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before+then

  • 21 до этого он вообще не брал в руки карт

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > до этого он вообще не брал в руки карт

  • 22 перед этим

    Atomic energy: before then

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > перед этим

  • 23 pishiq

    to turn red, to swell up (from exertion); to become toughened. (pishiqtir) ripe, mature; strong, tough, durable, sturdy; tightly spun, strong (thread); baked (brick). pishiq ip strong, well spun thread. etti qovun pishiqi bor still a long way off (lit., ‘There are still seven ripenings of the melon (before then)

    Uzbek-English dictionary > pishiq

  • 24 ur

    I.
    iz. [ -r- ]
    1.
    a. water; \ura bildu to dam up; e-i \ura kendu i. to dehydrate sth ii. to drain water out of sth; \ura nahi nuke I'd like some water; \uretan dago he's in the water; \ur epeletan dago he's in warm water; \uretara erori zen she fell into the water; \ura sartu zait I'm wet through; txalupa \uraren azalean ikusi zuenean when he saw the boat on the surface of the water
    b. ( io., il.) dirakien \ura boiling water; edateko \ura drinking water; hondakin-\ura sewage water; itsasoko \ura sea water; Kolonia-\ura cologne | eau de Cologne; Vichy-ko \ur Vichy water; \ur alfer still water; \ur bedeinkatu holy water; \ur bigun soft water; \ur destilatua distilled water; \ur eztia sweet water; \ur gazi salt water; \ur gogor hard water; \ur gordin hard water \ur geza fresh water; \ur gorri rust water, \ur lasterrak rapids; \ur leihar crystal-clear water; \ur minerala mineral water; \ur oxigenatu oxigenated water; \ur txikia shallow water; \ur zilar crystal-clear water
    c. (+ aditza) \uretara bota to throw sth into the water
    d. (esa.) ez \ur ez ardo neither fish nor fowl; \ur beroz errea, hotzaren {beldur || lotsa} (atsot.) once bitten, twice shy (atsot.) ; \ur bizietako mutila da he's a lively boy | he's a live wire; \ur eta su datoz gariak the wheat is coming up strong; \ur gaiztoan dago he has ill intentions; \ur handiko arrainak big fish Lagunart. | fat cats Lagunart. | hot shots Argot. ; \ur handitan ibili to live it up; \ur onean dago his intentions are good; \ura aireak edan du the water's evaporated \ura hartu i. Naut. to leak, take in water ii. Trenb. to take on water; \urra joanda eta presa egin to shut the barn door after the horse is out; \urak bide handiak egingo ditu a lot of water will pass under the bridge before then; \urak ez zaroaz (B) don't get carried away!; Aitaren \urk dauzka horrek (B) he looks like Father; \uraren gainean dago he's barely afloat | he's having problems; \urari erakutsi to rinse; e-i \ur-jo bat eman to rinse sth out; hizkuntza gaietan \urak bere bidera itzuli direnean when language questions settle down
    2. [ izenen aurrean ] water-, aquatic; \ur-arkakuso water flea
    3. \ur handi i. (I) ( ibaia) river ii. ( ur sakona) deep water; \ur handietara joan zen igeri jakin gabe she got into deep water without knowing how to swim
    4. (B) \ur behera low tide; \ur gora high tide
    5. \urak [ izen plurala ]
    a. waters; Namibiako \uretan in Namibian waters; lurraldeko \urak territorial waters
    b. Urumeako \uretan in the waters of the Urumea
    c. \ur {biziak || erreak} rough water; \ur {geldiak || hilak} i. still water ii. ( itsas behera) low tide, ebb tide; \ur zikinak sewage
    6.
    a. ( fruituei d.) juice; limoi-\ura lemon juice; -(r)i \ura kendu to squeeze juice out of sth
    b. ( okelari d.) juice
    c. belar \ura infusion
    7. Med.
    a. watery blister
    b. \urak eta suak hartu to fester up
    II.
    → hur

    Euskara Ingelesa hiztegiaren > ur

  • 25 задевать за живое

    задевать (забирать, затрагивать) за живое ( кого)
    разг.
    1) (глубоко трогать, волновать кого-либо) carry one away; move (stir, touch) one's heart; strike (touch) a deep chord in one's heart

    - Да, это [участие в выборах] забирает за живое, - сказал Вронский. - И раз взявшись за дело, хочется его сделать. (Л. Толстой, Анна Каренина) — 'Yes, it does carry you away,' said Vronsky. 'And since you've started it, you want to see it through.'

    2) (затрагивать самолюбие, гордость кого-либо) touch (cut) one on the raw; cut (sting, touch) one to the quick; prick one's vanity; touch one's sore spot

    Мы чувствовали, что солдат задет за живое и что Тане грозит опасность. (М. Горький, Двадцать шесть и одна) — We realized that the soldier's vanity had been pricked and that Tanya was in danger.

    Пахомов ещё не знал, что сможет сделать, но его задело за живое, и теперь он не отступится. (В. Ерёменко, Слепой дождь) — Pakhomov did not yet know what he would be able to do, but he had been touched to the quick.

    - А вы до сих пор не интересовались чужими слезами? - спросил я, задетый за живое. (Б. Можаев, Трое) — 'You haven't been interested in other people's tears before, then?' I asked, touched on the raw.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > задевать за живое

  • 26 Ansa na saa bere no reba no, nnipa susuwii sɛ ɛrenkyɛ asetra bɛyɛ anigye paa.

    sentence
    Before then, men thought that utopia was in sight.

    Twi to English dictionary > Ansa na saa bere no reba no, nnipa susuwii sɛ ɛrenkyɛ asetra bɛyɛ anigye paa.

  • 27 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 28 a corto plazo

    = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run
    Ex. The moment we compromise among ourselves to adopt rules that are incompatible with ideology then I think we are merely providing the necessity before very long to have these changes brought about.
    Ex. Whether this is a short term phenomenon or not, remains to be seen.
    Ex. In the short run, the most likely prospect is for all current systems to continue with electronic formats merely adding to the richness of the human record.
    Ex. The astute leader will establish short- and long- range goals for the institution, develop specific objectives to accomplish those goals, and activities to meet the objectives.
    Ex. Each of the experts is available for telephone consultation at short notice.
    Ex. Controlled vocabulary is the best option in the short term.
    Ex. Findings indicate that the short-run success of methadone programs does not automatically translate into long-run abstinence.
    * * *
    = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run

    Ex: The moment we compromise among ourselves to adopt rules that are incompatible with ideology then I think we are merely providing the necessity before very long to have these changes brought about.

    Ex: Whether this is a short term phenomenon or not, remains to be seen.
    Ex: In the short run, the most likely prospect is for all current systems to continue with electronic formats merely adding to the richness of the human record.
    Ex: The astute leader will establish short- and long- range goals for the institution, develop specific objectives to accomplish those goals, and activities to meet the objectives.
    Ex: Each of the experts is available for telephone consultation at short notice.
    Ex: Controlled vocabulary is the best option in the short term.
    Ex: Findings indicate that the short-run success of methadone programs does not automatically translate into long-run abstinence.

    Spanish-English dictionary > a corto plazo

  • 29 antes del amanecer

    Ex. The pattern of changes in embolisms indicated almost no embolisms before dawn, followed by a rapid rise to a peak in mid-morning, then a progressive loss of embolisms in late afternoon.
    * * *

    Ex: The pattern of changes in embolisms indicated almost no embolisms before dawn, followed by a rapid rise to a peak in mid-morning, then a progressive loss of embolisms in late afternoon.

    Spanish-English dictionary > antes del amanecer

  • 30 en poco tiempo

    = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time
    Ex. The moment we compromise among ourselves to adopt rules that are incompatible with ideology then I think we are merely providing the necessity before very long to have these changes brought about.
    Ex. The technology has matured sufficiently that it's now cheap and relatively easy to set up a fully featured repository in quite a short time.
    Ex. The aim is to support rapid development of machine translation functionalities in a short time with limited resources.
    Ex. Incredibly enough, this person was able to solve it in a short span of time.
    * * *
    = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time

    Ex: The moment we compromise among ourselves to adopt rules that are incompatible with ideology then I think we are merely providing the necessity before very long to have these changes brought about.

    Ex: The technology has matured sufficiently that it's now cheap and relatively easy to set up a fully featured repository in quite a short time.
    Ex: The aim is to support rapid development of machine translation functionalities in a short time with limited resources.
    Ex: Incredibly enough, this person was able to solve it in a short span of time.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en poco tiempo

  • 31 sin darme cuenta

    Ex. Then I came within this disagreeable person's atmosphere, and lo! before I know what's happened I'm involved in an unpleasant altercation.
    * * *

    Ex: Then I came within this disagreeable person's atmosphere, and lo! before I know what's happened I'm involved in an unpleasant altercation.

    Spanish-English dictionary > sin darme cuenta

  • 32 schon

    Adv.
    1. mit Zeitangaben: already; schon damals even then; schon früher before; (vor langer Zeit) a long time ago; schon immer always, all along; schon oft often (enough); schon wieder again; schon wieder! not again!; schon nach fünf Minuten after only five minutes; nach fünf Minuten war er schon fort etc. five minutes later he’d already gone etc.; schon von Anfang an right from the start, from the word go umg.; es ist schon 12 Uhr it’s twelve o’clock already; schon am nächsten Tag the very next day; schon um 6 Uhr waren sie auf they were already up at 6 o’clock; schon im 16. Jahrhundert as early ( oder as far back) as the 16th century; schon im 16. Jahrhundert gab es die Krankheit the disease was already around in the 16th century; das ist schon lange her that was long ago ( oder way back); das war schon vor zwanzig Jahren that was twenty (whole) years ago; wie lange sind Sie schon hier? how long have you been here?
    2. (bereits) already; (schon einmal, zuvor) before; (bis jetzt) so far; in Fragen: yet; (jemals) ever; ich habe schon eins umg. I’ve already got one; hast du schon einmal...? have you ever...?; sind Sie schon ( einmal) in Spanien gewesen? have you ever been to Spain?; ich war schon ein paar Mal / oft dort I’ve been there a couple of times / frequently; kennen Sie schon Herrn X? have you met Mr ( oder Mr.) X?, do you know Mr ( oder Mr.) X?; wir kennen uns schon we’ve met, we do know one another; ich habe ihn schon ( einmal) gesehen I’ve seen him before somewhere; danke, ich habe schon zu trinken etc.: no thanks, I’m fine; da ist er ja schon wieder he’s (iro. look who’s) back again; das kenne ich schon I know that, I’ve seen that before; bei Entschuldigungen: I’ve heard that one before; das kennen wir schon we know all about that, that’s an old one; ich habe schon bessere Weine getrunken I’ve tasted better wines in my time; hast du schon gehört? have you heard?; hast du schon mit ihm gesprochen? have you talked to him yet?; ist er schon da? has he come yet?, is he here yet?; (früher als erwartet) is he here already?; was, ( du bist) schon zurück? what, back already?; werden Sie schon bedient? are you being served?; ich bekomme schon it’s OK, I’m being looked after; er wollte schon gehen he was about ( oder all set) to go; warum willst du schon gehen? why are you leaving so early?
    3. zur Betonung (sogar, selbst) even; schon ein Milligramm des Gifts kann tödlich sein just ( oder even) one milligram(me) of the poison can kill you; ein Anruf hätte schon genügt (just) a phone call would have been enough; schon ein Unentschieden wäre ein Erfolg even a draw would be a success; schon für 10 Euro for only 10 euros; Herrenhemden schon ab 5 Euro men’s shirts from as little as 5 euros; ich komme (ja) schon! (I’m) coming!; da sind wir (ja) schon! here we are; schon war ich sauer umg. I was getting really annoyed; was gibt es denn ( nun) schon wieder? what is it now ( oder this time)?; ich verstehe schon I see
    4. (allein) schon seine Stimme just to hear his voice, his voice alone; schon der Name the mere (mention of the oder his etc.) name, just to hear the ( oder his etc.) name; schon der Anblick just to see it; schon der Gedanke the very idea, the mere thought (of it); schon deswegen if only for that (reason); schon wegen if only because of; der Kinder etc.: if only for the sake of; schon weil if only because; schon sie zu sehen (even) just to see her
    5. versichernd, verstärkend: sie wird’s schon schaffen she’ll make it all right; beruhigend: auch don’t worry, she’ll make it; er kommt schon noch he’ll come eventually; die Zinsen steigen schon noch the interest rates are bound to go up; the interest rates will go up, you’ll see; ich mach’s schon leave it to me; es wird schon gehen it’ll be all right, I’ll etc. manage (somehow); das ist schon möglich that could be; betonter: that’s quite possible; das lässt sich schon machen mit Vorbehalt: we etc. might be able to do that, it’s doable; (es ist kein Problem) that’s no problem, no problem umg.; wir können schon mit ihm reden (sind bereit) we don’t mind talking to him; ich kann mir schon denken, was... I can (just) imagine what...; er ist schon eingebildet he’s certainly bigheaded; das war schon Glückssache that really was a stroke of luck; das ist schon eine große Frechheit! that really is a bit much; schon gut! it’s all right, never mind; (das reicht) that’ll do
    6. umg., auffordernd, ermunternd: mach schon! get a move on, will you?; komm schon! come on, then; geh schon! go on, then; nun sag schon, wie’s war come on, tell us ( oder me) what it was like; gib’s schon zu! come on, admit it!
    7. einräumend oder bedingend: schon, aber... yes, but...; ich verstehe / möchte schon, aber... I can see that / I’d like to, but...; ich kenne sie schon, aber... I do know her, but...; sie müsste sich schon etwas mehr anstrengen she’d have to make more of an effort, of course; das ist schon wahr, aber... that’s (certainly) ( oder may be) true, but...; wenn du schon ( mal) da bist since you’re here
    8. (ohnehin) es ist so schon teuer genug it’s expensive enough as it is; schon gar nicht least of all; morgen schon gar nicht least of all tomorrow
    9. umg., rhetorisch: na wenn schon! so what; iro. so?; was macht das schon? what does it matter?; was heißt das schon? so?, that doesn’t mean a thing; wem nützt das schon? who is that supposed to help?; wer braucht / kauft so was schon? who on earth needs / buys something like that?; was verstehst du schon davon? what do you know about it?; wer könnte da schon nein sagen? who could possibly say no (to that)?; wer ist da? - na, wer schon? who’s there? - who do you think?
    10. umg.: wenn schon, denn schon (wenn man sich auf etw. einlässt) in for a penny (Am. dime), in for a pound (Am. dollar); (wenn man etw. unternimmt) anything worth doing, is worth doing well
    * * *
    ever; already; yet; by now
    * * *
    [ʃøːn]
    1. adj
    1) (= hübsch anzusehen) beautiful, lovely; Mann handsome

    na, schö́nes Kind (inf) — well then, beautiful (inf)

    See:
    → Auge
    2) (= nett, angenehm) good; Erlebnis, Stimme, Musik, Wetter good, lovely; Gelegenheit great, splendid

    die schö́nen Künste — the fine arts

    die schö́ne Literatur — belles-lettres sing

    das ist ein schö́ner Tod — that's a good way to die

    eines schö́nen Tages — one fine day

    (wieder) in schö́nster Ordnung (nach Krach etc) — back to normal (again)

    in schö́nster Eintracht or Harmonie — in perfect harmony

    das Schöne beim Skilaufen ist... — the nice thing about skiing is...

    das Schönste daran ist... — the beauty of it is..., the nicest or best thing about it is...

    schö́ne Ferien!, schö́nen Urlaub! — have a good or nice holiday (esp Brit) or vacation (US)

    schö́nes Wochenende — have a good or nice weekend

    schö́nen guten Tag — a very good morning/afternoon/evening to you

    war es schö́n im Urlaub? — did you have a nice or good holiday (esp Brit) or vacation (US)?

    war es schö́n bei Tante Veronika? — did you have a nice or good time at Aunt Veronika's?

    schö́n, dass du gekommen bist — nice of you to come

    es ist schö́n, dass du wieder da bist — it's good to have you back

    schö́ner, heißer Kaffee — nice hot coffee

    ein schö́ner frischer Wind — a nice fresh wind

    3) (iro) Unordnung fine, nice, lovely; Überraschung, Wetter lovely; Unsinn, Frechheit absolute

    du bist mir ein schö́ner Freund/Vater/Held etc — a fine friend/father/hero etc you are, you're some friend/father/hero etc

    du machst or das sind mir ja schö́ne Sachen or Geschichten — here's or this is a pretty state of things, here's a pretty kettle of fish (inf)

    von dir hört man schö́ne Sachen or Geschichten — I've been hearing some nice or fine things about you

    das wäre ja noch schö́ner (inf) — that's (just) too much!

    es wird immer schö́ner (inf) — things are going from bad to worse

    See:
    4) (inf = gut) nice

    das war nicht schö́n von dir (inf) — that wasn't very nice of you

    zu schö́n, um wahr zu sein (inf) — too good to be true

    schö́n, schö́n, (also) schö́n, sehr schö́n, na schö́n — fine, okay, all right

    schö́n und gut, aber... — (that's) all well and good but..., that's all very well but...

    5) (= beträchtlich, groß) Erfolg great; Strecke, Stück Arbeit, Alter good

    ein schö́nes Stück weiterkommen — to make good progress

    eine ganz schö́ne Leistung — quite an achievement

    eine ganz schö́ne Arbeit — quite a lot of work

    eine ganz schö́ne Menge — quite a lot

    das hat eine schö́ne Stange Geld gekostet (inf) — that cost a pretty penny

    2. adv
    1)

    (= hübsch) sich schö́n anziehen — to get dressed up

    schö́n machen (Kind) — to dress up; (Wohnung, Straßen) to decorate

    sich schö́n machen — to get dressed up, to dress (oneself) up

    2) (bei Verben) (= gut) well; sich waschen, verarbeiten lassen easily; scheinen brightly; schreiben beautifully; (= richtig, genau) ansehen, durchlesen etc carefully

    es schö́n haben — to be well off; (im Urlaub etc) to have a good time (of it)

    etw am schö́nsten machen — to do sth best

    See:
    → danke, bitte
    3)

    (= angenehm) schö́n weich/warm/stark etc — nice and soft/warm/strong etc

    4)

    (bei Wünschen) schlaf schö́n — sleep well

    amüsiere dich schö́n — have a nice or good time

    erhole dich schö́n — have a good rest

    See:
    5) (inf = brav, lieb) nicely

    iss mal schö́n deinen Teller leer — eat it all up nicely (now), be a good girl/boy and eat it all up

    sag schö́n "Guten Tag" — say "hello" nicely

    sei schö́n still/ordentlich etc (als Aufforderung) — be nice and quiet/tidy etc

    sei schö́n brav — be a good boy/girl

    fahr schö́n langsam — drive nice and slowly

    See:
    6) (inf = sehr, ziemlich) really

    schö́n wehtun — to hurt oneself a lot

    sich schö́n täuschen — to make a big mistake

    sich schö́n ärgern — to be very angry

    jdn schö́n erschrecken — to give sb quite a or a real fright

    ganz schö́n teuer/kalt — pretty expensive/cold

    (ganz) schö́n weit weg — a long or good way off, quite a distance away

    ganz schö́n lange — quite a while

    (ganz) schö́n viel Geld kosten — to cost a pretty penny

    * * *
    1) (before a particular time; previously: I had already gone when Tom arrived; I don't want that book - I've read it already.) already
    2) (before the expected time: Are you leaving already?; He hasn't gone already, has he?) already
    3) yet
    * * *
    [ʃo:n]
    I. adv
    sind wir \schon da? are we there yet?
    hast du \schon gehört? have you heard?
    sie kommen \schon heute they're coming today
    du willst \schon gehen? you want to leave now [or already]?
    nach fünf Minuten war ich \schon fertig I was finished after only five minutes, I was already finished after five minutes
    \schon bald darauf very soon after
    ▪ es ist \schon...:
    es ist \schon spät it is already late [or late already
    nur eine Minute, und \schon bin ich weg just one minute, and then I'm gone
    kaum leg ich mich hin, \schon klingelt das Telefon wieder I hardly have time to lie down before the telephone rings yet again form
    kaum verließ sie das Zimmer, \schon rauchte er she had hardly left the room when he lit up
    ihr könnt [ja] \schon [mal] anfangen you can start now
    was, \schon 5 Uhr? what, 5 o'clock already?
    er wiegt \schon 200 kg! he now weighs 200 kg!
    eine kleine Menge kann \schon Wunder wirken just [or even] a small amount can work wonders
    \schon ein Teilerfolg würde sich lohnen even a partial success would be worth it
    CD-Rohlinge gibt es \schon für ein paar Cent blank CDs can be had for as little as a few cents
    \schon 8-Jährige surfen im Internet children as young as eight are surfing the internet
    \schon in den Siebzigern gab es Mikrocomputer there were microcomputers as early as [or back in] the seventies
    \schon Ovid schrieb darüber/über diese Idee that/that idea is as old as Ovid
    \schon als Kind wollte ich Schauspieler werden since I was a child I've always wanted to be an actor
    \schon damals/gestern/jetzt even at that time/even yesterday/even now
    \schon früh early on
    \schon immer always
    sie war \schon immer schwierig she always was difficult
    ich sagte es ja \schon immer I've always said so
    \schon seit Jahren for years [now]
    \schon lange/länger for a long time [now]
    \schon längst (die ganze Zeit) for ages; (vor langer Zeit) ages ago
    \schon oft several times [already]
    das kenn ich \schon I know that already
    ich wollte vorher \schon fragen I wanted to ask anyway
    \schon [ein]mal ever
    hast du \schon mal Austern gegessen? have you ever eaten oysters?
    wie \schon gesagt as was/has been said already [or beforehand]
    wie \schon so oft as was/has been often the case [before]
    warum sich beklagen? es geht uns \schon so schlecht why complain? we're badly off as it is
    \schon darum/deshalb/aus dem Grunde for that reason alone
    \schon die Tatsache, dass... the fact alone that..., the very fact that...
    \schon Grund genug sein to be already reason enough; s.a. allein
    II. part
    das ist \schon eine Schande! that really is a disgrace!
    es ist \schon wahr it's true all right
    ich sehe \schon,... I can see,...
    ich kann mir \schon denken, was du willst I can well imagine what you want
    das will \schon was heißen those are promising words
    du wirst \schon sehen! you'll see!
    es ist \schon angenehm, nichts zu tun it really is pleasant doing nothing
    das will ich nicht, und \schon gar nicht von dir I don't want it, and especially not from you
    \schon wieder [once] again
    nicht das/sie \schon wieder! not that/her again!
    2. (fam: endlich)
    jetzt komm \schon! hurry up!
    hör \schon auf damit! will you stop that!
    sag doch \schon! out with it!
    geh \schon! go on!
    gib \schon her! come on, give it here!
    mach \schon! hurry up!
    wenn du \schon nicht bleibst, [dann] iss eine Kleinigkeit if you really can't stay, then have a bite to eat
    wenn ich euch \schon fahre, dann [aber] vor Mitternacht if I do drive you, then before midnight
    4. (irgendwie) all right
    danke, es geht \schon thanks, I can manage
    es wird \schon klappen it will work out all right
    5. (irgendwann) in the end, one day
    es wird \schon noch [mal] klappen it will work out in the end [or one day
    ich glaube \schon I think so
    so was kann \schon mal vorkommen such things can happen
    Lust hätte ich \schon, nur keine Zeit I do feel like it, I simply don't have time
    das stimmt \schon that's true enough
    das ist \schon möglich/wahr that's possible/true, I suppose
    \schon möglich, aber [o doch] [o nur] nicht sehr wahrscheinlich that's possible, but not very probable
    [ja] \schon[, aber...] [well] yes [or sure] [, but...]
    findest du sie attraktiv? — ja, \schon do you think she's attractive? — yes, she's okay
    \schon gut! okay! fam
    und [o na] wenn \schon! (fam) so what? fam
    wir durften nicht draußen spielen, die anderen [aber] \schon we weren't allowed to play outside, but the others were
    auf dieser Straße kommen Sie nicht nach Köln, auf der \schon you won't get to Cologne on this road, but on that one
    8. (usu pej: ausgerechnet)
    was ist \schon Reichtum? what's wealth of all things?
    was hast du \schon zu sagen? what have you of all people got to say?
    was sind \schon zehn Jahre? what do ten years matter?
    was macht das \schon? what does it matter?
    was nützt das \schon? what possible use is that?
    wen interessiert das \schon? who's possibly interested?
    wenn ich das \schon rieche/sehe! the mere smell/sight of that!
    wenn ich das \schon höre! just hearing about it!; s.a. ja, möglich
    wie war \schon Ihr Name? what was your name again?
    * * *
    1.

    er kommt schon heute/ist schon gestern gekommen — he's coming today/he came yesterday

    er ist schon da/[an]gekommen — he is already here/has already arrived

    schon damals/jetzt — even at that time or in those days/even now

    schon [im Jahre] 1926 — as early as 1926; back in 1926

    2) (fast gleichzeitig) there and then

    er schwang sich auf das Fahrrad, und schon war er weg — he jumped on the bicycle and was away [in a flash]

    schon [mal] — now; (inzwischen) meanwhile

    4) (selbst, sogar) even; (nur) only
    5) (ohne Ergänzung, ohne weiteren Zusatz) on its own

    [allein] schon der Gedanke daran ist schrecklich — the mere thought or just the thought of it is dreadful

    schon darum od. aus diesem Grund — for this reason alone

    2.
    1) (verstärkend) really; (gewiss) certainly
    2) (ugs. ungeduldig): (endlich)

    nun komm schon! — come on!; hurry up!

    und wenn schon! — so what; what if he/she/it does/did/was etc.

    er wird sich schon wieder erholen — he'll recover all right; he's sure to recover

    4) (zustimmend, aber etwas einschränkend)

    schon gut — OK (coll.)

    Lust hätte ich schon, nur keine Zeit — I'd certainly like to, but I've no time

    das ist schon möglich, nur... — that is quite possible, only...

    5) (betont): (andererseits)

    er ist nicht besonders intelligent, aber sein Bruder schon — he's not particularly intelligent, but his brother is

    6) (einschränkend, abwertend)

    was weiß der schon! — what does 'he know [about it]!

    * * *
    schon adv
    1. mit Zeitangaben: already;
    schon damals even then;
    schon früher before; (vor langer Zeit) a long time ago;
    schon immer always, all along;
    schon oft often (enough);
    schon wieder again;
    schon wieder! not again!;
    schon nach fünf Minuten after only five minutes;
    nach fünf Minuten war er schon fort etc five minutes later he’d already gone etc;
    schon von Anfang an right from the start, from the word go umg;
    es ist schon 12 Uhr it’s twelve o’clock already;
    schon am nächsten Tag the very next day;
    schon um 6 Uhr waren sie auf they were already up at 6 o’clock;
    schon im 16. Jahrhundert as early ( oder as far back) as the 16th century;
    schon im 16. Jahrhundert gab es die Krankheit the disease was already around in the 16th century;
    das ist schon lange her that was long ago ( oder way back);
    das war schon vor zwanzig Jahren that was twenty (whole) years ago;
    wie lange sind Sie schon hier? how long have you been here?
    2. (bereits) already; (schon einmal, zuvor) before; (bis jetzt) so far; in Fragen: yet; (jemals) ever;
    ich habe schon eins umg I’ve already got one;
    hast du schon einmal …? have you ever …?;
    sind Sie schon (einmal) in Spanien gewesen? have you ever been to Spain?;
    ich war schon ein paar Mal/oft dort I’ve been there a couple of times/frequently;
    kennen Sie schon Herrn X? have you met Mr ( oder Mr.) X?, do you know Mr ( oder Mr.) X?;
    wir kennen uns schon we’ve met, we do know one another;
    ich habe ihn schon (einmal) gesehen I’ve seen him before somewhere;
    danke, ich habe schon zu trinken etc: no thanks, I’m fine;
    da ist er ja schon wieder he’s (iron look who’s) back again;
    das kenne ich schon I know that, I’ve seen that before; bei Entschuldigungen: I’ve heard that one before;
    das kennen wir schon we know all about that, that’s an old one;
    ich habe schon bessere Weine getrunken I’ve tasted better wines in my time;
    hast du schon gehört? have you heard?;
    hast du schon mit ihm gesprochen? have you talked to him yet?;
    ist er schon da? has he come yet?, is he here yet?; (früher als erwartet) is he here already?;
    was, (du bist) schon zurück? what, back already?;
    werden Sie schon bedient? are you being served?;
    ich bekomme schon it’s OK, I’m being looked after;
    er wollte schon gehen he was about ( oder all set) to go;
    warum willst du schon gehen? why are you leaving so early?
    3. zur Betonung (sogar, selbst) even;
    schon ein Milligramm des Gifts kann tödlich sein just ( oder even) one milligram(me) of the poison can kill you;
    ein Anruf hätte schon genügt (just) a phone call would have been enough;
    schon ein Unentschieden wäre ein Erfolg even a draw would be a success;
    schon für 10 Euro for only 10 euros;
    Herrenhemden schon ab 5 Euro men’s shirts from as little as 5 euros;
    ich komme (ja) schon! (I’m) coming!;
    da sind wir (ja) schon! here we are;
    schon war ich sauer umg I was getting really annoyed;
    was gibt es denn (nun) schon wieder? what is it now ( oder this time)?;
    schon seine Stimme just to hear his voice, his voice alone;
    schon der Name the mere (mention of the oder his etc) name, just to hear the ( oder his etc) name;
    schon der Anblick just to see it;
    schon der Gedanke the very idea, the mere thought (of it);
    schon deswegen if only for that (reason);
    schon wegen if only because of; der Kinder etc: if only for the sake of;
    schon weil if only because;
    schon sie zu sehen (even) just to see her
    5. versichernd, verstärkend:
    sie wird’s schon schaffen she’ll make it all right; beruhigend: auch don’t worry, she’ll make it;
    er kommt schon noch he’ll come eventually;
    die Zinsen steigen schon noch the interest rates are bound to go up; the interest rates will go up, you’ll see;
    ich mach’s schon leave it to me;
    es wird schon gehen it’ll be all right, I’ll etc manage (somehow);
    das ist schon möglich that could be; betonter: that’s quite possible;
    das lässt sich schon machen mit Vorbehalt: we etc might be able to do that, it’s doable; (es ist kein Problem) that’s no problem, no problem umg;
    wir können schon mit ihm reden (sind bereit) we don’t mind talking to him;
    ich kann mir schon denken, was … I can (just) imagine what …;
    er ist schon eingebildet he’s certainly bigheaded;
    das war schon Glückssache that really was a stroke of luck;
    das ist schon eine große Frechheit! that really is a bit much;
    schon gut! it’s all right, never mind; (das reicht) that’ll do
    6. umg, auffordernd, ermunternd:
    mach schon! get a move on, will you?;
    komm schon! come on, then;
    geh schon! go on, then;
    nun sag schon, wie’s war come on, tell us ( oder me) what it was like;
    gib’s schon zu! come on, admit it!
    schon, aber … yes, but …;
    ich verstehe/möchte schon, aber … I can see that/I’d like to, but …;
    ich kenne sie schon, aber … I do know her, but …;
    sie müsste sich schon etwas mehr anstrengen she’d have to make more of an effort, of course;
    das ist schon wahr, aber … that’s (certainly) ( oder may be) true, but …;
    wenn du schon (mal) da bist since you’re here
    es ist so schon teuer genug it’s expensive enough as it is;
    schon gar nicht least of all;
    morgen schon gar nicht least of all tomorrow
    9. umg, rhetorisch:
    na wenn schon! so what; iron so?;
    was macht das schon? what does it matter?;
    was heißt das schon? so?, that doesn’t mean a thing;
    wem nützt das schon? who is that supposed to help?;
    wer braucht/kauft so was schon? who on earth needs/buys something like that?;
    was verstehst du schon davon? what do you know about it?;
    wer könnte da schon Nein sagen? who could possibly say no (to that)?;
    wer ist da? - na, wer schon? who’s there? - who do you think?
    10. umg:
    wenn schon, denn schon (wenn man sich auf etwas einlässt) in for a penny (US dime), in for a pound (US dollar); (wenn man etwas unternimmt) anything worth doing, is worth doing well
    * * *
    1.

    er kommt schon heute/ist schon gestern gekommen — he's coming today/he came yesterday

    er ist schon da/[an]gekommen — he is already here/has already arrived

    schon damals/jetzt — even at that time or in those days/even now

    schon [im Jahre] 1926 — as early as 1926; back in 1926

    2) (fast gleichzeitig) there and then

    er schwang sich auf das Fahrrad, und schon war er weg — he jumped on the bicycle and was away [in a flash]

    schon [mal] — now; (inzwischen) meanwhile

    4) (selbst, sogar) even; (nur) only
    5) (ohne Ergänzung, ohne weiteren Zusatz) on its own

    [allein] schon der Gedanke daran ist schrecklich — the mere thought or just the thought of it is dreadful

    schon darum od. aus diesem Grund — for this reason alone

    2.
    1) (verstärkend) really; (gewiss) certainly
    2) (ugs. ungeduldig): (endlich)

    nun komm schon! — come on!; hurry up!

    und wenn schon! — so what; what if he/she/it does/did/was etc.

    er wird sich schon wieder erholen — he'll recover all right; he's sure to recover

    4) (zustimmend, aber etwas einschränkend)

    schon gut — OK (coll.)

    Lust hätte ich schon, nur keine Zeit — I'd certainly like to, but I've no time

    das ist schon möglich, nur... — that is quite possible, only...

    5) (betont): (andererseits)

    er ist nicht besonders intelligent, aber sein Bruder schon — he's not particularly intelligent, but his brother is

    6) (einschränkend, abwertend)

    was weiß der schon! — what does 'he know [about it]!

    * * *
    adv.
    already adv.
    yet adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schon

  • 33 prima

    1. adv before
    prima di before
    prima di fare qualcosa before doing something
    prima o poi sooner or later
    prima che before
    quanto prima as soon as possible
    2. f railway first class
    motoring first gear
    theatre first night
    * * *
    prima avv.
    1 ( precedentemente nel tempo) before: un anno, un mese prima, a year, a month before; alcuni giorni prima, a few days before; l'avevo visto un attimo prima, I had seen him a moment before; molto prima, long before; poco prima, shortly before; avresti dovuto pensarci prima, you should have thought of it before; ne so meno di prima, I know less than I did before; ne so quanto prima, I know just as much as I did before (o I'm as wise as before); tutto è rimasto come prima, everything stayed the same as before; sta peggio di prima, he is worse than he was before; siamo al punto di prima, we're back where we were before (o where we started from) // da prima, before: lo conoscevo da prima, I knew him from before
    2 ( in anticipo) beforehand; in advance: se decidi di venire, avvertimi prima, if you decide to come, let me know beforehand (o in advance); l'appuntamento era stato fissato due mesi prima, the appointment had been fixed two months beforehand
    3 ( più presto, in anticipo) earlier, sooner; quicker: cercherò di venire qualche giorno prima, I'll try and come a few days earlier; dovresti andare a letto prima, you should go to bed earlier; non puoi venire prima?, can't you come earlier (o sooner)?; se prendi il rapido, arriverai molto prima, if you take the express, you'll get there much sooner (o much quicker); non potremmo vederci un po' prima?, couldn't we meet a bit earlier (o sooner)?; ''Sei già di ritorno?'' ''Sì, ho fatto prima del previsto'', ''Back already?'' ''Yes, I was quicker than I expected'' // prima o poi, sooner or later // quanto prima, ( presto) soon (o presently o before long); ( il più presto possibile) as soon as possible
    4 ( un tempo, una volta) once; formerly: prima il collegio era un monastero, the college was formerly (o once) a convent; prima c'era un parco qui, there was a park here once (o formerly) (o there used to be a park here); prima vivevo a Roma, I used to live in Rome (once); prima la casa apparteneva ai miei nonni, the house used to belong to my grandparents (o belonged to my grandparents once); prima questa zona era deserta, oggi ospita un villaggio turistico, this area used to be (o was once) deserted, today it has a tourist village; prima le malattie incurabili erano molte di più di oggi, there used to be many more incurable illnesses than there are today; non è più quello di prima, he's not the man he was (o he used to be); ora siamo più amici di prima, we're better friends than we were before (o we're better friends than ever) ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, in alcuni casi l'avv. prima non viene tradotto in quanto l'anteriorità dell'azione è espressa dalla forma verbale used to
    5 ( per prima cosa, per primo) first; ( in un primo tempo) at first; ( in primo luogo) firstly, first of all: prima mangiamo qualcosa, poi andiamo al cinema, let's get something to eat first, then go to the cinema; prima inserire la spina, poi premere il pulsante, first plug it in, then press the button; prima lo studio, poi il divertimento, study first, then enjoy yourself; chi viene prima?, who's first?; chi è prima nella fila?, who's first in line?; entra prima tu, io ti seguo, you enter first, I'll follow; non ci vado, prima perché sono stanco, poi perché non ho tempo, I'm not going, firstly (o first of all) because I'm tired and then because I haven't got time; prima pensavo che scherzasse, poi mi accorsi che faceva sul serio, I thought he was joking at first, then I realized he was serious
    6 ( precedentemente nello spazio) first, before: prima c'è una farmacia, poi c'è l'ufficio postale, first there's a chemist's, then there's the post office; non entreremo in città, ci fermeremo prima, we'll stop before we get to the town; sono sceso alla fermata prima e ho fatto l'ultimo pezzo di strada a piedi, I got off at the stop before and walked the rest of the way.
    prima s.f.
    1 ( nell'ordinamento scolastico) first class, first year: frequentare la prima elementare, to be in the first class of primary school
    2 (ferr.) first-class: viaggiare in prima, to travel first-class
    3 (teatr.) first night; (cinem.) 'première': assistere alla prima dell' 'Otello', to attend the first night of 'Othello'
    4 ( scherma) basic position, initial position; ( ginnastica) basic position // ( calcio): punizione di prima, direct free kick; giocare ( la palla) di prima, to play the ball first time
    5 (eccl.) prime
    6 (comm.) prima di cambio, first of exchange
    7 (mil.) aiutante maggiore in prima, regimental adjutant.
    * * *
    I ['prima]
    1. avv
    1) (in precedenza) before, (una volta) once, formerly

    ne so quanto prima — I know as much as I did before, I'm none the wiser

    amici come prima! — let's make it up o let's be friends again!

    2) (in anticipo) beforehand, in advance
    3) (più presto) sooner, earlier
    4) (innanzi) before, (in primo luogo) first
    2.

    prima di prep — (tempo, spazio) before

    3.

    prima di, prima che cong — before

    prima di fare/che tu faccia — before doing/you do

    II ['prima] sf
    1) (gen) first, Teatro opening night, Cine première, Ferr first class, Auto first gear
    2) Scol first year, (prima elementare) year two Brit, first grade Am, (prima media) year seven Brit, sixth grade Am, (prima superiore) year ten Brit, tenth grade Am
    * * *
    I 1. ['prima]
    1) (nel tempo) before; (in anticipo) beforehand, in advance

    molto, poco prima — long, shortly before

    2) (un tempo) once
    4) (più presto) earlier, sooner

    prima possibile, quanto prima — as soon as possible

    5) (nello spazio) before
    7) di prima former, previous

    gli inquilini di prima — the former o previous tenants

    8) prima di before

    prima della mia partenza — before my leaving, before I left

    prima di andare, vorrei dire che — before I go o before going, I would like to say that

    prima di abitare qui, lui... — previous to living here, he...

    per lui il lavoro viene prima di tutto — for him, work comes before everything

    9) prima che before

    ah, prima che mi dimentichi,... — oh, before I forget

    2.
    aggettivo invariabile (precedente) before, previous

    il giorno, il mese prima — the day, the month before, the previous day, month

    II ['prima]
    sostantivo femminile
    1) scol. first year, first form BE
    2) teatr. cinem. première, opening (night), first (night)
    3) aut. first gear, bottom gear BE

    ingranare o mettere la prima — to change o shift AE into first (gear)

    4) ferr. aer. first class
    * * *
    prima1
    /'prima/
     1 (nel tempo) before; (in anticipo) beforehand, in advance; molto, poco prima long, shortly before; due mesi prima two months before; non ci sono mai stato prima I had never been there before; lo sapevano già da prima they knew beforehand
     2 (un tempo) once; prima andavo a scuola in bici once I used to cycle to school; non è più quello di prima he's a shadow of his former self
     3 (per prima cosa) first; prima dobbiamo decidere first we must decide; prima le signore ladies before gentlemen; prima le donne e i bambini women and children first
     4 (più presto) earlier, sooner; prima possibile, quanto prima as soon as possible; prima è meglio è the sooner the better; prima o poi sooner or later; non puoi arrivare a casa prima? can't you get home earlier?
     5 (nello spazio) before; due pagine prima two pages back
     6 (in una gerarchia) before; prima tu! you go first!
     7 di prima former, previous; gli inquilini di prima the former o previous tenants; com'è il tuo lavoro rispetto a quello di prima? how does this job compare with your last one?
     8 prima di before; prima della mia partenza before my leaving, before I left; prima di andare, vorrei dire che before I go o before going, I would like to say that; non mi era mai successo prima d'ora it had never happened before; poco prima di mezzanotte shortly before midnight; non saprò niente prima di martedì I won't know until Tuesday; è arrivata mezz'ora prima degli altri she arrived half an hour in advance of the others; prima di tutto first (of all); prima di abitare qui, lui... previous to living here, he...; per lui il lavoro viene prima di tutto for him, work comes before everything
     9 prima che before; ci volle del tempo prima che tornasse a camminare it was some time before he was able to walk again; ah, prima che mi dimentichi,... oh, before I forget,...
      (precedente) before, previous; il giorno, il mese prima the day, the month before, the previous day, month; la mattina prima the previous morning; questa pagina e quella prima this page and the one before; prendere il treno prima to catch the earlier train.
    ————————
    prima2
    /'prima/
    sostantivo f.
     1 scol. first year, first form BE; fare la prima to be in the first year o form
     2 teatr. cinem. première, opening (night), first (night)
     3 aut. first gear, bottom gear BE; ingranare o mettere la prima to change o shift AE into first (gear)
     4 ferr. aer. first class; viaggiare in prima to travel first class.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > prima

  • 34 schön

    Adv.
    1. mit Zeitangaben: already; schon damals even then; schon früher before; (vor langer Zeit) a long time ago; schon immer always, all along; schon oft often (enough); schon wieder again; schon wieder! not again!; schon nach fünf Minuten after only five minutes; nach fünf Minuten war er schon fort etc. five minutes later he’d already gone etc.; schon von Anfang an right from the start, from the word go umg.; es ist schon 12 Uhr it’s twelve o’clock already; schon am nächsten Tag the very next day; schon um 6 Uhr waren sie auf they were already up at 6 o’clock; schon im 16. Jahrhundert as early ( oder as far back) as the 16th century; schon im 16. Jahrhundert gab es die Krankheit the disease was already around in the 16th century; das ist schon lange her that was long ago ( oder way back); das war schon vor zwanzig Jahren that was twenty (whole) years ago; wie lange sind Sie schon hier? how long have you been here?
    2. (bereits) already; (schon einmal, zuvor) before; (bis jetzt) so far; in Fragen: yet; (jemals) ever; ich habe schon eins umg. I’ve already got one; hast du schon einmal...? have you ever...?; sind Sie schon ( einmal) in Spanien gewesen? have you ever been to Spain?; ich war schon ein paar Mal / oft dort I’ve been there a couple of times / frequently; kennen Sie schon Herrn X? have you met Mr ( oder Mr.) X?, do you know Mr ( oder Mr.) X?; wir kennen uns schon we’ve met, we do know one another; ich habe ihn schon ( einmal) gesehen I’ve seen him before somewhere; danke, ich habe schon zu trinken etc.: no thanks, I’m fine; da ist er ja schon wieder he’s (iro. look who’s) back again; das kenne ich schon I know that, I’ve seen that before; bei Entschuldigungen: I’ve heard that one before; das kennen wir schon we know all about that, that’s an old one; ich habe schon bessere Weine getrunken I’ve tasted better wines in my time; hast du schon gehört? have you heard?; hast du schon mit ihm gesprochen? have you talked to him yet?; ist er schon da? has he come yet?, is he here yet?; (früher als erwartet) is he here already?; was, ( du bist) schon zurück? what, back already?; werden Sie schon bedient? are you being served?; ich bekomme schon it’s OK, I’m being looked after; er wollte schon gehen he was about ( oder all set) to go; warum willst du schon gehen? why are you leaving so early?
    3. zur Betonung (sogar, selbst) even; schon ein Milligramm des Gifts kann tödlich sein just ( oder even) one milligram(me) of the poison can kill you; ein Anruf hätte schon genügt (just) a phone call would have been enough; schon ein Unentschieden wäre ein Erfolg even a draw would be a success; schon für 10 Euro for only 10 euros; Herrenhemden schon ab 5 Euro men’s shirts from as little as 5 euros; ich komme (ja) schon! (I’m) coming!; da sind wir (ja) schon! here we are; schon war ich sauer umg. I was getting really annoyed; was gibt es denn ( nun) schon wieder? what is it now ( oder this time)?; ich verstehe schon I see
    4. (allein) schon seine Stimme just to hear his voice, his voice alone; schon der Name the mere (mention of the oder his etc.) name, just to hear the ( oder his etc.) name; schon der Anblick just to see it; schon der Gedanke the very idea, the mere thought (of it); schon deswegen if only for that (reason); schon wegen if only because of; der Kinder etc.: if only for the sake of; schon weil if only because; schon sie zu sehen (even) just to see her
    5. versichernd, verstärkend: sie wird’s schon schaffen she’ll make it all right; beruhigend: auch don’t worry, she’ll make it; er kommt schon noch he’ll come eventually; die Zinsen steigen schon noch the interest rates are bound to go up; the interest rates will go up, you’ll see; ich mach’s schon leave it to me; es wird schon gehen it’ll be all right, I’ll etc. manage (somehow); das ist schon möglich that could be; betonter: that’s quite possible; das lässt sich schon machen mit Vorbehalt: we etc. might be able to do that, it’s doable; (es ist kein Problem) that’s no problem, no problem umg.; wir können schon mit ihm reden (sind bereit) we don’t mind talking to him; ich kann mir schon denken, was... I can (just) imagine what...; er ist schon eingebildet he’s certainly bigheaded; das war schon Glückssache that really was a stroke of luck; das ist schon eine große Frechheit! that really is a bit much; schon gut! it’s all right, never mind; (das reicht) that’ll do
    6. umg., auffordernd, ermunternd: mach schon! get a move on, will you?; komm schon! come on, then; geh schon! go on, then; nun sag schon, wie’s war come on, tell us ( oder me) what it was like; gib’s schon zu! come on, admit it!
    7. einräumend oder bedingend: schon, aber... yes, but...; ich verstehe / möchte schon, aber... I can see that / I’d like to, but...; ich kenne sie schon, aber... I do know her, but...; sie müsste sich schon etwas mehr anstrengen she’d have to make more of an effort, of course; das ist schon wahr, aber... that’s (certainly) ( oder may be) true, but...; wenn du schon ( mal) da bist since you’re here
    8. (ohnehin) es ist so schon teuer genug it’s expensive enough as it is; schon gar nicht least of all; morgen schon gar nicht least of all tomorrow
    9. umg., rhetorisch: na wenn schon! so what; iro. so?; was macht das schon? what does it matter?; was heißt das schon? so?, that doesn’t mean a thing; wem nützt das schon? who is that supposed to help?; wer braucht / kauft so was schon? who on earth needs / buys something like that?; was verstehst du schon davon? what do you know about it?; wer könnte da schon nein sagen? who could possibly say no (to that)?; wer ist da? - na, wer schon? who’s there? - who do you think?
    10. umg.: wenn schon, denn schon (wenn man sich auf etw. einlässt) in for a penny (Am. dime), in for a pound (Am. dollar); (wenn man etw. unternimmt) anything worth doing, is worth doing well
    * * *
    ever; already; yet; by now
    * * *
    [ʃøːn]
    1. adj
    1) (= hübsch anzusehen) beautiful, lovely; Mann handsome

    na, schö́nes Kind (inf) — well then, beautiful (inf)

    See:
    → Auge
    2) (= nett, angenehm) good; Erlebnis, Stimme, Musik, Wetter good, lovely; Gelegenheit great, splendid

    die schö́nen Künste — the fine arts

    die schö́ne Literatur — belles-lettres sing

    das ist ein schö́ner Tod — that's a good way to die

    eines schö́nen Tages — one fine day

    (wieder) in schö́nster Ordnung (nach Krach etc) — back to normal (again)

    in schö́nster Eintracht or Harmonie — in perfect harmony

    das Schöne beim Skilaufen ist... — the nice thing about skiing is...

    das Schönste daran ist... — the beauty of it is..., the nicest or best thing about it is...

    schö́ne Ferien!, schö́nen Urlaub! — have a good or nice holiday (esp Brit) or vacation (US)

    schö́nes Wochenende — have a good or nice weekend

    schö́nen guten Tag — a very good morning/afternoon/evening to you

    war es schö́n im Urlaub? — did you have a nice or good holiday (esp Brit) or vacation (US)?

    war es schö́n bei Tante Veronika? — did you have a nice or good time at Aunt Veronika's?

    schö́n, dass du gekommen bist — nice of you to come

    es ist schö́n, dass du wieder da bist — it's good to have you back

    schö́ner, heißer Kaffee — nice hot coffee

    ein schö́ner frischer Wind — a nice fresh wind

    3) (iro) Unordnung fine, nice, lovely; Überraschung, Wetter lovely; Unsinn, Frechheit absolute

    du bist mir ein schö́ner Freund/Vater/Held etc — a fine friend/father/hero etc you are, you're some friend/father/hero etc

    du machst or das sind mir ja schö́ne Sachen or Geschichten — here's or this is a pretty state of things, here's a pretty kettle of fish (inf)

    von dir hört man schö́ne Sachen or Geschichten — I've been hearing some nice or fine things about you

    das wäre ja noch schö́ner (inf) — that's (just) too much!

    es wird immer schö́ner (inf) — things are going from bad to worse

    See:
    4) (inf = gut) nice

    das war nicht schö́n von dir (inf) — that wasn't very nice of you

    zu schö́n, um wahr zu sein (inf) — too good to be true

    schö́n, schö́n, (also) schö́n, sehr schö́n, na schö́n — fine, okay, all right

    schö́n und gut, aber... — (that's) all well and good but..., that's all very well but...

    5) (= beträchtlich, groß) Erfolg great; Strecke, Stück Arbeit, Alter good

    ein schö́nes Stück weiterkommen — to make good progress

    eine ganz schö́ne Leistung — quite an achievement

    eine ganz schö́ne Arbeit — quite a lot of work

    eine ganz schö́ne Menge — quite a lot

    das hat eine schö́ne Stange Geld gekostet (inf) — that cost a pretty penny

    2. adv
    1)

    (= hübsch) sich schö́n anziehen — to get dressed up

    schö́n machen (Kind) — to dress up; (Wohnung, Straßen) to decorate

    sich schö́n machen — to get dressed up, to dress (oneself) up

    2) (bei Verben) (= gut) well; sich waschen, verarbeiten lassen easily; scheinen brightly; schreiben beautifully; (= richtig, genau) ansehen, durchlesen etc carefully

    es schö́n haben — to be well off; (im Urlaub etc) to have a good time (of it)

    etw am schö́nsten machen — to do sth best

    See:
    → danke, bitte
    3)

    (= angenehm) schö́n weich/warm/stark etc — nice and soft/warm/strong etc

    4)

    (bei Wünschen) schlaf schö́n — sleep well

    amüsiere dich schö́n — have a nice or good time

    erhole dich schö́n — have a good rest

    See:
    5) (inf = brav, lieb) nicely

    iss mal schö́n deinen Teller leer — eat it all up nicely (now), be a good girl/boy and eat it all up

    sag schö́n "Guten Tag" — say "hello" nicely

    sei schö́n still/ordentlich etc (als Aufforderung) — be nice and quiet/tidy etc

    sei schö́n brav — be a good boy/girl

    fahr schö́n langsam — drive nice and slowly

    See:
    6) (inf = sehr, ziemlich) really

    schö́n wehtun — to hurt oneself a lot

    sich schö́n täuschen — to make a big mistake

    sich schö́n ärgern — to be very angry

    jdn schö́n erschrecken — to give sb quite a or a real fright

    ganz schö́n teuer/kalt — pretty expensive/cold

    (ganz) schö́n weit weg — a long or good way off, quite a distance away

    ganz schö́n lange — quite a while

    (ganz) schö́n viel Geld kosten — to cost a pretty penny

    * * *
    1) (before a particular time; previously: I had already gone when Tom arrived; I don't want that book - I've read it already.) already
    2) (before the expected time: Are you leaving already?; He hasn't gone already, has he?) already
    3) yet
    * * *
    [ʃo:n]
    I. adv
    sind wir \schon da? are we there yet?
    hast du \schon gehört? have you heard?
    sie kommen \schon heute they're coming today
    du willst \schon gehen? you want to leave now [or already]?
    nach fünf Minuten war ich \schon fertig I was finished after only five minutes, I was already finished after five minutes
    \schon bald darauf very soon after
    ▪ es ist \schon...:
    es ist \schon spät it is already late [or late already
    nur eine Minute, und \schon bin ich weg just one minute, and then I'm gone
    kaum leg ich mich hin, \schon klingelt das Telefon wieder I hardly have time to lie down before the telephone rings yet again form
    kaum verließ sie das Zimmer, \schon rauchte er she had hardly left the room when he lit up
    ihr könnt [ja] \schon [mal] anfangen you can start now
    was, \schon 5 Uhr? what, 5 o'clock already?
    er wiegt \schon 200 kg! he now weighs 200 kg!
    eine kleine Menge kann \schon Wunder wirken just [or even] a small amount can work wonders
    \schon ein Teilerfolg würde sich lohnen even a partial success would be worth it
    CD-Rohlinge gibt es \schon für ein paar Cent blank CDs can be had for as little as a few cents
    \schon 8-Jährige surfen im Internet children as young as eight are surfing the internet
    \schon in den Siebzigern gab es Mikrocomputer there were microcomputers as early as [or back in] the seventies
    \schon Ovid schrieb darüber/über diese Idee that/that idea is as old as Ovid
    \schon als Kind wollte ich Schauspieler werden since I was a child I've always wanted to be an actor
    \schon damals/gestern/jetzt even at that time/even yesterday/even now
    \schon früh early on
    \schon immer always
    sie war \schon immer schwierig she always was difficult
    ich sagte es ja \schon immer I've always said so
    \schon seit Jahren for years [now]
    \schon lange/länger for a long time [now]
    \schon längst (die ganze Zeit) for ages; (vor langer Zeit) ages ago
    \schon oft several times [already]
    das kenn ich \schon I know that already
    ich wollte vorher \schon fragen I wanted to ask anyway
    \schon [ein]mal ever
    hast du \schon mal Austern gegessen? have you ever eaten oysters?
    wie \schon gesagt as was/has been said already [or beforehand]
    wie \schon so oft as was/has been often the case [before]
    warum sich beklagen? es geht uns \schon so schlecht why complain? we're badly off as it is
    \schon darum/deshalb/aus dem Grunde for that reason alone
    \schon die Tatsache, dass... the fact alone that..., the very fact that...
    \schon Grund genug sein to be already reason enough; s.a. allein
    II. part
    das ist \schon eine Schande! that really is a disgrace!
    es ist \schon wahr it's true all right
    ich sehe \schon,... I can see,...
    ich kann mir \schon denken, was du willst I can well imagine what you want
    das will \schon was heißen those are promising words
    du wirst \schon sehen! you'll see!
    es ist \schon angenehm, nichts zu tun it really is pleasant doing nothing
    das will ich nicht, und \schon gar nicht von dir I don't want it, and especially not from you
    \schon wieder [once] again
    nicht das/sie \schon wieder! not that/her again!
    2. (fam: endlich)
    jetzt komm \schon! hurry up!
    hör \schon auf damit! will you stop that!
    sag doch \schon! out with it!
    geh \schon! go on!
    gib \schon her! come on, give it here!
    mach \schon! hurry up!
    wenn du \schon nicht bleibst, [dann] iss eine Kleinigkeit if you really can't stay, then have a bite to eat
    wenn ich euch \schon fahre, dann [aber] vor Mitternacht if I do drive you, then before midnight
    4. (irgendwie) all right
    danke, es geht \schon thanks, I can manage
    es wird \schon klappen it will work out all right
    5. (irgendwann) in the end, one day
    es wird \schon noch [mal] klappen it will work out in the end [or one day
    ich glaube \schon I think so
    so was kann \schon mal vorkommen such things can happen
    Lust hätte ich \schon, nur keine Zeit I do feel like it, I simply don't have time
    das stimmt \schon that's true enough
    das ist \schon möglich/wahr that's possible/true, I suppose
    \schon möglich, aber [o doch] [o nur] nicht sehr wahrscheinlich that's possible, but not very probable
    [ja] \schon[, aber...] [well] yes [or sure] [, but...]
    findest du sie attraktiv? — ja, \schon do you think she's attractive? — yes, she's okay
    \schon gut! okay! fam
    und [o na] wenn \schon! (fam) so what? fam
    wir durften nicht draußen spielen, die anderen [aber] \schon we weren't allowed to play outside, but the others were
    auf dieser Straße kommen Sie nicht nach Köln, auf der \schon you won't get to Cologne on this road, but on that one
    8. (usu pej: ausgerechnet)
    was ist \schon Reichtum? what's wealth of all things?
    was hast du \schon zu sagen? what have you of all people got to say?
    was sind \schon zehn Jahre? what do ten years matter?
    was macht das \schon? what does it matter?
    was nützt das \schon? what possible use is that?
    wen interessiert das \schon? who's possibly interested?
    wenn ich das \schon rieche/sehe! the mere smell/sight of that!
    wenn ich das \schon höre! just hearing about it!; s.a. ja, möglich
    wie war \schon Ihr Name? what was your name again?
    * * *
    1.

    er kommt schon heute/ist schon gestern gekommen — he's coming today/he came yesterday

    er ist schon da/[an]gekommen — he is already here/has already arrived

    schon damals/jetzt — even at that time or in those days/even now

    schon [im Jahre] 1926 — as early as 1926; back in 1926

    2) (fast gleichzeitig) there and then

    er schwang sich auf das Fahrrad, und schon war er weg — he jumped on the bicycle and was away [in a flash]

    schon [mal] — now; (inzwischen) meanwhile

    4) (selbst, sogar) even; (nur) only
    5) (ohne Ergänzung, ohne weiteren Zusatz) on its own

    [allein] schon der Gedanke daran ist schrecklich — the mere thought or just the thought of it is dreadful

    schon darum od. aus diesem Grund — for this reason alone

    2.
    1) (verstärkend) really; (gewiss) certainly
    2) (ugs. ungeduldig): (endlich)

    nun komm schon! — come on!; hurry up!

    und wenn schon! — so what; what if he/she/it does/did/was etc.

    er wird sich schon wieder erholen — he'll recover all right; he's sure to recover

    4) (zustimmend, aber etwas einschränkend)

    schon gut — OK (coll.)

    Lust hätte ich schon, nur keine Zeit — I'd certainly like to, but I've no time

    das ist schon möglich, nur... — that is quite possible, only...

    5) (betont): (andererseits)

    er ist nicht besonders intelligent, aber sein Bruder schon — he's not particularly intelligent, but his brother is

    6) (einschränkend, abwertend)

    was weiß der schon! — what does 'he know [about it]!

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. (attraktiv) nice; (ausgesprochen schön) beautiful; Frau: auch attractive; Mann: handsome, good-looking; Kind: lovely; Tier: beautiful;
    schöne Schrift nice handwriting;
    schöne Stimme attractive voice; Singstimme: beautiful voice;
    er ist kein schöner Mann, aber … he’s not good-looking (hum he’s no Adonis), but …;
    eine hinreißend schöne Frau a stunningly beautiful woman;
    sich schön machen dress up, make o.s. smart (US neat); (sich schminken) put one’s make-up ( oder face umg) on;
    sich für jemanden schön machen try to look one’s best for sb;
    sei schön und halt den Mund! umg be a wonderful friend ( oder do me a favo[u]r) and keep your mouth shut
    2.
    die schönen Künste the fine arts;
    schöne Literatur belles-lettres pl, belletristic literature
    3. (gut) good; (nett) nice; (erlesen) fine, choice;
    ein schöner Erfolg a great success;
    schönes Wetter good ( oder fine) weather;
    ein schönes Beispiel der Barockdichtung a fine example of Baroque poetry;
    schönen Dank! many thanks; abweisend: no thank you, thanks but no thanks umg;
    schön! als Zustimmung: all right, fine; umg okay;
    na schön! (also gut) all right then;
    zu schön, um wahr zu sein too good to be true;
    das ist alles schön und gut, aber … that’s all very well, but …;
    das Schöne daran the great thing about it;
    das Schönste kommt noch besonders iron you haven’t heard the best part yet, it gets better; → anrichten
    4. (angenehm) nice, pleasant;
    schöner heißer Tee umg nice hot (cup of) tea;
    ein paar schöne Stunden a few pleasant ( stärker: happy) hours;
    es war sehr schön auf dem Fest it was great ( oder very nice);
    das war ein schöner Tag that was a lovely day;
    schönen Tag noch! besonders US have a nice day;
    schönes Wochenende! have a nice weekend;
    war es schön im Urlaub? did you have a nice holiday?;
    das ist schön von ihm that’s (very) kind ( oder nice) of him;
    schöner Tod easy death;
    schön wär’s! wouldn’t that be nice; (ist unwahrscheinlich) what a hope!, that’ll be the day!;
    er macht nur schöne Worte it’s all fine words with him
    5. umg (beträchtlich) considerable;
    eine schöne Strecke laufen walk quite a way ( oder distance);
    eine ganz schöne Entfernung quite a considerable distance;
    ein schönes Stück vorankommen make a fair bit of progress;
    ein schönes Stück Arbeit a pretty big job;
    eine schöne Summe a tidy sum;
    ein ganz schönes Alter a fine old age;
    das ist ja eine schöne Enttäuschung that’s a big disappointment
    6. umg, iron:
    das sind mir schöne Sachen that’s a fine kettle of fish;
    du bist mir ein schöner Freund a fine friend you are;
    das wäre ja noch schöner! that’d be the last straw, that’s the last thing we want; → Aussicht, Bescherung etc
    7.
    eines schönen Tages one day; zukünftig: one of these days
    B. adv
    1. nicely, beautifully etc; → A
    2. umg (sehr) really, pretty;
    schön warm nice and warm;
    der Kaffee ist schön/ganz schön heiß the coffee is nice and hot/really hot;
    ganz schön kalt auch damned cold;
    sei schön brav! be a good boy ( oder girl) now;
    bleib schön ruhig zum Kind: you be quiet now; (keine Aufregung) just keep calm now;
    es ist ganz schön schwer that’s some weight; (schwierig) it’s pretty difficult;
    du hast mich ganz schön erschreckt you gave me quite a scare;
    da wärst du schön dumm you’d be a right (US complete) fool
    3.
    du hast es schön! lucky you!
    4. umg, iron:
    jetzt steh ich schön da I look a right (US complete) fool now;
    da ist er aber schön angekommen he got more than he had bargained for;
    es kommt noch schöner it gets even better, you haven’t heard the best part yet
    5.
    wie man so schön sagt umg as they say;
    wie es so schön heißt umg as the saying goes; → schönmachen, schöntun
    * * *
    1.

    er kommt schon heute/ist schon gestern gekommen — he's coming today/he came yesterday

    er ist schon da/[an]gekommen — he is already here/has already arrived

    schon damals/jetzt — even at that time or in those days/even now

    schon [im Jahre] 1926 — as early as 1926; back in 1926

    2) (fast gleichzeitig) there and then

    er schwang sich auf das Fahrrad, und schon war er weg — he jumped on the bicycle and was away [in a flash]

    schon [mal] — now; (inzwischen) meanwhile

    4) (selbst, sogar) even; (nur) only
    5) (ohne Ergänzung, ohne weiteren Zusatz) on its own

    [allein] schon der Gedanke daran ist schrecklich — the mere thought or just the thought of it is dreadful

    schon darum od. aus diesem Grund — for this reason alone

    2.
    1) (verstärkend) really; (gewiss) certainly
    2) (ugs. ungeduldig): (endlich)

    nun komm schon! — come on!; hurry up!

    und wenn schon! — so what; what if he/she/it does/did/was etc.

    er wird sich schon wieder erholen — he'll recover all right; he's sure to recover

    4) (zustimmend, aber etwas einschränkend)

    schon gut — OK (coll.)

    Lust hätte ich schon, nur keine Zeit — I'd certainly like to, but I've no time

    das ist schon möglich, nur... — that is quite possible, only...

    5) (betont): (andererseits)

    er ist nicht besonders intelligent, aber sein Bruder schon — he's not particularly intelligent, but his brother is

    6) (einschränkend, abwertend)

    was weiß der schon! — what does 'he know [about it]!

    * * *
    adv.
    already adv.
    yet adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schön

  • 35 erst

    Adv.
    1. (als erstes) first; (anfangs, dann nicht mehr) at first; erst einmal first; wir müssen erst ( einmal) aufräumen auch we’ve got to tidy (Am. clean) up before we do anything else; erst hatte sie noch Angst, aber dann... at first she was still frightened, but then...; erst mal stimmt das gar nicht, und dann... first(ly) ( oder for a start) it’s not true, and then...
    2. (nicht früher als) only, not until ( oder till); zukunftsbezogen: auch not before; erst als oder wenn only when; erst jetzt / dann only now / then, not until ( oder till) now / then; erst jetzt wissen wir... only now do we know..., not until ( oder till) now did we know...; erst in zehn Minuten not for ten minutes, in ten minutes’ time; erst als er anrief, wurde mir klar... it was only when he rang up (Am. called) that I realized...; erst nach der Vorstellung not until ( oder till) after the performance
    3. (nicht länger zurückliegend als) only, just; ( eben oder gerade) erst just; erst gestern only yesterday; erst vor kurzem only a short while ago; ich habe sie erst letzte Woche gesehen I saw her only last week, it was only last week (that) I saw her
    4. (bloß) only, just; sie ist erst zwanzig she is only twenty; es ist erst zwei Tage her it’s only two days ago; mit einer Arbeit erst am Anfang sein have (only) just begun a job, be still (only) at the beginning of a job; ich habe erst zwei Antworten bekommen I’ve only had two replies (so far)
    5. zukünftig: (noch) still, yet; das muss sich erst noch zeigen that remains to be seen; der muss erst noch geboren werden, der... no one has yet been born who..., the man has yet to be born who...; wenn du erst so alt bist wie ich when you get to my age; wenn wir erst reich sind, werden wir... when ( oder once) we’re rich ( oder wait till we’re rich), then we’ll...; wäre er erst (nur schon) hier! if only he were here
    6. hervorhebend, steigernd: ich bin so müde - und ich erst! how about me then!; was glaubst du, wie mir erst zumute ist? how do you think 'I feel? du solltest ihn erst mal sehen! (just) wait till you see him; das versuche ich erst gar nicht I shan’t (Am. won’t) even bother to try (it); was wird sie erst sagen, wenn sie das erfährt? whatever is she going to say when she hears about that then?; was wird erst Peter dazu sagen? whatever is Peter going to say about it?
    7. erst recht all the more; jetzt erst recht nicht! absolutely definitely not!; that settles it, no!, Am. no way!; dann kann er es ja erst recht tun all the more reason (for him) to do so; jetzt zeig ich’s ihr erst recht! now I’m really going to show her; das macht es erst recht schlimm that makes it even worse
    * * *
    not till (Adv.); only (Adv.); at first (Adv.); not until (Adv.)
    * * *
    [eːɐst]
    adv
    1) first; (= anfänglich) at first

    mach érst (ein)mal die Arbeit fertig — finish your work first

    érst mal ist das gar nicht wahr... — first or for one thing it's just not true...

    érst einmal musst du an deine Pflicht denken — you should consider your duty first

    wenn du das érst einmal hinter dir hast — once you've got that behind you

    érst wollte er, dann wieder nicht — first he wanted to, then he didn't

    See:
    → Arbeit
    2) (= nicht mehr als, bloß) only; (= nicht früher als auch) not until

    eben or gerade érst — just

    érst gestern — only yesterday

    érst jetzt verstehe ich... — I have only just understood...

    érst jetzt wissen wir... — it is only now that we know...

    érst morgen — not until or before tomorrow

    érst vor Kurzem — only a short time ago

    es ist érst 6 Uhr — it is only 6 o'clock

    wir fahren érst übermorgen/érst später — we're not going until the day after tomorrow/until later

    sie war érst 6 Jahre — she was only 6

    érst als — only when, not until

    érst wenn — only if or when, not until

    3) (emph = gar, nun gar)

    da gings érst richtig los — then it really got going

    was wird Mutter érst sagen! — whatever will mother say!

    was wird dann érst passieren? — whatever will happen then?

    sie ist schon ziemlich blöd, aber érst ihre Schwester! — she is fairly stupid, but you should see her sister!

    da fange ich érst gar nicht an — I simply won't (bother to) begin

    wie wird er sich érst ärgern, wenn er das noch erfährt — he really will be annoyed when he finds out about that

    jetzt érst recht/recht nicht! — that just makes me all the more determined

    da tat er es érst recht! — so he did it deliberately

    das macht es érst recht schlimm — that makes it even worse or all the worse

    da habe ich mich érst recht geärgert — then I really did get annoyed

    4)

    wäre er doch érst zurück! — if only he were back!

    diese Gerüchte darf man gar nicht érst aufkommen lassen — these rumours (Brit) or rumors (US) mustn't even be allowed to start

    * * *
    1) (before all others in place, time or rank: the first person to arrive; The boy spoke first.) first
    2) (not longer ago than: I saw him only yesterday.) only
    3) (first or leading: Italy's premier industrialist.) premier
    * * *
    [ˈe:ɐ̯st]
    I. adv
    1. (zuerst) [at] first
    \erst sagst du ja, dann wieder nein! first you say yes, then you say no again!
    \erst schien noch die Sonne, aber dann fing es bald an zu regnen at first it was sunny but it soon started to rain
    mach \erst [ein]mal die Arbeit fertig finish your work first
    wenn du das \erst einmal hinter dir hast once you've got that over with
    2. (nicht früher als) only
    wecken Sie mich bitte \erst um 8 Uhr! please don't wake me until 8 o'clock!
    er hat mich \erst darauf aufmerksam gemacht, als es schon zu spät war he didn't draw my attention to it until it was too late
    ich brauche die Rechnung \erst in 5 Wochen zu bezahlen I don't need to pay the bill for another 5 weeks
    \erst gestern/heute/morgen only yesterday/today/tomorrow
    der nächste Zug fährt \erst morgen the next train doesn't leave until tomorrow
    \erst jetzt only now
    eben/gerade \erst [only] just
    \erst vor kurzem only recently, only just
    \erst als... only when...
    \erst wenn only if
    \erst..., wenn only... if
    3. (bloß) only
    an deiner Stelle würde ich \erst gar nicht anfangen if I was in your shoes I wouldn't even start
    wenn wir zu Hause sind, dann kannst du \erst was erleben! when we get home you'll be in real trouble!
    ▶ \erst recht all the more
    ▶ jetzt \erst recht/recht nicht!
    jetzt zeigst du es ihr \erst recht! now you can really show her!
    tu, was man dir sagt! — nein, jetzt \erst recht nicht! do what you're told! no, now I definitely won't do it!
    * * *
    1.
    1) (zuerst) first

    erst einmal — first [of all]

    2) (nicht eher als)

    er will erst in drei Tagen/einer Stunde zurückkommen — he won't be back for three days/an hour

    erst nächste Woche/um 12 Uhr — not until next week/12 o'clock

    er war erst zufrieden, als... — he was not satisfied until...

    3) (noch nicht mehr als) only

    erst eine Stunde/halb soviel — only an hour/half as much

    2.

    so was lese ich gar nicht erst — I don't even start reading that sort of stuff

    * * *
    erst adv
    1. (als erstes) first; (anfangs, dann nicht mehr) at first;
    erst einmal first;
    wir müssen erst (einmal) aufräumen auch we’ve got to tidy (US clean) up before we do anything else;
    erst hatte sie noch Angst, aber dann … at first she was still frightened, but then …;
    erst mal stimmt das gar nicht, und dann … first(ly) ( oder for a start) it’s not true, and then …
    2. (nicht früher als) only, not until ( oder till); zukunftsbezogen: auch not before;
    wenn only when;
    erst jetzt/dann only now/then, not until ( oder till) now/then;
    erst jetzt wissen wir … only now do we know …, not until ( oder till) now did we know …;
    erst in zehn Minuten not for ten minutes, in ten minutes’ time;
    erst als er anrief, wurde mir klar … it was only when he rang up (US called) that I realized …;
    erst nach der Vorstellung not until ( oder till) after the performance
    3. (nicht länger zurückliegend als) only, just;
    (
    erst just;
    erst gestern only yesterday;
    erst vor Kurzem only a short while ago;
    ich habe sie erst letzte Woche gesehen I saw her only last week, it was only last week (that) I saw her
    4. (bloß) only, just;
    sie ist erst zwanzig she is only twenty;
    es ist erst zwei Tage her it’s only two days ago;
    mit einer Arbeit erst am Anfang sein have (only) just begun a job, be still ( only) at the beginning of a job;
    ich habe erst zwei Antworten bekommen I’ve only had two replies (so far)
    5. zukünftig: (noch) still, yet;
    das muss sich erst noch zeigen that remains to be seen;
    der muss erst noch geboren werden, der … no one has yet been born who …, the man has yet to be born who …;
    wenn du erst so alt bist wie ich when you get to my age;
    wenn wir erst reich sind, werden wir … when ( oder once) we’re rich ( oder wait till we’re rich), then we’ll …;
    wäre er erst (nur schon)
    hier! if only he were here
    6. hervorhebend, steigernd: ich bin so müde -
    und ich erst! how about me then!;
    was glaubst du, wie mir erst zumute ist? how do you think 'I feel?
    du solltest ihn erst mal sehen! (just) wait till you see him;
    das versuche ich erst gar nicht I shan’t (US won’t) even bother to try (it);
    was wird sie erst sagen, wenn sie das erfährt? whatever is she going to say when she hears about that then?;
    was wird erst Peter dazu sagen? whatever is Peter going to say about it?
    7.
    erst recht all the more;
    jetzt erst recht nicht! absolutely definitely not!; that settles it, no!, US no way!;
    dann kann er es ja erst recht tun all the more reason (for him) to do so;
    jetzt zeig ich’s ihr erst recht! now I’m really going to show her;
    das macht es erst recht schlimm that makes it even worse
    erst… num
    1. first;
    als Erstes first of all, to start with;
    erstes Kapitel chapter one;
    Erste Hilfe first aid;
    am ersten Mai on the first of May, on May the first;
    1. Mai 1st May, besonders US May 1(st);
    heute ist der Erste it’s the first (of the month) today;
    am Ersten (des Monats) on the first (of the month);
    (am) nächsten/letzten Ersten on the first of next/last month;
    jemandem zum nächsten Ersten kündigen give sb notice for the first of the following month;
    er war Erster he was ( oder came) first;
    er war der Erste, der … he was the first to (+inf)
    Karl I. Charles I (= Charles the First);
    zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, (und) zum Dritten! Auktion: going, going, gone!;
    100 zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, (und) zum Dritten 100 for the first time ( oder once), for the second time ( oder twice), gone!;
    zum Ersten möchte ich festhalten, dass… in the first place, first of all
    2. (best…) Klasse, Wahl: first; Qualität: prime;
    erster Rang THEAT, Kino: dress circle;
    Hotel am Platze the best hotel in town ( oder in the place);
    sie wurde Erste she finished first;
    er ist Erster (der Klasse) he’s top of the class;
    Erste(r) von hinten umg, hum last; bottom;
    die Ersten werden die Letzten sein BIBEL the first shall be last
    3. (vorläufig) first;
    das ist nur ein erster Entwurf it’s only a first draft;
    fürs Erste for the moment, for the time being
    4. SCHIFF:
    Erster Offizier First Officer ( oder Mate)
    5.
    erste Beste → erstbest…; → Ehe, Hand1 2, Linie 1, Mal1 etc
    * * *
    1.
    1) (zuerst) first

    erst einmal — first [of all]

    er will erst in drei Tagen/einer Stunde zurückkommen — he won't be back for three days/an hour

    erst nächste Woche/um 12 Uhr — not until next week/12 o'clock

    er war erst zufrieden, als... — he was not satisfied until...

    erst eine Stunde/halb soviel — only an hour/half as much

    2.
    * * *
    adj.
    first adj.
    foremost adj.
    lead-off adj.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > erst

  • 36 para

    prep.
    1 for.
    es para ti it's for you
    una mesa para el salón a table for the living room
    esta agua no es buena para beber this water isn't fit for drinking o to drink
    te lo repetiré para que te enteres I'll repeat it so you understand
    ¿para qué? what for?
    2 (in order) to.
    para conseguir sus propósitos in order to achieve his aims
    lo he hecho para agradarte I did it to please you
    3 toward.
    ir para casa to head (for) home
    salir para el aeropuerto to leave for the airport
    4 for (time).
    tiene que estar acabado para mañana it has to be finished by o for tomorrow
    5 to.
    la comida está lista para servir the meal is ready to be served
    el atleta está preparado para ganar the athlete is ready to win
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: parar.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: parir.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: parar.
    * * *
    2 (uso, utilidad) for
    ■ los cuchillos son para cortar, no para jugar con ellos knives are for cutting, not for playing with
    ■ ¿tienes algo para el dolor de cabeza? have you got anything for a headache?
    3 (destino, dirección) for, to
    ■ el tren para Toledo sale a las 18.00 the train to Toledo leaves at 18.00
    ■ ¿para dónde vas? where are you going?
    4 (tiempo, fechas límites) by, before
    1 (finalidad) to, in order to
    2 (suficiente) enough
    \
    para entonces by then
    para con towards, to
    para que so that
    ¿para qué? what for?
    ■ ¿para qué has comprado eso? what did you buy that for?
    ¡que para qué! familiar very, really, terribly
    ■ ¡hace un frío que para qué! it's freezing
    ■ ¡es más torpe que para qué! she's so clumsy!
    * * *
    prep.
    1) for
    2) to
    4) by
    •
    - para detrás
    - para que
    * * *
    I
    PREP
    1) [indicando finalidad, uso] for

    es demasiado cara para nosotros — it's too dear for us, it's beyond our means

    para esto, podíamos habernos quedado en casa — if this is it, we might as well have stayed at home

    2)

    para que —

    a) + subjun
    b) [en preguntas]

    ¿para qué lo quieres? — why do you want it?, what do you want it for?

    ¿para qué sirve? — what's it for?

    -¿por qué no se lo dices? -¿para qué? — "why don't you tell her?" - "what's the point o use?"

    tú ya has pasado por eso, ¿para qué te voy a contar? — you've already been through that, so there's no point o use me telling you

    tengo un hambre que para qué — [uso enfático] I'm absolutely starving *

    3) + infin
    a) [indicando finalidad] to

    estoy ahorrando para comprarme una moto — I'm saving up to buy a motorbike, I'm saving up for a motorbike

    no es para comer — it's not for eating, it's not to be eaten

    b) [indicando secuencia temporal]
    4) [con expresiones de tiempo]

    un cuarto para las diez — LAm a quarter to ten

    son cinco para las ocho — LAm it's five to eight

    5) [indicando dirección]

    para atrás — back, backwards

    el autobús para Marbella — the bus for Marbella, the Marbella bus

    ir para casa — to go home, head for home

    6) [indicando opiniones]

    para mí que miente — in my opinion o if you ask me he's lying

    7) [en comparaciones]

    ¿quién es usted para gritarme así? — who are you to shout at me like that?

    para patatas, las de mi pueblo — if it's potatoes you want, look no further than my home town

    para ruidosos, los españoles — there's nobody like the Spaniards for being noisy

    8) [indicando trato]

    para con — to, towards

    tan amable para con todos — so kind to o towards everybody

    estar 1., 7), ir 1., 10) II
    * SM paratrooper, para *
    * * *
    1) (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for

    ¿para qué revista escribes? — what magazine do you write for?

    ¿para qué sirve esto? — what's this (used) for?

    ¿para qué lo quieres? — what do you want it for?

    ¿para qué se lo dijiste? — what did you tell him for?

    que para qué decirte/hablar — (fam)

    tenían un hambre que para qué decirte/hablar — they were starving

    2)

    para + inf — to + inf

    3)

    para que + subj: lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me; pídeselo - ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it - so he can say no?; cierra para que no nos oigan — close the door so (that) they don't hear us

    para + inf: soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it; bastante tengo yo (como) para estar ocupándome de ti I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with yours as well; es (como) para matarlo! (fam) I'll kill him! (colloq); para que + subj: basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa — he only has to appear for her to get flustered

    6) (en comparaciones, contrastes)

    para lo que come, no está gordo — considering how much he eats, he's not fat

    para el caso que me hacen...! — for all the notice they take of me...

    para + inf: para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent; ¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?; para que + subj: es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own; tanto esforzarme por ellos para que no te lo agradezcan! — after all that effort I made for them they didn't even say thankyou!

    7)

    estar para algo/+ inf — ( indicando estado)

    para mí que no viene — if you ask me, he won't come

    para su padre, es un genio — in his father's opinion o as far as his father's concerned, he is a genius

    ¿qué es lo más importante para ti? — what's the most important thing for you?

    9)

    empuja para arriba — push up o upward(s)

    ¿vas para el centro? — are you going to o toward(s) the center?

    va para los 50 años — she's going o (BrE) getting on for fifty

    a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo)

    ¿cuánto te falta para terminar? — how much have you got left to do?

    ¿para cuándo espera? — when is the baby due?

    b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to
    11)

    tengo para rato — (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)

    esto va para largo — (fam) this is going to take some time

    ¿qué le regalo para el cumpleaños? — what can I give him for his birthday?

    se fue para nunca volver — (liter) she went away never to return

    * * *
    = for, for, for the sake of, in order to, in respect of, in the interest(s) of, in the interest(s) of, so as, toward(s), within, in an attempt to, in an effort to, for purposes of, in a bid to, as a means of, in a drive to, in the drive to, if + Nombre + be + to.
    Ex. For newly created authority entries the date recorded is the date the entry was created.
    Ex. This gamut of information presents the indexer and user with problems in choosing access points for conference proceedings.
    Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.
    Ex. Any attempt to organise knowledge must, in order to justify the effort of organisation, have an objective.
    Ex. It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.
    Ex. In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex. In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex. A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.
    Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex. Most data base producers have in-house guidelines for bibliographic description, and aim to achieve consistency of citation within their products.
    Ex. The first treaty of all was designed to pool the coal and steel resources of Europe in an attempt to overcome the devastation of the Second World War and to foster the concept of European unity.
    Ex. Many libraries have had fine free days or weeks in an effort to entice strayed material back.
    Ex. This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.
    Ex. In a bid to leapfrog stages of development, some transitional economies are investing heavily in building up information age infrastructures.
    Ex. The idea of tiered, or multilayered, citation is proposed as a means of testing this hypothesis = Se propone la idea de citar de una forma estratificada o por niveles para comprobar esta hipótesis.
    Ex. The library has contracted out the management of its computerized information system to Dynix in a drive to improve library service.
    Ex. The story of the postwar diner suggests some ways that purveyors of consumer commodities finessed and exploited emergent social dislocations in the drive to expand and diversify markets.
    Ex. Some foods such as vegetable preserves which result from complicated and fragile fermentations must be made at specific times of the year if they are to succeed.
    ----
    * ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.
    * para abrir boca = as a kind of + appetiser.
    * para actuar = for action.
    * para alguna gente = to some people.
    * para algunas personas = to some people.
    * para algunos = to some.
    * para aquel entonces = by then.
    * para atraer al cliente = window dressing.
    * para beneficio de = for the good of.
    * para bien = for the best, for the better.
    * para bien de = in the best interests of, for the good of.
    * para bien de Alguien = in + Posesivo + best interest.
    * para bien o para mal = for better or (for) worse, for good or (for) ill, for good or (for) evil.
    * para bodas = bridal.
    * para chuparse los dedos = scrumptious, yummy [yummier -comp., yummiest -sup.].
    * para cocinar uno mismo = self-catering.
    * para colmo = into the bargain, into the bargain, to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse, for good measure, to add insult to injury.
    * para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.
    * para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para concluir = in closing, in conclusion, to wrap things up.
    * para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para cuando = by the time.
    * para cubrir gastos = on a cost-recovery basis.
    * para cubrirse las espaldas = as a backup.
    * para decir la verdad = to be honest.
    * para detrimento de = to the neglect of.
    * para diario = everyday.
    * para disgusto de = to the disgust of.
    * para divertirse = for kicks.
    * para echar sal en la herida = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para el año próximo = for the year ahead.
    * para el arrastre = over the hill.
    * para el beneficio de = for the benefit of.
    * para el bien de = for the benefit of.
    * para el caso = for that matter.
    * para el esparcimiento = recreational.
    * para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.
    * para el inglés su casa es su castillo = an Englishman's home is his castle.
    * para ello = to that end, to this end, to that effect, therefor.
    * para el ocio = recreational.
    * para el que lo quiera = up for grabs.
    * para embalsamar = embalming.
    * para empeorar las cosas = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para empezar = for one, initially, to start with, to begin with, for starters, first off.
    * para entonces = by then.
    * para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.
    * para eso = therefor.
    * para este fin = to this end.
    * para esto = therefor.
    * para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * para expresar dimensiones = by.
    * para + Fecha = by + Fecha.
    * para finales de = by the end of.
    * para finales de + Expresión Temporal = by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * para finalizar = in closing.
    * para fines múltiples = multipurpose [multi-purpose].
    * para futuras consultas = for future reference.
    * para hacer dinero = money-making.
    * para hacer esto = in this.
    * para hacer fundas = sleeving.
    * para hacer juego = to match.
    * para hacer justicia = in fairness to.
    * para hacer las paces = peace offering.
    * para hacerlo + Adjetivo = for + Nombre's sake.
    * para hacer más fácil = for ease of.
    * para impresionar = for effect.
    * para + Infinitivo = for + Gerundio.
    * para jóvenes = youth-serving.
    * para la eternidad = in perpetuity.
    * para la evaluación de hipótesis = hypothesis-testing.
    * para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.
    * para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.
    * para la posteridad = for posterity.
    * para la web = Web-related.
    * para llamar la atención = for effect.
    * para mantener ocupado = keep-busy.
    * para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.
    * para más información = for further details.
    * para más inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * para mayor información sobre = for details of.
    * para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.
    * para mayor inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * para mí = for myself.
    * para microordenadores = micro-computer based.
    * para nada = in vain, to no avail, without any avail, vainly, of no avail.
    * para no = so as not to.
    * para + Nombre = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * para no ser menos = not to be outdone.
    * para novias = bridal.
    * para + Número = seat + Número.
    * para ordenadores personales = microcomputer-based, PC-based.
    * para orquesta = orchestral.
    * para otra ocasión = for future reference.
    * para para lavarse la cara = washrag.
    * para partirse de risa = side-splitting.
    * para PCs = PC-based.
    * para pelearse hacen falta dos = it takes two to tangle, it takes two to tango, it takes two to make a quarrel.
    * para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.
    * para + Posesivo + disgusto = to + Posesivo + chagrin.
    * para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.
    * para + Posesivo + sorpresa = to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para posteriores usos = for subsequent use.
    * para principios de siglo = by the turn of the century.
    * para + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.
    * para protegerse = protectively.
    * para que = in order that, so that, seeing that.
    * para que así conste = for the record.
    * para que este sea el caso = for this to be the case.
    * para que esto sea así = for this to be the case.
    * para que no falte = for good measure.
    * para que no falte de nada = for good measure.
    * para que no + Subjuntivo = if + Nombre + be not + to + Infinitivo, lest + Frase Verbal.
    * para que no vaya a faltar = for good measure.
    * para que quede constancia = for the record.
    * para que quede más claro = for main effects.
    * para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.
    * para resumir = to sum up, to sum it up, to make a long story short, to recap, to cut a long story short, simply put, simply stated.
    * para ser específico = to be specific.
    * para ser franco = to be blunt, in all honesty.
    * para ser más explícito = to elaborate a little further.
    * para ser sincero = to be blunt, to be honest, in all honesty.
    * para siempre = forever, in perpetuity, for good, eternally, terminally, ever after.
    * para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.
    * para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.
    * para sorpresa + Posesivo = to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para su fácil + Nombre = for ease of + Nombre.
    * para su posterior uso = for subsequent use.
    * para su uso posterior = for subsequent use.
    * para terminar = in closing.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * para toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * para todo el mercado = industry-wide.
    * para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.
    * para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * para todo uso = all-purpose.
    * para tomar medidas = for action.
    * para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.
    * para una única ocasión = one-time.
    * para un futuro mejor = for a better future.
    * para uso comercial = commercially-owned.
    * para uso del profesional = professional-use.
    * para uso industrial = heavy-duty.
    * para uso personal = for personal use.
    * para usos posteriores = for subsequent use.
    * para vergüenza + Pronombre Posesivo = to + Posesivo + shame.
    * sin parar = interminably.
    * * *
    1) (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for

    ¿para qué revista escribes? — what magazine do you write for?

    ¿para qué sirve esto? — what's this (used) for?

    ¿para qué lo quieres? — what do you want it for?

    ¿para qué se lo dijiste? — what did you tell him for?

    que para qué decirte/hablar — (fam)

    tenían un hambre que para qué decirte/hablar — they were starving

    2)

    para + inf — to + inf

    3)

    para que + subj: lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me; pídeselo - ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it - so he can say no?; cierra para que no nos oigan — close the door so (that) they don't hear us

    para + inf: soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it; bastante tengo yo (como) para estar ocupándome de ti I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with yours as well; es (como) para matarlo! (fam) I'll kill him! (colloq); para que + subj: basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa — he only has to appear for her to get flustered

    6) (en comparaciones, contrastes)

    para lo que come, no está gordo — considering how much he eats, he's not fat

    para el caso que me hacen...! — for all the notice they take of me...

    para + inf: para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent; ¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?; para que + subj: es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own; tanto esforzarme por ellos para que no te lo agradezcan! — after all that effort I made for them they didn't even say thankyou!

    7)

    estar para algo/+ inf — ( indicando estado)

    para mí que no viene — if you ask me, he won't come

    para su padre, es un genio — in his father's opinion o as far as his father's concerned, he is a genius

    ¿qué es lo más importante para ti? — what's the most important thing for you?

    9)

    empuja para arriba — push up o upward(s)

    ¿vas para el centro? — are you going to o toward(s) the center?

    va para los 50 años — she's going o (BrE) getting on for fifty

    a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo)

    ¿cuánto te falta para terminar? — how much have you got left to do?

    ¿para cuándo espera? — when is the baby due?

    b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to
    11)

    tengo para rato — (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)

    esto va para largo — (fam) this is going to take some time

    ¿qué le regalo para el cumpleaños? — what can I give him for his birthday?

    se fue para nunca volver — (liter) she went away never to return

    * * *
    = for, for, for the sake of, in order to, in respect of, in the interest(s) of, in the interest(s) of, so as, toward(s), within, in an attempt to, in an effort to, for purposes of, in a bid to, as a means of, in a drive to, in the drive to, if + Nombre + be + to.

    Ex: For newly created authority entries the date recorded is the date the entry was created.

    Ex: This gamut of information presents the indexer and user with problems in choosing access points for conference proceedings.
    Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.
    Ex: Any attempt to organise knowledge must, in order to justify the effort of organisation, have an objective.
    Ex: It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.
    Ex: In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex: In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex: A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.
    Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex: Most data base producers have in-house guidelines for bibliographic description, and aim to achieve consistency of citation within their products.
    Ex: The first treaty of all was designed to pool the coal and steel resources of Europe in an attempt to overcome the devastation of the Second World War and to foster the concept of European unity.
    Ex: Many libraries have had fine free days or weeks in an effort to entice strayed material back.
    Ex: This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.
    Ex: In a bid to leapfrog stages of development, some transitional economies are investing heavily in building up information age infrastructures.
    Ex: The idea of tiered, or multilayered, citation is proposed as a means of testing this hypothesis = Se propone la idea de citar de una forma estratificada o por niveles para comprobar esta hipótesis.
    Ex: The library has contracted out the management of its computerized information system to Dynix in a drive to improve library service.
    Ex: The story of the postwar diner suggests some ways that purveyors of consumer commodities finessed and exploited emergent social dislocations in the drive to expand and diversify markets.
    Ex: Some foods such as vegetable preserves which result from complicated and fragile fermentations must be made at specific times of the year if they are to succeed.
    * ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.
    * para abrir boca = as a kind of + appetiser.
    * para actuar = for action.
    * para alguna gente = to some people.
    * para algunas personas = to some people.
    * para algunos = to some.
    * para aquel entonces = by then.
    * para atraer al cliente = window dressing.
    * para beneficio de = for the good of.
    * para bien = for the best, for the better.
    * para bien de = in the best interests of, for the good of.
    * para bien de Alguien = in + Posesivo + best interest.
    * para bien o para mal = for better or (for) worse, for good or (for) ill, for good or (for) evil.
    * para bodas = bridal.
    * para chuparse los dedos = scrumptious, yummy [yummier -comp., yummiest -sup.].
    * para cocinar uno mismo = self-catering.
    * para colmo = into the bargain, into the bargain, to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse, for good measure, to add insult to injury.
    * para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.
    * para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para concluir = in closing, in conclusion, to wrap things up.
    * para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.
    * para cuando = by the time.
    * para cubrir gastos = on a cost-recovery basis.
    * para cubrirse las espaldas = as a backup.
    * para decir la verdad = to be honest.
    * para detrimento de = to the neglect of.
    * para diario = everyday.
    * para disgusto de = to the disgust of.
    * para divertirse = for kicks.
    * para echar sal en la herida = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para el año próximo = for the year ahead.
    * para el arrastre = over the hill.
    * para el beneficio de = for the benefit of.
    * para el bien de = for the benefit of.
    * para el caso = for that matter.
    * para el esparcimiento = recreational.
    * para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.
    * para el inglés su casa es su castillo = an Englishman's home is his castle.
    * para ello = to that end, to this end, to that effect, therefor.
    * para el ocio = recreational.
    * para el que lo quiera = up for grabs.
    * para embalsamar = embalming.
    * para empeorar las cosas = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * para empezar = for one, initially, to start with, to begin with, for starters, first off.
    * para entonces = by then.
    * para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.
    * para eso = therefor.
    * para este fin = to this end.
    * para esto = therefor.
    * para evitar su uso indebido por los niños = childproof.
    * para expresar dimensiones = by.
    * para + Fecha = by + Fecha.
    * para finales de = by the end of.
    * para finales de + Expresión Temporal = by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * para finalizar = in closing.
    * para fines múltiples = multipurpose [multi-purpose].
    * para futuras consultas = for future reference.
    * para hacer dinero = money-making.
    * para hacer esto = in this.
    * para hacer fundas = sleeving.
    * para hacer juego = to match.
    * para hacer justicia = in fairness to.
    * para hacer las paces = peace offering.
    * para hacerlo + Adjetivo = for + Nombre's sake.
    * para hacer más fácil = for ease of.
    * para impresionar = for effect.
    * para + Infinitivo = for + Gerundio.
    * para jóvenes = youth-serving.
    * para la eternidad = in perpetuity.
    * para la evaluación de hipótesis = hypothesis-testing.
    * para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.
    * para la gestión de información textual = text-handling.
    * para la posteridad = for posterity.
    * para la web = Web-related.
    * para llamar la atención = for effect.
    * para mantener ocupado = keep-busy.
    * para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.
    * para más información = for further details.
    * para más inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * para mayor información sobre = for details of.
    * para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.
    * para mayor inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * para mí = for myself.
    * para microordenadores = micro-computer based.
    * para nada = in vain, to no avail, without any avail, vainly, of no avail.
    * para no = so as not to.
    * para + Nombre = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * para no ser menos = not to be outdone.
    * para novias = bridal.
    * para + Número = seat + Número.
    * para ordenadores personales = microcomputer-based, PC-based.
    * para orquesta = orchestral.
    * para otra ocasión = for future reference.
    * para para lavarse la cara = washrag.
    * para partirse de risa = side-splitting.
    * para PCs = PC-based.
    * para pelearse hacen falta dos = it takes two to tangle, it takes two to tango, it takes two to make a quarrel.
    * para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.
    * para + Posesivo + disgusto = to + Posesivo + chagrin.
    * para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.
    * para + Posesivo + sorpresa = to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para posteriores usos = for subsequent use.
    * para principios de siglo = by the turn of the century.
    * para + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.
    * para protegerse = protectively.
    * para que = in order that, so that, seeing that.
    * para que así conste = for the record.
    * para que este sea el caso = for this to be the case.
    * para que esto sea así = for this to be the case.
    * para que no falte = for good measure.
    * para que no falte de nada = for good measure.
    * para que no + Subjuntivo = if + Nombre + be not + to + Infinitivo, lest + Frase Verbal.
    * para que no vaya a faltar = for good measure.
    * para que quede constancia = for the record.
    * para que quede más claro = for main effects.
    * para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.
    * para resumir = to sum up, to sum it up, to make a long story short, to recap, to cut a long story short, simply put, simply stated.
    * para ser específico = to be specific.
    * para ser franco = to be blunt, in all honesty.
    * para ser más explícito = to elaborate a little further.
    * para ser sincero = to be blunt, to be honest, in all honesty.
    * para siempre = forever, in perpetuity, for good, eternally, terminally, ever after.
    * para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.
    * para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.
    * para sorpresa + Posesivo = to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * para su fácil + Nombre = for ease of + Nombre.
    * para su posterior uso = for subsequent use.
    * para su uso posterior = for subsequent use.
    * para terminar = in closing.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * para toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * para todo el mercado = industry-wide.
    * para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.
    * para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * para todo uso = all-purpose.
    * para tomar medidas = for action.
    * para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.
    * para una única ocasión = one-time.
    * para un futuro mejor = for a better future.
    * para uso comercial = commercially-owned.
    * para uso del profesional = professional-use.
    * para uso industrial = heavy-duty.
    * para uso personal = for personal use.
    * para usos posteriores = for subsequent use.
    * para vergüenza + Pronombre Posesivo = to + Posesivo + shame.
    * sin parar = interminably.

    * * *
    A (expresando destino, finalidad, intención) for
    tengo buenas noticias para ustedes I have some good news for you
    ¿para qué revista escribes? what magazine do you write for?
    lee para ti read to yourself
    fue muy amable para con todos he was very friendly to everyone
    ¿para qué sirve esto? what's this (used) for?
    no sirve para este trabajo he's no good at this kind of work
    ¿para qué lo quieres? what do you want it for?
    ¿para qué tuviste que ir a decírselo? what did you have to go and tell him for?, why did you have to go and tell him?
    champú para bebés baby shampoo
    jarabe para la tos cough mixture
    que para qué (decirte/hablar) ( fam): hacía un frío que para qué (decirte) it was freezing cold ( colloq)
    venían con un hambre que para qué (hablar) or para qué te voy a contar they were starving o so hungry when they got here!
    B para + INF to + INF
    está ahorrando para comprarse un coche she's saving up for a car o to buy a car
    esta agua no es para beber this isn't drinking water
    está listo para pintar it's ready to be painted o for painting
    para serte sincero to tell you the truth
    como para convencerse a sí misma as if to convince herself
    para pasar al curso siguiente (in order) to go on to the next year
    no hay que ser muy inteligente para darse cuenta you don't have to be very intelligent to realize that
    nos cambiamos de sitio para ver mejor we changed places (so as) to see better
    para no + INF so as not to + INF
    entró en puntillas para no despertarla he went in on tiptoe so as not to wake her
    C para QUE + SUBJ:
    lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me
    pídeselo — ¿para qué? ¿para que me diga que no? ask him for it — what for? so he can say no?
    para QUE no + SUBJ:
    cierra la puerta para que no nos oigan close the door so (that) they don't hear us
    D
    1
    (enfatizando la culminación de algo): para colmo or para rematarla se apagó la luz to crown o top o cap it all the light went out
    2 (expresando efecto, consecuencia) to
    para su desgracia unfortunately for him
    para mi gran sorpresa to my great surprise, much to my surprise
    no había bastante para todos there wasn't enough for everybody o to go round
    tranquilízate, no es para tanto calm down, it's not that bad
    para + INF:
    apenas tienen para comer they can barely afford to eat
    soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it
    bastante tengo yo con mis problemas (como) para estar ocupándome de los suyos I've enough problems of my own without having to deal with his as well
    ¡es (como) para matarlo! ( fam); I'll kill him! ( colloq)
    para QUE + SUBJ:
    basta que yo diga A para que él diga B if I say it's black, he'll say it's white
    basta con que él aparezca para que ella se ponga nerviosa he only has to walk in and she gets flustered
    B
    (en comparaciones, contrastes): hace demasiado calor para estar al sol it's too hot to be in the sun
    son altos para su edad they're tall for their age
    para lo que come, no está nada gordo considering how much he eats, he's not at all fat
    díselo tú — ¡para el caso que me hacen …! you tell them — for all the notice they take of me …
    para + INF:
    para haber sido improvisado fue un discurso excelente for an off-the-cuff speech it was excellent, considering it was completely off the cuff it was an excellent speech
    ¿quién se cree que es para hablarte así? who does she think she is, speaking to you like that o to speak to you like that?
    para QUE + SUBJ:
    son demasiado grandes para que les estés haciendo todo they're too old for you to be doing everything for them
    para que se esté quejando todo el día … if he's going to spend all day complaining …
    ¡tanto preocuparse por ellos para que después hasta te acusen de metomentodo! all that worrying about them and then they go and accuse you of being a meddler!
    C estar para algo/+ INF
    (indicando estado): mira que no estoy para bromas look, I'm in no mood for joking o for jokes
    estas botas están para tirarlas a la basura these boots are only fit for throwing out o for the trash o ( BrE) for the bin
    no está (como) para salir tan de veranillo it's not warm enough to go out in such summery clothes
    D
    (expresando opiniones, puntos de vista): para mí que ya no viene if you ask me, he won't come now
    para el padre, el niño es un Mozart en ciernes in the father's opinion o as far as the father's concerned, the boy is a budding Mozart
    tú eres todo para mí you're everything to me
    ¿para ti qué es lo más importante? what's the most important thing for you?, what do you see as the most important thing?
    esto es de gran interés para el lector this is of great interest to the reader
    A
    (indicando dirección): salieron para el aeropuerto they left for the airport
    empuja para arriba push up o upward(s)
    ¿vas para el centro? are you going to o toward(s) the center?
    se los llevó para la casa de los abuelos she took them over to their grandparents' house
    tráelo para acá/adentro bring it over here/inside
    B
    (en sentido figurado): ya vamos para viejos we're getting old o ( colloq) getting on
    va para los 50 años she's pushing fifty ( colloq), she's going o ( BrE) getting on for fifty ( colloq)
    A
    (señalando un plazo): tiene que estar listo para el día 15 it has to be ready by o for the 15th
    ¿qué deberes tienes para el lunes? what homework do you have for Monday?
    faltan cinco minutos para que termine la clase there are five minutes to go before the end of the class
    me lo prometió para después de Pascua he promised I could have it after Easter, he promised it to me for after Easter
    ¿cuánto te falta para terminar? how much have you got left to do?, how long will it take you to finish it?
    B
    1
    (indicando fecha aproximada): piensan casarse para finales de agosto they plan to marry sometime around the end of August
    para entonces quién sabe si todavía estaremos vivos who knows if we'll still be alive (by) then?
    ¿para cuándo espera? when is the baby due?
    tengo hora para mañana I have an appointment (for) tomorrow
    C
    1
    (expresando duración): para siempre forever
    tengo para rato ( fam); I'm going to be a while (yet), this is going to take me a while (yet)
    esto va para largo ( fam); this is going to take some time
    ¿qué le puedo regalar para el cumpleaños? what can I give him for his birthday?
    D ( liter)
    (en secuencias de acciones): se fue para nunca volver she went away never to return
    fue puesto en libertad, para más tarde volver a ser detenido he was set free only to be rearrested later, he was set free but was rearrested later
    * * *

     

    Del verbo parar: ( conjugate parar)

    para es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Del verbo parir: ( conjugate parir)

    para es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    para    
    parar    
    parir
    para preposición
    1 (destino, finalidad, intención) for;

    ¿para qué sirve esto? what's this (used) for?;
    champú para bebés baby shampoo;
    para eso no voy I might as well not go;
    para + inf: ahorra para comprarse un coche he's saving up to buy a car;
    tomé un taxi para no llegar tarde I took a taxi so I wouldn't be late;
    está listo para pintar it's ready to be painted o for painting;
    para aprobar (in order) to pass;
    entró en puntillas para no despertarla he went in on tiptoe so as not to wake her;
    lo dice para que yo me preocupe he (only) says it to worry me;
    cierra para que no nos oigan close the door so (that) they don't hear us
    2


    no es para tanto it's not that bad;
    soy lo bastante viejo (como) para recordarlo I'm old enough to remember it
    b) (en comparaciones, contrastes):


    son altos para su edad they're tall for their age;
    para lo que come, no está gordo considering how much he eats, he's not fat;
    ¿quién es él para hablarte así? who does he think he is, speaking to you like that ?;
    es mucho para que lo haga sola it's too much for you to do it on your own
    1 ( dirección):

    empuja para arriba push up o upward(s);
    ¿vas para el centro? are you going to o toward(s) the center?
    2 ( tiempo)
    a) (señalando una fecha, un plazo):

    ◊ estará listo para el día 15 it'll be ready by o for the 15th;

    deberes para el lunes homework for Monday;
    faltan cinco minutos para que termine there are five minutes to go before the end;
    me lo prometió para después de Pascua he promised me it for after Easter;
    ¿cuánto te falta para terminar? how much have you got left to do?;
    para entonces estaré en Madrid I'll be in Madrid (by) then;
    tengo hora para mañana I have an appointment (for) tomorrow
    b) (AmL exc RPl) ( al decir la hora) to;


    c) ( duración):


    tengo para rato (fam) I'm going to be a while (yet)
    parar ( conjugate parar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( detenerse) to stop;

    ir/venir a para to end up;
    fue a para a la cárcel he ended up in prison;
    ¿a dónde habrá ido a para aquella foto? what can have happened to that photo?;
    ¡a dónde iremos a para! I don't know what the world's coming to
    2 ( cesar) to stop;

    ha estado lloviendo sin para it hasn't stopped raining;
    no para quieto ni un momento he can't keep still for a minute;
    no para en casa she's never at home;
    para DE + INF to stop -ing;
    paró de llover it stopped raining
    3 (AmL) [obreros/empleados] to go on strike
    verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹coche/tráfico/persona› to stop;

    ‹motor/máquina› to stop, switch off
    b) ‹ hemorragia› to stanch (AmE), to staunch (BrE)

    c) ‹balón/tiro› to save, stop;

    ‹ golpe› to block, ward off
    2 (AmL)

    b) ( poner vertical) ‹vaso/libro› to stand … up;


    pararse verbo pronominal
    1 ( detenerse)

    b) [reloj/máquina] to stop;

    [coche/motor] to stall;

    2


    se paró en una silla she stood on a chair;
    ¿te puedes para de cabeza/de manos? can you do headstands/handstands?
    b) (AmL) [ pelo] ( hacia arriba) to stick up;

    ( en los lados) to stick out

    parir ( conjugate parir) verbo intransitivo [ mujer] to give birth;
    [ vaca] to calve;
    [yegua/burra] to foal;
    [ oveja] to lamb
    verbo transitivo

    b) [ mamíferos] to have, bear (frml)

    para preposición
    1 (utilidad, aptitud) for: ¿para qué tanto esfuerzo?, what's all this effort for?
    una pomada para las quemaduras, an ointment for burns
    una tijera para zurdos, a pair of scissors for left-handed people
    2 (finalidad, motivo) to, in order to: lo dijo para molestarme, she said it to annoy me
    lo hace para que te fijes en él, he does it so that you notice him
    3 (destinatario) for: es para mamá, it's for mum
    hablaba para los votantes indecisos, he spoke to the undecided voters
    es muy atento para con ella, he's very obliging towards her
    4 (opinión) para Paco todas las mujeres son guapas, in Paco's opinion, all women are pretty
    5 (comparación, concesión) for: para ser tan joven tiene ideas muy sensatas, he has very sensible ideas for his age
    6 (rechazo) para una vez que hablo, me haces callar, the one time I speak, you shut me up
    7 (tiempo) by: estará listo para las cinco, it'll be ready by five
    para entonces, by then
    8 (a punto de) está para salir, it's about to leave
    9 (dirección) el tren para Burgos acaba de salir, the train for Burgos has just left
    iba para tu casa, I was going to your house
    Recuerda que cuando para expresa finalidad, se traduce por to o in order to (este último sólo se usa para evitar confusión): Me voy para ayudarte. I'm going in order to help you. Si usáramos sólo to significaría: Voy a ayudarte. Sin embargo, cuando después de para viene un sustantivo o un pronombre y no un verbo (esta llave es para aquella puerta), se traduce por for ( this key is for that door).
    parar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 to stop: para de saltar, stop jumping
    para un momento en la farmacia, stop a minute at the chemist's
    no pares de hablar, por favor, keep talking, please
    2 (alojarse) to stay
    3 (finalizar, terminar) el cuadro fue a parar al rastro, the painting ended up in the flea market
    II verbo transitivo
    1 to stop
    2 Dep to save
    3 LAm to stand up
    ♦ Locuciones: dónde va a parar, by far: mi hija es muchísmo más inteligente que la suya, dónde va a parar, my daughter is far more intelligent than theirs
    parir verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to give birth (to)
    ♦ Locuciones: poner a alguien a parir, to run sb down
    ' para' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abalorio
    - ablandar
    - abreviar
    - absoluta
    - absoluto
    - acá
    - aceitera
    - achuchar
    - actuación
    - adentro
    - agitador
    - agitadora
    - alcanzar
    - alfiler
    - alguna
    - alguno
    - aliento
    - alquiler
    - alta
    - amenaza
    - añadidura
    - ancha
    - ancho
    - ánimo
    - año
    - antesala
    - antirrobo
    - aplanar
    - aprovechar
    - apta
    - aptitud
    - apto
    - aquí
    - arca
    - arena
    - arrastre
    - arriba
    - arropar
    - atonía
    - atrás
    - atril
    - aunar
    - auspicio
    - baja
    - bajo
    - balde
    - bálsamo
    - bañarse
    - banco
    English:
    AA
    - ability
    - about
    - accessory
    - accommodate
    - achieve
    - activity
    - adapter
    - adaptor
    - adequate
    - adequately
    - admire
    - adult
    - advantage
    - advantageous
    - advertise
    - aftershave (lotion)
    - agitate
    - agree
    - all
    - all-out
    - allocate
    - analyst
    - antiallergenic
    - antibiotic
    - antidote
    - antihistamine
    - antipollution
    - appease
    - application
    - appointment
    - appropriate
    - aptitude
    - argue
    - arm-twisting
    - arms control
    - around-the clock
    - arrangement
    - arson
    - as
    - ASPCA
    - assailant
    - assert
    - assess
    - assume
    - astir
    - astonishment
    - attain
    - attention span
    - attractive
    * * *
    para prep
    1. [indica destino, finalidad, motivación] for;
    es para ti it's for you;
    significa mucho para mí it means a lot to me;
    “¡qué suerte!” dije para mí “how lucky,” I said to myself;
    una mesa para el salón a table for the living-room;
    desayuno para dos breakfast for two;
    crema para zapatos shoe polish;
    pastillas para dormir sleeping pills;
    están entrenados para el combate they have been trained for combat;
    estudia para dentista she's studying to become a dentist;
    esta agua no es buena para beber this water isn't fit for drinking o to drink;
    para conseguir sus propósitos in order to achieve his aims;
    lo he hecho para agradarte I did it to please you;
    me voy para no causar más molestias I'll go so I don't cause you any more inconvenience;
    te lo repetiré para que te enteres I'll repeat it so you understand;
    resulta que se divorcian para un mes más tarde volverse a casar so they get divorced, only to remarry a month later;
    para con towards;
    es buena para con los demás she is kind towards other people;
    ¿para qué? what for?;
    ¿para qué quieres un martillo? what do you want a hammer for?, why do you want a hammer?;
    ¿para qué has venido? why are you here?;
    ¿para quién trabajas? who do you work for?
    2. [indica dirección] towards;
    el próximo vuelo para Caracas the next flight to Caracas;
    ir para casa to head (for) home;
    salir para el aeropuerto to leave for the airport;
    para abajo downwards;
    para arriba upwards;
    tira para arriba pull up o upwards;
    para atrás backwards;
    échate para atrás [en asiento] lean back;
    para delante forwards;
    ya vas para viejo you're getting old;
    esta muchacha va para pintora this girl has all the makings of a painter
    3. [indica tiempo] for;
    tiene que estar acabado para mañana/para antes de Navidad it has to be finished by o for tomorrow/before Christmas;
    faltan cinco minutos para que salga el tren the train leaves in five minutes;
    tienen previsto casarse para el 17 de agosto they plan to get married on 17 August;
    llevamos comida para varios días we have enough food for several days;
    Am salvo RP
    diez para las once ten to eleven;
    Am salvo RP
    un cuarto para las once (a) quarter to eleven;
    va para un año que no nos vemos it's getting on for a year since we saw each other;
    ¿y para cuándo un bebé? and when are you going to start a family?;
    para entonces by then
    4. [indica comparación]
    tiene la estatura adecuada para su edad she is the normal height for her age;
    está muy delgado para lo que come he's very thin considering how much he eats;
    para ser verano hace mucho frío considering it's summer, it's very cold;
    para ser un principiante no lo hace mal he's not bad for a beginner;
    para lo que me ha servido… for all the use it's been to me…;
    ¡tanto esfuerzo para nada! all that effort for nothing!;
    ¿y tú quién eres para tratarla así? who do you think you are, treating her like that?;
    yo no soy quien para decir… it's not for me to say…
    5. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo) [indica inminencia, propósito] to;
    la comida está lista para servir the meal is ready to be served;
    el atleta está preparado para ganar the athlete is ready to win
    6. [indica opinión] for;
    para Marx, la religión era el opio del pueblo for Marx, religion was the opium of the people;
    para mí/ti/ etc as far as I'm/you're/ etc concerned;
    para mí que no van a venir it looks to me like they're not coming;
    ¿para ti quién es más guapo? who do you think is the most handsome?
    7. [indica disposición, estado]
    no estoy para fiestas I'm not in the mood for parties;
    el abuelo no está ya para hacer viajes largos grandfather's no longer up to going on long journeys;
    ¿hace día para ir sin chaqueta? is it warm enough to go out without a jacket on?
    8. [indica consecuencia]
    para su sorpresa, para sorpresa suya to her surprise;
    para alegría de todos to everyone's delight;
    para nuestra desgracia unfortunately for us
    9. Comp
    no es/fue/ etc[m5]. para tanto it's not/it wasn't/ etc such a big deal;
    no llores, que no es para tanto don't cry, it's not such a big deal, there's no need to cry about it;
    dicen que les trataron mal, pero no fue para tanto they say they were ill-treated, but that's going a bit far;
    Fam
    que para qué: hace un calor que para qué it's absolutely boiling;
    este plato pica que para qué this dish is really hot, Br this dish isn't half hot
    * * *
    prp
    1 for;
    para mí for me
    2 dirección toward(s);
    ir para head for;
    va para directora she’s going to end up as manager
    3 tiempo for;
    listo para mañana ready for tomorrow;
    para siempre forever;
    diez para las ocho L.Am. ten of eight, ten to eight;
    para Pascua iremos de vacaciones a Lima we’re going to Lima for Easter;
    espero que para Pascua haya terminado la crisis I hope the crisis is over by Easter;
    ¿para cuándo? when for?
    :
    lo hace para ayudarte he does it (in order) to help you;
    para que so that;
    ¿para qué te marchas? what are you leaving for?;
    para eso no hace falta it’s not necessary just for that
    :
    para su edad es muy maduro he’s very mature for his age
    6
    :
    lo heredó todo para morir a los 30 he inherited it all, only to die at 30
    * * *
    para prep
    1) : for
    para ti: for you
    alta para su edad: tall for her age
    una cita para el lunes: an appointment for Monday
    2) : to, towards
    para la derecha: to the right
    van para el río: they're heading towards the river
    3) : to, in order to
    lo hace para molestarte: he does it to annoy you
    4) : around, by (a time)
    para mañana estarán listos: they'll be ready by tomorrow
    5)
    para adelante : forwards
    6)
    para atrás : backwards
    7)
    para que : so, so that, in order that
    te lo digo para que sepas: I'm telling you so you'll know
    * * *
    para prep
    4. (dirección) for / to
    5. (tiempo) by
    para mí for me / in my opinion

    Spanish-English dictionary > para

  • 37 tiempo

    m.
    1 time.
    al poco tiempo soon afterward
    a tiempo (de hacer algo) in time (to do something)
    a un tiempo, al mismo tiempo at the same time
    cada cierto tiempo every so often
    con el tiempo in time
    con tiempo with plenty of time to spare, in good time
    dar tiempo al tiempo to give things time
    de un tiempo a esta parte recently, for a while now
    en mis tiempos in my day o time
    estar a tiempo de to have time to
    tener tiempo de to have time to
    fuera de tiempo at the wrong moment
    ganar tiempo to save time
    hace mucho tiempo que no lo veo I haven't seen him for ages
    hacer tiempo to pass the time
    matar o engañar el tiempo to kill time
    perder el tiempo to waste time
    en tiempos de Maricastaña donkey's years ago
    a tiempo parcial part-time
    tiempo de cocción cooking time
    tiempo libre spare time
    tiempo de respuesta response time
    2 long time (periodo largo).
    hace tiempo que it is a long time since
    hace tiempo que no vive aquí he hasn't lived here for some time
    tomarse uno su tiempo to take one's time
    3 age.
    ¿qué tiempo tiene? how old is he?
    4 movement (movimiento).
    motor de cuatro tiempos four-stroke engine
    5 weather (clima).
    hizo buen/mal tiempo the weather was good/bad
    si el tiempo lo permite o no lo impide weather permitting
    hace un tiempo de perros it's a foul day
    poner a o al mal tiempo buena cara to put a brave face on things
    6 half (sport).
    7 tense (grammar).
    tiempo simple/compuesto simple/composite tense
    9 tempo, beat, rhythmic unit, time.
    10 turn, time.
    11 Father Time.
    12 tempus.
    * * *
    1 (gen) time
    2 (época) time, period, age, days plural
    3 METEREOLOGÍA weather
    ■ ¿qué tiempo hace? what's the weather like?
    4 (edad) age
    ■ ¿qué tiempo tiene el niño? how old is your baby?
    5 (temporada) season, time
    6 (momento) moment, time
    7 MÚSICA tempo, movement
    9 GRAMÁTICA tense
    10 TÉCNICA stroke
    \
    a su tiempo / a su debido tiempo in due course
    a través de los tiempos through the ages
    a un tiempo at the same time
    al mismo tiempo at the same time
    al poco tiempo soon afterwards
    antes de tiempo too early, too soon
    con el tiempo in the course of time, with time
    con tiempo in advance
    ¿cuánto tiempo...? how long...?
    ■ ¿cuánto tiempo estuviste allí? how long did you stay there?
    ■ ¿cuánto tiempo llevas aquí en España? how long have you lived in Spain?
    ¿cuánto tiempo hace...? how long ago...?
    ■ ¿cuánto tiempo hace que no vas al cine? how long ago is it since you went to the cinema?
    dar tiempo to give time
    dar tiempo al tiempo figurado to let matters take their course
    dar tiempo a uno de/para to have enough time to
    de tiempo en tiempo from time to time
    de tiempo inmemorial from time immemorial
    de un tiempo a esta parte for some time now
    desde hace tiempo / desde hace mucho tiempo for a long time
    el tiempo corre time goes by, time flies
    el tiempo es oro figurado time is money
    en mis tiempos in my time
    en otro tiempo / en otros tiempos formerly
    estar a tiempo de to still have time to
    fuera de tiempo (de temporada) out of season 2 (inoportunamente) at the wrong moment
    ganar tiempo to save time
    hace tiempo a long time
    hacer buen tiempo / hace mal tiempo the weather is good / the weather is bad
    hacer tiempo / hacer el tiempo to kill time
    matar (el) tiempo / pasar (el) tiempo to kill time
    no hay tiempo que perder there's no time to lose
    perder el tiempo / perder tiempo to waste time
    ¡qué tiempos aquellos! those were the days!
    tiempo atrás some time ago, time ago
    tomarse tiempo to take one's time
    ¡y si no, al tiempo! time will tell!
    tiempo de perros familiar lousy weather
    tiempo libre free time
    tiempos difíciles hard times
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) time
    2) period, epoch, age
    * * *
    SM
    1) [indicando duración] time

    el tiempo pasa y no nos damos ni cuenta — time goes by o passes and we don't even realize it

    • me llevó bastante tiempo — it took me quite a long time

    • ¿ cuánto tiempo se va a quedar? — how long is he staying for?

    ¿cuánto tiempo hace de eso? — how long ago was that?

    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que vives aquí? — how long have you been living here?

    ¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! — I haven't seen you for ages!

    • más tiempo, necesito más tiempo para pensármelo — I need more time o longer to think about it

    • mucho tiempo, una costumbre que viene de mucho tiempo atrás — a long-standing custom

    • al poco tiempo de — soon after

    se acostumbró a la idea en muy poco tiempo — she soon got used to the idea, it didn't take her long to get used to the idea

    tiempo de exposición — (Fot) exposure time

    tiempo libre — spare time, free time

    2) [otras locuciones]

    • a tiempo — in time

    • cada cierto tiempo — every so often

    • a tiempo completo — full-time

    • con tiempo, llegamos con tiempo de darnos un paseo — we arrived in time to have a walk

    • con el tiempo — eventually

    • dar tiempo, no da tiempo a terminarlo — there isn't enough time to finish it

    ¿crees que te dará tiempo? — do you think you'll have (enough) time?

    • fuera de tiempo — at the wrong time

    • ganar tiempo — to save time

    • hacer tiempo — to while away the time

    • matar el tiempo — to kill time

    • a tiempo parcial — part-time

    • de un o algún tiempo a esta parte — for some time (past)

    • pasar el tiempo — to pass time

    • perder el tiempo — to waste time

    ¡rápido, no perdamos (el) tiempo! — quick, there's no time to lose!

    • sacar tiempo para hacer algo — to find the time to do sth

    • tener tiempo para algo — to have time for sth

    - con el tiempo y una caña hasta las verdes caen
    3) (=momento) time

    al mismo tiempo, a un tiempo — at the same time

    • llegamos antes de tiempo — we arrived early

    ha nacido antes de tiempo — he was born prematurely, he was premature

    • a su debido tiempo — in due course

    4) (=época) time

    en los últimos tiempos — recently, lately, in recent times

    en tiempos de Maricastaña —

    va vestida como en tiempos de Maricastaña — her clothes went out with the ark, her clothes are really old-fashioned

    5) (=edad) age

    ¿cuánto o qué tiempo tiene el niño? — how old is the baby?

    6) (Dep) half

    tiempo muerto — (lit) time-out; (fig) breather

    7) (Mús) [de compás] tempo, time; [de sinfonía] movement
    8) (Ling) tense
    9) (Meteo) weather

    ¿qué tiempo hace ahí? — what's the weather like there?

    • del tiempo, ¿quiere el agua fría o del tiempo? — would you like the water chilled or at room temperature?

    mapa, hombre
    10) (Inform) time
    11) (Industria) time

    tiempo de paro, tiempo inactivo — downtime

    12) (Náut) stormy weather
    13) (Mec) cycle
    * * *
    1) ( que transcurre) time

    cómo pasa el tiempo!/el tiempo vuela! — how time flies!

    el tiempo apremia — time is short, time is of the essence (frml)

    para ganar tiempo — (in order) to gain time

    2)
    a) (duración, porción de tiempo) time

    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que no lo ves? — how long is it since you last saw him?

    ¿cada cuánto tiempo? — how often?

    un or algún tiempo atrás — some time ago o back

    a tiempo completo/parcial — full time/part time

    b) (período disponible, tiempo suficiente) time

    tengo todo el tiempo del mundo — I've got all the time in the world

    c) (Dep) ( marca) time
    d) ( de bebé)

    ¿cuánto tiempo tiene? — how old is he?

    al mismo tiempo or a un tiempo — at the same time

    con (el) tiempo y una caña... — everything in good time

    hacer tiempo — to while away the time; (Dep) to play for time

    matar el tiempo — (fam) to kill time

    robarle tiempo al sueño — to burn the candle at both ends

    4)
    a) ( época)

    en aquellos tiempos — at that time, in those days

    en los tiempos que corren — these days, nowadays

    b) ( temporada) season
    c) (momento propio, oportuno)
    5) (Dep) ( en partido) half

    primer/segundo tiempo — first/second half

    6) (Mús) ( compás) tempo, time; ( de sinfonía) movement
    7) (Ling) tense
    8) (Meteo) weather

    hace buen/mal tiempo — the weather's good/bad

    ¿qué tal el tiempo por ahí? — what's the weather like over there?

    del or (Méx) al tiempo — at room temperature

    a mal tiempo, buena cara — I/you/we may as well look on the bright side

    * * *
    1) ( que transcurre) time

    cómo pasa el tiempo!/el tiempo vuela! — how time flies!

    el tiempo apremia — time is short, time is of the essence (frml)

    para ganar tiempo — (in order) to gain time

    2)
    a) (duración, porción de tiempo) time

    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que no lo ves? — how long is it since you last saw him?

    ¿cada cuánto tiempo? — how often?

    un or algún tiempo atrás — some time ago o back

    a tiempo completo/parcial — full time/part time

    b) (período disponible, tiempo suficiente) time

    tengo todo el tiempo del mundo — I've got all the time in the world

    c) (Dep) ( marca) time
    d) ( de bebé)

    ¿cuánto tiempo tiene? — how old is he?

    al mismo tiempo or a un tiempo — at the same time

    con (el) tiempo y una caña... — everything in good time

    hacer tiempo — to while away the time; (Dep) to play for time

    matar el tiempo — (fam) to kill time

    robarle tiempo al sueño — to burn the candle at both ends

    4)
    a) ( época)

    en aquellos tiempos — at that time, in those days

    en los tiempos que corren — these days, nowadays

    b) ( temporada) season
    c) (momento propio, oportuno)
    5) (Dep) ( en partido) half

    primer/segundo tiempo — first/second half

    6) (Mús) ( compás) tempo, time; ( de sinfonía) movement
    7) (Ling) tense
    8) (Meteo) weather

    hace buen/mal tiempo — the weather's good/bad

    ¿qué tal el tiempo por ahí? — what's the weather like over there?

    del or (Méx) al tiempo — at room temperature

    a mal tiempo, buena cara — I/you/we may as well look on the bright side

    * * *
    tiempo1
    1 = time, length of time, period.

    Ex: Because not all files need to be reorganized at once, but only those which are very full, the time required for this procedure is reduced to a minimum.

    Ex: There is a correlation between length of time spent obtaining the book required and loss of interest.
    Ex: Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.
    * absorber tiempo = absorb + time.
    * acabarse el tiempo = time + run out, time + be + up.
    * acaparar el tiempo de Alguien = monopolise + time.
    * adaptarse a los tiempos = change with + the times, move with + the times, keep up with + the times, adapt to + the times.
    * adelantado a su tiempo = ahead of + Posesivo + time(s).
    * adelantarse a + Posesivo + tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.
    * administración del tiempo = time management.
    * administrar el tiempo = manage + time.
    * adquirido con el transcurso del tiempo = time-based.
    * agotarse el tiempo = time + run out.
    * ahorrar para cuando lleguen tiempos difíciles = save for + a rainy day.
    * ahorrar tiempo = save + time.
    * ahorrar tiempo de escritura = save + typing.
    * ahorro de tiempo = time-saving [timesaving], economy of time, savings in time.
    * Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * Algo que ahorra tiempo = time saver [timesaver].
    * Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * Algo que se hace para matar el tiempo = time filler.
    * Algo que se le va tomando el gusto con el tiempo = acquired taste.
    * algún tiempo = awhile.
    * al mismo tiempo = at once, at the same time, concurrently, in the process, simultaneously, contemporaneously, at the same instant, at one and the same time, in parallel, concomitantly, at the one time, all the while.
    * al mismo tiempo que = in parallel to/with, while, as the same time as, cum, in conjunction with.
    * al mismo tiempo que + Indicativo = whilst + Gerundio.
    * a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.
    * alquilar tiempo = buy + time.
    * a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.
    * a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time goes by, as time passes (by).
    * andar (muy) apurado de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) corto de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) escaso de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) falto de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * anunciado desde hace tiempo = long-heralded.
    * apurado de tiempo = time-rationed, crunched for time, time-crunched.
    * a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.
    * a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.
    * a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * a tiempo parcial = part-time.
    * a través del tiempo = over time.
    * avatares del tiempo, los = vicissitudes of time, the, whims of time, the.
    * avecinarse tiempos difíciles = tough times ahead, lean times ahead, darker times + lie ahead, hard times ahead.
    * basado en el tiempo = time-based.
    * bastante tiempo = ample time.
    * breve período de tiempo = while.
    * buenos tiempos = good times.
    * cada cierto tiempo = episodic, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.
    * cada tanto tiempo = every so often, every now and again, every once in a while.
    * cambiar con el paso del tiempo = change over + time.
    * cambiar con el tiempo = change over + time.
    * cambiar con el transcurso del tiempo = change over + time.
    * cantar victoria antes de tiempo = speak too soon.
    * cantidad de tiempo = length of time.
    * cápsula del tiempo = time capsule.
    * carrera contra el tiempo = race against time, race against the clock.
    * comprar tiempo = buy + time.
    * con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.
    * con el decursar del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time.
    * con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, as time goes by, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.
    * con el tiempo = in time, over the years, with time, with the passage of time, eventually, in due course, over a period of time, in due time, over time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time goes by, as time went by, by and by.
    * con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).
    * con el transcurso del tiempo = over time, with time, with age, as time goes by, in the course of time, over the course of time, as time passes (by), as time went by.
    * consagrado por el tiempo = time-proven.
    * conseguir tiempo = buy + time.
    * considerado desde hace mucho tiempo = long considered.
    * consumir + Posesivo + tiempo = swallow up + Posesivo + time.
    * con un plazo de tiempo muy corto = at (a) very short notice.
    * con un plazo de tiempo tan corto = at such short notice.
    * cumplido hace tiempo = long overdue.
    * curso a tiempo completo = full-time course.
    * dar tiempo = give + time, donate + Posesivo + time.
    * dar tiempo a Alguien = give + Nombre + some time.
    * de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.
    * dedicación de tiempo = expenditure of time.
    * dedicar algún tiempo a hacer algo = have + a turn at.
    * dedicar el tiempo y el esfuerzo = take + the time and effort.
    * dedicar tiempo = spend + time, lend + time, expend + time, devote + time, dedicate + time.
    * dedicar tiempo a = take + time on.
    * de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.
    * dejar tiempo = free up + time.
    * dejar tiempo libre = free up + time.
    * demasiado tiempo = too long.
    * demostrado válido por el tiempo = time-tested.
    * de otros tiempos = of yore.
    * de otro tiempo = of yore.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.
    * desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks and yonks, for yonks.
    * desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.
    * desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.
    * desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.
    * desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.
    * desde tiempo inmemorial = since earliest time, since time immemorial, from time immemorial, since time out of mind, from time out of mind.
    * desde tiempos prehistóricos = since prehistoric times.
    * desperdiciar tiempo = squander + time.
    * desperdicio de tiempo = time waster.
    * deteriorado por el paso del tiempo = timeworn.
    * de todos los tiempos = all-time, of all time(s).
    * de un tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.
    * dispositivo de desconexión automática transcurrido un tiempo determinado = time out mechanism.
    * donar tiempo = donate + Posesivo + time.
    * donde el tiempo es de suma importancia = time-critical.
    * durante algún tiempo = for a while, for some time, for some while, for some time to come, for days.
    * durante cierto tiempo = over a period of time.
    * durante cuánto tiempo = how long.
    * durante demasiado tiempo = for too long.
    * durante este tiempo = in this time.
    * durante largos períodos de tiempo = over long periods of time.
    * durante la tira de tiempo = for donkey's years.
    * durante muchísimo tiempo = for ages and ages (and ages).
    * durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages), in ages (and ages and ages).
    * durante tanto tiempo = for so long, so long.
    * durante tanto tiempo como sea posible = for as long as possible.
    * durante un largo período de tiempo = over a long time scale, over a long period of time, for a long period of time, over a long period.
    * durante un período de tiempo = for a number of years.
    * durante un periodo de tiempo determinado = over a period of time.
    * durante un período de tiempo indefinido = over an indefinite period of time, over an indefinite span of time.
    * durante un porrón de tiempo = for donkey's years.
    * durar mucho tiempo = last + long.
    * durar tiempo = take + time, take + long.
    * el paso del tiempo = the passage of time, the sands of time.
    * el tiempo de Algo = in season.
    * el tiempo dirá = time will tell.
    * el tiempo es oro = time is money.
    * el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.
    * el tiempo vuela = time flies (by).
    * el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.
    * embates del tiempo, los = ravages of time, the.
    * emplear tiempo = spend + time, expend + time, devote + time.
    * en aquellos tiempos = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, in those days.
    * encontrar el tiempo = make + an opportunity.
    * encontrar tiempo = find + time.
    * encuesta sobre el uso del tiempo = time-use survey.
    * en estos tiempos = in these times, in this day and age.
    * en los últimos tiempos = latterly, in recent times, in modern times, in recent memory.
    * en muy poco tiempo = before long.
    * en nada de tiempo = at a moment's notice, in next to no time, in no time at all, in no time.
    * en otros tiempos = in days of yore, in times of yore.
    * en otro tiempo = in days of yore, in times of yore.
    * en poco tiempo = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time.
    * en sus buenos tiempos = in + Posesivo + heyday.
    * en su tiempo = formerly.
    * en tiempo de carnaval = carnivalistically.
    * en tiempo de feria = carnivalistically.
    * en tiempo de guerra = wartime [wart-time].
    * en tiempo real = real time [real-time], in real time.
    * en tiempos de = in times of.
    * en tiempos de adversidad = in times of + adversity.
    * en tiempos de austeridad = in austere times.
    * en tiempos de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * en tiempos de Maricastaña = in olden days, in olden times.
    * en tiempos de paz = in peacetime, during peacetime, in peace, in time(s) of peace.
    * en tiempos de recesión = in recessionary times.
    * en tiempos de recesión económica = in recessionary times.
    * en tiempos difíciles = in times of need.
    * en tiempos más recientes = in more recent times.
    * en tiempos prehistóricos = in prehistoric times.
    * en un corto espacio de tiempo = in a short space of time.
    * en un corto período de tiempo = in a short period of time.
    * en un tiempo razonable = timely.
    * en un tiempo relativamente corto = in a relatively short time, in a relatively short span of time.
    * equivalente a tiempo completo = full-time equivalent (FTE).
    * esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.
    * escaso de tiempo = time-strapped, short of time.
    * esperado durante tiempo y con ansiedad = long-and-expectantly-awaited.
    * esperado hace tiempo = overdue.
    * establecido desde hace tiempo = long-established.
    * estado del tiempo = weather conditions.
    * estar muy por delante de su tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.
    * estragos del tiempo, los = ravages of time, the.
    * faceta de tiempo = Time facet.
    * factor tiempo = time factor.
    * facturación por tiempo de conexión = metered pricing, metered billing.
    * falta de tiempo = tightness of scheduling.
    * falto de tiempo = crunched for time, time-crunched, short of time.
    * finito en el tiempo = timebound [time-bound].
    * florecer antes de tiempo = bolt.
    * frontera del tiempo = time boundary.
    * fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.
    * fuera de onda con los tiempos modernos = out of keeping with the times, out of tune with the times.
    * ganar tiempo = win + time, buy + time, free up + time.
    * germinar antes de tiempo = bolt.
    * gestión del tiempo = time management.
    * gusto que se adquiere con el tiempo = acquired taste.
    * hablar antes de tiempo = speak too soon.
    * hace algún tiempo = some time ago, a while back, some while ago.
    * hace demasiado tiempo = too long ago.
    * hace la tira (de tiempo) = yonks and yonks, yonks.
    * hace muchísimo tiempo = ages (and ages) ago, aeons ago, yonks.
    * hace mucho tiempo = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.
    * hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.
    * hacer algún tiempo = sometime back.
    * hacer frente a tiempos difíciles = cope with + difficult times.
    * hacer mucho tiempo que Algo ha desaparecido = be long gone.
    * hace tiempo = for some time, long ago, once, long since.
    * hace un montonazo de tiempo = yonks and yonks.
    * hace un montón de tiempo = yonks.
    * hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.
    * hace ya tiempo = long since.
    * hasta el final de los tiempos = till the end of time.
    * hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.
    * instalaciones para dedicar el tiempo libre = leisure facilities.
    * intentar ganar tiempo = play for + time, temporise [temporize, -USA].
    * intervalo de tiempo = date range.
    * inversión de tiempo = commitment of time.
    * invertir el tiempo de Uno en = invest + Posesivo + time in.
    * ir en contra del tiempo = race against + time, race against + the clock.
    * justo a tiempo = (just) in the nick of time, just in time, not a moment too soon.
    * la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.
    * largos períodos de tiempo = long periods of time.
    * la tira de tiempo = donkey's years.
    * liberar tiempo = free up + time.
    * limitado por el tiempo = time-constrained.
    * límite de tiempo = time limit.
    * llegar a tiempo = arrive + in time, arrive + on time.
    * llevar tiempo = take + time, take + a while, take + long, absorb + time.
    * llevar tiempo y esfuerzo = take + time and effort.
    * los buenos tiempos = the good old days.
    * los viejos tiempos = the good old days.
    * malos tiempos = bad times.
    * margen de tiempo = time frame [timeframe].
    * matar el tiempo = kill + time.
    * mejoría del tiempo = break in the weather.
    * muchísimo tiempo después = ages and ages hence.
    * mucho tiempo = long time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.
    * mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.
    * mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.
    * mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.
    * muy apreciado desde hace tiempo = long-revered.
    * muy a tiempo = in good time.
    * muy venerado desde hace tiempo = long-revered.
    * no cantes victoria antes de tiempo = don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
    * noción del tiempo = notion of time, sense of time.
    * no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.
    * no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.
    * no tener tiempo de nada = have + not a moment to spare.
    * nuevos tiempos, los = wind(s) of change, the.
    * observar atentamente y durante cierto tiempo = maintain + vigil.
    * ocupar el tiempo = fill in + Posesivo + time.
    * ocupar tiempo = occupy + time, take up + time.
    * olvidado desde hace tiempo = long forgotten.
    * pasar algún tiempo en = have + a turn at.
    * pasar el tiempo = pass + the time, hang around, spend + Posesivo + days, hang about, hang out.
    * pasar el tiempo libre = spend + Posesivo + leisure, spend + Posesivo + leisure time.
    * pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.
    * pasar tiempo = spend + time.
    * pasar tiempo haciendo Algo = do + stint at.
    * perder el tiempo = dawdle, mess around, pissing into the wind, mess about, faff (about/around), pootle, sit + idle, muck around/about, piddle around.
    * perder la noción del tiempo = lose + track of time, lose + all notion of time, lose + all sense of time.
    * perder tiempo = waste + time, lose + time.
    * pérdida de tiempo = time wasting, wild goose chase, waste of time, time-consuming [time consuming], fool's errand.
    * pérdida de un tiempo precioso = waste of precious time.
    * perdido hace tiempo = long-lost.
    * período de tiempo = amount of time, time, time frame [timeframe], time lapse, time period, time span [time-span], time slot, period of time, date range.
    * permanecer estable con el tiempo = be stable over time.
    * pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.
    * plazo de tiempo = timeline [time line].
    * poco tiempo = short while, short time.
    * poco tiempo después = shortly afterwards.
    * poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * por algún tiempo = for sometime.
    * por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.
    * por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.
    * por un tiempo = for a time.
    * por un tiempo indefinido = for indefinite time.
    * postulado desde hace mucho tiempo = long-espoused.
    * precio calculado según el tiempo de conexión = connect time based pricing.
    * precio calculado según el tiempo empleado = time-based charge.
    * preocupado por el tiempo = time-conscious.
    * programador de tiempo = egg timer.
    * prolongar el tiempo = prolong + time.
    * propugnado desde hace mucho tiempo = long-espoused.
    * que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.
    * que consume tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * quedar anulado con el paso del tiempo = be overtaken by events.
    * que depende del tiempo = time-dependent.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que lleva tiempo en cartelera = long-running.
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que utiliza el tiempo como variable = time-dependent.
    * recuperar el tiempo perdido = make up for + lost time.
    * reloj que registra el tiempo de conexión = accounting clock.
    * remontarse bastante en el tiempo = go back + a long way.
    * remontarse en el tiempo = extend + far back, stretch + far back in time.
    * resistir el paso del tiempo = stand + the test of time, withstand + the test of time, survive + the test of time, pass + the test of time.
    * robarle tiempo al sueño = burn + the candle at both ends.
    * se avecinan malos tiempos = hard times lie ahead.
    * sensible al tiempo = time-sensitive [time sensitive].
    * sentido del tiempo = sense of time, notion of time.
    * ser una pérdida de tiempo = be idle, beat + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.
    * ser un pérdida de tiempo = flog + a dead horse.
    * ser un producto de su tiempo = be a product of + Posesivo + time.
    * si el tiempo lo permite = weather permitting.
    * siempre que Uno puede dedicarle el tiempo = in + Posesivo + own time, on + Posesivo + own time.
    * si hay tiempo = time permitting.
    * sin importar el tiempo = all-weather.
    * si no lo impide el tiempo = weather permitting.
    * sin tiempo que perder = without a minute to spare.
    * si queda tiempo = time permitting.
    * sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.
    * sobrado de tiempo = unpressed for time.
    * sólo por tiempo limitado = for a limited time only.
    * subordinado al tiempo = time-dependent.
    * suficiente tiempo = long enough, ample time.
    * superar la barrera del tiempo = cross + time barriers.
    * tanto tiempo = so much time, this long, such a very long time.
    * tardar tanto tiempo en = take + so long to.
    * tardar tiempo = take + time, take + long.
    * tarifa calculada según el tiempo de conexión = connect time based pricing.
    * tarifa calculada según el tiempo empleado = time-based charge.
    * tarifa calculada según el tiempo utilizado = time-based tariff.
    * tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.
    * terminarse el tiempo = time + run out.
    * tiempo adicional = extra-time.
    * tiempo agotado = time out.
    * tiempo + apremiar = time + press, time + be of the essence.
    * tiempo + avanzar inexorablemente = time + march on.
    * tiempo de acceso = access time, seek time, access speed.
    * tiempo de búsqueda = search time.
    * tiempo de calidad = quality time.
    * tiempo de carga = loading time.
    * tiempo de conexión = connect time.
    * tiempo de conexión en línea = online time.
    * tiempo de CPU = CPU time.
    * tiempo de demora = lead time.
    * tiempo de descarga = download time.
    * tiempo de descarga de datos = download time, latency.
    * tiempo de duración = lifespan [life span].
    * tiempo de emisión = airtime.
    * tiempo de espera = lead time, wait time, waiting time, waiting period.
    * tiempo de estudio = study time.
    * tiempo de inicio = start time.
    * tiempo de ordenador = computer time, computer time.
    * tiempo de préstamo = document delivery.
    * tiempo de proceso = processing time.
    * tiempo de reacción = reaction time.
    * tiempo de respuesta = response time, turnaround time, turnabout time, fill time, reaction time.
    * tiempo durante el cual el ordenador no está disponible al público = down time.
    * tiempo + estar a favor de Alguien = time + be + on + Posesivo + side.
    * tiempo estar de lado de Alguien = time + be + on + Posesivo + side.
    * tiempo familiar = quality time.
    * tiempo fuera de servicio = downtime.
    * tiempo futuro = future tense.
    * tiempo inmemorial = time immemorial.
    * tiempo libre = leisure, leisure time, free time, idle hours, spare time.
    * tiempo muerto = downtime, time out.
    * tiempo + pasar = time + march on.
    * tiempos alocados = heady days.
    * tiempos de los romanos = Roman times.
    * tiempos de paz = peacetime [peace time].
    * tiempos difíciles = difficult times, tough times, hard times, embattled time(s).
    * tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.
    * tiempos emocionantes = heady days.
    * tiempo + ser esencial = time + be of the essence.
    * tiempo + ser + precioso = time + be + precious.
    * tiempos mejores = better times.
    * tiempos modernos = modern times.
    * tiempos turbulentos = embattled time(s).
    * tiempo transcurrido = elapsed time.
    * tiempo verbal = tense.
    * todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.
    * todo el tiempo = all of the time, left, right and centre, the whole time, all the while.
    * tomar el tiempo = time.
    * tomarse el tiempo que Uno necesita = take + Posesivo + time.
    * tomar tiempo = take + time, take + long.
    * trabajador a tiempo parcial = part-timer.
    * trabajar durante un período de tiempo = serve + stint.
    * trabajo a tiempo parcial = part-time work, part-time employment, part-time job.
    * transcurrir tiempo = lapse + time.
    * tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.
    * un porrón de tiempo = donkey's years.
    * un tiempo = awhile.
    * usando el tiempo de un modo eficaz = time efficient [time-efficient].
    * vencido hace tiempo = long overdue.
    * venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.
    * viajar hacia atrás en el tiempo = travel back in + time.
    * viaje a través del tiempo = time travel.
    * viaje en el tiempo = time travel.
    * vicisitudes del tiempo, las = vicissitudes of time, the, whims of time, the.
    * viejos tiempos, los = good old days, the.
    * ya hace algún tiempo = for quite some time.
    * ya hace bastante tiempo = for quite a while now.
    * y al mismo tiempo = and in the process, yet.

    tiempo2
    2 = weather.

    Ex: Data Resources Inc., again US-based, covers data bases in economics, finance, energy and weather.

    * alerta del tiempo = weather warning.
    * artífice del tiempo = weather-maker, rainmaker.
    * buen tiempo = fair weather.
    * cuando el tiempo lo permita = when the weather permits.
    * del tiempo = room temperature.
    * el cielo rojo al atardecer augura buen tiempo, el cielo rojo al amanecer aug = red sky at night, (shepherd/sailor)'s delight, red sky in the morning, (shepherd/sailor)'s warning.
    * hombre del tiempo = weatherman.
    * justo a tiempo = not a minute too soon.
    * mapa del tiempo = weather map.
    * muy mal tiempo = severe weather.
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * si hace buen tiempo = weather permitting.
    * tiempo + aclararse = weather + clear.
    * tiempo de invierno = winter weather.
    * tiempo de verano = summer weather.
    * tiempo estival = summer weather.
    * tiempo inclemente = intemperate weather.
    * tiempo invernal = winter weather.
    * tiempo muy malo = severe weather.

    * * *
    ya ha pasado mucho tiempo desde aquello that all happened a long time ago o a lot of water has flowed under the bridge since then
    el tiempo va pasando y las cosas no mejoran time passes o goes by and things don't get any better
    ¡cómo pasa or corre el tiempo! how time flies!, doesn't time go quickly!
    ya te acostumbrarás con el tiempo you'll get used to it in time
    el tiempo dirá time will tell
    el tiempo apremia time is short, I'm/we're pressed for time, time is of the essence ( frml)
    ¡el tiempo vuela! how time flies!
    a ver si dejas de perder el tiempo why don't you stop wasting time?
    ¡qué manera de perder el tiempo! what a waste of time!
    no pierdas tiempo con eso don't waste time with o on that
    ¡deprisa, no hay tiempo que perder! quick, there's no time to lose!
    sin perder tiempo without wasting a moment, without further ado
    hay que recuperar el tiempo perdido we must make up for lost time
    todas las advertencias fueron tiempo perdido all our warnings were a waste of time
    es una pérdida de tiempo it's a waste of time
    para ganar tiempo, ve metiendo las cartas en los sobres to save time, start putting the letters into the envelopes
    les contó una historia para ganar tiempo to gain time she told them a story, she played for time by telling them a story
    creo que si vamos por aquí ganamos tiempo I think we'll save time if we go this way
    Compuestos:
    time-sharing
    real time
    universal time, Greenwich Mean Time
    B
    1 (duración, porción de tiempo) time
    luego de todo este tiempo after all this time
    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que no lo ves? how long is it since you last saw him?
    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que vives aquí? how long have you lived o been living here?
    de esto que te cuento ya hace mucho tiempo all this happened a long time ago now
    ¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages o it's been ages since I last saw you o ( colloq) long time, no see
    hace demasiado tiempo, no creo que se acuerde it was too long ago, I don't think she'll remember
    hace mucho tiempo que no sé nada de ellos I haven't heard from them for a long time o ( colloq) for ages
    todavía falta or queda mucho tiempo para su boda it's still a long time till their wedding
    todo este tiempo me ha estado mintiendo he's been lying to me all this time
    se ha pasado todo el tiempo hablando she's done nothing but talk the whole time
    pasaba la mayor parte del tiempo leyendo he spent most of the time reading
    tómate el tiempo que te haga falta take as long as you need
    dentro de muy poco tiempo very soon o very shortly
    ¿cada cuánto tiempo conviene hacerse un chequeo? how often should one have a check-up?
    cada cierto tiempo every so often
    de tiempo en tiempo from time to time
    ¿cuánto tiempo van a pasar en Los Ángeles? how much time o how long are you going to spend in Los Angeles?
    me llevó mucho tiempo preparar la tarta it took me a long time o ( colloq) ages to make the cake
    no pude quedarme (por) más tiempo I couldn't stay any longer
    ¿por qué tardaste tanto tiempo en contestarme? why did you take such a long time o so long to answer me?
    ya hace algún or un tiempo que no se le ve por aquí he hasn't been around here for some time o for quite a time o for quite a while now
    queremos quedarnos (por) un tiempo we want to stay for a while o for a time
    un or algún tiempo atrás some time ago o back
    una costumbre que viene de mucho tiempo atrás a custom that dates back a long way
    poco tiempo después or al poco tiempo se volvieron a encontrar a short time later they met again o they met again not long afterward(s)
    de un tiempo a esta parte se ha vuelto muy agresivo he's been very aggressive recently o ( frml) of late
    trabajar a tiempo completo/parcial to work full time/part time
    2
    (mucho tiempo): hacía tiempo que no lo veíamos we hadn't seen him for a long time o for quite a while o ( colloq) for ages
    ya hace tiempo que se marchó she left quite some time ago o quite a while ago
    ¡mira que yo lo venía diciendo desde hacía tiempo! haven't I been saying so for a long time o ( colloq) for ages?
    3
    (período disponible, tiempo suficiente): no he tenido tiempo de terminarlo I haven't had time to finish it
    hay tiempo de sobra para eso there's plenty of time for that
    no tenemos mucho tiempo we don't have much time
    tengo todo el tiempo del mundo I've got all the time in the world
    no sé de dónde voy a sacar el tiempo I don't know where I'm going to find the time
    no tengo tiempo ni para respirar I hardly have time to breathe
    no he tenido tiempo material para hacerlo I haven't had a moment to do it o I just haven't had the time to do it
    me va a faltar tiempo para terminarlo I'm not going to have enough time to finish it
    no me ha dado tiempo a or de acabarlo I haven't had time to finish it
    no da tiempo de hacerlo todo there isn't (enough) time to do it all
    dame un poco de tiempo give me a bit of o a little time
    no me dieron suficiente tiempo they didn't give me enough time
    4 ( Dep) (marca) time
    ¿qué tiempo hizo Espinosa? what was Espinosa's time?
    lo hizo en un tiempo récord she did it in record time
    5
    (de un bebé): ¿cuánto tiempo tiene? how old is he?
    Compuestos:
    uptime
    spare time, free time
    C ( en locs):
    a tiempo in time
    no vamos a llegar a tiempo we won't get there in time
    llegas justo a tiempo de echarnos una mano you're just in time to give us a hand
    todavía estamos a tiempo de coger el tren si vamos en taxi we can still catch o we still have time to catch the train if we take a taxi
    piénsatelo, todavía estás a tiempo think about it, there's still time
    con tiempo in good time
    le gusta llegar con tiempo she likes to arrive with time to spare o in good time
    avísame con tiempo let me know in advance o in good time
    si llegan con tiempo pueden ver la galería antes if you arrive early, you can have a look at the gallery beforehand
    al mismo tiempo or a un tiempo at the same time
    no hablen todos al mismo tiempo don't all talk at once o at the same time
    llegaron al mismo tiempo they arrived at the same time
    al tiempo que at the same time as o that
    con el tiempo y una caña … everything in good time
    seguro que va a mejorar, tú dale tiempo al tiempo I'm sure she's going to get better, you just have to be patient o to give it time
    no debemos precipitarnos, hay que dar tiempo al tiempo let's not rush into this, we must be patient
    hacer a tiempo ( RPl): no hice a tiempo a ir al banco I didn't have enough time to go to the bank
    hacerse tiempo (CS); to make time
    hacer tiempo (mientras se espera algo) to while away the time, to kill time; (para hacer algo) to make time;
    ( Dep) to play for time
    matar el tiempo ( fam); to kill time
    robarle tiempo al sueño to have less sleep than one needs, to burn the candle at both ends
    y si no ¡al tiempo! just you wait and see!, mark my words!
    el tiempo es oro time is precious, time is money
    el tiempo todo lo cura time is a great healer
    todo tiempo pasado fue mejor the past always looks better
    D
    1
    (época): en mi(s) tiempo(s) esas cosas no pasaban things like that didn't use to happen in my day o my time
    eran otros tiempos things were different then
    ¡qué tiempos aquellos! those were the days!
    esa música es del tiempo de mi abuela that music is from my grandmother's time
    en aquellos tiempos un helado costaba una peseta at that time o back then o in those days an ice cream used to cost one peseta
    los problemas de nuestro tiempo the problems of our time o age
    en los tiempos que corren these days, nowadays
    desde tiempos inmemoriales from o since time immemorial
    aquéllos eran tiempos difíciles those were difficult times
    en tiempos de paz in times of peace, in peacetime
    estamos viviendo tiempos de crisis we are living in extremely difficult times
    se ha adelantado a su tiempo he is ahead of his time
    hubo un tiempo en que yo pensaba igual there was a time when I thought the same
    ese peinado es del tiempo de Maricastaña ( fam); that hairstyle looks as if it came out of the ark ( colloq), that hairstyle looks really old-fashioned o out-of-date
    2 (temporada) season
    fruta del tiempo fresh fruit, seasonal fruit
    3
    (momento propio, oportuno): eso lo trataremos a su (debido) tiempo we'll deal with o discuss that in due course
    cada cosa a su tiempo everything in (its own) good time
    lo sacó del fuego antes de tiempo she took it off the heat before it was ready
    nació antes de tiempo he was premature, he was born prematurely
    Compuesto:
    Eastertide
    E
    1 ( Dep)
    (en un partido): primer/segundo tiempo first/second half
    medio1 (↑ medio (1))
    2 ( Mec):
    un motor de dos/cuatro tiempos a two-stroke/four-stroke engine
    Compuestos:
    ( Dep) overtime ( AmE), extra time ( BrE); ( Com) period of inactivity
    time out
    ( Méx) overtime ( AmE), extra time ( BrE)
    overtime ( AmE), extra time ( BrE)
    F (compás) tempo, time
    G ( Ling) tense
    tiempo simple/compuesto simple/compound tense
    hace buen tiempo the weather's good o fine, it's good o fine weather, it's fine
    el mal tiempo reinante the prevailing o current bad weather
    nos hizo un tiempo estupendo/asqueroso we had wonderful/terrible weather
    el pronóstico del tiempo the weather forecast
    ¿qué tal el tiempo por ahí? what's the weather like over there?
    del or ( Méx) al tiempo at room temperature
    un vaso de leche del tiempo a glass of milk at room temperature
    a mal tiempo, buena cara I/you/we may as well look on the bright side
    * * *

     

    tiempo sustantivo masculino
    1

    ◊ ¡cómo pasa el tiempo! how time flies!;

    te acostumbrarás con el tiempo you'll get used to it in time;
    perder el tiempo to waste time;
    ¡no hay tiempo que perder! there's no time to lose!;
    para ganar tiempo (in order) to gain time;
    tiempo libre spare time, free time;
    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que no lo ves? how long is it since you last saw him?;
    hace tiempo que no sé de él I haven't heard from him for a long time;
    ya hace tiempo que se marchó she left quite some time ago;
    ¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages;
    la mayor parte del tiempo most of the time;
    me llevó mucho tiempo it took me a long time;
    no pude quedarme más tiempo I couldn't stay any longer;
    poco tiempo después a short time after;
    de un tiempo a esta parte for some time (now);
    a tiempo completo/parcial full time/part time;
    no vamos a llegar a tiempo we won't get there in time;
    al mismo tiempo at the same time;
    avísame con tiempo let me know in good time;
    ¡qué tiempos aquellos! those were the days!;
    en aquellos tiempos at that time, in those days


    c) (momento propio, oportuno):


    cada cosa a su tiempo everything in (its own) good time

    ◊ ¿cuánto tiempo tiene? how old is he?

    2 (Dep) ( en partido) half;

    3 (Mús) ( compás) tempo, time;
    ( de sinfonía) movement
    4 (Ling) tense
    5 (Meteo) weather;
    ◊ hace buen/mal tiempo the weather's good/bad;

    del or (Méx) al tiempo ‹ bebida› at room temperature
    tiempo sustantivo masculino
    1 (indeterminado) time: llegó a tiempo para ver el espectáculo, he got there in time to see the show
    hace mucho tiempo, a long time ago
    me llevó mucho tiempo, it took me a long time
    la vi poco tiempo después, I saw her a short time after o soon afterwards
    ¿cuánto tiempo tienes para acabarlo?, how long have you got to finish it?
    es tiempo perdido, it's a waste of time
    tómate tu tiempo, take your time
    no puedo quedarme más tiempo, I can't stay any longer
    a su (debido) tiempo, in due course
    a un tiempo/al mismo tiempo, at the same time
    de tiempo en tiempo, from time to time
    tiempo libre, free time
    2 (de un bebé) age: ¿cuánto o qué tiempo tiene?, how old is she?
    3 (época) en mis tiempos de estudiante, in my student days
    nació en tiempos de Luis XIV, he was born in the time of Louis XIV
    malos tiempos o fig tiempo de vacas flacas, hard times o rainy days
    4 Meteor weather
    hace buen tiempo, the weather is good
    tiempo tormentoso, stormy weather
    5 Mús tempo
    6 Dep half
    primer tiempo, first half
    tiempo muerto, time out
    7 Ling tense 8 del tiempo, (temperatura ambiente) póngame un refresco del tiempo, no lo quiero con hielo, could I have a non-refrigerated soft drink, please
    9 Auto (motor) de dos/cuatro tiempos, two-cycle/four-cycle
    ♦ Locuciones: dar tiempo al tiempo, to let matters take their course
    hacer tiempo, to while away the time
    matar el tiempo, to kill time
    Lab a tiempo parcial/completo, part/full time
    con el tiempo, in the course of time
    de un tiempo a esta parte, lately
    ' tiempo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - acá
    - achuchar
    - adelanto
    - alborotada
    - alborotado
    - alborotarse
    - allá
    - andar
    - anquilosarse
    - antes
    - anticiclónica
    - anticiclónico
    - anticiparse
    - apremiar
    - aprovechada
    - aprovechado
    - apurada
    - apurado
    - aquí
    - áspera
    - áspero
    - atonía
    - atrás
    - avenida
    - avenido
    - bizantina
    - bizantino
    - bochorno
    - cargada
    - cargado
    - cerca
    - coincidir
    - conceder
    - congraciarse
    - contrarreloj
    - contrato
    - corta
    - corto
    - costar
    - cuando
    - cuanta
    - cuanto
    - cundir
    - de
    - debida
    - debido
    - dedicar
    - descontar
    - desde
    English:
    absorb
    - accomplice
    - accustom
    - administration
    - advance
    - advantage
    - after
    - age
    - ago
    - ahead
    - allow
    - as
    - at
    - barring
    - be
    - beautiful
    - before
    - begin
    - behind
    - best
    - between
    - beyond
    - bitter
    - bleak
    - boiling
    - breezy
    - brighten up
    - brisk
    - busy
    - by
    - bygone
    - calm
    - catch up
    - change
    - clear up
    - clock
    - concurrently
    - corner
    - course
    - dawdle
    - demand
    - depend
    - dilly-dally
    - distant
    - drag
    - dull
    - early
    - encroach
    - end
    - enough
    * * *
    tiempo nm
    1. [transcurso, rato, momento] time;
    en poco o [m5] dentro de poco tiempo lo sabremos we will soon know;
    tardé o [m5] me llevó bastante tiempo it took me quite a while o quite a long time;
    es una tarea que lleva mucho tiempo it's a very time-consuming task;
    ¡cómo pasa el tiempo! time flies!;
    todo el tiempo all the time;
    estuvo todo el tiempo de pie he was standing up the whole time;
    al mismo tiempo at the same time;
    al poco tiempo, poco tiempo después soon after(wards);
    podríamos discutirlo al tiempo que comemos we could discuss it while we eat;
    antes de tiempo [nacer] prematurely;
    [florecer, celebrar] early;
    muchos llegaron antes de tiempo a lot of people arrived early;
    a tiempo completo full-time;
    a tiempo parcial part-time;
    a su (debido) tiempo in due course;
    cada cosa a su tiempo everything in due course o in good time;
    a un tiempo at the same time;
    empujaron todos a un tiempo they all pushed together o at the same time;
    cada cierto tiempo every so often;
    ¿cada cuánto tiempo tiene que tomarlo? how often o frequently does he have to take it?;
    con el tiempo in time;
    de tiempo en tiempo from time to time, now and then;
    de un tiempo a esta parte recently, for a while now;
    dar tiempo al tiempo to give things time;
    el tiempo lo dirá time will tell;
    ganar tiempo to save time;
    hacer tiempo to pass the time;
    RP
    hacerse tiempo to make time, to find time;
    matar el tiempo to kill time;
    perder el tiempo to waste time;
    no hay tiempo que perder there's no time to lose;
    el tiempo es oro time is money;
    el tiempo todo lo cura time is a great healer
    Informát tiempo de acceso access time; Informát tiempo de búsqueda search time;
    tiempo de cocción cooking time;
    Fot tiempo de exposición exposure time;
    tiempo libre: [m5] no me queda mucho tiempo libre I don't have much free o spare time any more;
    te dan tiempo libre para asuntos personales they give you time off for personal matters;
    tiempo muerto idle time;
    tiempo de ocio leisure time;
    Informát tiempo real real time; Informát tiempo de respuesta response time;
    tiempo universal coordinado Coordinated Universal Time
    2. [periodo disponible, suficiente] time;
    ¡se acabó el tiempo! pueden ir entregando los exámenes time's up, start handing in your papers!;
    a tiempo (para algo/de hacer algo) in time (for sth/to do sth);
    no llegamos a tiempo de ver el principio we didn't arrive in time to see o for the beginning;
    estar a tiempo de hacer algo to be in time to do sth;
    si quieres apuntarte, aún estás a tiempo if you want to join in, you still have time o it's not too late;
    con tiempo (de sobra) with plenty of time to spare, in good time;
    ¿nos dará tiempo? will we have (enough) time?;
    no me dio tiempo a o [m5] no tuve tiempo de decírselo I didn't have (enough) time to tell her;
    dame tiempo y yo mismo lo haré give me (a bit of) time and I'll do it myself;
    me faltó tiempo para terminarlo I didn't have (enough) time to finish it;
    Fam Irónico
    le faltó tiempo para ir y contárselo a todo el mundo she wasted no time in telling everyone about it;
    sacar tiempo para hacer algo to find (the) time to do sth;
    ¿tienes tiempo para tomar algo? do you have time for a drink?;
    tenemos todo el tiempo del mundo we have all the time in the world
    3. [periodo largo] long time;
    ¿cuánto tiempo hace (de eso)? how long ago (was that)?;
    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que no vas al teatro? how long is it since you went to the theatre?;
    ¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! it's been ages since I saw you!, I haven't seen you for ages!;
    hace tiempo que it is a long time since;
    hace tiempo que no vive aquí he hasn't lived here for some time;
    hace mucho tiempo que no lo veo I haven't seen him for ages;
    tiempo atrás some time ago;
    Méx
    tener tiempo de algo: tiene tiempo de estudiar lingüística she's been studying linguistics for a long time;
    tómate tu tiempo (para hacerlo) take your time (over it o to do it)
    4. [época] time;
    aquél fue un tiempo de paz y felicidad those were peaceful and happy times, it was a time of peace and happiness;
    corren o [m5] son malos tiempos para el estudio del latín it isn't a good time to be studying Latin;
    del tiempo [fruta] of the season;
    las ideas de nuestro tiempo the ideas of our time o day;
    el mejor boxeador de todos los tiempos the greatest ever boxer, the greatest boxer of all time;
    mi álbum favorito de todos los tiempos my all-time favourite album, my favourite ever album;
    en aquellos tiempos, por aquel tiempo in those days, back then, at that time;
    en los buenos tiempos in the good old days;
    en mis tiempos in my day o time;
    Johnson, en otro tiempo plusmarquista mundial,… Johnson, once the world record-holder o the former world record-holder,…;
    en tiempo(s) de Napoleón in Napoleon's time o day;
    eran otros tiempos (entonces) things were different (back) then;
    ¡qué tiempos aquellos! those were the days!;
    en tiempos [antiguamente] in former times;
    en tiempos de Maricastaña donkey's years ago;
    ser del tiempo del Perú, RP [m5] ñaupa o Chile [m5] ñauca to be ancient, to be as old as the hills
    5. [edad] age;
    ¿qué tiempo tiene? how old is he?
    6. [clima] weather;
    ¿qué tal está el tiempo?, ¿qué tal tiempo hace? what's the weather like?;
    buen/mal tiempo good/bad weather;
    hizo buen/mal tiempo the weather was good/bad;
    nos hizo un tiempo horrible we had terrible weather;
    del tiempo, Méx [m5] al tiempo [bebida] at room temperature;
    estas cervezas están del tiempo these beers aren't cold o haven't been chilled;
    si el tiempo lo permite o [m5] no lo impide weather permitting;
    hace un tiempo de perros it's a foul day;
    poner al mal tiempo buena cara to put a brave face on things
    7. Dep [mitad] half;
    [cuarto] quarter;
    primer/segundo tiempo first/second half
    tiempo añadido injury o stoppage time;
    tiempo de descuento injury o stoppage time;
    tiempo muerto time-out;
    8. [marca] [en carreras] time;
    consiguió un tiempo excelente his time was excellent;
    lograron clasificarse por tiempos they qualified as fastest losers
    tiempo intermedio split time [at halfway point];
    tiempo parcial split time;
    tiempo récord record time;
    en un tiempo récord in record time
    9. [movimiento] movement;
    levantó las pesas en dos tiempos he lifted the weights in two movements;
    motor de cuatro tiempos four-stroke engine
    10. Gram tense
    tiempo compuesto compound tense;
    tiempo simple simple tense
    11. Mús [ritmo] tempo;
    [movimiento] movement; [compás] time
    * * *
    m
    1 time;
    a tiempo in time;
    a un tiempo, al mismo tiempo at the same time;
    antes de tiempo llegar ahead of time, early; celebrar victoria too soon;
    a su (debido) tiempo in due course;
    cada cosa a su tiempo all in good time;
    con tiempo in good time, early;
    dar tiempo al tiempo give things time;
    hacer tiempo while away the time;
    desde hace mucho tiempo for a long time;
    hace mucho tiempo a long time ago;
    de tiempo en tiempo from time to time;
    de un tiempo a esta parte for some time now;
    durante algún tiempo for some time;
    por poco tiempo for a short time;
    hace tanto tiempo it’s so long ago;
    el tiempo es oro time is money;
    con el tiempo, andando el tiempo with time, in time;
    trabajar a tiempo completo/parcial work full/part time;
    le faltó tiempo para … fig he couldn’t wait to…;
    poner al mal tiempo buena cara fig look on the bright side;
    volver el tiempo atrás fig turn the clock back
    2 ( época)
    :
    en mis tiempos in my day
    3 ( clima) weather;
    hace buen/mal tiempo the weather’s fine/bad
    4 GRAM tense
    5 DEP de juego half;
    medio tiempo half time
    6 ( edad)
    :
    ¿qué tiempo tiene? de un niño how old is he?
    * * *
    tiempo nm
    1) : time
    justo a tiempo: just in time
    perder tiempo: to waste time
    tiempo libre: spare time
    2) : period, age
    en los tiempos que corren: nowadays
    3) : season, moment
    antes de tiempo: prematurely
    4) : weather
    hace buen tiempo: the weather is fine, it's nice outside
    5) : tempo (in music)
    6) : half (in sports)
    7) : tense (in grammar)
    * * *
    1. (período, momento) time
    2. (período largo) long time / ages
    4. (parte) half [pl. halves]
    ¿cuánto tiempo tiene tu bebé? how old is your baby?
    6. (verbal) tense
    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que...? how long...?
    ¿cuánto tiempo hace que conoces a Susana? how long have you known Susana?
    ¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! it's been ages since I saw you!
    tiempo libre free time / spare time

    Spanish-English dictionary > tiempo

  • 38 ac

    atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
    I.
    In joining single words, which is its most common use.
    A.
    In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
    1.
    The form atque.
    a.
    Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

    sociorum atque amicorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

    deposci atque expeti,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

    excitare atque inflammare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

    honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

    Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
    b.
    Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    Gallorum atque Belgarum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

    Cassius atque Brutus,

    Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

    in portubus atque custodiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

    superatam esse atque depressam,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

    vitiis atque flagitiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

    dignitate atque gloria,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

    virtute atque gloria,

    Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

    labore atque justitia,

    Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

    hilari atque laeto,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

    multae atque magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

    adventu atque nomine,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

    magna atque praeclara,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

    se conlegit atque recreavit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

    provinciarum atque sociorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

    parietum atque tectorum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

    gravis atque vehemens,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
    2.
    The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    sentientes ac bene meritos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

    feri ac barbari,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

    liberis ac conjugibus,

    Liv. 21, 30:

    Romae ac circa urbem,

    id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

    periculum ac discrimen,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

    usus ac disciplina,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

    opima est ac fertilis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    potentissimos ac firmissimos,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

    2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

    Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

    nobilitatis ac juventutis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

    terrore ac metu,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

    insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    gentes ac nationes,

    id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

    celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

    firmamenti ac roboris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

    vectigalibus ac sociis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

    tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

    armatos ac victores,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

    Sall. C. 42, 2:

    opera ac vineae,

    Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

    Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in se simul atque in Herculem,

    id. G. 34:

    suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

    id. ib. 30; so,

    sociis pariter atque hostibus,

    id. H. 4, 73:

    innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

    id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

    verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

    Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

    omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

    Sall. C. 30, 4:

    nobiles atque ignobiles,

    id. ib. 20, 7:

    caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

    Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

    vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
    B.
    Esp.
    a.
    In a hendiadys:

    utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

    with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

    de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

    of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

    Sall. C. 3 fin.:

    clamore atque adsensu,

    shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
    b.
    In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
    (α).
    Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

    Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

    and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

    rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

    and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

    magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

    and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

    hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

    and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

    and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

    fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

    and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

    intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

    id. C. 52, 35.—
    (β).
    With adeo, and that too, and even:

    intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

    qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

    insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

    id. Planc. 19 fin.:

    non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

    Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

    atque adeo autem quor etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
    (γ).
    With etiam:

    id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

    and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

    ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

    Liv. 3, 46.—
    (δ).
    With the dem. pron. hic, is:

    negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

    and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

    maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

    Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

    id. ib. 2, 2:

    duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

    id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

    flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

    id. B. G. 5, 18:

    ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

    dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

    Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
    II.
    In comparisons.
    A.
    Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

    si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

    Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

    pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

    neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

    parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

    magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

    id. Hann. 5, 3:

    pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

    Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

    In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

    equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

    cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

    Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

    Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

    et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

    id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

    similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

    Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

    contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

    Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

    faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

    cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
    B.
    Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

    illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

    other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

    aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

    also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3:

    simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

    id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

    id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

    cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

    id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
    C.
    Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

    once, however, non aliter, ac si,

    Cic. Att. 13, 51;

    v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

    nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

    id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

    quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

    si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

    id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

    tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

    reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

    id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

    quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

    id. Mur. 4 fin.:

    haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

    Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
    D.
    More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

    in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

    haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

    pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

    id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

    num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
    E.
    Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

    nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

    quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

    id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

    quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

    Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
    F.
    Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

    amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

    non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

    Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

    Cat. 61, 172:

    haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

    Verg. A. 3, 561:

    Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

    nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

    Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

    id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
    G.
    In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

    principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

    as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

    judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

    Dig. 21, 1, 25:

    quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

    ib. 16, 1, 24.—
    III.
    To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
    a.
    Absol.:

    Decipiam ac non veniam,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

    si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

    perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

    quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 33:

    si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

    id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

    nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

    id. Att. 1, 16:

    si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

    si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

    id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

    velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

    Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

    si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

    Tac. Or. 1.—
    b.
    With potius:

    Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

    quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

    id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

    concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

    Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
    IV.
    In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
    1.
    In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

    atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

    cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

    multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

    Tac. A. 1, 47:

    Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

    Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
    2.
    In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
    a.
    Absol.:

    maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

    and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
    b.
    Often with etiam:

    Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

    Cic. Or. 40, 139:

    Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
    c.
    Sometimes with quoque:

    Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
    d.
    And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
    3.
    In narration:

    aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

    Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

    completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

    Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
    4.
    In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

    Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

    ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

    Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

    12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

    and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

    Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

    Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

    Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

    id. Lael. 15, 54.—
    5.
    In connecting two acts or events.
    a.
    In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

    ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

    And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

    and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

    dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

    lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

    and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

    dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

    Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

    tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

    id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

    cape hoc argentum atque defer,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

    abi domum ac deos comprecare,

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

    tace modo ac sequere hac,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

    Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

    Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

    Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

    id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
    b.
    In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

    and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    With ita or sic:

    Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

    Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

    ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

    Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
    c.
    Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

    non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

    Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
    6.
    (As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

    Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

    hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

    ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

    Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

    And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
    7.
    In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

    Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

    Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

    Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

    Liv. 21, 41, 13:

    Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

    Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

    Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

    Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
    8.
    To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
    a.
    Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

    atque ipsis commentum placet,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

    ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

    ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

    and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

    observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

    Plin. Pan. 26.—
    b.
    With tamen:

    nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

    discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

    id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

    ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

    14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

    id. H. 5, 16.—
    9.
    To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

    ... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

    nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
    10.
    In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
    a.
    A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

    Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

    Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

    id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

    Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

    Ac ne forte putes,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

    Ac ne forte putes etc.,

    Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
    b.
    A positive purpose:

    Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

    Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

    id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
    11.
    a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

    atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
    b.
    In introducing parentheses:

    vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

    Liv. 21, 38:

    omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
    c.
    At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

    Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

    Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
    V.
    In particular connections and phrases.
    A.
    Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

    unae atque alterae scalae,

    Sall. J. 60, 7:

    quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

    id. ib. 93, 2:

    unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

    Tac. H. 5, 6:

    dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

    Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

    alius atque alius,

    Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

    aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

    Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
    B.
    Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

    temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

    etiam atque etiam considera,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

    monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

    id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

    iterum atque iterum,

    Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
    C.
    Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
    D.
    Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

    atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

    but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

    Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

    and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
    E.
    Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

    Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

    quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

    id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

    nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

    Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
    F.
    With other conjunctions.
    1.
    After et:

    equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

    Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

    id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

    vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

    Tac. Agr. 32.:

    denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

    Liv. 21, 6, 4:

    ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

    id. 21, 41, 2:

    et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

    Quint. 8, 3, 3:

    Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

    id. 12, 10, 67. —
    2.
    After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

    submoverique atque in castra redigi,

    Liv. 26, 10:

    terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

    id. 21, 52:

    mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

    Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
    3.
    Before et:

    caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

    Tac. Agr. 32.—
    4.
    After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

    nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

    Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

    mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

    Suet. Vesp. 12.—
    G.
    Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

    atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

    omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

    id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

    Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

    Cat. 68, 152:

    Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

    Verg. G. 4, 463:

    Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

    id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

    Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

    Tib. 2, 5, 73:

    complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

    Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.
    ► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
    a.
    In the second place:

    Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

    Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

    Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

    id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

    Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
    b.
    In the third place:

    quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ac

  • 39 adque

    atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
    I.
    In joining single words, which is its most common use.
    A.
    In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
    1.
    The form atque.
    a.
    Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

    sociorum atque amicorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

    deposci atque expeti,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

    excitare atque inflammare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

    honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

    Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
    b.
    Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    Gallorum atque Belgarum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

    Cassius atque Brutus,

    Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

    in portubus atque custodiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

    superatam esse atque depressam,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

    vitiis atque flagitiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

    dignitate atque gloria,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

    virtute atque gloria,

    Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

    labore atque justitia,

    Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

    hilari atque laeto,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

    multae atque magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

    adventu atque nomine,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

    magna atque praeclara,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

    se conlegit atque recreavit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

    provinciarum atque sociorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

    parietum atque tectorum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

    gravis atque vehemens,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
    2.
    The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    sentientes ac bene meritos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

    feri ac barbari,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

    liberis ac conjugibus,

    Liv. 21, 30:

    Romae ac circa urbem,

    id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

    periculum ac discrimen,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

    usus ac disciplina,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

    opima est ac fertilis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    potentissimos ac firmissimos,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

    2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

    Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

    nobilitatis ac juventutis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

    terrore ac metu,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

    insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    gentes ac nationes,

    id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

    celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

    firmamenti ac roboris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

    vectigalibus ac sociis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

    tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

    armatos ac victores,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

    Sall. C. 42, 2:

    opera ac vineae,

    Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

    Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in se simul atque in Herculem,

    id. G. 34:

    suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

    id. ib. 30; so,

    sociis pariter atque hostibus,

    id. H. 4, 73:

    innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

    id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

    verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

    Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

    omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

    Sall. C. 30, 4:

    nobiles atque ignobiles,

    id. ib. 20, 7:

    caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

    Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

    vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
    B.
    Esp.
    a.
    In a hendiadys:

    utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

    with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

    de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

    of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

    Sall. C. 3 fin.:

    clamore atque adsensu,

    shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
    b.
    In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
    (α).
    Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

    Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

    and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

    rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

    and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

    magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

    and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

    hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

    and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

    and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

    fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

    and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

    intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

    id. C. 52, 35.—
    (β).
    With adeo, and that too, and even:

    intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

    qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

    insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

    id. Planc. 19 fin.:

    non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

    Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

    atque adeo autem quor etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
    (γ).
    With etiam:

    id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

    and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

    ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

    Liv. 3, 46.—
    (δ).
    With the dem. pron. hic, is:

    negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

    and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

    maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

    Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

    id. ib. 2, 2:

    duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

    id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

    flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

    id. B. G. 5, 18:

    ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

    dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

    Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
    II.
    In comparisons.
    A.
    Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

    si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

    Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

    pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

    neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

    parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

    magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

    id. Hann. 5, 3:

    pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

    Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

    In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

    equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

    cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

    Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

    Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

    et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

    id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

    similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

    Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

    contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

    Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

    faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

    cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
    B.
    Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

    illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

    other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

    aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

    also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3:

    simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

    id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

    id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

    cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

    id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
    C.
    Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

    once, however, non aliter, ac si,

    Cic. Att. 13, 51;

    v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

    nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

    id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

    quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

    si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

    id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

    tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

    reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

    id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

    quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

    id. Mur. 4 fin.:

    haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

    Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
    D.
    More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

    in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

    haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

    pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

    id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

    num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
    E.
    Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

    nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

    quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

    id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

    quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

    Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
    F.
    Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

    amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

    non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

    Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

    Cat. 61, 172:

    haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

    Verg. A. 3, 561:

    Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

    nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

    Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

    id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
    G.
    In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

    principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

    as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

    judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

    Dig. 21, 1, 25:

    quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

    ib. 16, 1, 24.—
    III.
    To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
    a.
    Absol.:

    Decipiam ac non veniam,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

    si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

    perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

    quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 33:

    si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

    id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

    nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

    id. Att. 1, 16:

    si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

    si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

    id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

    velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

    Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

    si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

    Tac. Or. 1.—
    b.
    With potius:

    Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

    quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

    id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

    concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

    Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
    IV.
    In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
    1.
    In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

    atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

    cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

    multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

    Tac. A. 1, 47:

    Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

    Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
    2.
    In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
    a.
    Absol.:

    maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

    and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
    b.
    Often with etiam:

    Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

    Cic. Or. 40, 139:

    Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
    c.
    Sometimes with quoque:

    Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
    d.
    And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
    3.
    In narration:

    aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

    Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

    completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

    Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
    4.
    In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

    Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

    ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

    Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

    12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

    and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

    Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

    Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

    Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

    id. Lael. 15, 54.—
    5.
    In connecting two acts or events.
    a.
    In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

    ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

    And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

    and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

    dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

    lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

    and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

    dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

    Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

    tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

    id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

    cape hoc argentum atque defer,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

    abi domum ac deos comprecare,

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

    tace modo ac sequere hac,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

    Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

    Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

    Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

    id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
    b.
    In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

    and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    With ita or sic:

    Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

    Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

    ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

    Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
    c.
    Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

    non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

    Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
    6.
    (As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

    Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

    hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

    ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

    Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

    And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
    7.
    In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

    Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

    Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

    Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

    Liv. 21, 41, 13:

    Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

    Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

    Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

    Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
    8.
    To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
    a.
    Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

    atque ipsis commentum placet,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

    ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

    ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

    and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

    observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

    Plin. Pan. 26.—
    b.
    With tamen:

    nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

    discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

    id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

    ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

    14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

    id. H. 5, 16.—
    9.
    To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

    ... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

    nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
    10.
    In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
    a.
    A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

    Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

    Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

    id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

    Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

    Ac ne forte putes,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

    Ac ne forte putes etc.,

    Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
    b.
    A positive purpose:

    Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

    Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

    id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
    11.
    a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

    atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
    b.
    In introducing parentheses:

    vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

    Liv. 21, 38:

    omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
    c.
    At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

    Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

    Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
    V.
    In particular connections and phrases.
    A.
    Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

    unae atque alterae scalae,

    Sall. J. 60, 7:

    quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

    id. ib. 93, 2:

    unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

    Tac. H. 5, 6:

    dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

    Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

    alius atque alius,

    Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

    aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

    Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
    B.
    Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

    temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

    etiam atque etiam considera,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

    monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

    id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

    iterum atque iterum,

    Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
    C.
    Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
    D.
    Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

    atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

    but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

    Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

    and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
    E.
    Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

    Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

    quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

    id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

    nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

    Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
    F.
    With other conjunctions.
    1.
    After et:

    equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

    Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

    id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

    vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

    Tac. Agr. 32.:

    denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

    Liv. 21, 6, 4:

    ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

    id. 21, 41, 2:

    et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

    Quint. 8, 3, 3:

    Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

    id. 12, 10, 67. —
    2.
    After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

    submoverique atque in castra redigi,

    Liv. 26, 10:

    terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

    id. 21, 52:

    mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

    Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
    3.
    Before et:

    caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

    Tac. Agr. 32.—
    4.
    After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

    nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

    Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

    mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

    Suet. Vesp. 12.—
    G.
    Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

    atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

    omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

    id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

    Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

    Cat. 68, 152:

    Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

    Verg. G. 4, 463:

    Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

    id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

    Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

    Tib. 2, 5, 73:

    complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

    Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.
    ► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
    a.
    In the second place:

    Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

    Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

    Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

    id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

    Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
    b.
    In the third place:

    quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adque

  • 40 atque

    atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
    I.
    In joining single words, which is its most common use.
    A.
    In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
    1.
    The form atque.
    a.
    Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

    sociorum atque amicorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

    deposci atque expeti,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

    excitare atque inflammare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

    honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

    Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
    b.
    Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    Gallorum atque Belgarum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

    Cassius atque Brutus,

    Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

    in portubus atque custodiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

    superatam esse atque depressam,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

    vitiis atque flagitiis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

    dignitate atque gloria,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

    virtute atque gloria,

    Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

    labore atque justitia,

    Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

    hilari atque laeto,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

    multae atque magnae,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

    adventu atque nomine,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

    magna atque praeclara,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

    se conlegit atque recreavit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

    provinciarum atque sociorum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

    parietum atque tectorum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

    gravis atque vehemens,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
    2.
    The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

    sentientes ac bene meritos,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

    feri ac barbari,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

    liberis ac conjugibus,

    Liv. 21, 30:

    Romae ac circa urbem,

    id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

    periculum ac discrimen,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

    usus ac disciplina,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

    opima est ac fertilis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    potentissimos ac firmissimos,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

    2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

    Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

    nobilitatis ac juventutis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

    terrore ac metu,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

    insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    gentes ac nationes,

    id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

    celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

    firmamenti ac roboris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

    vectigalibus ac sociis,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

    tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

    armatos ac victores,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

    Sall. C. 42, 2:

    opera ac vineae,

    Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

    Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in se simul atque in Herculem,

    id. G. 34:

    suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

    id. ib. 30; so,

    sociis pariter atque hostibus,

    id. H. 4, 73:

    innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

    id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

    verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

    Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

    omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

    Sall. C. 30, 4:

    nobiles atque ignobiles,

    id. ib. 20, 7:

    caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

    Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

    vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
    B.
    Esp.
    a.
    In a hendiadys:

    utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

    with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

    de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

    of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

    me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

    Sall. C. 3 fin.:

    clamore atque adsensu,

    shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
    b.
    In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
    (α).
    Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

    Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

    and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

    rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

    and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

    magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

    and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

    hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

    and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

    and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

    fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

    and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

    intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

    id. C. 52, 35.—
    (β).
    With adeo, and that too, and even:

    intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

    qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

    insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

    id. Planc. 19 fin.:

    non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

    Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

    atque adeo autem quor etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
    (γ).
    With etiam:

    id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

    and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

    ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

    Liv. 3, 46.—
    (δ).
    With the dem. pron. hic, is:

    negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

    and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

    maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

    Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

    id. ib. 2, 2:

    duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

    id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

    flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

    id. B. G. 5, 18:

    ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

    dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

    Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
    II.
    In comparisons.
    A.
    Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

    si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

    Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

    pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

    neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

    parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

    magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

    id. Hann. 5, 3:

    pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

    Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

    In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

    equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

    cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

    Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

    Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

    et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

    id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

    similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

    Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

    contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

    Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

    faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

    cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
    B.
    Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

    illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

    other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

    aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

    also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

    Cic. Att. 2, 3:

    simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

    id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

    id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

    cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

    id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
    C.
    Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

    once, however, non aliter, ac si,

    Cic. Att. 13, 51;

    v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

    nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

    id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

    quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

    et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

    si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

    id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

    tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

    id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

    reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

    id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

    quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

    id. Mur. 4 fin.:

    haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

    Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
    D.
    More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

    in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

    haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

    pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

    id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

    num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

    id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
    E.
    Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

    nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

    quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

    id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

    quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

    Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
    F.
    Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

    amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

    non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

    Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

    Cat. 61, 172:

    haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

    Verg. A. 3, 561:

    Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

    nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

    Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

    id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
    G.
    In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

    principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

    as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

    judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

    Dig. 21, 1, 25:

    quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

    ib. 16, 1, 24.—
    III.
    To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
    a.
    Absol.:

    Decipiam ac non veniam,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

    si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

    perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

    quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 33:

    si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

    id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

    nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

    id. Att. 1, 16:

    si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

    si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

    id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

    velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

    Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

    si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

    Tac. Or. 1.—
    b.
    With potius:

    Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

    quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

    id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

    concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

    Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
    IV.
    In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
    1.
    In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

    atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

    cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

    multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

    Tac. A. 1, 47:

    Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

    Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
    2.
    In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
    a.
    Absol.:

    maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

    and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
    b.
    Often with etiam:

    Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

    Cic. Or. 40, 139:

    Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
    c.
    Sometimes with quoque:

    Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
    d.
    And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
    3.
    In narration:

    aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

    Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

    completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

    Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
    4.
    In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

    Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

    ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

    Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

    12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

    and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

    Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

    Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

    Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

    id. Lael. 15, 54.—
    5.
    In connecting two acts or events.
    a.
    In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

    ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

    And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

    Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

    and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

    dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

    lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

    and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

    dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

    Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

    tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

    id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

    cape hoc argentum atque defer,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

    abi domum ac deos comprecare,

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

    tace modo ac sequere hac,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

    Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

    Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

    Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

    id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
    b.
    In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

    and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    With ita or sic:

    Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

    Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

    ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

    Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
    c.
    Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

    non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

    Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
    6.
    (As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

    Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

    hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

    ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

    Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

    And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
    7.
    In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

    Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

    Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

    Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

    Liv. 21, 41, 13:

    Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

    Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

    Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

    Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
    8.
    To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
    a.
    Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

    atque ipsis commentum placet,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

    ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

    ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

    and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

    observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

    Plin. Pan. 26.—
    b.
    With tamen:

    nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

    discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

    id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

    ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

    Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

    14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

    id. H. 5, 16.—
    9.
    To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

    ... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

    nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
    10.
    In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
    a.
    A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

    Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

    Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

    id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

    Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

    Ac ne forte putes,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

    Ac ne forte putes etc.,

    Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
    b.
    A positive purpose:

    Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

    Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

    Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

    id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
    11.
    a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

    atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
    b.
    In introducing parentheses:

    vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

    Liv. 21, 38:

    omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

    Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
    c.
    At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

    Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

    Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
    V.
    In particular connections and phrases.
    A.
    Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

    unae atque alterae scalae,

    Sall. J. 60, 7:

    quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

    id. ib. 93, 2:

    unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

    Tac. H. 5, 6:

    dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

    Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

    alius atque alius,

    Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

    aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

    Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
    B.
    Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

    temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

    etiam atque etiam considera,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

    monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

    id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

    iterum atque iterum,

    Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
    C.
    Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
    D.
    Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

    atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

    but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

    Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

    and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
    E.
    Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

    Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

    quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

    id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

    nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

    Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
    F.
    With other conjunctions.
    1.
    After et:

    equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

    Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

    id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

    vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

    Tac. Agr. 32.:

    denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

    Liv. 21, 6, 4:

    ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

    id. 21, 41, 2:

    et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

    Quint. 8, 3, 3:

    Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

    id. 12, 10, 67. —
    2.
    After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

    submoverique atque in castra redigi,

    Liv. 26, 10:

    terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

    id. 21, 52:

    mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

    Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
    3.
    Before et:

    caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

    Tac. Agr. 32.—
    4.
    After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

    nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

    Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

    mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

    Suet. Vesp. 12.—
    G.
    Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

    atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

    omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

    id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

    Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

    Cat. 68, 152:

    Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

    Verg. G. 4, 463:

    Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

    id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

    Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

    Tib. 2, 5, 73:

    complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

    Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.
    ► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
    a.
    In the second place:

    Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

    Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

    Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

    id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

    Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

    Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
    b.
    In the third place:

    quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > atque

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