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21 dubius

dŭbĭus, a, um, adj. [for duhibius, duohabeo, held as two or double, i. e. doubtful; cf. dubito, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 1027].
I.
Moving in two directions alternately, vibrating to and fro, fluctuating (cf. ambiguus, anceps, incertus, perplexus, duplex).
A.
Lit. (very rare):
ut vas non quit constare, nisi humor Destitit in dubio fluctu jactarier intus,
Lucr. 6, 556; cf.:
fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare,
Liv. 37, 16, 4.—Far more freq. and class.,
B.
Trop., vacillating in mind, uncertain.
1.
Act.
a.
Wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, = ambigens, haesitans, etc.:
sin est is homo, anni multi me dubiam dant,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 17:
quae res est, quae cujusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10.— With an interrog. clause, A. and S. Gr. §
213 R. 4 (1.): temptat dubiam mentem rationis egestas, ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo,
Lucr. 5, 1211; cf.:
equites procul visi ab dubiis, quinam essent,
Liv. 4, 40:
dubius sum, quid faciam,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 40:
dubius, unde rumperet silentium,
id. Epod. 5, 85:
spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, Sive extrema pati,
Verg. A. 1, 218; cf. Liv. 1, 42:
Philippus non dubius, quin, etc.,
id. 31, 42:
haud dubius quin,
id. 42, 14; Curt. 5, 12.—With acc. and inf.:
dictator minime dubius, bellum cum his populis Patres jussuros,
Liv. 6, 14; so,
haud dubius,
id. 31, 24; Curt. 9, 7:
nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,
well aware how hard it is, Verg. G. 3, 289; so,
dubius with the genitives animi, Auct. B. Alex. 56, 2: mentis,
Ov. F. 6, 572:
consilii,
Just. 2, 13:
sententiae,
Liv. 33, 25 Drak.:
salutis,
Ov. M. 15, 438:
vitae,
id. Tr. 3, 3, 25:
fati,
Luc. 7, 611 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 437; A. and S. Gr. § 213 R. 1 ( a.).—
b.
Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided (very rare):
dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha incolumes transeunt,
Sall. J. 107, 6; cf.
hostes (opp. firmi),
id. ib. 51 fin.:
nutantes ac dubiae civitates,
Suet. Caes. 4 fin.:
quid faciat dubius,
Ov. M. 8, 441.— Poet. transf.:
cuspis,
Sil. 4, 188.—
2.
Pass., that is doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined (so most freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):
videsne igitur, quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis atque concessis?
Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf. id. ib. 2, 50 fin.; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67; id. de Or. 1, 20, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; Quint. 3, 4, 8; 7, 8, 6:
nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas Ab dubiis,
Lucr. 4, 468 (cf. verba, vague language, opp. aperta, Quint. 7, 2, 48):
jus, opp. certum,
id. 12, 3, 6;
opp. confessum,
id. 7, 7, 7:
in regno, ubi ne obscura quidem est aut dubia servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31:
dubium vel anceps genus causarum,
Quint. 4, 1, 40; cf. id. 9, 2, 69: dubii variique casus, Auct. ap. Cic. Clu. 21, 58:
et incerta societas,
Suet. Aug. 17 et saep.:
quia sciebam dubiam esse fortunam scenicam, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 8: salus (opp. aperta pernicies),
Cic. N. D. 3, 27, 69:
spes pacis,
id. Att. 8, 13:
victoria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 6; cf.:
victoria, praeda, laus,
Sall. J. 85, 48:
Marte,
Vell. 2, 55, 3:
spes armorum,
id. 2, 71:
discrimen pugnae,
indecisive, Sil. 5, 519:
proelia,
Tac. G. 6:
auctor,
unknown, Ov. M. 12, 61 et saep.:
an auspicia repetenda, ne quid dubiis diis agerem?
i. e. unassured of their favor, Liv. 8, 32:
dubii socii suspensaeque ex fortuna fidei (opp. fideles socii and certi hostes),
id. 44, 18; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:
Hispaniae,
Tac. A. 3, 44; cf.:
gens dubiae ad id voluntatis,
Liv. 9, 15:
lux,
i. e. morning twilight, dawn, Ov. M. 11, 596:
sidera,
Juv. 5, 22; cf.
nox,
evening twilight, Ov. M. 4, 401:
caelum,
i. e. over cast, Verg. G. 1, 252:
fulgor solis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 670; cf.:
et quasi languidus dies,
Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6:
dubiāque tegens lanugine malas,
i. e. between down and a beard, Ov. M. 9, 398; 13, 754; cf.:
dubia lanuginis umbra, Claud. Epith. Pall. et Cel. 42: vina,
not sure to ripen, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 319:
consilia,
wavering, Tac. Agr. 18 et saep.:
hunc annum sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus (shortly thereafter the contrary: Papirius Semproniusque, quorum de consulatu dubitabatur),
Liv. 4, 8; so,
haud dubius praetor,
id. 39, 39 fin.:
haud dubii hostes,
open enemies, id. 37, 49:
haud dubii Galli (opp. degeneres, mixti, Gallograeci vere),
id. 38, 17: cena dubia, see below, II.—
b.
In the neutr. absol.
(α).
(Non, haud) dubium est, it is ( not, not at all) doubtful, uncertain, undecided. (aa) Absol.:
si quid erit dubium,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 40:
haud dubium id quidem est,
id. Poen. 3, 4, 27; Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; cf.
in the interrog.: o! dubiumne id est?
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 49; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 46; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 9; and with the dat.:
an dubium id tibi est?
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 38; Cic. Fam. 4, 15.—(bb) With de:
de Pompeii exitu mihi dubium numquam fuit,
Cic. Att. 11, 6, 5; so,
de eorum jure,
id. de Or. 1, 57:
de re,
Quint. 7, 3, 4; cf. id. 7, 6, 3.—(ng) With an interrog. clause:
illud dubium (est), ad id, quod summum bonum dicitis, ecquaenam fieri possit accessio,
Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67; cf. Quint. 7, 9, 12:
hoc ergo, credo, dubium est, uter nostrum sit verecundior,
Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126:
hoc enim dubium est, utrum... an,
Quint. 6, 3, 83:
Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit... an tempore exclusus, dubium est,
Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:
an dubium vobis fuit inesse vis aliqua videretur necne?
Cic. Caecin. 11, 31 et saep.—Since the Aug. per. freq. dubium, absol. and adv.:
codicilli, dubium ad quem scripti,
Quint. 7, 2, 52:
quo postquam dubium pius an sceleratus, Orestes venerat,
Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 69; Suet. Caes. 58; id. Aug. 28; id. Tib. 10; Flor. 1, 1, 12; 2, 14, 3:
Erechtheus, Justitiā dubium validisne potentior armis,
Ov. M. 6, 678; cf. id. Pont. 3, 1, 17:
neque multo post exstincto Maximo, dubium an quaesita morte,
Tac. A. 1, 5; Flor. 1, 1, 8; 4, 2, 91 al.—(dd) Non dubium est quin uxorem nolit filius, Ter. And. 1, 2, 1; id. Eun. 5, 6, 27; Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32; id. Att. 13, 45; Quint. 11, 2, 10 et saep.:
haud dubium est, quin,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 17; 3, 2, 50; id. Ad. 5, 9, 19;
and interrog.,
Quint. 3, 2, 1; 10, 1, 5. —(ee) With acc. and inf.:
periisso me una haud dubium est,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 46; so Liv. 38, 6; Suet. Caes. 52 fin.; cf.
interrog.: an dubium tibi est, eam esse hanc?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 9.—Ellipt.:
si exploratum tibi sit posse te, etc., non esse cunctandum: si dubium sit, non esse conandum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5.—
(β).
Dubium habere, to regard as uncertain, to doubt:
an tu dubium habebis, etiam sancte quom jurem tibi?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112:
an dubium habetis, num obficere quid vobis possit? etc.,
Sall. H. Fragm. III. 61, 8 Dietsch; cf.:
haec habere dubia, neque, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 9 fin. —
(γ).
In dubium:
in dubium vocare,
to call in question, Cic. de Or. 2, 34; cf.: illud me dixisse nemo vocabit in dubium, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 5. Vid. also under 3. b.:
venire in dubium,
Cic. Quint. 2; id. ib. 21, 67; Liv. 3, 13; cf.:
alii non veniunt in dubium de voluntate,
i. e. there is no doubt what their wish is, Cic. Att. 11, 15, 2. Vid. also under 3. b.—
(δ).
In dubio, in doubt, in question, undetermined:
dum in dubio est animus,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; cf. Luc. 7, 247:
in dubioque fuere utrorum ad regna cadendum esset, etc.,
Lucr. 3, 836; cf. id. 1085; Quint. 7, 9, 9:
aestate potius quam hieme dandum, non est in dubio,
Plin. 25, 5, 24, § 59 et saep.:
ut in dubio poneret, utrum... an, etc.,
Liv. 34, 5. Vid. also 3. b.—
(ε).
Sine dubio, without doubt, doubtless, indisputably, certainly (very freq.; in Cic. more than twenty times; not in Caes. and Sall.): Th. Numquid dubitas quin? etc. Gn. Sine dubio, opinor, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2; 47; id. Cat. 2, 1; id. Balb. 24, 55; id. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. N. D. 1, 9, 23; id. Att. 1, 19, 2 et saep. Vid. the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 134 sq. Sometimes, esp. in Quint., with adversative particles: sed, verum, at, etc., no doubt, doubtless... but, yet, etc.: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret... sed, etc.. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 58; so with sed, id. de Or, 3, 57; Quint. 1, 6, 38; 5, 10, 53; 6, 3, 64;
with sed tamen,
id. 12, 6, 7;
with tamen,
id. 3, 8, 21; 5, 7, 28; 6, 4, 12;
with verum,
id. 8 prooem. § 33;
with at,
id. 8, 3, 67;
with autem,
id. 1, 6, 12 Spald.—
(ζ).
Procul dubio, beyond question, undoubtedly (very rare), Lucr. 3, 638; Liv. 39, 40 fin.; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 187; and:
dubio procul,
Lucr. 1, 812; 2, 261.—
3.
Meton., like anceps (4), doubtful, dubious, i. e. precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult (freq. but mostly poet.):
res dubias, egenas, inopiosas consili,
critical condition, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 2; so,
res,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 46; id. Most. 5, 1, 1; Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; id. J. 14, 5; Liv. 2, 50 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 62; Verg. A. 6, 196; 11, 445 al.; cf.
pericla (with advorsae res),
Lucr. 3, 55; 1076:
tempora (opp. secunda),
Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:
mons erat ascensu dubius,
Prop. 4, 4, 83; cf.:
quae (loca) dubia nisu videbantur,
Sall. J. 94, 2.—
b.
In the neutr. absol. (i. q. discrimen, II. B. 2, and periculum):
mea quidem hercle certe in dubio vita est,
is in danger, Ter. And. 2, 2, 10 Ruhnk.; Sall. C. 52, 6; cf. Ov. Am. 2, 13, 2:
sese suas exercitusque fortunas in dubium non devocaturum,
Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 6; cf. Cic. Caecin. 27, 76:
tua fama et gnatae vita in dubium veniet,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 42; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 35; Ov. H. 16, 138 Loers.— Plur. as subst.:
hinc Italae gentes in dubiis responsa petunt,
Verg. A. 7, 86:
mens dubiis percussa pavet,
Luc. 6, 596.
II.
For the syn. varius, manifold, various (only in the foll. passages): o multimodis variūm et dubiūm et prosperūm copem diem, Pac. ap. Non. 84, 23 (Trag. Rel. p. 115, ed. Rib.). And so prob. is to be explained dubia cena, a multifarious, richly provided supper, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 28 (for the subjoined explanation of Terence: ubi tu dubites, quid sumas potissimum, is only outwardly adapted to the meaning of dubius); so,
dubia cena,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 77; and:
fercula dubiae cenae,
Aus. Mos. 102; Hier. Ep. 22, no. 16.—Hence, adv., in two forms.
(α).
dŭbĭe (acc. to I. B. 1.), doubtfully, dubiously (not in Plaut., Ter., or Caes.):
potest accidere, ut aliquod signum dubie datum pro certo sit acceptum,
Cic. Div. 1, 55.—Esp. freq. (particularly since the Aug. per.) with negatives: haud (rarely non) dubie, undoubtedly, indisputably, positively, certainly:
etsi non dubie mihi nuntiabatur Parthos transisse Euphratem, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 15, 1 (nowhere else as an adv. in Cic.):
non dubie,
Quint. 7, 2, 6; 9, 4, 67; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; and with sed (cf. dubius, I. B. 2. b. e), Quint. 11, 2, 1; so,
too, nec dubie,
Liv. 2, 23 fin.; Quint. 2, 14, 2;
and with verum,
id. 3, 4, 1;
with sed,
Tac. A. 4, 19 fin.: haud dubie jam victor, [p. 615] Sall. J. 102, 1 (cf. on the contrary in Cic.: sine ulla dubitatione hostis, Phil. 14, 4, 10; cf. Liv. 3, 38; Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5); so,
haud dubie,
Liv. 1, 9; 13; 3, 24; 38; 53; 4, 2; 23; 5, 10 fin.; 33 fin.; 49 fin. et saep. (about 70 times; see the passages in Stuerenb. Cic. Off. p. 138); Quint. 10, 1, 85; Tac. A. 2, 43; 88; id. H. 1, 7; 46; 72; 3, 86; 4, 27 fin.; 80; id. G. 28; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Calig. 9; id. Galb. 2; Vulg. Lev. 13, 43.—
(β).
dubio = dubie, App. M. 9, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dubius
22 enim

ĕnim, conj. [comp. of ĕ for pronom. stem i, and nam], a demonstrative corroborative particle. (Its position is regularly after the first word, or the first two or more closely connected words in the sentence;
only in the comic writers sometimes at the beginning. Put after est in the fourth place: in eo est enim illud,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 67:
ab omnibus est enim, etc.,
id. Deiot. 13, 37;
al., see below. Put after quoque: id quoque enim traditur,
Liv. 2, 18; 3, 50; 23, 12; 27, 22; 30, 1; 33, 30; 36, 27; but not in Cicero, v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 108, p. 325.—Sometimes it divides an apparent compound:
quotus enim quisque,
Tac. Or. 26 fin.)
I.
To corroborate a preceding assertion, like equidem, certe, vero; hence freq. connected with these particles, esp. with vero (v. under B.), truly, certainly, to be sure, indeed, in fact: Ch. Te uxor aiebat tua Me vocare. St. Ego enim vocari jussi, certainly, I did order you to be called, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 2:
ornanda est enim dignitas domo,
Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:
in his est enim aliqua obscuritas,
in fact, indeed, id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:
ille (Dumnorix) enim revocatus resistere ac se manu defendere coepit,
in fact, indeed, Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 8:
tum M. Metilius, id enim ferendum esse negat,
it was really not to be endured, Liv. 22, 25:
enim istaec captio est,
this is clearly a trick, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 36:
enim me nominat,
positively he mentions my name, id. Trin. 5, 2, 10:
enim non ibis nunc vicissim, nisi scio,
you shall positively not go, id. Pers. 2, 2, 54; id. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf. id. Most. 5, 2, 12: Th. Quid tute tecum? Tr. Nihil enim, nothing truly, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 24; so,
nihil enim,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 22; id. Hec. 5, 4, 10; cf.:
enim nihil,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 51: Pa. Quid metuis? Se. Enim ne nosmet perdiderimus uspiam, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19:
tua pol refert enim,
id. Stich. 4, 2, 36:
certe enim hic nescio quis loquitur,
id. Am. 1, 1, 175:
certe enim,
id. ib. 2, 2, 26; id. As. 3, 3, 24; Ter. And. 3, 2, 23.—So too in ironical or indignant discourse:
tu enim repertu's Philocratem qui superes veriverbio!
you indeed! Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 36:
ex his duo sibi putant concedi: neque enim quisquam repugnat,
Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 41 Goer.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 8; id. Deiot. 12, 33 sq.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 13; id. Phil. 7, 8; Liv. 7, 32; 34, 7; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44 al.:
non assequimur. Isti enim videlicet Attici nostri quod volunt, assequuntur,
Cic. Brut. 84, 288;
so (with videlicet),
id. Font. 9, 19; id. Cat. 2, 6, 12: Ca. Faxo haut tantillum dederis verborum mihi. Me. Nempe enim tu, credo, me imprudentem obrepseris, yes, indeed, I believe you are trying to take me in, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 23.—
B.
Strengthened by vero, and combined with it into one word, ĕnimvēro (unlike enim, usually beginning the sentence), yes indeed, yes truly, of a truth, to be sure, certainly, indeed:
enimvero Chremes nimis graviter cruciat adulescentulum,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 1:
enimvero, inquit Crassus, mirari satis non queo, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 36; Liv. 5, 25; 1, 51 fin.:
postridie mane ab eo postulo, ut, etc.: ille enimvero negat,
and of a truth, he denies it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; so,
ille enimvero,
id. ib. 2, 5, 39; Liv. 3, 35 fin.:
hic enimvero,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60:
enimvero iste,
id. ib. 2, 3, 25.—In corroborating replies (cf. certe, I. A. 2.): Me. Ain vero? So. Aio enimvero, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 188; cf. id. Pers. 2, 2, 2: Sy. Eho, quaeso, an tu is es? Ch. Is enim vero sum, id. Trin. 4, 2, 145: Al. Tun' te abisse hodie hinc negas? Am. Nego enimvero, id. Am. 2, 2, 127; id. As. 3, 3, 98; id. Am. 1, 1, 254: Pa. Incommode hercle. Ch. Immo enimvero infeliciter, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 37.—And in ironical or indignant discourse: Da. Ubi voles, arcesse. Si. Bene sane:
id enimvero hic nunc abest,
that, to be sure, is wanting here as yet, Ter. And. 5, 2, 7; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 1:
enimvero ferendum hoc quidem non est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Liv. 43, 1; cf. id. 6, 14; 25, 41; 27, 30; 33, 46; 34, 58.
II.
Transf.
A.
To prove or show the grounds of a preceding assertion, for: haec sunt non nugae;
non enim mortualia,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 63:
mihi vero omne tempus est ad meos libros vacuum: numquam enim sunt illi occupati,
Cic. Rep. 1, 9:
quas (geometricas formas) ut vidisset, exclamavisse, ut bono essent animo, videre enim se hominum vestigia,
id. ib. 1, 17 et saep. —In parenthetical sentences:
quocirca (dicendum est enim saepius), cum judicaveris, diligere oportet,
Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22:
rumpor et invideo (quid enim non omnia narrem?), etc.,
Ov. H. 16, 221:
di maris et caeli (quid enim nisi vota supersunt?), etc.,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 1 et saep.—
2.
Sometimes the assertion, the reason for which is given, is to be mentally supplied, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; id. Leg. 2, 7, 17: Am. Qui istuc potis est fieri, quaeso, ut dicis, jam dudum, modo? Al. Quid enim censes? te ut deludam contra? etc., what then do you think? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 124; Curt. 5, 8; 10, 2 al.—So the expression: quid enim dicam? commonly ellipt.: quid enim? qs. for what can be objected to the assertion just made? quid enim de T. Tatio Sabino dicam, Liv. 4, 3, 12:
quid enim? fortemne possumus dicere eundem illum Torquatum?
Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 72; 2, 28, 93; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2; Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; 2, 3, 132 et saep.—
B.
To explain a preceding assertion, for instance, namely: Sy. Si futurum est, do tibi operam hanc. Mi. Quomodo? Ut enim, ubi mihi vapulandumst, tu corium sufferas, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33; Sc Metuo maxime. Pa. Quid metuis? Sc. Enim ne nos nosmet perdiderimus, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: Lu. Di me perdant, si bibi, Si bibere potui. Pa. Qui jam? Lu. Quia enim obsorbui, why because, id. ib. 3, 2, 21; id. Am. 2, 2, 34; id. Capt. 4, 2, 104; id. Cas. 2, 6, 33; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 14:
quod enim,
App. M. 9, p. 228, 16: non igitur videtur nec frumentarius ille Rhodios nec hic aedium venditor celare emptores debuisse. Neque enim id est celare, quicquid reticeas;
sed cum, etc.,
Cic. Off. 3, 13 fin.:
antiquissimam sententiam, tum omnium populorum et gentium consensu comprobatam sequor. Duo sunt enim divinandi genera, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 6, 11; cf. id. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 6. See Hand, Turs. II. p. 374-409.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > enim
23 dubius

dubius adj. [DVA-], moving two ways, fluctuating: fluctibus dubiis volvi coeptum est mare, L.—Fig., wavering in opinion, doubting, doubtful, dubious, uncertain: animum in causā dubium facere: visi ab dubiis, quinam essent, L.: spemque metumque inter dubii, V.: dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit, well aware how hard it is, V.: dictator minime dubius, bellum patres iussuros, L.: mentis, O.: sententiae, L.— Wavering in resolution, irresolute, undecided, hesitating: dubii confirmantur, Cs.: dubio atque haesitante Iugurthā incolumes transeunt, S.: hostibus dubiis instare, S.: spem dedit dubiae menti, V.: consilia, Ta.: quid faciat, O.: Mars errat in armis, V.— Doubted of, uncertain, doubtful, dubious, undetermined: fortuna scaenica, T.: quae dubia sint, ea sumi pro certis: haec habere dubia, to leave in question: salus: victoria, Cs.: proelia, Ta.: haud dubius rex, seu... seu..., by a clear title, L.: auctor, unknown, O.: gens dubiae ad id voluntatis, L.: lux, i. e. twilight, O.: sidera, Iu.: caelum, i. e. overcast, V.: lanugo, hardly visible, O.: sequitur annus haud dubiis consulibus, certainly known, L.: fortunam inter dubia numerare, Ta.: hora, i. e. the uncertain future, H.: dubia cena, i. e. perplexing with variety, H.: an dubium id tibi est? is it not certain? T.: ut de ipsius facto dubium esse nemini possit: hoc nemini dubium est, quid iudicarit: Iustitiā dubium validisne potentior armis, O.: haud dubiumst mihi, quin possim, etc., T.: non esse dubium, quin possent, etc., Cs.: periisse me unā haud dubiumst, T.: in dubium vocare, to call in question: non quo mihi veniat in dubium tua fides, is questioned: Dum in dubio est animus, in doubt, T.: ut in dubio poneret, utrum... an, etc., L.: sine dubio, certainly: cum te togatis omnibus sine dubio anteferret... sed, etc., doubtless... but: procul dubio, L. — Doubtful, dubious, precarious, dangerous, critical, difficult, adverse: fortuna (opp. secunda): res, S.: mons ascensu, Pr.: scire hunc lumen rebus nostris dubiis futurum, L.: dubiis ne defice rebus, our need, V.: tempora, H.: aeger, the man in danger of death, O.: Mea in dubio vitast, is in danger, T.: libertas et anima nostra in dubio est, S.: suas fortunas in dubium non devocaturum, Cs.
* * *

dubia, dubium ADJ

doubtful, dubious, uncertain; variable, dangerous; critical

Latin-English dictionary > dubius
24 māximē (or māxumē）

māximē (or māxumē） adv. [maximus], in the highest degree, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, altogether, very: florere: quid laudem maxume? T.: egredi non possim, si maxime velim: huic legioni Caesar confidebat maxime, Cs.: naturalis amicitia: plebi acceptus, Cs.: quae maxime liberalissima: ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate.—In phrases with unus, omnium, multo, vel, quam: qui proelium unus maxime accenderat, in the very highest degree, Cu.: unus omnium maxime, most of all, N.: maxime omnium belli avida, above all others, L.: multo maxime, by far most effectually, T.: ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora.—With qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime, and ut qui maxime, as any one whatever: tam enim sum amicus rei p., quam qui maxime: grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit, L.—With ut quisque... ita: ut quisque animi magnitudine maxume excellit, ita maxume, etc., the more... so much the more: ut quisque maxume ad suum commodum refert... ita minime est vir bonus, the more... the less.— In gradations, first of all, in the first place: maxime quidem... secundo autem loco: maxime... proxime.—With non: quibus si ingenium non maxime defuit, not utterly.—Especially, particularly, principally: quae ratio poëtas maxumeque Homerum inpulit, ut, etc.: cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum ordinem, maxume scilicet nostrae civitatis.—In the phrases, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially: plena exemplorum est nostra res p., cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo: longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.—With tum or cum, just, precisely, exactly: consulem tum maxime res agentem avocare, L.: tum cum maxime, at that precise moment, L.: nunc cum maxime.—With modus, just about, very much: hoc maxime modo in Italiam perventum est, L.: ruinae maxime modo, L.: in hunc maxime modum locutus est, much to this effect, L.—To emphasize assent or dissent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes: Cr. duc me ad eam. My. maxume, T.—With immo, certainly not, by no means: Immo maxume, T.: immo vero maxume, S.

Latin-English dictionary > māximē (or māxumē）
25 nec or neque

nec or neque (in nec the negation is more prominent, in neque the connective), adv. and conj. [1 ne+que]. I. Without a correl. particle, and not, also not, nor: quia non viderunt, nec sciunt: delubra esse in urbibus censeo, nec sequor magos, etc.—Negativing a single word: illa se negat, Neque eum aequom ait facere, T.: Et vidi et perii, nec notis ignibus arsi, O.: nec dubie ludibrio esse miserias suas, L.: nec idcirco minus: neque eo minus, L.: neque eo secius, N.—With adversative particles, nor yet, nor however, and yet not, but yet not: castra propere movit... Neque tamen Antonius procul aberat, S.: nec despero tamen: neque vero multum interest.—With enim, for... not, and in fact... not, and yet... not: neque enim erat cuiquam dubium: nec enim' licebat: Dixerat haec Tellus, neque enim tolerare potuit, etc., O.—With non (sometimes written necnon), introducing an emphatic affirmation, and assuredly, and certainly, and besides, and indeed: neque haec tu non intellegis: Tunc mihi praecipue, nec non tamen ante, placebas, O.: neque non me tamen mordet aliquid.—Poet., as a mere connective, also, besides, as well, too: Nec non et gemini custodes Praecedunt, V.—With dum (sometimes written necdum), and not yet, nor yet: si scis, neque dum Romā es profectus, scribas, etc.: necdum tamen ego Quintum conveneram.— Introducing a negative clause of purpose, result, or command, and... not: recordare enim... nec hoc pertimueris: profanum esto, neque scelus esto, L.: Transque caput iace, nec respexeris, V.: (diem) lucro Appone, nec dulcīs amores Sperne, H.: date munera templis, Nec timidā gaudete fide, O.: Nec tu mensarum morsūs horresce, V.: nec tempora perde precando, O.: nunc ut ea praetermittam, neque eos appellem, etc.: ut secundae classis vocarentur, nec umquam descenderent, L.: orare coepit, ne enuntiaret nec se proderet, N.: conspirasse, ne manūs ad os cibum ferrent, nec os acciperet datum, L.—Praegn., and not even, not even, and... too: cum praesertim nec nos temperemus imperiis, L.: ne quid praeter sonum linguae, nec eum incorruptum, retinerent, L.: equi non velocitate conspicui; sed nec docentur, etc., T.—Without connective force, not: magistratus nec oboedientem civem coërceto: alter, qui nec procul aberat, L.— II. With a correlative particle.—With neque or nec, neither... nor: nam certe neque tum peccavi, cum... neque cum, etc.: mors nec ad vivos pertineat nec ad mortuos: haec si neque ego neque tu fecimus, T.: Sed nec Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam, Iu.: nemo umquam neque poëta neque orator fuit, qui, etc.—Followed by et or -que in an affirmative clause, on the one hand not... and on the other hand; not only not... but also: id neque amoris mediocris et ingeni summi iudico: ut neque vestitūs praeter pellīs haberent quicquam, et lavarentur in fluminibus, Cs.: ut neque bonus quisquam intereat, paucorumque poenā vos salvi esse possitis.—Preceded by et in an affirmative clause, on the one hand... on the other not, not only... but also not: ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris neque exigam nisi tuo commodo: patebat via et certa neque longa.

Latin-English dictionary > nec or neque
26 demum

dēmum (also demus, like prorsus, quorsus, rursus, deorsus, Liv. Andr. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 70, 8 Müll.; Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 51 Ritschl and Brix), adv. [a sup. form from de, downmost; cf.: sub, summus], used to give prominence to an idea in opposition to or restriction of another, at length, at last, not till then; just, precisely; only, etc.
I.
In Latin of every period and description of writing (for syn. cf.: tandem, denique, postremum, primo).
A.
Enclitically with pronouns, like adeo (but less freq.), just, precisely, especially, exactly, indeed; also translated by an emphasis of the pronoun:
id demum lepidumst,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 14; cf.:
sic sentio, id demum aut potius id solum esse miserum, quod turpe sit,
Cic. Att. 8, 8 init.:
idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,
Sall. C. 20, 4; cf. id. ib. 12 fin.:
relinquere aculeum in audientium animis is demum potest, qui, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 18:
tamquam ad eam linguam demum natus esset,
Quint. 6 prooem. §
11: me fortuna hac demum voluit consistere terra,
Verg. A. 1, 629; cf. id. ib. 2, 743 al.:
ille demum antiquis est adulescens moribus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 20:
per quaedam parva sane, si ipsa demum aestimes, ducunt,
Quint. 1, 10, 5:
vos demum, ut video, legem antiquastis sine tabella. Sed ego, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38 (but Bait. vos quidem):
quae demum causae secundam valetudinem praestent, Cels. praef.: jam vero exsilium, si rerum naturam, non ignominiam nominis quaerimus, quantum demum a perpetua peregrinatione differt?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107:
sciscitando eo demum pervenit, ut haud procul esset, quin Remum agnosceret,
Liv. 1, 5 fin. —
(β).
Strengthened by a preceding verum enim vero, or a following profecto:
verum enim vero id demum juvat, si quem, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 2; Sall. C. 2, 9; cf. Liv. 4, 4:
is demum profecto vitam aequa lance pensitabit, etc.,
Plin. 7, 7, 5.—
(γ).
Separated from the pronoun:
hoc est demum quod percrucior,
Plaut. Bac. 5, 1, 13:
illa seges demum,
Verg. G. 1, 47.—
B.
Enclitically with the adverbs nunc, tum, or tunc, post, modo, jam, ibi, sic, etc.; just, precisely, not till; also freq. expressed by more strongly accenting those particles.—
a.
Nunc demum, Gr. nun dê, now, now at length, at last (cf.: nunc adeo, under 2. adeo, no. B. 2. c.):
nunc demum ego cum illa fabulabor libere,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 40;
so with scio,
id. Epid. 3, 4, 22; id. Mil. 2, 6, 62;
with intellego,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 12; cf.:
nunc demum rescribo iis litteris, quas, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 3; and:
undevicesimo aetatis anno dicere in foro coepi et nunc demum, quid praestare debeat orator, adhuc tamen per caliginem video,
yet it is only now that I am at length beginning to see, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8 et saep.—
(β).
In Plautus with following conjunctions, cum, quoniam, etc.:
nunc demum a me insipienter factum esse arbitror, Cum rem cognosco,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 80; cf. id. Rud. 4, 4, 78.—
(γ).
Separated by pol, edepol, or other words:
nunc pol demum ego sum liber,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 14:
nunc edepol demum in memoriam regredior, cum cogito, etc.,
id. Capt. 5, 4; 25; id. Cas. 4, 4, 14; id. Aul. 1, 2, 1:
heu, nunc misero mihi demum Exsilium infelix!
Verg. A. 10, 849.—
b.
Tum demum, then at length, then indeed (so most freq., esp. in the historians;
in Caes. only in this connection): tum demum Liscus oratione Caesaris adductus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 50, 2; 1, 51, 2; Liv. 2, 20; 3, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; Verg. A. 6, 330; 573; id. G. 3, 205; Ov. F. 4, 615 et saep.:
utraque re satis experta tum demum consules,
Liv. 2, 29.—
(β).
With foll. conjunct. ubi, si, cum, etc. (and in Plautus also separate; cf. above, no. 1. b. and c.):
ubi expolivero, Magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; Sall. J. 46; Cels. 7, 27 fin.:
si id facies, tum demum scibis, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Cic. Rep. 1, 24; cf. with quodsi, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4:
ac tum demum, cum medium tenuere, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7:
tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, Ubi, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Once in this connection demum alone:
servata res est demum, si illam videro,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 68.—
c.
Tunc demum (cf. Drak. Liv. 41, 3, 5):
tunc demum intelleges, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 121; Suet. Calig. 9; Vulg. Gen. 41, 9; and with cum, Col. praef. fin.;
with ubi,
Cels. 3, 6, and 10.—
d.
Post demum, afterwards, not till after:
post eum demum huc cras adducam,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 65:
post igitur demum, etc.,
id. Amph. 3, 1, 16.—With post as praep.: unas enim post idus Martias, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4:
post biduum demum,
Suet. Aug. 10 fin. —
e.
Modo demum, only now, now for the first time:
modone id demum sensti,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 11.—
f.
Jam demum, now at last, now (cf. dê... êdê, Eurip. Suppl. 980;
Troad. 235),
Ov. Tr. 2, 8.—
g.
Ibi demum, just there:
illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 3; Quint. 10, 3, 13:
ibi demum morte quievit,
Verg. A. 9, 445; cf. id. ib. 1, 629; Stat. Th. 2, 474; id. Silv. 2, 3, 14; cf.
also ibi demum, of time,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53.—
h.
Sic demum:
sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso,
Verg. A. 2, 795; 6, 154.—
k.
Ita demum, Vulg. 2 Mac. 6, 15.—
2.
With the abl. temp. or absol.:
ego novus maritus anno demum quinto et sexagesimo fiam?
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 15:
decimo demum pugnavimus anno,
Ov. M. 13, 209:
quarta vix demum exponimur hora,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 23:
hieme demum,
Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2:
pontificatum maximum, quem numquam vivo Lepido auferre sustinuerat, mortuo demum suscepit,
Suet. Aug. 31; cf.:
appellato demum collegio obtinuit,
id. Caes. 23:
his demum exactis,
Verg. A. 6, 637:
noctu demum rex recessit,
Curt. 7, 11, 20.—And once with the nominative of the part. perf.:
damnatus demum, vi coactus reddidit Mille et ducentos Philippos,
i. e. not until condemned, Plaut. Bac. 2, 4, 38.—
C.
To add emphasis to the idea contained in a proposition, in fact, in very truth, certainly, indeed (rare):
ea sunt enim demum non ferenda in mendacio, quae, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 15:
immemor est demum, nec frugum munere dignus, qui, etc.,
Ov. M. 15, 122; Quint. 10, 6, 5;
so to strengthen a comparative (cf.: adeo, etiam): latius demum ire,
further yet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156:
num expositio haec longior demum esse debeat,
Quint. 4, 2, 79.—
II.
In postAug. Latin.
A.
Only, solely, exclusively ( = duntaxat, tantum, solum, tantummodo, modo): ne vulgarem viam ingressus, alienis demum vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. § 3; id. 2, 15, 1:
adeo suis demum oculis credidit,
id. 11, 3, 68: quaedam (verba) tertiae demum personae figura dicuntur, ut licet, piget, id. 1, 4, 29: [p. 545] qui (Cicero) non assecutus esset docendo judicem tantum et utiliter demum ac Latine perspicueque dicendo, ut, etc., id. 8, 3, 3 et saep.:
nihil magis pro contione testatus est, quam id demum se habiturum, quod, etc.,
but just that, Suet. Oth. 6 et saep.:
ut non is demum sit veneficus, qui vitam abstulit data potione, sed etiam qui mentem,
Quint. 9, 2, 105; cf.
with the following verum etiam,
id. 7 prooem. § 1.—
b.
Ita demum, only so; then or in that case only; not till then ( = tum demum);
esp. freq. in conditional propositions: si plus humoris excernitur quam assumitur, ita demum secundae valetudinis spes est,
Cels. 3, 21; Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 2; Suet. Claud. 25 al.—
B.
To point out something as taking place only after previous delay, at length, at last = tandem:
quod oppidum Hispaniae frustra diu oppugnatum illitis demum galbano facibus succenderit,
Suet. Galb. 3; cf. corresp. with tandem, id. Calig. 6.—
* 2.
For denique no. II. 2, finally, in fine:
ex quibus alium Ciceroni, alium Caesari, singulis demum singulos opponeremus,
Tac. Or. 26 fin. Cf. Hand Turs. II. p. 250-260; Zumpt ad Curt. 6, 39, 25; Mützell ad Curt. 3, 7, 8; 3, 22, 26.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > demum
27 haud

haud or haut (in the form hau, before consonants, several times in Plautus acc. to the Cod. Ambros., and in Inscr. Orell. 4848: HEIC. EST. SEPVLCRVM. HAV. PVLCRVM. PVLCRAI. FEMINAE; also Tac. A. 2, 36; 6, 43 (49), Nipperdey, Ritter; hence, also hauscio = haud scio; cf. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. Trin. p. 99 sq. and p. 325), adv. [perh. orig. hau = ou, v. Ritschl l. l. But cf. Hand, Turs. III. 15.—Acc. to Corss. Ausspr. 1, 205, haud = pronom. stem ho + au (Sanscr. ava, away) + de, as in unde, etc.], a subjective and intensive negative particle, not at all, by no means; in class. prose most freq. with adverbs; rarely with adjectives, pronouns, or verbs (the last construction in Cic. only in the formulae: haud scio an, and haud dubito; in Caes. it occurs but once; v. also Krebs, Antibarb. p. 516).
(α).
With advv.:
hau longe,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 13:
hau longe abesse oportet,
id. Am. 1, 1, 166:
haut sane diu est,
it is but a very little while ago, id. Merc. 3, 1, 44:
haud sane commodum,
Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8:
haud sane intellego, quidnam sit, quod laudandum putat,
Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5; cf.
also: rem haud sane difficilem admirari videmini,
id. de Sen. 2, 4:
haud sane facile,
id. ib. 23, 83:
facio quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40: haud ferme Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:
haud ita jussi,
id. ib. 5, 4, 52:
haud ita est,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; cf.:
eia, haud sic decet,
id. Eun. 5, 9, 35; id. Ad. 3, 4, 7:
haut aliter esse duco,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2:
aliter hau dicetis,
id. Most. 1, 2, 15:
haud aliter censeo,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; cf.
also: ac veluti lupus... Haud aliter Rutulo, muros et castra tuenti, Ignescunt irae,
Verg. A. 9, 65; v. aliter;
and cf. also secus: nam ego hau diu apud hunc servitutem servio,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 17 Ritschl, N. cr.:
haud diu est,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67; cf.:
scies hau multo post,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 12; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 39:
haud paulo plus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3:
haud minus aegre patior,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 5:
haud minus,
Liv. 2, 60, 3:
Getae praetorii praefecto haud satis fidebant,
Tac. A. 11, 33:
sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; so,
haud facile,
Sall. J. 17, 2; id. C. 13, 5; cf.:
eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
id. ib. 14, 5:
haud cito,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89: haud temere est, quod tu tristi cum corde gubernas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 329 (Ann. v. 473 Vahl.):
haud temere est visum,
Verg. A. 9, 375:
familiaris accipiere faxo hau familiariter,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199:
haud stulte sapis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:
haud commode,
id. Hec. 1, 2, 20:
consul haud dubie jam victor,
Sall. J. 102, 1:
Vergilius haud dubie proximus,
Quint. 10, 1, 85:
dubie: mihi hau saepe eveniunt tales hereditates,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 33:
morbus haud saepe quemquam superat,
Sall. J. 17, 6:
haud cunctanter,
Suet. Tit. 6. For the connection with dum and quamquam, v. infra fin. —
(β).
With adjj.:
id esse hau perlonginquom,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:
in aetate hau bonum'st,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 61: haut doctis dictis certantes, sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.): ille vir haut magna cum re, id. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ib.):
hau mala'st mulier,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:
conveni hodie hominem haud impurum,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
anus haud impura,
id. Heaut. 4, 1, 16:
servum haud illiberalem praebes te,
id. Ad. 5, 5, 5:
haud mediocris vir,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
haut consimili ingenio,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 50:
compendium haut aetati optabile,
id. ib. 1, 2, 51:
hau permultum attulit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 86:
haud mirabile est,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 8:
bene dicere haut absurdum est,
Sall. C. 3, 1; cf.:
ingenium ejus haut absurdum,
id. ib. 25, 5:
haud ignotae belli artes,
Liv. 21, 1, 2:
annus haud dubiis consulibus,
id. 4, 8;
v. dubius and dubium: certe extrema linea Amare haud nihil est,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
haut quisquam quaeret, qui siem,
no one certainly, Plaut. Am. prol. 130:
eum salutat magis haut quiquam quam canem,
id. ib. 2, 2, 48; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 25; cf.:
faxo haut quicquam sit morae,
id. Am. 3, 3, 17; Ter. And. 2, 1, 36:
hic se ipsus fallit, haud ego,
id. ib. 3, 2, 15; cf.:
haud pol me quidem,
id. Hec. 2, 3, 5.—
(δ).
With verbs: Ni. Etiam dimidium censes (eum attulisse)? Ch. Non edepol scio:
Verum haut opinor,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 88:
hauscio, quid eo opus sit,
id. ib. 5, 2, 15:
hau nosco tuum,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 44:
ne ego cum illo pignus haut ausim dare,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 133:
quod dixi semel, hau mutabo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 85; cf.: haud muto factum, Ter. And. 1, 1, 13:
hau moror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 30: philosophari est mihi necesse; nam omnino haut placet, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 1 (cf. id. de Or. 2, 38, 156; id. Rep. 1, 18; Gell. 5, 15 fin.;
Trag. v. 417 Vahl.): pol me hau paenitet,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 72:
facit ille, quod vulgo hau solent,
id. ib. 1, 1, 30:
ego faxo hau dicet nactam, quem deluserit,
id. Bacch. 3, 4, 7; 4, 8, 23:
nae ille haud scit, quam, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 10; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 25:
tum ille haud dubitavit, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 15:
quod somno supererit, haud deerit,
Quint. 10, 3, 26:
haud erit, ut merito immortalis possit haberi,
it cannot be, Lucr. 3, 715;
v. sum: quem (Drusum) haud fratris interitu trucem quam remoto aemulo aequiorem sibi sperabat,
not so much... as, Tac. A. 3, 8.—For the phrase haud scio an (in Plautus hauscio an), see an; cf. also, haud scio, -ne: idque adeo haud scio, mirandumne sit, etc., * Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 5: Am. Exspectatusne advenio? So. Hau vidi magis exspectatum, I never saw any one welcomer, ironically, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 47; so,
hau vidi magis,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 29; id. Poen. 1, 1, 13.—Pleonastic with another negative:
neque ego haut committam, ut, si peccatum siet, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 114:
neque ille haud obiciet mihi, Pedibus sese provocatum,
id. Ep. 5, 1, 57:
post si quis vellet te, haut nevelles dividi?
id. Aul. 2, 4, 7.—Ellipt.: Al. Quid istuc est, mi vir, negoti, quod tu tam subito domo Abeas? Ju. Edepol haut quod tui me neque domi distaedeat, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5.—Hence,
II.
Esp., joined with dum and quaquam.
A.
haud dum, or, as one word, haud-dum, an intensive nondum, not at all as yet, not yet (very rare):
concilione... Pro Superi! Ausonius miles sedet? armaque tantum Hauddum sumpta viro?
Sil. 2, 332; Liv. 2, 52; 10, 6; 25; 22, 12; 28, 2; 33, 11 al.—
B.
haud quāquam, or, as one word, haudquāquam, by no means whatever, not at all (class.): haudquaquam quemquam semper Fortuna secuta est, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 299 Vahl.):
haudquaquam etiam cessant,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:
haudquaquam id est difficile Crasso,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:
haudquaquam hercle mirandum est esse, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 22, 82:
haudquaquam boni est, ratione vinctum velle dissolvere,
id. Univ. 11:
homo prudens et gravis, haudquaquam eloquens,
id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:
accedat huc suavitas quaedam oportet sermonum atque morum haudquaquam mediocre condimentum amicitiae,
id. Lael. 18, 66:
haudquaquam par gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2:
haudquaquam certamine ambiguo,
Liv. 7, 26, 8:
tibi has, miserabilis Orpheus Haudquaquam ob meritum, poenas, ni Fata resistant, Suscitat,
Verg. G. 4, 455:
haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni flectitur,
id. A. 12, 45 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > haud
28 haud dum

haud or haut (in the form hau, before consonants, several times in Plautus acc. to the Cod. Ambros., and in Inscr. Orell. 4848: HEIC. EST. SEPVLCRVM. HAV. PVLCRVM. PVLCRAI. FEMINAE; also Tac. A. 2, 36; 6, 43 (49), Nipperdey, Ritter; hence, also hauscio = haud scio; cf. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. Trin. p. 99 sq. and p. 325), adv. [perh. orig. hau = ou, v. Ritschl l. l. But cf. Hand, Turs. III. 15.—Acc. to Corss. Ausspr. 1, 205, haud = pronom. stem ho + au (Sanscr. ava, away) + de, as in unde, etc.], a subjective and intensive negative particle, not at all, by no means; in class. prose most freq. with adverbs; rarely with adjectives, pronouns, or verbs (the last construction in Cic. only in the formulae: haud scio an, and haud dubito; in Caes. it occurs but once; v. also Krebs, Antibarb. p. 516).
(α).
With advv.:
hau longe,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 13:
hau longe abesse oportet,
id. Am. 1, 1, 166:
haut sane diu est,
it is but a very little while ago, id. Merc. 3, 1, 44:
haud sane commodum,
Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8:
haud sane intellego, quidnam sit, quod laudandum putat,
Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5; cf.
also: rem haud sane difficilem admirari videmini,
id. de Sen. 2, 4:
haud sane facile,
id. ib. 23, 83:
facio quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40: haud ferme Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:
haud ita jussi,
id. ib. 5, 4, 52:
haud ita est,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; cf.:
eia, haud sic decet,
id. Eun. 5, 9, 35; id. Ad. 3, 4, 7:
haut aliter esse duco,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2:
aliter hau dicetis,
id. Most. 1, 2, 15:
haud aliter censeo,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; cf.
also: ac veluti lupus... Haud aliter Rutulo, muros et castra tuenti, Ignescunt irae,
Verg. A. 9, 65; v. aliter;
and cf. also secus: nam ego hau diu apud hunc servitutem servio,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 17 Ritschl, N. cr.:
haud diu est,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67; cf.:
scies hau multo post,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 12; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 39:
haud paulo plus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3:
haud minus aegre patior,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 5:
haud minus,
Liv. 2, 60, 3:
Getae praetorii praefecto haud satis fidebant,
Tac. A. 11, 33:
sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; so,
haud facile,
Sall. J. 17, 2; id. C. 13, 5; cf.:
eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
id. ib. 14, 5:
haud cito,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89: haud temere est, quod tu tristi cum corde gubernas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 329 (Ann. v. 473 Vahl.):
haud temere est visum,
Verg. A. 9, 375:
familiaris accipiere faxo hau familiariter,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199:
haud stulte sapis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:
haud commode,
id. Hec. 1, 2, 20:
consul haud dubie jam victor,
Sall. J. 102, 1:
Vergilius haud dubie proximus,
Quint. 10, 1, 85:
dubie: mihi hau saepe eveniunt tales hereditates,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 33:
morbus haud saepe quemquam superat,
Sall. J. 17, 6:
haud cunctanter,
Suet. Tit. 6. For the connection with dum and quamquam, v. infra fin. —
(β).
With adjj.:
id esse hau perlonginquom,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:
in aetate hau bonum'st,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 61: haut doctis dictis certantes, sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.): ille vir haut magna cum re, id. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ib.):
hau mala'st mulier,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:
conveni hodie hominem haud impurum,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
anus haud impura,
id. Heaut. 4, 1, 16:
servum haud illiberalem praebes te,
id. Ad. 5, 5, 5:
haud mediocris vir,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
haut consimili ingenio,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 50:
compendium haut aetati optabile,
id. ib. 1, 2, 51:
hau permultum attulit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 86:
haud mirabile est,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 8:
bene dicere haut absurdum est,
Sall. C. 3, 1; cf.:
ingenium ejus haut absurdum,
id. ib. 25, 5:
haud ignotae belli artes,
Liv. 21, 1, 2:
annus haud dubiis consulibus,
id. 4, 8;
v. dubius and dubium: certe extrema linea Amare haud nihil est,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
haut quisquam quaeret, qui siem,
no one certainly, Plaut. Am. prol. 130:
eum salutat magis haut quiquam quam canem,
id. ib. 2, 2, 48; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 25; cf.:
faxo haut quicquam sit morae,
id. Am. 3, 3, 17; Ter. And. 2, 1, 36:
hic se ipsus fallit, haud ego,
id. ib. 3, 2, 15; cf.:
haud pol me quidem,
id. Hec. 2, 3, 5.—
(δ).
With verbs: Ni. Etiam dimidium censes (eum attulisse)? Ch. Non edepol scio:
Verum haut opinor,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 88:
hauscio, quid eo opus sit,
id. ib. 5, 2, 15:
hau nosco tuum,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 44:
ne ego cum illo pignus haut ausim dare,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 133:
quod dixi semel, hau mutabo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 85; cf.: haud muto factum, Ter. And. 1, 1, 13:
hau moror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 30: philosophari est mihi necesse; nam omnino haut placet, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 1 (cf. id. de Or. 2, 38, 156; id. Rep. 1, 18; Gell. 5, 15 fin.;
Trag. v. 417 Vahl.): pol me hau paenitet,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 72:
facit ille, quod vulgo hau solent,
id. ib. 1, 1, 30:
ego faxo hau dicet nactam, quem deluserit,
id. Bacch. 3, 4, 7; 4, 8, 23:
nae ille haud scit, quam, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 10; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 25:
tum ille haud dubitavit, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 15:
quod somno supererit, haud deerit,
Quint. 10, 3, 26:
haud erit, ut merito immortalis possit haberi,
it cannot be, Lucr. 3, 715;
v. sum: quem (Drusum) haud fratris interitu trucem quam remoto aemulo aequiorem sibi sperabat,
not so much... as, Tac. A. 3, 8.—For the phrase haud scio an (in Plautus hauscio an), see an; cf. also, haud scio, -ne: idque adeo haud scio, mirandumne sit, etc., * Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 5: Am. Exspectatusne advenio? So. Hau vidi magis exspectatum, I never saw any one welcomer, ironically, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 47; so,
hau vidi magis,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 29; id. Poen. 1, 1, 13.—Pleonastic with another negative:
neque ego haut committam, ut, si peccatum siet, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 114:
neque ille haud obiciet mihi, Pedibus sese provocatum,
id. Ep. 5, 1, 57:
post si quis vellet te, haut nevelles dividi?
id. Aul. 2, 4, 7.—Ellipt.: Al. Quid istuc est, mi vir, negoti, quod tu tam subito domo Abeas? Ju. Edepol haut quod tui me neque domi distaedeat, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5.—Hence,
II.
Esp., joined with dum and quaquam.
A.
haud dum, or, as one word, haud-dum, an intensive nondum, not at all as yet, not yet (very rare):
concilione... Pro Superi! Ausonius miles sedet? armaque tantum Hauddum sumpta viro?
Sil. 2, 332; Liv. 2, 52; 10, 6; 25; 22, 12; 28, 2; 33, 11 al.—
B.
haud quāquam, or, as one word, haudquāquam, by no means whatever, not at all (class.): haudquaquam quemquam semper Fortuna secuta est, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 299 Vahl.):
haudquaquam etiam cessant,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:
haudquaquam id est difficile Crasso,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:
haudquaquam hercle mirandum est esse, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 22, 82:
haudquaquam boni est, ratione vinctum velle dissolvere,
id. Univ. 11:
homo prudens et gravis, haudquaquam eloquens,
id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:
accedat huc suavitas quaedam oportet sermonum atque morum haudquaquam mediocre condimentum amicitiae,
id. Lael. 18, 66:
haudquaquam par gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2:
haudquaquam certamine ambiguo,
Liv. 7, 26, 8:
tibi has, miserabilis Orpheus Haudquaquam ob meritum, poenas, ni Fata resistant, Suscitat,
Verg. G. 4, 455:
haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni flectitur,
id. A. 12, 45 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > haud dum
29 haud quaquam

haud or haut (in the form hau, before consonants, several times in Plautus acc. to the Cod. Ambros., and in Inscr. Orell. 4848: HEIC. EST. SEPVLCRVM. HAV. PVLCRVM. PVLCRAI. FEMINAE; also Tac. A. 2, 36; 6, 43 (49), Nipperdey, Ritter; hence, also hauscio = haud scio; cf. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. Trin. p. 99 sq. and p. 325), adv. [perh. orig. hau = ou, v. Ritschl l. l. But cf. Hand, Turs. III. 15.—Acc. to Corss. Ausspr. 1, 205, haud = pronom. stem ho + au (Sanscr. ava, away) + de, as in unde, etc.], a subjective and intensive negative particle, not at all, by no means; in class. prose most freq. with adverbs; rarely with adjectives, pronouns, or verbs (the last construction in Cic. only in the formulae: haud scio an, and haud dubito; in Caes. it occurs but once; v. also Krebs, Antibarb. p. 516).
(α).
With advv.:
hau longe,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 13:
hau longe abesse oportet,
id. Am. 1, 1, 166:
haut sane diu est,
it is but a very little while ago, id. Merc. 3, 1, 44:
haud sane commodum,
Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8:
haud sane intellego, quidnam sit, quod laudandum putat,
Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5; cf.
also: rem haud sane difficilem admirari videmini,
id. de Sen. 2, 4:
haud sane facile,
id. ib. 23, 83:
facio quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40: haud ferme Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:
haud ita jussi,
id. ib. 5, 4, 52:
haud ita est,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; cf.:
eia, haud sic decet,
id. Eun. 5, 9, 35; id. Ad. 3, 4, 7:
haut aliter esse duco,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2:
aliter hau dicetis,
id. Most. 1, 2, 15:
haud aliter censeo,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; cf.
also: ac veluti lupus... Haud aliter Rutulo, muros et castra tuenti, Ignescunt irae,
Verg. A. 9, 65; v. aliter;
and cf. also secus: nam ego hau diu apud hunc servitutem servio,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 17 Ritschl, N. cr.:
haud diu est,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67; cf.:
scies hau multo post,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 12; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 39:
haud paulo plus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3:
haud minus aegre patior,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 5:
haud minus,
Liv. 2, 60, 3:
Getae praetorii praefecto haud satis fidebant,
Tac. A. 11, 33:
sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; so,
haud facile,
Sall. J. 17, 2; id. C. 13, 5; cf.:
eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
id. ib. 14, 5:
haud cito,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89: haud temere est, quod tu tristi cum corde gubernas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 329 (Ann. v. 473 Vahl.):
haud temere est visum,
Verg. A. 9, 375:
familiaris accipiere faxo hau familiariter,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199:
haud stulte sapis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:
haud commode,
id. Hec. 1, 2, 20:
consul haud dubie jam victor,
Sall. J. 102, 1:
Vergilius haud dubie proximus,
Quint. 10, 1, 85:
dubie: mihi hau saepe eveniunt tales hereditates,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 33:
morbus haud saepe quemquam superat,
Sall. J. 17, 6:
haud cunctanter,
Suet. Tit. 6. For the connection with dum and quamquam, v. infra fin. —
(β).
With adjj.:
id esse hau perlonginquom,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:
in aetate hau bonum'st,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 61: haut doctis dictis certantes, sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.): ille vir haut magna cum re, id. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ib.):
hau mala'st mulier,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:
conveni hodie hominem haud impurum,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
anus haud impura,
id. Heaut. 4, 1, 16:
servum haud illiberalem praebes te,
id. Ad. 5, 5, 5:
haud mediocris vir,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
haut consimili ingenio,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 50:
compendium haut aetati optabile,
id. ib. 1, 2, 51:
hau permultum attulit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 86:
haud mirabile est,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 8:
bene dicere haut absurdum est,
Sall. C. 3, 1; cf.:
ingenium ejus haut absurdum,
id. ib. 25, 5:
haud ignotae belli artes,
Liv. 21, 1, 2:
annus haud dubiis consulibus,
id. 4, 8;
v. dubius and dubium: certe extrema linea Amare haud nihil est,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
haut quisquam quaeret, qui siem,
no one certainly, Plaut. Am. prol. 130:
eum salutat magis haut quiquam quam canem,
id. ib. 2, 2, 48; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 25; cf.:
faxo haut quicquam sit morae,
id. Am. 3, 3, 17; Ter. And. 2, 1, 36:
hic se ipsus fallit, haud ego,
id. ib. 3, 2, 15; cf.:
haud pol me quidem,
id. Hec. 2, 3, 5.—
(δ).
With verbs: Ni. Etiam dimidium censes (eum attulisse)? Ch. Non edepol scio:
Verum haut opinor,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 88:
hauscio, quid eo opus sit,
id. ib. 5, 2, 15:
hau nosco tuum,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 44:
ne ego cum illo pignus haut ausim dare,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 133:
quod dixi semel, hau mutabo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 85; cf.: haud muto factum, Ter. And. 1, 1, 13:
hau moror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 30: philosophari est mihi necesse; nam omnino haut placet, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 1 (cf. id. de Or. 2, 38, 156; id. Rep. 1, 18; Gell. 5, 15 fin.;
Trag. v. 417 Vahl.): pol me hau paenitet,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 72:
facit ille, quod vulgo hau solent,
id. ib. 1, 1, 30:
ego faxo hau dicet nactam, quem deluserit,
id. Bacch. 3, 4, 7; 4, 8, 23:
nae ille haud scit, quam, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 10; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 25:
tum ille haud dubitavit, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 15:
quod somno supererit, haud deerit,
Quint. 10, 3, 26:
haud erit, ut merito immortalis possit haberi,
it cannot be, Lucr. 3, 715;
v. sum: quem (Drusum) haud fratris interitu trucem quam remoto aemulo aequiorem sibi sperabat,
not so much... as, Tac. A. 3, 8.—For the phrase haud scio an (in Plautus hauscio an), see an; cf. also, haud scio, -ne: idque adeo haud scio, mirandumne sit, etc., * Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 5: Am. Exspectatusne advenio? So. Hau vidi magis exspectatum, I never saw any one welcomer, ironically, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 47; so,
hau vidi magis,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 29; id. Poen. 1, 1, 13.—Pleonastic with another negative:
neque ego haut committam, ut, si peccatum siet, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 114:
neque ille haud obiciet mihi, Pedibus sese provocatum,
id. Ep. 5, 1, 57:
post si quis vellet te, haut nevelles dividi?
id. Aul. 2, 4, 7.—Ellipt.: Al. Quid istuc est, mi vir, negoti, quod tu tam subito domo Abeas? Ju. Edepol haut quod tui me neque domi distaedeat, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5.—Hence,
II.
Esp., joined with dum and quaquam.
A.
haud dum, or, as one word, haud-dum, an intensive nondum, not at all as yet, not yet (very rare):
concilione... Pro Superi! Ausonius miles sedet? armaque tantum Hauddum sumpta viro?
Sil. 2, 332; Liv. 2, 52; 10, 6; 25; 22, 12; 28, 2; 33, 11 al.—
B.
haud quāquam, or, as one word, haudquāquam, by no means whatever, not at all (class.): haudquaquam quemquam semper Fortuna secuta est, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 299 Vahl.):
haudquaquam etiam cessant,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:
haudquaquam id est difficile Crasso,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:
haudquaquam hercle mirandum est esse, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 22, 82:
haudquaquam boni est, ratione vinctum velle dissolvere,
id. Univ. 11:
homo prudens et gravis, haudquaquam eloquens,
id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:
accedat huc suavitas quaedam oportet sermonum atque morum haudquaquam mediocre condimentum amicitiae,
id. Lael. 18, 66:
haudquaquam par gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2:
haudquaquam certamine ambiguo,
Liv. 7, 26, 8:
tibi has, miserabilis Orpheus Haudquaquam ob meritum, poenas, ni Fata resistant, Suscitat,
Verg. G. 4, 455:
haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni flectitur,
id. A. 12, 45 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > haud quaquam
30 haudquaquam

haud or haut (in the form hau, before consonants, several times in Plautus acc. to the Cod. Ambros., and in Inscr. Orell. 4848: HEIC. EST. SEPVLCRVM. HAV. PVLCRVM. PVLCRAI. FEMINAE; also Tac. A. 2, 36; 6, 43 (49), Nipperdey, Ritter; hence, also hauscio = haud scio; cf. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. Trin. p. 99 sq. and p. 325), adv. [perh. orig. hau = ou, v. Ritschl l. l. But cf. Hand, Turs. III. 15.—Acc. to Corss. Ausspr. 1, 205, haud = pronom. stem ho + au (Sanscr. ava, away) + de, as in unde, etc.], a subjective and intensive negative particle, not at all, by no means; in class. prose most freq. with adverbs; rarely with adjectives, pronouns, or verbs (the last construction in Cic. only in the formulae: haud scio an, and haud dubito; in Caes. it occurs but once; v. also Krebs, Antibarb. p. 516).
(α).
With advv.:
hau longe,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 13:
hau longe abesse oportet,
id. Am. 1, 1, 166:
haut sane diu est,
it is but a very little while ago, id. Merc. 3, 1, 44:
haud sane commodum,
Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8:
haud sane intellego, quidnam sit, quod laudandum putat,
Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5; cf.
also: rem haud sane difficilem admirari videmini,
id. de Sen. 2, 4:
haud sane facile,
id. ib. 23, 83:
facio quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40: haud ferme Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:
haud ita jussi,
id. ib. 5, 4, 52:
haud ita est,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; cf.:
eia, haud sic decet,
id. Eun. 5, 9, 35; id. Ad. 3, 4, 7:
haut aliter esse duco,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2:
aliter hau dicetis,
id. Most. 1, 2, 15:
haud aliter censeo,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 5; cf.
also: ac veluti lupus... Haud aliter Rutulo, muros et castra tuenti, Ignescunt irae,
Verg. A. 9, 65; v. aliter;
and cf. also secus: nam ego hau diu apud hunc servitutem servio,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 17 Ritschl, N. cr.:
haud diu est,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67; cf.:
scies hau multo post,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 12; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 39:
haud paulo plus,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 3:
haud minus aegre patior,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 5:
haud minus,
Liv. 2, 60, 3:
Getae praetorii praefecto haud satis fidebant,
Tac. A. 11, 33:
sed haud facile dixerim, cur, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 3 fin.; so,
haud facile,
Sall. J. 17, 2; id. C. 13, 5; cf.:
eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
id. ib. 14, 5:
haud cito,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89: haud temere est, quod tu tristi cum corde gubernas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 329 (Ann. v. 473 Vahl.):
haud temere est visum,
Verg. A. 9, 375:
familiaris accipiere faxo hau familiariter,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199:
haud stulte sapis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:
haud commode,
id. Hec. 1, 2, 20:
consul haud dubie jam victor,
Sall. J. 102, 1:
Vergilius haud dubie proximus,
Quint. 10, 1, 85:
dubie: mihi hau saepe eveniunt tales hereditates,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 33:
morbus haud saepe quemquam superat,
Sall. J. 17, 6:
haud cunctanter,
Suet. Tit. 6. For the connection with dum and quamquam, v. infra fin. —
(β).
With adjj.:
id esse hau perlonginquom,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:
in aetate hau bonum'st,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 61: haut doctis dictis certantes, sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.): ille vir haut magna cum re, id. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ib.):
hau mala'st mulier,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:
conveni hodie hominem haud impurum,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
anus haud impura,
id. Heaut. 4, 1, 16:
servum haud illiberalem praebes te,
id. Ad. 5, 5, 5:
haud mediocris vir,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:
haut consimili ingenio,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 50:
compendium haut aetati optabile,
id. ib. 1, 2, 51:
hau permultum attulit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 86:
haud mirabile est,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 8:
bene dicere haut absurdum est,
Sall. C. 3, 1; cf.:
ingenium ejus haut absurdum,
id. ib. 25, 5:
haud ignotae belli artes,
Liv. 21, 1, 2:
annus haud dubiis consulibus,
id. 4, 8;
v. dubius and dubium: certe extrema linea Amare haud nihil est,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 13.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
haut quisquam quaeret, qui siem,
no one certainly, Plaut. Am. prol. 130:
eum salutat magis haut quiquam quam canem,
id. ib. 2, 2, 48; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 25; cf.:
faxo haut quicquam sit morae,
id. Am. 3, 3, 17; Ter. And. 2, 1, 36:
hic se ipsus fallit, haud ego,
id. ib. 3, 2, 15; cf.:
haud pol me quidem,
id. Hec. 2, 3, 5.—
(δ).
With verbs: Ni. Etiam dimidium censes (eum attulisse)? Ch. Non edepol scio:
Verum haut opinor,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 88:
hauscio, quid eo opus sit,
id. ib. 5, 2, 15:
hau nosco tuum,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 44:
ne ego cum illo pignus haut ausim dare,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 133:
quod dixi semel, hau mutabo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 85; cf.: haud muto factum, Ter. And. 1, 1, 13:
hau moror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 30: philosophari est mihi necesse; nam omnino haut placet, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 1 (cf. id. de Or. 2, 38, 156; id. Rep. 1, 18; Gell. 5, 15 fin.;
Trag. v. 417 Vahl.): pol me hau paenitet,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 72:
facit ille, quod vulgo hau solent,
id. ib. 1, 1, 30:
ego faxo hau dicet nactam, quem deluserit,
id. Bacch. 3, 4, 7; 4, 8, 23:
nae ille haud scit, quam, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 10; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 25:
tum ille haud dubitavit, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 15:
quod somno supererit, haud deerit,
Quint. 10, 3, 26:
haud erit, ut merito immortalis possit haberi,
it cannot be, Lucr. 3, 715;
v. sum: quem (Drusum) haud fratris interitu trucem quam remoto aemulo aequiorem sibi sperabat,
not so much... as, Tac. A. 3, 8.—For the phrase haud scio an (in Plautus hauscio an), see an; cf. also, haud scio, -ne: idque adeo haud scio, mirandumne sit, etc., * Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 5: Am. Exspectatusne advenio? So. Hau vidi magis exspectatum, I never saw any one welcomer, ironically, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 47; so,
hau vidi magis,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 29; id. Poen. 1, 1, 13.—Pleonastic with another negative:
neque ego haut committam, ut, si peccatum siet, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 114:
neque ille haud obiciet mihi, Pedibus sese provocatum,
id. Ep. 5, 1, 57:
post si quis vellet te, haut nevelles dividi?
id. Aul. 2, 4, 7.—Ellipt.: Al. Quid istuc est, mi vir, negoti, quod tu tam subito domo Abeas? Ju. Edepol haut quod tui me neque domi distaedeat, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5.—Hence,
II.
Esp., joined with dum and quaquam.
A.
haud dum, or, as one word, haud-dum, an intensive nondum, not at all as yet, not yet (very rare):
concilione... Pro Superi! Ausonius miles sedet? armaque tantum Hauddum sumpta viro?
Sil. 2, 332; Liv. 2, 52; 10, 6; 25; 22, 12; 28, 2; 33, 11 al.—
B.
haud quāquam, or, as one word, haudquāquam, by no means whatever, not at all (class.): haudquaquam quemquam semper Fortuna secuta est, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 299 Vahl.):
haudquaquam etiam cessant,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:
haudquaquam id est difficile Crasso,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:
haudquaquam hercle mirandum est esse, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 22, 82:
haudquaquam boni est, ratione vinctum velle dissolvere,
id. Univ. 11:
homo prudens et gravis, haudquaquam eloquens,
id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:
accedat huc suavitas quaedam oportet sermonum atque morum haudquaquam mediocre condimentum amicitiae,
id. Lael. 18, 66:
haudquaquam par gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2:
haudquaquam certamine ambiguo,
Liv. 7, 26, 8:
tibi has, miserabilis Orpheus Haudquaquam ob meritum, poenas, ni Fata resistant, Suscitat,
Verg. G. 4, 455:
haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni flectitur,
id. A. 12, 45 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > haudquaquam
31 vel

vĕl, conj. and adv. [old imv. of volo] prop., will, choose, take your choice; hence,
I.
As disjunctive conjunction, to introduce an alternative as a matter of choice or preference, or as not affecting the principal assertion (while aut introduces an absolute or essential opposition; cf. Madv. Gr. § 436; Zumpt, Gr. § 339; Fischer, Gr. § 383).
A.
Singly.
1.
In gen., or (if you will), or else, or (at your pleasure), or (at least), or (it is indifferent), or (what is the same thing), etc.:
dic igitur me passerculum... haedillum me tuom dic esse vel vitellum,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 77: viginti minis? Ba. Utrum vis, vel quater quinis minis, id. Ps. 1, 3, 111:
lege vel tabellas redde,
id. ib. 1, 1, 29:
in solem ponito vel sine sale in defrutum condito,
Cato, R. R. 7: orabant (sc. Ubii), ut sibi auxilium ferret... vel... exercitum modo Rhenum transportaret, or at least, i. e. or, if he preferred it, Caes. B. G. 4, 16:
ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:
in unius voluntate vel moribus,
id. ib. 2, 28, 51:
in unā urbe vel in hac ipsā,
id. ib. 3, 10, 17:
constituere vel conservare,
id. ib. 2, 38, 64:
in ardore caelesti, qui aether vel caelum nominatur,
id. N. D. 2, 15, 41:
transfer idem ad modestiam vel temperantiam,
id. Fin. 2, 19, 60; cf. Madv. ad id. ib. 2, 25, 81:
unum illud extimescebam, ne quid turpiter facerem, vel dicam, jam effecissem,
id. Att. 9, 7, 1: haec neque confirmare argumentis neque refellere in animo est;
ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,
Tac. G. 3.—
2.
Esp.
a.
With potius, to correct or make more precise what has been said, or rather:
ex hoc populo indomito vel potius immani,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:
post obitum vel potius excessum Romuli,
id. ib. 2, 30, 53:
cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit,
id. Lig. 7, 22:
vide quid licentiae nobis tua liberalitas det, vel potius audaciae,
id. ib. 8, 23:
ludorum plausus vel testimonia potius,
id. Phil. 1, 15, 36:
quam valde ille reditu vel potius reversione meā laetatus!
id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Phil. 13, 9, 19:
novem tibi orbibus, vel potius globis conexa sunt omnia,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
plurimas vel potius omnes ex se ipso virtutes contulit,
Quint. 10, 1, 109.—In climax after a negative:
tu certe numquam in hoc ordine vel potius numquam in hac urbe mansisses,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 38.—
b.
So corrective, without potius:
sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium,
Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:
clariore vel plane perspicua,
id. Fin. 5, 20, 55; id. Lael. 12, 41:
Capua ab duce eorum Capye, vel. quod propius vero est, a campestri agro appellata,
Liv. 4, 37, 1:
cum P. Decius se in Samnium vel in Etruriam proficisci paratum esse ostendisset,
id. 10, 26, 4.—Esp. in the phrase vel dicam, or let me rather say, or rather:
quando enim nobis, vel dicam aut oratoribus bonis aut poëtis, ullus... ornatus defuit?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10; id. Brut. 57, 207; id. Cael. 31, 75; id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; id. Att. 9, 7, 1; Suet. Calig. 13.—So intensive, or I may even say (cf. II. A. 3. infra):
omnes binos consules, vel dicam amplius, omnia nomina,
Varr. L. L. 8, p. 106 Bip.:
a plerisque vel dicam ab omnibus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 3; id. Brut. 70, 246.—
c.
Vel etiam, or even:
ut expositio quarundam rerum gestarum vel etiam fabulosarum,
Quint. 4, 3, 12. —
d.
= aut, or else.
(α).
With an alternative necessary consequence:
id autem nec nasci potest nec mori, vel concidat omne caelum omnisque natura consistat necesse est,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 Tischer ad loc.:
vel tu ne faceres tale in adulescentiā,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 22.—
(β).
In gen. ( poet. and post class.):
si copias armatorum... secum expenderent, vincendum illā acie vel cadendum esse,
Tac. A. 14, 35:
mortem omnibus ex naturā aequalem oblivione apud posteros vel gloriă distingui,
id. H. 1, 21; cf. id. A. 14, 61; 14, 62:
quod imperium variā sorte laetum rei publicae aut atrox, principibus prosperum vel exitio fuit,
id. H. 2, 1 init.; 2, 10; 2, 68; cf. Ov. M. 9, 624 sq.; 15, 601 sq.—
e.
In a subordinate alternative after aut:
nec aut tibi ipsi aut huic Secundo vel huic Apro ignotas,
Tac. Or. 28:
ne contra Gai quidem aut Claudii vel Neronis... domum,
id. H. 2, 76:
abscedens in hortos aut Tusculanum vel Antiatem in agrum,
id. A. 14, 3 init.:
dementiae quoque judicia aut propter id quod factum est aut propter id quod adhuc fieri vel non fieri potest instituuntur,
Quint. 7, 4, 29.—
B.
As co-ordinate.
1.
Vel... vel, either... or, be it... or; in gen. (class.; but where the alternatives are necessary and exclusive, that is, where one must be right and the other wrong, aut... aut is used; v. infra, and cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 11, 27): sed hic numquis adest? Pa. Vel adest vel non, i. e. just as you please, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 28 Brix ad loc.:
paucis me misit ad eam... vel ut ducentos Philippos reddat aureos, vel ut hinc eat secum,
id. Bacch. 4, 1, 18 sq.:
ubi illic biberit, vel servato meum modum vel ego dabo,
id. Stich. 5, 4, 37:
vel tu me vende, vel face quod tibi lubet,
id. Pers. 3, 1, 70:
nunc quamobrem huc sum missa, amabo, vel tu mihi ajas, vel neges,
id. Rud. 2, 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 44:
Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros... existimabant, vel vi coacturos, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6:
ut (Romani) vel sibi agros attribuant vel patiantur eos tenere, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 7:
vel sumptuosae vel desidiosae illecebrae,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8:
in omni vel officio vel sermone sollers,
id. ib. 2, 21, 37:
maximum virtutis vel documentum, vel officium,
id. ib. 1, 20, 33:
pace vel Quirini vel Romuli dixerim,
id. Off. 3, 10, 42:
erant quaestiones vel de caede vel de vi,
id. Mil. 5, 13; 7, 20; id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; id. Lig. 6, 17; id. Deiot. 1, 1; 5, 13; id. Brut. 69, 242:
animus vel bello vel paci paratus,
Liv. 1, 1, 8:
hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit vel paci decorum vel bello,
id. 1, 42, 5: Etruriam et Samnium provincias esse;
utram mallet eligeret: suo exercitu se vel in Etruriā vel in Samnio rem gesturum,
id. 10, 19, 9:
gladioque ruptis omnibus loris, oraculi sortem vel elusit vel implevit,
Curt. 3, 1, 18:
nihil illo fuisset excellentius vel in vitiis vel in virtutibus,
Nep. Alcib. 1, 1; 2, 1; id. Milt. 3, 4.—
b.
Connected with aut, but not corresponding to it (cf. infra, 2. e.):
num aut tuum aut cujusquam nostrum nomen vel Caucasum hunc transcendere potuit vel illum Gangem transnatare?
Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 22:
ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?
id. Sen. 16, 57:
si velim scribere quid aut legere aut canere vel voce vel fidibus, aut geometricum quiddam aut physicum aut dialecticum explicare, etc.,
id. Div. 2, 59, 122.—
2.
Esp.
a.
With weakened disjunctive force (nearly = et... et). quemadmodum ille vel Athenis vel Rhodi se doctissimorum hominum sermonibus dedisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 3:
multos sine ratione, sine litteris, quā vel inpudentia vel fames duxit, ruentes,
Quint. 2, 20, 2:
affectus vel illos mites vel hos concitatos in suā potestate habuisse,
id. 10, 1, 48: eadem quaestio potest eundem vel accusatorem facere vel reum, id. 3, 6, 18: et nundina vetera ex ordine instituit, vel dies vel tempora, Lampr Alex. Sev. 43: pestilentia tanta exstiterat vel Romae, vel Achaicis urbibus, ut, etc., Treb. Gall. 5.—
b.
More than twice, either... or... or, etc. tu vel suda, vel peri algu, vel tu aegrota, vel vale, Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 24:
hance tu mihi vel vi vel clam vel precario Fac tradas: meā nil re fert, dum potiar modo,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:
vel in tempestate, vel in agris, vel in corporibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:
vel quod ita vivit vel quod ita rem publicam gerit vel quod ita factus est,
id. Phil. 2, 5, 10:
vel spectator laudum tuarum vel particeps vel socius vel minister consiliorum,
id. Fam. 2, 7, 2; id. Red. Quir. 9, 23;
so eight times,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 6. —
c.
The second (or last) vel strengthened,
(α).
By etiam:
quae vel ad usum vitae vel etiam ad ipsam rem publicam conferre possumus,
or even, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 30; so id. ib. 1, 29, 45; 2, 1, 1; cf.:
ut vel ea defendam, quae Pompejus velit, vel taceam, vel etiam ad nostra me studia referam litterarum,
id. Fam. 1, 8, 3.—
(β).
By vero etiam:
in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis, vel vero etiam negotiis,
Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4.—
(γ).
By omnino: haec vel ad odium, vel ad misericordiam, vel omnino ad animos judicum movendos ex iis quae sunt ante posita, sumentur ( or in general), Cic. Part. Or. 36, 128.—
d.
Rarely after a negative = neque, nor:
neque satis Bruto... vel tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent,
Caes. B. G. 3, 14.—
e.
In irregular construction, without the second vel:
utrumque est in his, quod ab hoc oratore abhorreat: vel quod omnis, qui sapientes non sint, insanos esse dicunt... accedit quod, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 65; id. Att. 11, 7, 5; cf. esp. Lucr. 5, 383 sqq. Munro ad loc. —
f.
Vel... vel = aut... aut:
habere ea, quae secundum naturam sint, vel omnia vel plurima et maxima,
i. e. so nearly all that the difference is unimportant, Cic. Fin. 4, 11, 27; cf.
Madv. ad loc.: cum bonā quidem spe, ut ait idem, vel vincendi vel in libertate moriendi,
id. Att. 7, 9, 4.—For vel... vel, in a subordinate alternative after aut, v. the examples under I. B. 1. b. supra.—
g.
Vel, correl. with aut (post-Aug. and rare):
verborum quoque vis ac proprietas confirmatur vel praesumptione... aut reprehensione,
Quint. 9, 2, 18:
voces... aut productione tantum vel correptione mutatae,
id. 9, 3, 69 (but the line Ov. M. 1, 546, is spurious); so,
aut... aut... vel: ut aut de nomine aut scripto et sententiā vel ratiocinatione quaeratur,
Quint. 3, 6, 72:
aut... aut... aut... aut... vel,
id. 8, 6, 68 sq.; cf.:
ubi regnat Protogenes aliquis vel Diphilus aut Erimarchus,
Juv. 3, 120.
II.
As intens. particle (prop. ellipt., implying an alternative the first member of which is omitted, something else or even this, etc.).
A.
In gen., or even, if you will, or indeed, or... itself, even, assuredly, certainly.
1.
With subst.:
tum opsonium autem pol vel legioni sat est,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 24; id. Capt. 1, 2, 23; id. Curc. 5, 2, 13:
ita me di ament, vel in lautumiis, vel in pistrino mavelim Agere aetatem, Quam, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 5: Ep. Si arte poteris accubare. Ge. Vel inter cuneos ferreos, id. Stich. 4, 2, 39:
vel rex semper maxumas Mihi agebat gratias,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 7:
sed tamen vel regnum malo quam liberum populum,
Cic. Rep. 3, 34, 46:
isto quidem modo vel consulatus vituperabilis est,
id. Leg. 3, 10, 23:
cum se vel principes ejus consilii fore profiterentur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 37:
vel Priamo miseranda manus,
Verg. A. 11, 259:
ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburae,
Juv. 3, 5:
facile me paterer vel illo ipso acerrimo judice quaerente vel apud Cassianos judices... pro Sex. Roscio dicere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 85:
populus Romanus auctoritatem suam vel contra omnes defendere potest,
even if necessary, id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63:
id se probaturum vel ipso Verginio judice,
Liv. 3, 44, 10:
belli necessitatibus eam patientiam non adhibebimus, quam vel lusus ac voluptas elicere solet?
id. 5, 6, 3:
timebant ne Romana plebs... vel cum servitute pacem acciperet,
even if it should involve their enslavement, id. 2, 9, 5.—
2.
With adjj.: Ch. Pax, te tribus verbis volo. Sy. Vel trecentis, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 122: Ca. Ut opperiare hos sex dies saltem modo... Ba. Animo bono es. Vel sex mensis opperibor, id. Ps. 1, 3, 89; cf.: jam hercle vel ducentae [p. 1964] minae, id. ib. 1, 3, 68;
1, 3, 111: hoc ascensu vel tres armati quamlibet multitudinem arcuerint,
Liv. 9, 24, 7: Ph. Dane suavium? Di. Immo vel decem, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22:
ego illum eunuchum, si opus sit, vel sobrius,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 26:
si sit opus, vel totum triduom,
id. ib. 2, 1, 17:
haec sunt omnia ingenii vel mediocris,
Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 119.—
3.
With verbs: namque edepol quamvis desubito vel cadus vorti potest, may even be turned over, i. e. will be empty, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 39:
ubi ego hinc abiero, vel occidito,
if you will, even, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 93:
per me vel stertas licet, inquit Carneades, non modo quiescas,
Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93:
ut ipsis sententiis, quibus proluserunt, vel pugnare possint,
id. de Or. 2, 80, 325:
cum vel abundare debeam, cogor mutuari,
id. Att. 15 15, 3—
4.
With pronn.:
videndum erit, quid quisque vel sine nobis aut possit consequi aut non possit,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:
existiment quod velint, ac vel hoc intellegant,
id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
est tibi ex his ipsis qui assunt bella copia, vel ut a te ipso ordiare,
especially as you can begin with yourself, id. Rep. 2, 40, 67.—
B.
With superlatives, to denote the highest possible degree, the very; the utmost; the most...possible.
1.
With adjj.: hoc invenisset unum ad morbum illum homini vel bellissimum, the very loveliest, the most beautiful possible, Lucil. ap. Non. 527, 28:
vidi in dolore podagrae ipsum vel omnium maximum Stoicorum Posidonium,
Cic. Fragm. ib. 32:
hoc in genere nervorum vel minimum, suavitatis autem est vel plurimum,
the very least... the utmost possible, id. Or. 26, 91:
quarum duarum (civitatum) si adessent (legationes), duo crimina vel maxima minuerentur,
id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 14:
patre meā sententiā vel eloquentissimo temporibus illis,
the most eloquent possible, id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:
quod erat ad obtinendam potentiam nobilium vel maximum, vehementer id retinebatur,
id. Rep. 2, 32, 56:
cujus (sc. Hannibalis) eo tempore vel maxima apud regem auctoritas erat,
Liv. 36, 41, 2:
vident unum senatorem vel tenuissimum esse damnatum,
Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 46:
fora templaque occupabantur, ut vel exspectatissimi triumphi laetitia praecipi posset,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 51:
sed vel potentissima apud Amphictyonas aequi tractatio est,
Quint. 5, 10, 118; 11, 1, 81.—
2.
With advv.:
vel studiosissime quaerere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15:
cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:
vel maxime confirmare,
id. N. D. 2, 65, 162; so,
vel maxime,
id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; id. de Or. 1, 8, 32; id. Att. 9, 12, 3; Quint. 1, 3, 12; 4, 3, 4.—
C.
In adding an instance implying that other instances might be mentioned at will, or this one; for instance, for example, as for example, in particular:
Per pol quam paucos reperias Fideles amatores... Vel hic Pamphilus jurabat quotiens Bacchidi, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 3:
vel heri in vino quam inmodestus fuisti,
id. Heaut. 3, 3, 7: nullast tam facilis res quin difficilis siet Quom invitus facias;
vel me haec deambulatio... ad languorum dedit,
id. ib. 4, 6, 1:
sed suavis accipio litteras, vel quas proxime acceperam, quam prudentis!
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 1:
cujus innumerabilia sunt exempla, vel Appii majoris illius, qui, etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 70, 284.—
D.
Concessive.
1.
With superlatives, perhaps:
adulescens vel potentissimus nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Rosc. A. 2, 6:
domus vel optima Messanae, notissima quidem certe,
the best known, at any rate, if not the finest, id. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3.—
2.
= saltem, at least:
quā re etsi minus veram causam habebis, tamen vel probabilem aliquam poteris inducere,
Cic. Fam. 11, 22, 2:
plurimi semetipsos exhortantur vel aliquas partes earum (scientiarum) addiscere, quamvis universas percipere non possint,
Col. 11, 1, 11:
ac, ni flexisset animos, vel Aegypti praefecturam concedi sibi oraret,
Suet. Ner. 47:
ut messe vel unā releves colla perusta,
Mart. 10, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 8; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vel
32 ille

ille illa, illud, gen. illīus or illius (old forms: dat. ollī, C., V.; plur. ollī, ollīs, C., V.; ollōs, olla, C.), pron dem.—In reference to something remote from the speaker, or near or related to a third person, that: sol me ille admonuit, yon sun: in illā vitā.—As subst, he, she, it: tum ille, Non sum, inquit, etc.: de illius Alexandreā discessu: ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, S.—Opp. to hic, of that which is more remote, or less important: huius (Catonis) facta, illius (Socratis) dicta laudantur: hic enim noster (Ennius)... at vero ille sapiens (Solon).—In partial enumeration: hic et ille, one and another, one or two, a few: non dicam illinc hoc signum ablatum esse et illud.—In emphatic reference: in quibus etiam, sive ille inridens, sive... me proferebat: Sic oculos, sic ille manūs, sic ora ferebat, V.—Praegn., that, the ancient, the well-known, the famous: Antipater ille Sidonius: auditor Panaeti illius: testulā illā multatus est, that well-known custom of ostracism, N.: ille annus egregius: idem ille tyrannus.—In phrases, ille aut ille, such and such, one or another: quaesisse, num ille aut ille defensurus esset.— With quidem, followed by sed, autem, or verum, certainly... but still, to be sure... however, indeed... but yet: philosophi quidam, minime mali illi quidem, sed, etc.: ludo autem et ioco uti illo quidem licet, sed, etc.—Ex illo (sc. tempore), from that time, since then, V., O.
* * *

illa, illud PRON

that; those (pl.); also DEMONST; that person/thing; the well known; the former

Latin-English dictionary > ille
33 nam

I.

but now, on the other hand / surely, for it is certain

II.

conj, for, for example, instance

III.

namque

(conj.) for / for example, for instance / but now, certainly.

Latin-English dictionary of medieval > nam
34 C

C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;
hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > C
35 c

C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;
hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),
Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > c
36 E

E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.
b.
The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).
c.
For i stands ĕ
(α).
in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—
(β).
In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—
(γ).
In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —
(δ).
In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—
(ε).
In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and
(ζ).
In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—
(η).
It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.
d.
It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.
e.
The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.
f.
The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.
g.
The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.
h.
As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.
2.
e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > E
37 e

E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.
b.
The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).
c.
For i stands ĕ
(α).
in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—
(β).
In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—
(γ).
In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —
(δ).
In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—
(ε).
In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and
(ζ).
In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—
(η).
It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.
d.
It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.
e.
The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.
f.
The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.
g.
The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.
h.
As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.
2.
e.. praep., out of, from, v. ex.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > e
38 equidem

ĕquĭdem, adv. [comp. of the interj. ĕ and quidem enclit.; cf. edepol], a demonstrative corroborative particle, verily, truly, indeed, at all events, = certe, revera, etc. (freq. and class.).
I.
In gen.
A.
Without other particles.
1.
With 1. pers. in affirming a fact concerning one's self, or confirming a previous remark;
equidem Sosia Amphitruonis sum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 255; 2, 1, 26; 32: i in malam rem. Mi. Ibi sum equidem, id. Poen. 1, 2, 82:
nihil inquit, equidem novi,
Cic. Div. 1, 6, 11:
equidem et ante hoc tempus te dilexi,
id. Fam. 11, 29, 2:
equidem etiam illud mihi animum advertisse videor,
id. ib. 15, 4, 14; cf. Caes. ap. Gell. 13, 3, 5 al.:
id equidem ego certo scio,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 33;
so with ego,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 19; Cic. Mil. 2, 5, acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 1, 576; Sall. C. 51, 15; id. J. 10, 6 Kritz.; id. ib. 85, 26.—
2.
With the 1. pers. plur.: equidem, ere, nos jam dudum hic te apsentem incusamus, Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 7; so Sall. C. 52, 11 (but not in Cicero, Horace, Vergil, or Quintilian; v. Rib. Lat. Part. p. 37; Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 9).—
3.
With the 2. and 3. perss. sing. (perh. not in Plaut.; v. Ritschl, prol. ad Trin. p. 76 sq.; corrected, quidem, Stich. 2, 2, 5; 4, 1, 48; Mil. 3, 1, 55 Fleck.;
Men. 2, 2, 35 Brix, etc. But quando equidem nec tibi bene esse pote pati, etc., Trin. 2, 2, 71 Ritschl2: atque equidem ipsus ultro venit,
ib. 3, 1, 10 Ritschl2; cf. Rib. Lat. Part. p. 41):
scitis equidem milites, etc.,
Sall. C. 58, 4; cf. Tac. Or. 27; Varr. R. R. 1, 5, 1:
vanum equidem hoc consilium est,
Sall. C. 52, 16.—
4.
With 3. pers. plur.:
equidem innumerabiles mihi videntur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 5:
per me equidem sint omnia alba,
Pers. 1, 110:
equidem si nobis religiones nullae essent,
Liv. 5, 51, 4:
adulescentem equidem dicebant emisse, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 33.—
B.
Sometimes made more emphatic by certe, edepol, ecastor, hercle, etc. (most freq. in Plaut.):
certe equidem noster sum,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 23; so id. Pers. 2, 2, 27; Verg. E. 9, 7; cf.:
equidem certo idem sum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 291:
credo edepol equidem dormire solem,
id. ib. 1, 1, 126:
equidem pol,
id. Most. 1, 3, 22; 29; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 37:
certe equidem edepol,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 38; cf. with 3. pers.:
equidem edepol liberali'st,
id. Pers. 4, 3, 76:
equidem ecastor vigilo,
id. Am. 2, 2, 66; id. Men. 4, 2, 95:
equidem hercle,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 54; id. Ep. 3, 4, 48; id. Mil. 4, 7, 24; id. Men. 3, 2, 39; id. Merc. 2, 1, 40; Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 24.—
II.
In partic.
A.
Certainly, by all means, of course, to be sure, in a concessive sense. Pi. Sine. Ba. Sino equidem, si lubet, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 66; id. Men. 2, 3, 18. Q. Sed perge cetera. M. Pergam equidem, Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69.— So with sed, verum, tamen, etc.:
dixi equidem, sed, etc.,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 59:
sic ego nolim equidem apud rusticos, sed multo minus apud vos,
Cic. de Or. 2, 6 fin.; cf. Liv. 3, 68:
quibus epistolis sum equidem abs te lacessitus ad scribendum, sed, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 13 al.; cf.
with foll. verum,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 40 (with ego); Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 34; Cic. Fam. 16, 16;
with verumtamen,
id. ib. 12, 30, 3;
with tamen,
Liv. 4, 3; Plin. Pan. 31;
with sed tamen,
Cic. de Sen. 10, 32; id. Fam. 9, 13, 4; 11, 14, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4; Hor. S. 2, 1, 79 al.;
with ceterum,
Curt. 4, 12, 20.—
B.
Sometimes with pregn. reference to the speaker, for my part, as far as I am concerned: equidem me Caesaris militem dici volui;
vos me, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:
equidem doleo non me tuis litteris certiorem fieri,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:
quod equidem sciam,
Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 91; cf. id. 2, 98, 101, § 220.—Cf. Hand Turs. II. pp. 422-437.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > equidem
39 jam

jam, adv. [for diam, collat. form of diem, cf. pri-dem, du-dum, Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 213; II. p. 850; but acc. to Curt. Gr. Etym. 398, 620; locat. form from pronom. stem ja].
I.
Of time, denoting a point or moment of time as coinciding with that of the action, etc., described.
A.
Of present time.
1.
As opp. to past or future, at this time, now, just now, at present, i. e. while I speak or write this.
a.
Jam alone:
jamne autem, ut soles, deludis?
Plaut. Aul. 5, 11:
jam satis credis sobrium esse me,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 36:
saltus reficit jam roscida luna,
Verg. G. 3, 337:
jam tenebris et sole cadente,
id. ib. 3, 401:
jamque dies, ni fallor, adest,
id. A. 5, 49:
jam advesperascit,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 2:
reddere qui voces jam scit puer,
Hor. A. P. 158: stabat modo consularis, modo septemvir epulonum;
jam neutrum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 12:
jam melior, jam, diva, precor,
Verg. A. 12, 179:
Hem, scio jam quod vis dicere,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 36:
in ea (consuetudine) quaedam sunt jura ipsa jam certa propter vetustatem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67:
jam tempus agi,
Verg. A. 5, 638:
surgere jam tempus,
Cat. 62, 3.—
b.
Strengthened.
(α).
By repetition: jam jam, jam jamque (nearly = nunc), at this very time, precisely now:
jam jam intellego, Crasse, quod dicas,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 90:
jam jam minime miror te otium perturbare,
id. Phil. 2, 34, 87:
jam jam dolet quod egi, jam jamque paenitet,
Cat. 63, 73:
jam jam linquo acies,
Verg. A. 12, 875:
jam jamque video bellum,
Cic. Att. 16, 9 fin.:
at illum ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,
id. ib. 7, 20, 1; cf.:
jam mihi, jam possim contentus vivere parvo,
Tib. 1, 1, 25 (7).—
(β).
By nunc: jam nunc, just now, at this very time, as things now are:
jam nunc irata non es,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 65:
dux, jam nunc locatus in urbe,
Liv. 22, 38, 9; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 127:
quae cum cogito, jam nunc timeo quidnam, etc.,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:
deliberationis ejus tempus ita jam nunc statui posse, etc.,
Liv. 31, 32, 3:
ipsa Venus laetos jam nunc migravit in agros,
Tib. 2, 3, 3:
nec jam nunc regina loquor,
Val. Fl. 8, 47; so,
nunc jam (nunciam): secede huc nunciam,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 23:
audi nunciam,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 29:
i nunciam,
id. Ad. 2, 1, 21: nunc jam sum expeditus, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 5:
nunc jam nobis vobisque consulatus patet,
Liv. 7, 32, 14.—
(γ).
By tum:
jam tum opifices funguntur munere,
Plin. 11, 21, 24, § 74; Verg. G. 2, 405; id. A. 1, 18.—
(δ).
By pridem, v. jampridem.—
2.
In contrast with the time at which something was expected.
a.
Of that which occurs sooner, already, so soon:
quies (animos) aut jam exhaustos aut mox exhauriendos, renovavit,
Liv. 21, 21, 7:
gravitate valetudinis, qua tamen jam paululum videor levari,
Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1; 3, 8, 16:
jamne ibis,
are you going so soon, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 86; id. Rud. 2, 7, 26.—
b.
Of that which occurs later, at last, now, only now:
ohe jam desine deos uxor gratulando obtundere,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 8:
postulo, Dave, ut redeat jam in viam,
id. And. 1, 2, 19:
jamque sero diei subducit ex acie legionem faciendis castris,
Tac. A. 2, 21:
jam sanguinis alti vis sibi fecit iter,
Luc. 2, 214.—Tandem or aliquando is often added:
jam tandem ades ilico,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 39:
putamus enim utile esse te aliquando jam rem transigere,
Cic. Att. 1, 4, 1:
jam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras,
Verg. A. 6, 61; Liv. 22, 12, 10.—
3.
As continued from the past, already, by this time, ere now, till now, hitherto:
et apud Graecos quidem jam anni prope quadrigenti sunt, etc.,
Cic. Or. 51, 171:
obsolevit jam ista oratio,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52:
nondum feminam aequavimus gloriā, et jam nos laudis satietas cepit?
Curt. 9, 6, 23.—With numerals and words specifying time:
jam biennium est, cum mecum coepit rem gerere,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 35; so,
plus jam anno,
id. Curc. 1, 1, 14:
sunt duo menses jam,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 8:
qui septingentos jam annos vivunt, etc.,
id. Fl. 26, 63:
annum jam tertium et vicesimum regnat,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; id. Fin. 2, 29, 94.—
4.
With imperatives, to express haste or impatience, like Engl. now, now, straightway, at once:
quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? Jam parce sepulto,
Verg. A. 3, 41:
sed jam age, carpe viam,
id. ib. 6, 629:
et jam tu... illum adspice contra,
id. ib. 11, 373.—So in impetuous or passionate questions (freq. in Plaut.):
Jam tu autem nobis praeturam geris?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 23; cf. id. Aul. 5, 11; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 25.—
5.
Jam... jam, at one time... at another, now... now, at this time... at that:
jamque eadem digitis jam pectine pulsat eburno,
Verg. A. 647:
jamque hos cursu, jam praeterit illos,
id. ib. 4, 157:
qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 20:
jam vino quaerens, jam somno fallere curas,
id. ib. 2, 7, 114:
jam secundae, jam adversae res, ita erudierant, etc.,
Liv. 30, 30; Tib. 1, 2, 49; Ov. M. 1, 111.—
B.
Of past time.
1.
In the time just past, but now, a moment ago, a little while ago, just:
videamus nunc quam sint praeclare illa his, quae jam posui, consequentia,
Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:
Arsinoë et jam dicta Memphis,
Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61:
insulae praeter jam dictas,
id. 3, 26, 30, § 151:
hiems jam praecipitaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 1:
domum quam tu jam exaedificatam habebas,
Cic. Att. 1, 6, 1.—
2.
Like English now, by this time, already.
a.
Alone:
jam advesperascebat,
Liv. 39, 50:
Hannibalem movisse ex hibernis, et jam Alpes transire,
id. 27, 39:
et jam fama volans... domos et moenia complet,
Verg. A. 11, 139; 12, 582; Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 6, 6:
jamque rubescebat Aurora,
Verg. A. 3, 521; 10, 260:
ut semel inclinavit pugna, jam intolerabilis Romana vis erat,
Liv. 6, 32:
cum decimum jam diem graviter ex intestinis laborarem,
Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1.—
b.
Strengthened.
(α).
Jam jamque, Verg. A. 8, 708.—
(β).
By tum, as early as that:
se jam tum gessisse pro cive,
Cic. Arch. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 1; Verg. 7, 738; Tac. Agr. 45.—
(γ).
By tunc (post-Aug.;
once in Cic.),
Suet. Aug. 89; id. Ner. 7; Tac. H. 4, 50; Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3 dub.—
3.
Of a time succeeding another time referred to, from that time, thenceforth, thereafter (esp. with a or ab, when it is often = Eng. even, very):
qui aequom esse censent nos jam a pueris nasci senes,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2:
quae me maxime sicuti jam a prima adolescentia delectarunt,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 67:
benevolentia quae mihi jam a pueritia tua cognita est,
id. ib. 4, 7, 1:
dederas enim jam ab adolescentia documenta,
id. Mil. 8, 22: jam ab illo tempore, cum, etc., from the very time when, etc., id. Fam. 2, 16, 9; cf.:
urgerent philosophorum greges jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,
id. de Or. 1, 10, 42. —So with ex:
jam ex quo ipse accepisset regnum,
ever since, Liv. 42, 11, 8.—
C.
Of future time.
1.
In the time immediately approaching, forthwith, straightway, directly, presently:
occlude sis fores ambobus pessulis: jam ego hic ero,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 25:
ille jam hic aderit,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 72: omitte;
jam adero,
Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 26; cf. id. ib. 4, 6, 1; id. And. 1, 2, 9; 4, 4, 38: bono animo es;
jam argentum ad eam deferes, quod ei es pollicitus,
id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18:
facere id ut paratum jam sit,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76:
jam fuerit, neque post unquam revocare licebit,
Lucr. 3, 927:
jam faciam quod voltis,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 16:
jam enim aderunt consules ad suas Nonas,
Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2.—
2.
In the time immediately succeeding another time referred to, forthwith, at once, straightway, then:
nunc ubi me illic non videbit, jam huc recurret,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 10:
accede ad ignem... jam calesces,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 5:
nisi puerum tollis, jam ego hunc in mediam viam provolvam,
id. And. 4, 4, 38:
de quibus jam dicendi locus erit, cum de senioribus pauca dixero,
Cic. Brut. 25, 96:
agedum, dictatorem creemus. Jam hic centicescet furor,
Liv. 2, 29, 11:
aperi, inquit, jam scies,
Petr. 16, 2; cf. Verg. A. 1, 272.—
3.
Representing as present an impending event, now, already, presently (mostly poet.):
jam te premet nox,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 16:
jam veniet mors, jam subrepet iners aetas,
Tib. 1, 1, 70:
jam mare turbari trabibus videbis, jam fervere litora flammis,
Verg. A. 4, 566; 6, 676:
alius Latio jam partus Achilles,
id. ib. 6, 89:
hic magnae jam locus urbis erit,
Tib. 2, 5, 55.—
D.
With negatives, denoting cessation of previous condition: jam non, no more, no longer:
quem odisse jam non potestis,
Cic. Clu. 10, 29; Ov. M. 4, 382:
non jam,
not any more, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:
nihil jam,
Caes. B. G. 2, 21.—
E.
With comparatives:
ad mitiora jam ingenia,
which had become milder, Liv. 27. 39:
ad ferociores jam gentes,
which then were less civilized, id. 21, 60:
una jam potior sententia,
Stat. Th. 2, 368.
II.
In other relations.
A.
To denote that something will certainly, properly, or easily occur, under certain circumstances.
1.
In a conclusion, to emphasize its relation to the condition, then surely, then:
si cogites, remittas jam me onerare injuriis,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 6: si quis voluerit animi sui [p. 1012] notionem evolvere, jam se ipse doceat, eum virum bonum esse, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76:
si hoc dixissem, jam mihi consuli jure optimo senatus vim intulisset,
id. Cat. 1, 8, 21; id. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Brut. 17, 68:
si jubeat eo dirigi, jam in portu fore omnem classem,
Liv. 29, 27, 8.—
2.
In a consequence, to show that it is conceived as immediate, now, then, therefore: satis est tibi in te, satis in legibus;
jam contemni non poteris,
Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:
jam hoc non potest in te non honorifice esse dictum,
id. Fam. 5, 2, 2; id. Leg. 2, 24, 60; id. Clu. 16, 46:
nec hanc solam Romani meretricem colunt... Jam quanta ista immortalitas putanda est,
Lact. 1, 20, 5:
Quae cum ita sint, ego jam hinc praedico,
Liv. 40, 36, 14: conspecta et ex muris ea multitudo erat;
jamque etiam legionariae cohortes sequebantur,
id. 10, 43, 1.—
B.
In transitions.
1.
To a new subject, now, moreover, again, once more then:
jam de artificiis et quaestibus... haec fere accepimus,
Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150; Verg. G. 2, 57:
jam jura legitima ex legibus cognosci oportebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68:
jam illud senatus consultum, quod eo die factum est, etc.,
id. Fam. 5, 2, 4:
jam Saliare Numae carmen qui laudat,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 86. —So with vero:
jam vero motus animi, sollicitudines aegritudinesque oblivione leniuntur,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 110:
jam vero virtuti Cn. Pompei quae potest par oratio inveniri?
id. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 29; 14, 41; id. Off. 3, 13 init. —With at enim:
at enim jam dicetis virtutem non posse constitui, si ea, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 40 init. —
2.
In enumerations:
et aures... itemque nares... jam gustatus... tactus autem,
Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141.—So sometimes repeatedly, at one time... at another... at another, jam... jam... jam:
jam medici, jam apparatus cibi, jam in hoc solum importatum instrumentum balinei nullius non succurrit valetudini,
Vell. 2, 114, 2; cf. Flor. 2, 17, 8, and I. A. 5. supra.—
C.
For emphasis.
1.
After non modo... sed ( = adeo), now, even, I may say:
non cum senatu modo, sed jam cum diis bellum gerere,
Liv. 21, 63, 6.—
2.
Pressing the strict sense of a word or clause, now, precisely, indeed:
(Hieronymum) quem jam cur Peripateticum appellem, nescio,
Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14:
hoc quidem haud molestum est jam, quod collus collari caret,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 107:
loquor enim jam non de sapientium, sed de communibus amicitiis,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:
te quoque jam, Thais, ita me di bene ament, amo,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 43:
imitatio morum alienorum... jam inter leniores affectus numerari potest,
Quint. 9, 2, 58:
reliqua jam aequitatis sunt,
id. 7, 1, 62:
cetera jam fabulosa,
Tac. G. 46:
desine: jam venio moriturus,
Verg. A. 10, 881.—So esp. with et: et jam (cf. etiam), and indeed, and in fact, et lenitas illa Graecorum et verborum comprehensio, et jam artifex, ut ita dicam, stilus, Cic. Brut. 25, 96:
pulchriora etiam Polycleti et jam plane perfecta,
id. ib. 18, 70:
Pompeium et hortari et orare et jam liberius accusare non desistimus,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 3; Quint. Decl. 5, 3; Luc. 8, 659; cf.
jamque,
Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 9; so,
jam et: nec deerat Ptolemaeus, jam et sceleris instinctor,
Tac. H. 1, 23; 1, 22;
and, ac jam: ac jam, ut omnia contra opinionem acciderent, tamen se plurimum navibus posse,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9: jam ergo, in very fact:
jam ergo aliquis condemnavit,
Cic. Clu. 41, 113.—
3.
In climax, even, indeed, really:
opus Paniceis, opus Placentinis quoque... jam maritumi omnes milites opus sunt mihi,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 59:
jam illa quae natura, non litteris, assecuti sunt, neque cum Graecia neque ulla cum gente sunt conferenda,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:
jam in opere quis par Romano miles?
Liv. 9, 19, 8; Quint. 12, 1, 45; Cic. Rep. 1, 5; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > jam
40 prorsus

1.
prorsus (collat. form prōsus, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 2; Enn. ap. Non. 165, 11; Trag. Rel. p. 28 Rib.; but p. 107 Vahl. reads prorsus), adv. [for pro-versus].
I.
Forwards (ante-class.):
non prorsus, verum transvorsus cedit, quasi cancer solet,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 45.—
II.
Straight on, right onwards, directly (ante- and post-class.), Cato ap. Fest. p. 234 Müll.:
tunc Arionem prorsus ex eo loco Corinthum petivisse,
Gell. 16, 19, 17.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Straightway, by all means, certainly, truly, precisely, utterly, absolutely (class.):
prorsus perii,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 27:
vide ne ille huc prorsus se inruat,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 11; 3, 2, 26:
prorsus tacere nequeo,
id. Hec. 4, 4, 51: ita [p. 1474] prorsus existimo, Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:
nullo modo potest fleri prosus,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 2:
nullo modo prorsus assentior,
Cic. N. D. 3, 8, 21; id. Att. 13, 45, 1:
verbum prorsus nullum intellego,
not a single word, id. de Or. 2, 14, 61:
venies exspectatus non solum nobis, sed prorsus omnibus,
id. Fam. 4, 10, 1:
affatim prorsus,
id. Att. 16, 1, 5:
prorsus vehementer et severe,
id. ib. 16, 15, 2:
hoc mihi prorsus valde placet,
id. Fam. 6, 20, 2; Plin. 14, 5, 7, § 58.—Ironically:
grati prorsus conjugibus revertemur,
Curt. 5, 5, 13.—
2.
Exactly, just, precisely:
set ea prorsus opportuna Catilinae,
Sall. C. 16, 5; Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 dub.;
v. Müll. ad h. l.: prorsus quasi,
precisely as if, Just. 1, 7, 16.—
3.
After an enumeration of particulars, in short, in fine, in a word: igitur colos exsanguis, foedi oculi: citus modo, modo tardus incessus;
prorsus in facie vultuque vecordia inerat,
Sall. C. 15, 5; 25, 5; id. J. 23, 1; 30, 3 al.
2.
prorsus (collat. form prōsus; v. II.), a, um, adj. [for pro-versus].
I.
Straightforwards, right onwards, straight, direct (post-Aug.):
prorso tramite siste gradus (al. proso),
Avien. 3:
prorsi limites appellantur in agrorum mensuris, qui ad orientem directi sunt,
Fest. p. 234, and Paul. ex Fest. p. 235 Müll.—
II.
Trop., of style, straightforwards, i. e. prosaic, in prose, opp. to verse (post-class.): prorsum est porro versum, id est ante versum. Hinc et prorsa oratio, quam non inflexit cantilena, Don. Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 14:
et prorsa et vorsa facundia veneratus sum,
in prose and verse, App. Flor. 4, p. 361, 36.—In this sense predominant (but not found in Cic.) in the form prosa oratio, prose, =soluta oratio, Quint. 1, 5, 18; 11, 2, 39:
prosa eloquentia,
Vell. 1, 17, 3; Sen. ap. Gell. 12, 2, 6; Col. 11, 1, 1; Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 112.— Subst.: prōsa, ae, f., prose, Quint. 1, 8, 2; 8, 6, 17; 20; 9, 4, 52 et saep.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > prorsus

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