boil+up

cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [kindr. with Sanscr. pak; Gr. pep in peptô or pessô; Germ. backen; Engl. bake], to cook, to prepare by cooking, to bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

cenam,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 7:

cottidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

cibum,

Lucr. 5, 1102; cf.

cibaria,

Liv. 3, 27, 3; 29, 25, 6; 44, 32, 11;

44, 35, 13 al.: qui illa coxerat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

quae coxerat aere cavo,

Ov. M. 4, 505:

dulce dedit, tostā quod coxerat ante polentā,

cooked from parched malt, id. ib. 5, 450:

humana exta,

Hor. A. P. 186:

(pavonem),

id. S. 2, 2, 28:

aliquid ex oleo,

in oil, Cels. 5, 177; so,

aliquid ex aceto,

Scrib. Comp. 252. — Absol.:

si nusquam coctum is, quidnam cenat Juppiter?

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 56:

in nonum diem solet ire coctum,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 46; 3, 2, 15:

coquendo sit faxo et molendo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 61.—

Subst.

coctum, i, n., cooked food:

quid tu, malum, curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim?

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 Ussing:

ne quid in popinas cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret,

Suet. Ner. 16.— Plur.:

cocta vendere,

Suet. Claud. 38.—

cocta, ae, f., water boiled, and cooled by ice; a decoction, Mart. 2, 85, 1; cf. Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55; Suet. Ner. 48.—

Transf.

To prepare by fire, to burn, parch, etc.:

laterculos,

Cato, R. R. 39, 2:

calcem,

id. ib. 38, 1 sq.:

carbonem,

id. ib. fin.:

locum sol,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2; cf.:

glaebas maturis solibus aestas,

Verg. G. 1, 66:

cocta ligna,

dried, hardened by drying, Dig. 32, 1, 55, § 7:

coctus agger,

i. e. built of bricks, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 22:

rosaria cocta matutino Noto,

dried up, parched, id. 4 (5), 5, 62; cf.:

at vos, praesentes Austri, coquite horum obsonia,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 41:

aurum cum plumbo,

Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 60:

aera fornacibus,

Luc. 6, 405.—

To ripen, make mature:

arbores sol ac luna,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

uvas,

id. ib. 1, 54, 1; cf.

vinum,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 125; and:

mitis vindemia,

Verg. G. 2, 522:

poma (with matura),

Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

fructus solibus,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

messem,

Mart. 10, 62 al. —

= concoquo, to digest:

cibus confectus jam coctusque,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; 2, 54, 136 (but in these passages Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64, would read concoquo, denying that coquo ever means to digest; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 8, 4, 16); Lact. Opif. Dei, 14, 5; cf.:

balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26:

plerique... bubulum coquunt,

Cels. 4, 5, § 27; 4, 18, § 4.—

Trop. (in the poets and prose writers after the Aug. per.).

To elaborate something in mind, to consider, to think, meditate upon, contrive, plan: quicquid est, incoctum non expromet;

bene coctum dabit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 55: bene cocto, condito, sermone bono, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:

consilia secreto,

Liv. 2, 36, 2:

bellum,

id. 8, 3, 2:

trucem invidiam,

Stat. Th. 2, 300:

iras cum fraude,

Sil. 7, 403:

Latio extrema coepta,

id. 10, 431.—

To vex, harass, torment, disturb the mind:

egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 3: si quid ego adjuero curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1; cf.:

si sollicitudo oratorem macerat et coquit,

Quint. 12, 10, 77:

quos ira metusque coquebat,

Sil. 14, 103:

quam... Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant,

Verg. A. 7, 345.—Hence, Ital. cuocere; Fr. cuire. —Hence, coctus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to III. A. supra), well considered, well digested: bene coctus sermo, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf., of persons: hodie juris coctiores non sunt, qui lites creant. Quam, etc. (alluding to the double meaning of jus), better skilled in, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 9.

crĕmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [Sanscr. çar, çri, to boil, roast; cf. carbo], to burn, consume by fire (freq. and class.; cf. comburo).

In gen.:

ignis silvas cremarat,

Lucr. 5, 1242; cf.:

poëtam igni,

Suet. Calig. 27 fin.:

omnes collegas suos vivos,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 2; Curt. 4, 8, 9:

damnatum poenam sequi oportebat, ut igni cremaretur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4; Curt. 8, 9, 32; 5, 6, 7:

urbem incendiis,

Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 5:

cremare et diruere urbem,

Liv. 28, 19, 12:

Ilium,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 53:

lectum,

Suet. Caes. 84:

libros,

id. Aug. 31:

frondem et herbas,

Ov. M. 6, 457:

rates,

id. ib. 14, 85 et saep.:

in cinerem,

Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 41.—

In partic.

Of the burning of the dead:

primus (Sulla) e patriciis Corneliis igni voluit cremari,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

mortali corpore cremato,

id. Div. 1, 23, 47:

cujus (Catonis) a me corpus est crematum,

id. Sen. 23, 84; Plin. 7, 54, 55, § 187; Tac. G. 27; Suet. Aug. 100; Hor. Epod. 17, 79 et saep.—

Of the burning of victims in sacrifices, Ov. M. 13, 637; id. F. 4, 639; Vulg. Lev. 5, 12.—

Of things devoted, Liv. 41, 12, 6; 10, 29, 18.

dē-fervĕfăcĭo, fēci, factum, 3, v. a., to seethe or cause to boil.—

Prop.:

brassicam bene,

Cato R. R. 157, 9:

aquam in aëno,

Vitr. 8, 5:

radicem in vino,

Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 129.—

Transf.: aër defervefactus in pulmone, heated, Varr. ap. Lact. Opif. Dei 17.

dē-fervĕo, ēre, v. n., to boil thoroughly; of wine, to ferment completely, Plin. 14, 9, 11, § 85;

of lime and water,

to effervesce, Vitr. 7, 2, 1.—

Trop., to subside:

indignatio,

Vulg. Esth. 2, 1.

dŏmo, ui, ĭtum (also dŏmāvi, Poëta ap. Charis. p. 252 P.; cf. Flor. 3, 22, 6:

domata,

Petr. 74, 14), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. root dam-, dām - yāmi, to be tame; Gr. damnêi, damar, damalês, dmôs; Germ. zähmen; Eng. tame], to tame, to break (class.; for syn. cf.: vinco, supero, devinco, fundo, fugo, profligo, subigo, subicio).

Lit.:

boves,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 2; Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 7; 13; cf. poet.: vim taurorum, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 252 P. (Trag. v. 315 ed. Vahl.):

et condocefacere feras beluas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161; cf. id. Rep. 2, 40; id. Off. 2, 4, 14; Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 64:

pecus,

Sall. J. 75, 4:

vitulos,

Verg. G. 3, 164:

elephantos,

Plin. 8, 8, 8, § 25 et saep.:

asinum ad aliquid,

Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 4; cf.:

boves aratro,

Col. 6, 22, 1; so,

trop., linguam,

Vulg. Jac. 3, 8.—

Transf., to subdue, vanquish, overcome, conquer:

quas nationes nemo umquam fuit, quin frangi domarique cuperet,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13 fin.; so id. ib. § 32; id. Font. 1, 2; Liv. 7, 32; Tac. Agr. 13; Hor. C. 1, 12, 54; 2, 12, 6 ct saep.; cf. poet.: hostis vino domiti somnoque sepulti, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. 291 ed. Vahl.): quae te cumque domat Venus. Hor. C. 1, 27, 14:

acrior illum Cura domat,

Verg. G. 3, 539:

illos longa domant inopi jejunia victu,

Ov. M. 1, 312:

terram rastris,

Verg. A. 9, 608:

ferrum igne,

Plin. 36, 27, 68, § 200; cf.:

plurima sulphure,

id. 35, 15, 50, § 174:

vim fluminis,

Liv. 21, 30; cf.:

impetus fluminum,

Plin. 36, 1, 1, § 1.— Poet.: uvam prelo, 1. e. to press, Hor C. 1, 20, 9 partem tergoris ferventibus undis, i e. to boil soft, Ov. M. 8, 651:

impexos crines certo ordine,

Stat. Achill. 1, 328:

domitos habere oculos et manus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 81; cf.:

domitas habere libidines, coercere omnes cupiditates,

Cic. de Or. 1, 43 fin.:

virtus omnia domuerat,

Sall. C. 7, 5; cf.:

horrida verba,

Tib. 1, 5, 6:

avidum spiritum,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 9:

invidiam,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 12:

iracundias,

Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 144 et saep.

ē-bullĭo, īre, 4 (and post-class. ēbullo, āre, 1), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to boil up, bubble up (post-class.).

Lit.:

fontium venae ebullant,

Tert. de Pall. 2.—

Trop., to come forth bubbling, to appear boisterously: dum risus ebullit App. M. 2, p. 128.— Poet.:

o si Ebullit patrui praeclarum funus! i. e. utinam patruus moriatur,

Pers. 2, 10 Dübner:

priusquam hujus monstri idoli artifices ebullissent,

Tert. Idol. 3:

de Perside,

to hurry confusedly away, Vulg. 2 Mac. 1, 12.—

Act. (class., but rare).

Lit.:

animam,

i. e. to breathe out, give up the ghost, Sen. Apoc. 4, 2; Petr. 42, 3; 62, 10.—

To produce in abundance:

et ebulliet fluvius ranas,

Vulg. Exod. 8, 3; cf.:

os fatuorum ebullit stultitiam,

id. Prov. 15, 2.— Trop.:

virtutes,

i. e. to boast of, Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 42 Kühn; cf. id. Fin. 5, 27, 80 (and the Gr. paphlazein).

ē-bullĭo, īre, 4 (and post-class. ēbullo, āre, 1), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to boil up, bubble up (post-class.).

Lit.:

fontium venae ebullant,

Tert. de Pall. 2.—

Trop., to come forth bubbling, to appear boisterously: dum risus ebullit App. M. 2, p. 128.— Poet.:

o si Ebullit patrui praeclarum funus! i. e. utinam patruus moriatur,

Pers. 2, 10 Dübner:

priusquam hujus monstri idoli artifices ebullissent,

Tert. Idol. 3:

de Perside,

to hurry confusedly away, Vulg. 2 Mac. 1, 12.—

Act. (class., but rare).

Lit.:

animam,

i. e. to breathe out, give up the ghost, Sen. Apoc. 4, 2; Petr. 42, 3; 62, 10.—

To produce in abundance:

et ebulliet fluvius ranas,

Vulg. Exod. 8, 3; cf.:

os fatuorum ebullit stultitiam,

id. Prov. 15, 2.— Trop.:

virtutes,

i. e. to boast of, Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 42 Kühn; cf. id. Fin. 5, 27, 80 (and the Gr. paphlazein).

frĕtum, i, n., and frĕtus, ūs, m. [root phru, to be in uneasy motion, boil, flash; cf. Sanscr. bhur; Lat. ferveo], a strait, sound, channel.

Lit.

In gen.

Form fretum:

fretum dictum a similitudine ferventis aquae, quod in fretum saepe concurrat aestus atque differvescat,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 22; Isid. Orig. 13, 18:

(presteres) freta circum Fervescunt,

Lucr. 6, 427:

quid de fretis aut de marinis aestibus plura dicam?

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 34; cf.:

aestus maritimi, fretorumque angustiae,

id. N. D. 2, 7, 19; id. Mur. 17, 35:

Seston Abydena separat urbe fretum,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 28:

fretum Siciliense,

the Sicilian Strait, the Strait of Messina, Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 24;

also called fretum Siciliae,

Caes. B. C. 2, 3, 1; v. infra:

fretum nostri maris et Oceani,

i. e. the Gaditanian Strait, Strait of Gibraltar, Sall. J. 17, 4.—

Form fretus: salis fretus, Lucil. ap. Non. 205, 30; Naev. ib. 27 (Trag. Rel. p. 12 Rib.):

angusto fretu,

Lucr. 1, 720; cf.:

ut perangusto fretu divisa servitutis ac libertatis jura cognosceret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169 (cf. Gell. 13, 20, 15):

in Scyllaeo illo aeris alieni tamquam in fretu,

Cic. Sest. 8, 18: inter Italiam et Siciliam qui est fretus, Varr. ap. Non. 205, 31: a Gaditano fretu, Cic. ap. Charis. p. 103 P.: angustiae fretus, Messala, ib.: salsi fretus, Licin. ib.—

In partic., the Strait, for the Strait of Sicily:

cum se ille septimo die venisse a freto dixisset,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; 2, 2, 7 fin.; Caes. B. C. 1, 29, 1; Suet. Tib. 2; Flor. 2, 2; Hor. Epod. 9, 7 al.—

Hence, Frĕtensis, e, adj.:

Fretense mare,

i. e. the Strait of Sicily, Cic. Att. 10, 7, 1.—

Poet. transf.

In gen., the sea (syn.: mare, oceanus, pelagus, pontus).— Plur.:

fervet fretis spirantibus aequor,

Verg. G. 1, 327:

in freta dum fluvii current,

id. A. 1, 607; cf. Ov. M. 1, 36:

pastor cum traheret per freta navibus Idaeis Helenen,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 1:

fretis acrior Hadriae,

id. ib. 1, 33, 15.— Sing.:

Euxinum,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 2:

Libycum,

id. F. 3, 568.—

Of the sky: (pulvis) omnem pervolat caeli fretum, Enn. ap. Non. 205, 29 (Trag. v. 31 Vahl.).—

Of the spring, as the period of transition from cold to heat:

fretus ipse anni permiscet frigus et aestum,

Lucr. 6, 364; so,

freta anni,

ib. 374 ex conject. Lachm. v. ej. annot. p. 369.—

A raging, swelling, heat, violence:

aetatis freta,

Lucr. 4, 1030; cf.:

fretum adolescentiae, id est secunda imperii aetas,

Flor. 1, 26:

invidiae atque acerbitatis fretum effervescit,

Gell. 10, 3, 7.

fūruncŭlus, i, m. dim. [id.], a petty thief, pilferer (cf. furax).

Lit.:

olim furunculus, nunc etiam rapax,

Cic. Pis. 27, 66; Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 16.—

Transf.

A pointed, burning sore on the human body, a boil, furuncle, Cels. 5, 28, 8; Plin. 20, 13, 50, § 130.—

A germ or knob on a vine, so called from its shape, Col. 4, 22, 4; 4, 24, 5; Plin. 17, 22, 36, § 181.

căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

capiti,

Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].

The head, of men and animals:

oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

cano capite,

id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

capitis nives,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

raso capite calvus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

irraso,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

intonsum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

amputare alicui,

Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

capite operto,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

obvoluto,

id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

caput aperire,

id. ib.:

abscindere cervicibus,

id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

demittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

extollere,

to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—

Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

nec caput nec pedes,

neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—

Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—

Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—

Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—

Transf., of inanimate things.

In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

ulpici,

Cato, R. R. 71:

allii,

Col. 6, 34, 1:

porri,

id. 11, 3, 17:

papaveris,

Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

bulborum,

Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

caulis,

id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

extorum,

Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

tignorum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

columnae,

Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

molis,

the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

xysti,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

porticus,

id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—

Esp., of rivers,

The origin, source, spring ( head):

caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

fontium,

Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—

(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—

Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

vitis,

id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—

Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —

Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—

Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

hence, facere,

to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—

Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

hoc conruptum'st caput,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

ridiculum caput!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

festivum,

id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

lepidum,

id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

carum,

Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

liberum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

vilia,

Liv. 25, 6, 9:

viliora,

id. 9, 26, 22:

vilissima,

id. 24, 5, 13:

ignota,

id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

liberorum servorumque,

id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

istic capiti dicito,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

vae capiti tuo,

id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

in singulos,

id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

exactio capitum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—

Trop.

Life, and specif.,

Physical life:

carum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

si capitis res siet,

if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

capitis poena,

capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

pactum pro capite pretium,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

cum dimicatione capitis,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

suo capite decernere,

id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

caput offerre pro patriā,

Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

capitis accusare,

to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

absolvere,

id. Milt. 7, 6:

damnare,

id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

tergo ac capite puniri,

Liv. 3, 55, 14:

caput Jovi sacrum,

id. 3, 55, 7:

sacratum,

id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—

Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

capitis minor,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—

The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).

With gen.:

scelerum,

an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

perjuri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

concitandorum Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

consilil,

Liv. 8, 31, 7:

conjurationis,

id. 9, 26, 7:

caput rei Romanae Camillus,

id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

reipublicae,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

nominis Latini,

heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

belli,

id. 45, 7, 3:

Suevorum,

chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

Liv. 10, 1, 3.—

With esse and dat.:

ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

illic est huic rei caput,

author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—

Absol.:

urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

corpori valido caput deerat,

guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

Romam caput Latio esse,

id. 8, 4, 5; and:

brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

patrimonii publici,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

litterarum,

summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

caput Epicuri,

the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

id quod caput est,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

opp. usurae),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

prae-cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a.

To boil beforehand, Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 288:

rutam,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 34, 136; id. Tard. 4, 3, 26.—

To ripen fully:

praecocta uva (sole),

Plin. 14, 9, 11, § 81.

rĕ-cŏquo, coxi, coctum, 3, v. a., to cook or boil over again.

Lit.: Peliam, * Cic. Sen. 23, 83; cf.

of the same: fessos aetate parentes,

Val. Fl. 6, 444:

lana recocta (in dyeing),

Sen. Ep. 71, 31:

ceram (in the sun),

Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 84:

Velabrensi massa recocta fumo,

Mart. 11, 53, 10.—

Transf., to prepare again by fire; to burn, melt, cast, or forge again, Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 23:

re coquunt patrios fornacibus enses,

Verg. A. 7, 636; so,

electrum aurumque,

id. ib. 8, [p. 1536] 624:

spicula,

Luc. 7, 148:

ferrum,

Flor. 3, 20, 6.—

Trop.: (Cicero se) Apollonio Moloni formandum ac velut recoquendum dedit, to recast, remould, * Quint. 12, 6, 7: Fuffitio seni recocto, youthful, hale, lusty (alluding to the fable of Pelias), Cat. 54, 5; so,

scriba,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 55:

anus vino,

Petr. Fragm. in Diom. p. 517 P.