a description of (an event, facts etc) so that they can be read in the future: The decisions will be recorded in the minutes of the meeting.) (za)protokołować2) (to put (the sound of music, speech etc) on a record or tape so that it can be listened to in the future: I've recorded the whole concert; Don't make any noise when I'm recording.) nagrać3) ((of a dial, instrument etc) to show (a figure etc) as a reading: The thermometer recorded 30°C yesterday.) (za)rejestrować4) (to give or show, especially in writing: to record one's vote in an election.) zarejestrować•- recorder- recording
- record-player
- in record time
- off the record
- on record -
4 direct
[daɪ'rɛkt] 1. adj 2. vtletter, remarks, attention kierować (skierować perf); company, project kierować (pokierować perf) +instr; play, film reżyserować (wyreżyserować perf)3. advto direct sb to do sth — polecać (polecić perf) komuś zrobić coś
can you direct me to …? — czy może mi Pan/Pani wskazać drogę do +gen ?
* * *[di'rekt] 1. adjective1) (straight; following the quickest and shortest way: Is this the most direct route?) bezpośredni2) ((of manner etc) straightforward and honest: a direct answer.) bezpośredni3) (occurring as an immediate result: His dismissal was a direct result of his rudeness to the manager.) bezpośredni4) (exact; complete: Her opinions are the direct opposite of his.) dokładny5) (in an unbroken line of descent from father to son etc: He is a direct descendant of Napoleon.) w prostej linii2. verb1) (to point, aim or turn in a particular direction: He directed my attention towards the notice.) skierować2) (to show the way to: She directed him to the station.) skierować3) (to order or instruct: We will do as you direct.) polecać4) (to control or organize: A policeman was directing the traffic; to direct a film.) kierować, prowadzić•- directional
- directive
- directly
- directness
- director
- directory -
5 interest
['ɪntrɪst] 1. n(desire to know, pastime)2. vtinterest (in) — zainteresowanie nt ( +instr); (advantage, profit) interes m; ( COMM) ( in company) udział m; ( sum of money) odsetki pl, procent m
compound/simple interest — procent składany/zwykły
his main interest is … — interesuje się głównie +instr
it is in our interest to … — jest or leży w naszym interesie, żeby +infin
* * *['intrəst, ]( American[) 'intərist] 1. noun1) (curiosity; attention: That newspaper story is bound to arouse interest.) zainteresowanie2) (a matter, activity etc that is of special concern to one: Gardening is one of my main interests.) zainteresowanie3) (money paid in return for borrowing a usually large sum of money: The (rate of) interest on this loan is eight per cent; ( also adjective) the interest rate.) procent4) ((a share in the ownership of) a business firm etc: He bought an interest in the night-club.) udział5) (a group of connected businesses which act together to their own advantage: I suspect that the scheme will be opposed by the banking interest (= all the banks acting together).) koła, sfery2. verb1) (to arouse the curiosity and attention of; to be of importance or concern to: Political arguments don't interest me at all.) interesować2) ((with in) to persuade to do, buy etc: Can I interest you in (buying) this dictionary?) zainteresować•- interesting
- interestingly
- in one's own interest
- in one's interest
- in the interests of
- in the interest of
- lose interest
- take an interest -
6 join
[dʒɔɪn] 1. vtqueue dołączać (dołączyć perf) do +gen; club, organization wstępować (wstąpić perf) do +gen; things, places łączyć (połączyć perf); person ( meet) spotykać się (spotkać się perf) z +instr; ( in an activity) przyłączać się (przyłączyć się perf) do +gen; road, river łączyć się z +instrto join forces (with) ( fig) — połączyć ( perf) siły (z +instr)
Phrasal Verbs:- join in- join up2. viroads, rivers łączyć się3. nzłączenie nt* * *[‹oin] 1. verb1) ((often with up, on etc) to put together or connect: The electrician joined the wires (up) wrongly; You must join this piece (on) to that piece; He joined the two stories together to make a play; The island is joined to the mainland by a sandbank at low tide.) połączyć2) (to connect (two points) eg by a line, as in geometry: Join point A to point B.) połączyć3) (to become a member of (a group): Join our club!) wstąpić do4) ((sometimes with up) to meet and come together (with): This lane joins the main road; Do you know where the two rivers join?; They joined up with us for the remainder of the holiday.) (po)łączyć się5) (to come into the company of: I'll join you later in the restaurant.) dołączyć do2. noun(a place where two things are joined: You can hardly see the joins in the material.) złącze, fuga- join hands
- join in
- join up -
7 present
['prɛznt] 1. adj 2. n 3. vtprize wręczać (wręczyć perf); difficulty, threat stanowić; person, information przedstawiać (przedstawić perf); radio/tv programme prowadzić (poprowadzić perf)to present sth to sb, to present sb with sth — wręczać (wręczyć perf) coś komuś
to present sb to — przedstawiać (przedstawić perf) kogoś +dat
to give sb a present — dawać (dać perf) komuś prezent
to be present at — być obecnym na +loc
* * *I ['preznt] adjective1) (being here, or at the place, occasion etc mentioned: My father was present on that occasion; Who else was present at the wedding?; Now that the whole class is present, we can begin the lesson.) obecny2) (existing now: the present moment; the present prime minister.) obecny3) ((of the tense of a verb) indicating action now: In the sentence `She wants a chocolate', the verb is in the present tense.) teraźniejszy•- the present
- at present
- for the present II [pri'zent] verb1) (to give, especially formally or ceremonially: The child presented a bunch of flowers to the Queen; He was presented with a gold watch when he retired.) wręczyć2) (to introduce: May I present my wife (to you)?) przedstawiać3) (to arrange the production of (a play, film etc): The Elizabethan Theatre Company presents `Hamlet', by William Shakespeare.) przedstawiać4) (to offer (ideas etc) for consideration, or (a problem etc) for solving: She presents (=expresses) her ideas very clearly; The situation presents a problem.) przedstawiać5) (to bring (oneself); to appear: He presented himself at the dinner table half an hour late.) stawić się•- presentable
- presentation
- present arms III ['preznt] noun(a gift: a wedding present; birthday presents.) prezent -
8 recruit
[rɪ'kruːt] 1. n ( MIL)rekrut m; ( in company) nowicjusz(ka) m(f)2. vt ( MIL)* * *[rə'kru:t] 1. noun1) (a person who has (just) joined the army, air force etc.) rekrut2) (a person who has (just) joined a society, group etc: Our party needs new recruits before the next election.) świeży nabytek2. verb(to cause to join the army, a society etc: We must recruit more troops; Can't you recruit more members to the music society?) (z)werbować -
9 stranger
['streɪndʒə(r)]nI'm a stranger here — ( in company) nikogo tu nie znam; (in town, country) jestem nietutejszy
* * *1) (a person who is unknown to oneself: I've met her once before, so she's not a complete stranger (to me).) obcy2) (a visitor: I can't tell you where the post office is - I'm a stranger here myself.) obcy nietutejszy
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