boiling+up

exaestŭātĭo, ōnis, f. [exaestuo], a boiling up, a fermentation (post-class.).

Lit., Sol. 5, 17.—

Trop.:

animi,

Non. 464, 10.

fervesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [ferveo], to become boiling hot, to begin to boil, begin to glow, to grow hot.

Lit. (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

possent seriae fervescere,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 9:

fervescens materia,

Plin. 33, 6, 35, § 107:

terrae sole,

Lucr. 6, 851:

summa pars corporis,

id. 6, 1164:

ventus mobilitate sua,

id. 6, 177:

ventorum validis fervescunt viribus undae,

boil up, id. 3, 491.— —

Trop.:

(animus) in ira cum fervescit,

Lucr. 3, 289. [p. 742]

ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1. 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.;

aquae, as trisyl.,

Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Mess-api-oi and gê Api-a, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ôkus, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].

A.. Water, in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew):

aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant,

Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20:

pluvialis,

rain-water, Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so,

aquae pluviae,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol., Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so,

caelestes aquae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so,

aquae de nubibus,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water, ib. Job, 9, 30:

fluvialis,

river-water, Col. 6, 22; so,

aqua fluminis,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

aquaï fons,

Lucr. 5, 602:

fons aquae,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 13:

fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae,

Verg. A. 11, 495:

fluvius aquae,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1:

rivus aquae,

Verg. E. 8, 87:

rivi aquarum,

Vulg. Isa. 32, 2:

torrens aquae,

ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water, Fr. eau douce, Lucr. 6, 890:

fons aquae dulcis,

Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.:

aquae dulces,

Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so,

aquae maris,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19:

dulcis et amara aqua,

ib. Jac. 3, 11:

perennis,

never-failing, Liv. 1, 21; and plur.:

quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes,

Cic. Verr. 4, 107:

aqua profluens,

running-water, id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so,

currentes aquae,

Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so,

aqua viva,

living-water, Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.:

aquae vivae,

ib. Num. 19, 17;

and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva,

ib. Joan. 4, 10; so,

vitae,

ib. Apoc. 22, 17:

aquae viventes,

ib. Lev. 14, 5:

stagna aquae,

standing-water, Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2:

aquae de puteis,

well-water, Vulg. Num. 20, 17:

aqua de cisternā,

cisternwater, ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so,

aqua cisternae,

ib. Isa. 36, 16:

aquae pessimae,

ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19:

aqua recens,

Verg. A. 6, 636:

turbida,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

crassa,

ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20:

munda,

ib. Heb. 10, 22:

purissima,

ib. Ezech. 34, 18:

aquae calidae,

warm-water, ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol.:

calida,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22;

and contr.: calda,

Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water:

aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 67:

aqua frigida,

cold-water, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol.:

frigida,

Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol.:

decocta,

Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.—

Particular phrases.

Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast, to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).—

Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage, to animate, refresh, revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon):

ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.—

Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life:

non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one, to exclude from civil society, to banish, Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in [p. 148] Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like gên kai hudôr aitein), to demand submission, Liv. 35, 17:

aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis,

Curt. 3, 10, 8.— Provv.

Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï

sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita,

you can't find two peas more like, Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq. —

In aquā scribere = kath hudatos graphein, to write in water, of something transient, useless:

cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā,

Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats' epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).—

Water, in a more restricted sense.

The sea:

coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur,

on the sea-coast, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83:

laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 30:

findite remigio aquas!

id. F. 3, 586.— Trop.: Venimus in portum... Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas:

To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new),

Ov. F. 2, 864.—

= la. cus, a lake:

Albanae aquae deductio,

Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin. —

A stream, a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48:

alii in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27:

sonitus multarum aquarum,

of many streams, Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6:

lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum,

along the watercourses, ib. Psa. 1, 3.—

Rain:

cornix augur aquae,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 12:

deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis,

Ov. F. 3, 286:

multā terra madescit aquā,

id. ib. 6, 198:

aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt,

heavy rains, a flood, inundation, Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.—

In the plur., medicinal springs, waters, baths.

In gen.:

ad aquas venire,

Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

aquae caldae,

Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.:

aquae calidae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

aquae medicatae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25:

aquae Salutiferae,

Mart. 5, 1.—Hence,

As prop. noun, Waters. Some of the most important were.

Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres, in Etruria, prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano, Tab. Peut.—

Ăquae Aurēlĭae, in the Black Forest in Germany, now Baden-Baden, Inscr.—

Ăquae Baiae, in Campania, Prop. 1, 11, 30; earlier called Ăquae Cūmānae, Liv. 41, 16.—

Ăquae Călĭdae,

In Britain, now Bath; also called Ăquae Sōlis, Itin Anton.—

In Zeugitana on the Gulf of Carthage, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9; Tab. Peut.—

In Gallia, now Vichy on the Allier, Tab. Theod.—

Ăquae Cĭcĕrōnĭānae, at Cicero's villa at Puteoli, Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 6.—

Ăquae Mattĭăcae, among the Mattiaci in Germany, now Wiesbaden, Amm. 29, 4, also called Fontes Mattĭăci in Plin. 31, 2, 17, § 20.—

Ăquae Sextĭae, near Massilia, once a famous watering-place, now Aix, Liv Epit 61; Vell. 1, 15; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.—

Ăquae Tauri or Tauri Thermae, in Etruria, now Bagni di Ferrata, Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52. V. Smith, Dict. Geog., s. v. Aquae.—

The water in the water-clock. From the use of this clock in regulating the length of speeches, etc. (cf. clepsydra), arose the tropical phrases,

Aquam dare, to give the advocate time for speaking, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 7.—

Aquam perdere, to spend time unprofitably, to waste it, Quint. 11, 3, 52.—

Aqua haeret, the water stops, i.e. I am at a loss, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hac causā mihi aqua haeret,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 7.—

Aqua intercus, the water under the skin of a dropsical person;

hence, as med. t.,

the dropsy, Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 3:

medicamentum ad aquam intercutem dare,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

decessit morbo aquae intercutis,

Suet. Ner 5; cf. Cels. 2, 8.— Trop.: aquam in animo habere intercutem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 37, 3.—

Aqua, the name of a constellation, Gr. Hudôr:

hae tenues stellae perhibentur nomine Aquāī,

Cic. Arat. 179 (as translation of tous pantas kaleousin Hudôr); v. Orell. ad h. l.

inflātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a blowing itself up, swelling up.

Lit., of boiling water, Vitr. 8, 3.—

Transf., of the body; med. t. t., a swelling or puffing up, inflation, flatulence:

habet inflationem magnam is cibus (faba),

produces flatulence, Cic. Div. 1, 30, 62:

inflationem stomachi facit,

Col. 12, 11, 2; Cels. 2, 26:

mala dulcia inflationes pariunt,

Plin. 23, 6, 57, § 106:

inflationes discutere,

id. 23, 4, 4, § 128:

inflationem sedare,

id. 23, 4, 40, § 81:

in nostris corporibus ex cibo fit inflatio,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 4.—

An inflammation, i. q. inflammatio:

praecordiorum,

Suet. Aug. 81; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 104.

mădĕo, ŭi, ēre, v. n. [Gr. madaô, to drip; cf. Sanscr. mad-, to be merry; Gr. mastos and mestos], to be wet or moist, to drip or flow with any thing (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

natabant pavimenta vino, madebant parietes,

Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105:

Persae unguento madent,

Plin. 13, 1, 1, § 3:

plurima fuso Sanguine terra madet,

Verg. A. 12, 690:

vere madent udo terrae,

id. G. 3, 429:

radix suco madet,

Plin. 22, 12, 14, § 29:

lacrimis madent genae,

are moistened, bedewed, Ov. A. A. 3, 378:

cruore maduit,

id. M. 13, 389:

nec umquam sanguine causidici maduerunt rostra pusilli,

Juv. 10, 121: metu, to sweat or melt with fear, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 48.—

In partic.

To be drenched with wine, to be drunk, intoxicated:

membra vino madent,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 2:

ecquid tibi videor madere?

id. Most. 1, 4, 7:

madide madere,

id. Ps. 5, 2, 7:

festā luce madere,

Tib. 2, 1, 29. — Poet.:

tardescit lingua, madet mens, Nant oculi (of a drunken man),

his senses fail, Lucr. 3, 479.—

To be softened by boiling, to be boiled, sodden (mostly in Plaut. and Verg.):

jam ergo haec madebunt, faxo,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 51:

collyrae facite ut madeant et colyphia,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 12:

ut, quamvis igni exiguo, properata maderent,

Verg. G. 1, 196:

comedam, inquit, flebile nati sinciput Pharioque madentis aceto,

Juv. 13, 85; cf.: commadeo, madesco.—

Transf., to be full of, to overflow with, to abound in any thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

madeant generoso pocula Baccho,

be filled up to the brim, Tib. 3, 6, 5:

madent fercula deliciis,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 76:

Caecubae vites in Pomptinis paludibus madent,

Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 31:

arte madent simulacra,

Lucr. 4, 792:

quamquam Socraticis madet Sermonibus,

is full of, familiar with, Hor. C. 3, 21, 9; cf.:

cujus Cecropia pectora voce madent,

i. e. perfectly versed in the Greek language, Mart. 7, 69, 2. —Hence, mădens, entis, P. a.

Lit., wet, moist.

In gen.:

madentes spongiae,

Plin. 9, 45, 69, § 149: campi, wet, marshy (corresp. to paludes), Tac. H. 5, 17:

vestis madens sanguine,

dripping, Quint. 6, 1, 31:

nix sole madens,

i. e. melting, Ov. H. 13, 52:

umor sudoris per collum,

flowing, Lucr. 6, 1187:

crinis,

flowing, abundant, Verg. A. 4, 216:

Auster,

i. e. rainy, Sen. Herc. Oet. 71; so,

bruma,

Mart. 10, 5, 6:

deus,

i. e. Neptune, Stat. S. 4, 8, 8:

Lamiarum caede,

reeking with, Juv. 4, 154.—

In partic., drunk, intoxicated:

mersus vino et madens,

Sen. Ep. 83; so absol.:

distentus ac madens,

Suet. Claud. 33; cf.:

ille meri veteris per crura madentia torrens,

Juv. 6, 319.—

Transf., full, filled, imbued with something: jure madens, full of, i. e. skilled in law, Mart. 7, 51, 5:

intercutibus ipsi vitiis madentes,

full of, Gell. 13, 8 fin.:

cui felle nullo, melle multo mens madens,

Aus. Prof. 15.

mītĭgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [mitis-ago], to make mild, soft, or tender, make ripe or mellow; to make tame, to tame (class.).

Lit.:

cum aestivā maturitate alia mitigaverit, alia torruerit,

Cic. Rep. 4, 1, 6 (cited ap. Non. 343, 21):

mitiget auctumnus, quod maturaverit aestas,

Aus. Idyll. 8: cibum, to make soft or tender, to soften by boiling or roasting, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151.—Comically: misero mihi mitigabat sandalio caput, mellowed, broke, Turp. ap. Non. l. l.:

hic, qui dura sedens porrecto saxa leone Mitigat,

i. e. makes soft for sitting on by spreading over them a lion's skin, Mart. 9, 44, 2:

Indus agros, laetificat et mitigat,

to make fruitful, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130:

vina diluendo,

Plin. 14, 22, 29, § 149:

silvestres arbores,

id. 17, 10, 12, § 66:

amaritudinem frugum,

to soften, mitigate, id. 18, 16, 40, § 141:

cervicum duritias,

id. 20, 22, 92, § 250:

rabiem suum,

id. 10, 63, 83, § 182:

pilos,

to thin, id. 35, 6, 19, § 37:

animal,

to tame, Sen. Ben. 1, 3:

valetudinem temperantia,

to mitigate, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 9.—

Trop., to make mild or gentle, to pacify, soothe, calm, assuage, appease, mitigate:

animum alicujus,

Cic. Balb. 26, 57:

te aetas mitigabit,

id. Mur. 31, 65:

iras,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 15:

querimonias, Col. praef.: tristitiam ac severitatem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 58, 236; cf.:

acerbam severitatem condimentis humanitatis,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7:

dolores,

id. Att. 3, 15, 2:

labores,

id. de Or. 3, 4, 14:

aliquem pecuniā,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

temporum atrocitatem,

Suet. Tib. 48:

acrimonia mitigabitur laude,

Auct. Her. 4, 37, 50: aures, to soothe with explanatory representations, Quint. 12, 1, 14:

metus,

id. 12, 2, 28:

feritatem animalium,

Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 167: alicui aliquem, to reconcile:

Hannibalem Romanis,

Just. 31, 4, 4; cf.:

vix revocanti patri mitigatus est,

id. 9, 7, 6.—Hence, mītĭganter, adv., in a soothing manner; in order to soothe, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 1, 13; 4, 3, 62; id. Acut. 1, 11, 76.

pustŭla, ae, f. [pus; cf. pusula].

Upon the skin, a blister, pimple, pustule:

eruptiones quaedam pustularum, et ulcuscula,

Sen. Ep. 72, 6; Plin. 20, 22, 87, § 238; 20, 13, 51, § 141 (pusula in both cases, Jahn); Tib. 2, 3, 9 (passula, M.); Mart. 11, 98.—

Upon other things, a bubble, blister, e. g. in boiling water, in lime, on earthen-ware, etc., Vitr. 7, 2; Plin. 20, 18, 86, § 203 (pusula, Jahn); 37, 7, 26, § 98 (pusulis, Jahn); Mart. 8, 51, 6.

spīro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [etym. dub.].

Neutr., to breathe, blow, etc. (cf. flo).

Lit.

In gen. (only poet. and in postAug. prose):

freta circum Fervescunt graviter spirantibus incita flabris,

Lucr. 6, 428; Ov. M. 7, 532:

obturatis, quā spiraturus est ventus, cavernis,

Plin. 8, 38, 58, § 138:

emicat ex oculis, spiratque e pectore flamma,

breathes forth, bursts forth, Ov. M. 8, 356:

aequatae spirant aurae,

Verg. A. 5, 844:

graviter spirantis copia thymbrae,

strongscented, Verg. G. 4, 31; cf.:

semper odoratis spirabunt floribus arae,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 211:

seu spirent cinnama surdum,

emit a slight fragrance, Pers. 6, 35:

quā vada non spirant, nec fracta remurmurat unda,

roar, rage, Verg. A. 10, 291; cf.:

fervet fretis spirantibus aequor,

boiling up, foaming, id. G. 1, 327.—

In partic., to breathe, draw breath, respire (the class. signif. of the word; cf.

anhelo): cum spirantes mixtas hinc ducimus auras,

Lucr. 6, 1129:

quae deseri a me, dum quidem spirare potero, nefas judico,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94:

ne spirare quidem sine metu possunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65; id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

vehementer et crebro spirare,

Cels. 2, 4:

querulum spirat,

breathes plaintively, Mart. 2, 26, 1.—

Transf.

Like the Engl. to breathe, = to live, be alive (usu. in the part. pres.):

sunt qui ab eo (Clodio) spirante forum putent potuisse defendi, cujus non restiterit cadaveri curia (corresp. to vivus),

Cic. Mil. 33, 91:

ut in vivi etiam et spirantis capite bustum imponeret,

id. Dom. 52, 134; cf.:

margarita viva ac spirantia saxis avelli,

Tac. Agr. 12 fin.:

Catilina inter hostium cadavera repertus est, paululum etiam spirans,

Sall. C. 61, 4:

spirantia consulit exta,

still panting, Verg. A. 4, 64:

artus,

Luc. 3, 732:

corpora,

id. 1, 363:

non sunt ausi admovere (corpori), velut spiranti, manus,

Curt. 10, 10, 13; Sil. 2, 430; cf. in verb. finit.:

spirant venae corque adhuc paviduin salit,

Sen. Thyest. 756.—

Of aspirated letters:

quibus (litteris) nullae apud eos dulcius spirant,

sound, Quint. 12, 10, 27.—

Trop.

(Acc. to I. A. 1.) To be favorable, to favor (the fig. taken from a favorable wind):

quod si tam facilis spiraret Cynthia nobis,

Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 5:

di maris et terrae... spirate secundi,

Verg. A. 3, 529.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) To breathe, live, be alive:

videtur Laelii mens spirare etiam in scriptis, Galbae autem vis occidisse,

Cic. Brut. 24, 94; cf.:

spirat adhuc amor Vivuntque calores Aeoliae puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 10.—Of life-like representations by painting, sculpture, etc.:

excudent alii spirantia mollius aera,

Verg. A. 6, 847:

Parii lapidis spirantia signa,

id. G. 3, 34:

spirat et arguta picta tabella manu,

Mart. 7, 84, 2; 11, 10, 7.—

To be poetically inspired, to have the lyric spirit:

quod spiro, et placeo, si placeo, tuum est,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 24 (Orell. ad loc.).—

Spirare alte, altius, to be puffed up, proud, or arrogant, Flor. 2, 2, 27:

Eusebium alte spirantem addixere poenae,

Amm. 22, 3, 12.—

Act., to breathe out, exhale, emit (mostly poet. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.; syn. exhalo).

Lit.:

Diomedis equi spirantes naribus ignem,

Lucr. 5, 29:

flammam spirantes ore Chimaerae,

id. 2, 705; so,

flammas spirantes boves,

Liv. 22, 17:

flamina,

Ov. F. 4, 18:

Zephyros spirare secundos,

Verg. A. 4, 562:

tenuem animam,

to breathe feebly, Val. Fl. 4, 436:

ambrosiaeque comae divinum vertice odorem Spiravere,

exhaled, Verg. A. 1, 404; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 81.—

Trop., to breathe forth, exhale:

pinguia Poppaeana,

Juv. 6, 466:

mendacia,

id. 7, 111:

ut vidit vastos telluris hiatus Divinam spirare fidem (i. e. oracula),

Luc. 5, 83.—

To breathe into:

ficto Corpori animam,

Lact. 2, 11, 3.—

Transf., like the Engl. to breathe, i. e. to be full of; to show, express, manifest; to design, intend a thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): tantum spirantes aequo certamine bellum. [p. 1744] Lucr. 5, 392:

mollem spirare quietem,

Prop. 1, 3, 7:

quae spirabat amores,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 19:

inquietum hominem et tribunatum etiam nunc spirantem,

Liv. 3, 46:

fratris facta spirans,

imitating, Sil. 15, 411; cf.:

fratrem spirat in armis,

id. 3, 740:

spirantes proelia dira effigies,

id. 17, 398.— Often with neutr. adj. used adverb.:

magnum,

Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 53:

majora,

Curt. 6, 9, 11:

immane,

Verg. A. 7, 510:

tragicum satis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 166; cf. id. C. 4, 3, 24:

quiddam indomitum,

Flor. 1, 22, 1:

cruenta,

Amm. 16, 1, 5.

spūma, ae, f. [spuo].

In gen., foam, froth, scum, spume from the mouth; of the sea; in boiling, etc. (class.; used alike in sing. and plur.): spiritus (equi) ex animā calidā spumas agit albas, foams, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 507 Vahl.):

vi morbi coactus Concidit et spumas agit,

Lucr. 3, 489; cf.:

cum spumas ageret in ore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 148; Ov. M. 3, 74:

per armos Spuma (apri) fluit,

id. ib. 8, 288:

Venus altera spuma procreata,

Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59; cf. Ov. M. 4, 538:

spumas salis aere ruebant,

Verg. A. 1, 35:

lac spumis stridentibus albet,

Ov. Am. 3, 5, 13:

sanguinis,

id. M. 8, 417; 7, 263:

equi,

Plin. 28, 11, 48, § 174:

cochleae,

id. 29, 6, 37, § 116; Col. 7, 5, 19;

of men,

Lucr. 6, 793.—

In partic., silver-spume, litharge of silver:

argenti,

Plin. 33, 6, 34, § 102 sq.; 34, 18, 54, § 176: spuma caustica, a pomade used by the Teutones for dyeing the hair red, Mart. 14, 26;

called also spuma Batava,

id. 8, 33, 20:

nitri,

Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 112.

ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1. 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.;

aquae, as trisyl.,

Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Mess-api-oi and gê Api-a, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ôkus, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].

A.. Water, in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew):

aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant,

Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20:

pluvialis,

rain-water, Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so,

aquae pluviae,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol., Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so,

caelestes aquae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so,

aquae de nubibus,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water, ib. Job, 9, 30:

fluvialis,

river-water, Col. 6, 22; so,

aqua fluminis,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

aquaï fons,

Lucr. 5, 602:

fons aquae,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 13:

fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae,

Verg. A. 11, 495:

fluvius aquae,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1:

rivus aquae,

Verg. E. 8, 87:

rivi aquarum,

Vulg. Isa. 32, 2:

torrens aquae,

ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water, Fr. eau douce, Lucr. 6, 890:

fons aquae dulcis,

Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.:

aquae dulces,

Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so,

aquae maris,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19:

dulcis et amara aqua,

ib. Jac. 3, 11:

perennis,

never-failing, Liv. 1, 21; and plur.:

quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes,

Cic. Verr. 4, 107:

aqua profluens,

running-water, id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so,

currentes aquae,

Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so,

aqua viva,

living-water, Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.:

aquae vivae,

ib. Num. 19, 17;

and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva,

ib. Joan. 4, 10; so,

vitae,

ib. Apoc. 22, 17:

aquae viventes,

ib. Lev. 14, 5:

stagna aquae,

standing-water, Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2:

aquae de puteis,

well-water, Vulg. Num. 20, 17:

aqua de cisternā,

cisternwater, ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so,

aqua cisternae,

ib. Isa. 36, 16:

aquae pessimae,

ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19:

aqua recens,

Verg. A. 6, 636:

turbida,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

crassa,

ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20:

munda,

ib. Heb. 10, 22:

purissima,

ib. Ezech. 34, 18:

aquae calidae,

warm-water, ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol.:

calida,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22;

and contr.: calda,

Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water:

aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 67:

aqua frigida,

cold-water, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol.:

frigida,

Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol.:

decocta,

Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.—

Particular phrases.

Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast, to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).—

Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage, to animate, refresh, revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon):

ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.—

Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life:

non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one, to exclude from civil society, to banish, Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in [p. 148] Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like gên kai hudôr aitein), to demand submission, Liv. 35, 17:

aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis,

Curt. 3, 10, 8.— Provv.

Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï

sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita,

you can't find two peas more like, Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq. —

In aquā scribere = kath hudatos graphein, to write in water, of something transient, useless:

cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā,

Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats' epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).—

Water, in a more restricted sense.

The sea:

coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur,

on the sea-coast, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83:

laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 30:

findite remigio aquas!

id. F. 3, 586.— Trop.: Venimus in portum... Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas:

To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new),

Ov. F. 2, 864.—

= la. cus, a lake:

Albanae aquae deductio,

Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin. —

A stream, a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48:

alii in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27:

sonitus multarum aquarum,

of many streams, Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6:

lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum,

along the watercourses, ib. Psa. 1, 3.—

Rain:

cornix augur aquae,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 12:

deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis,

Ov. F. 3, 286:

multā terra madescit aquā,

id. ib. 6, 198:

aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt,

heavy rains, a flood, inundation, Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.—

In the plur., medicinal springs, waters, baths.

In gen.:

ad aquas venire,

Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

aquae caldae,

Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.:

aquae calidae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

aquae medicatae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25:

aquae Salutiferae,

Mart. 5, 1.—Hence,

As prop. noun, Waters. Some of the most important were.

Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres, in Etruria, prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano, Tab. Peut.—

Ăquae Aurēlĭae, in the Black Forest in Germany, now Baden-Baden, Inscr.—

Ăquae Baiae, in Campania, Prop. 1, 11, 30; earlier called Ăquae Cūmānae, Liv. 41, 16.—

Ăquae Călĭdae,

In Britain, now Bath; also called Ăquae Sōlis, Itin Anton.—

In Zeugitana on the Gulf of Carthage, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9; Tab. Peut.—

In Gallia, now Vichy on the Allier, Tab. Theod.—

Ăquae Cĭcĕrōnĭānae, at Cicero's villa at Puteoli, Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 6.—

Ăquae Mattĭăcae, among the Mattiaci in Germany, now Wiesbaden, Amm. 29, 4, also called Fontes Mattĭăci in Plin. 31, 2, 17, § 20.—

Ăquae Sextĭae, near Massilia, once a famous watering-place, now Aix, Liv Epit 61; Vell. 1, 15; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.—

Ăquae Tauri or Tauri Thermae, in Etruria, now Bagni di Ferrata, Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52. V. Smith, Dict. Geog., s. v. Aquae.—

The water in the water-clock. From the use of this clock in regulating the length of speeches, etc. (cf. clepsydra), arose the tropical phrases,

Aquam dare, to give the advocate time for speaking, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 7.—

Aquam perdere, to spend time unprofitably, to waste it, Quint. 11, 3, 52.—

Aqua haeret, the water stops, i.e. I am at a loss, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hac causā mihi aqua haeret,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 7.—

Aqua intercus, the water under the skin of a dropsical person;

hence, as med. t.,

the dropsy, Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 3:

medicamentum ad aquam intercutem dare,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

decessit morbo aquae intercutis,

Suet. Ner 5; cf. Cels. 2, 8.— Trop.: aquam in animo habere intercutem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 37, 3.—

Aqua, the name of a constellation, Gr. Hudôr:

hae tenues stellae perhibentur nomine Aquāī,

Cic. Arat. 179 (as translation of tous pantas kaleousin Hudôr); v. Orell. ad h. l.

torreo, torrui, tostum ( part. gen. plur. torrentum, Stat. Th. 2, 6; Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46; abl. torrenti, Sen. Brev. Vit. 9, 2), 2, v. a. [Sanscr. tarsh, to thirst; Gr. tersomai, to become dry; Germ. Durst.; Engl. thirst], to dry a thing by heat, to parch, roast, bake, scorch, burn, etc. (syn. frigo):

fruges receptas Et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo,

Verg. A. 1, 179; Ov. M. 14; 273:

aristas sole novo,

Verg. A. 7, 720:

pisces sole,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 30:

apes mortuas sole verno,

id. 11, 20, 22, § 69:

uvam in tegulis,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84 et saep.; Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 2:

etiamsi in Phalaridis tauro inclusus succensis ignibus torrebatur,

Cic. Pis. 18, 42: e quibus (terrae cingulis) medium illum et maximum solis ardore torreri, id. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

cum undique flamma torrerentur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

montes quos torret Atabulus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 78; cf.:

torrentia agros sidera,

id. C. 3, 1, 31: tosti alti stant parietes, i. e. consumed, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 Vahl.):

carmina flammā,

Tib. 1, 9, 50:

tostos en aspice crines,

Ov. M. 2, 283:

in veribus exta,

to roast, Verg. G. 2, 396:

aliquid in igne,

Ov. F. 2, 578:

artus subjecto igni,

id. M. 1, 229:

carnem,

id. ib. 12, 155 et saep.—Of fever heat, to dry up:

at mihi (vae miserae) torrentur febribus artus,

Ov. H. 21, 169:

febris viscera ipsa torrens,

Sen. Ep. 14, 6; Juv. 9, 17.—Of thirst:

et Canis arenti torreat arva siti,

Tib. 1, 4, 42.—Of the heat of love:

si torrere jecur quaeris idoneum (Venus),

Hor. C. 4, 1, 12; cf.:

correptus saevo Veneris torrebar aëno,

Prop. 3 (4). 24, 13:

torret amor Cyri Lycorida,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 6:

me torret face mutuā Calais,

id. ib. 3, 9, 13:

me amor Glycerae,

id. ib. 3, 19, 28:

femineus pectora torret amor,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 40.—

Transf., of cold, to nip, pinch (cf. uro and aduro): frigore torret, Varr. ap. Non. 452, 11. — Hence, torrens, entis, P. a., in a neutr. sense, burning, hot, inflamed.

Lit. (rare):

terra torrens aestu,

Col. 4, 19, 3:

miles torrens meridiano sole,

Liv. 44, 38, 9:

Sirius,

Verg. G. 4, 425:

flammae,

id. A. 6, 550.— Comp.: Sirius torrentior, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 20.— Sup.:

torrentissimus axis,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 52.—

Transf., of streams, rushing, roaring, boiling, impetuous, rapid, etc. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

fluvii,

Varr. R. R. 1, 12, 3:

flumina,

Verg. E. 7, 52:

Nilus toto gurgite,

Val. Fl. 4, 409; cf.:

fluvius Novanus solstitiis torrens,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 229; 3, 4, 5, § 33:

aqua,

Verg. A. 10, 603:

unda,

id. G. 2, 451:

torrentes rapidique cursus amnium,

Just. 44, 1, 7; 4, 1, 9:

impetus (aquae),

Sen. Ep. 23, 8:

sanguis,

Luc. 2, 220; cf.

fatum,

id. 7, 505.— Comp.:

Padus torrentior,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.— Sup.:

Asopos torrentissimus,

Stat. Th. 7, 316.—Hence,

Subst.: torrens, entis, m., a torrent:

cum fertur quasi torrens oratio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3; Liv. 33, 18, 12; 35, 28, 8:

rapidus montano flumine torrens Sternit agros,

Verg. A. 2, 305:

fragosus,

id. ib. 7, 567; Ov. R. Am. 651:

tumidus,

id. Am. 1, 7, 43; Sen. Theb. 71; Juv. 6, 319; Luc. 7, 637.—Prov.:

numquam direxit bracchia contra torrentem,

Juv. 4, 90. —

Transf.:

armorum et virorum,

Sil. 12, 189:

umbrarum,

id. 13, 760; cf.

fortunae,

Flor. 2, 7, 1.—

Trop., of speech:

torrens dicentis oratio,

Quint. 3, 8, 60; so,

oratio,

Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 12:

copia dicendi,

Juv. 10, 9; Val. Fl. 4, 261.— Comp.:

sermo Promptus et Isaeo torrentior,

Juv. 3, 74.—Of an orator:

quem (Demosthenem) mirabantur Athenae Torrentem,

Juv. 10, 128.—

Subst.:

se inani verborum torrenti dare,

a stream of words, Quint. 10, 7, 23; cf.:

quo torrente, quo impetu,

Tac. Or. 24.—

* Adv.: torrenter (acc. to B.), violently, impetuously:

torrentius amne Hiberno,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 198.