be+like

"like leaves of forests" MC:213, 220; this is a "Qenya" similative form: taure-lasseli-ndon "forest-leaves-like"

cardinal "thirteen" ? VT48:21. This looks like an odd form next to other cardinals that simply end in -quë like lepenquë, enenquë, otoquë = 15, 16, 17, and the form "nelekwe" also listed may indicate another Quenya form nelequë q.v. or *nelquë but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13. By another theory, nelquëa is the ordinal "thirteenth", corresponding to the cardinal *nelequë.

1 pron. "that, it" TA; compare antaróuta/u "he gave it" FS; see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna “thither”, talo/tó “thence” and tás/tassë “there” are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: *”to that”, *”from that” and *”in that” place, respectively. Compare “there” as one gloss of ta see \#4. 2 adv. “so, like that, also”, e.g. ta mára “so good” VT49:12 3 pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things such as inanimates not by the Eldar regarded as persons" VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52. Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir uta/u "we forgive uthem/u" VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers. However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean “that” see \#1 above, he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta “they, them”, introducing variant forms like tai VT49:32 to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te VT49:33, which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate “they, them” was abandoned and the form te q.v. could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó-. 4 conj., said to be a reducted form of tá “then”, used “before each new item in a series or list”; “if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item e.g. ‘Tom, Dick, and Harriet’, this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important”. PE17:70 Hence the use of arta ar ta, “and ta” for “et cetera”; in older language ta ta or just ta. 5 adv. “there” VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or “element” rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta \#1.

conj. “and”, “often used between two items of any part of speech that were by nature or custom clearly associated, like the names of spouses Manwë yo Varda, or “sword and sheath” *macil yo vainë, “bow and arrows” *quinga yo pilindi, or groups like “Elves and Men” Eldar yo Fírimor – but contrast eldain a fírimoin dative forms in FS, where Tolkien joins the words with a, seemingly simply a variant of the common conjunction ar. – In one source, yo is apparently a preposition "with" yo hildinyar = *"with my heirs", SD:56.

case-ending for “similative”: wilwarindon “like a butterfly” see wilwarin, laurendon “like gold” PE17:58 In the post-LotR period Tolkien decided to abandon this ending, apparently because it was to similar to the agental suffix -ndo PE17:58, and it does not appear in the Plotz decension.

1 prefix occurring in the word Atalante, said to denote "complete". Probably just a prefixed stemvowel; cf. a root like ANÁR, said to be derived from NAR. TALÁT 2 a prefix occurring in the Markirya poem Tolkien first used na-, then changed it. It may be prefixed to verbal stems following a noun that is the object of sense-verbs like "see" and "hear" when the verb it is prefixed to describes what happens to this noun, as in man cenuva lumbor ahosta? changed from na-hosta, "who shall see the clouds gather?" hosta = "gather".

adj. "having many leaves", pl. lillassië in Markirya ve tauri lillassië, lit. *"like many-leaved forests", is translated "like leaves of forests" in MC:215. The lil- element is clearly an assimilated form of lin-, \# 1, q.v.

noun *"my child", *"my son" not the normal word for "son", however cf. yondo – onya seems to be derived from the stem ONO "beget" This may be a shortened form of *onnanya see onna, like hinya "my child" q.v. is shortened from hinanya. It may be, then, that onya like hinya is only used in vocative. UT:174

noun "day" of the sun, a full 24-hour cycle Appendix D composed of aurë day, daylight and lómë “night” VT49:45. Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë q.v.. Allative rénna VT49:45.

adv. 2 “very, extremely” PE17:112. Like \#1 above, this element emerged as part of Tolkien’s efforts to explain the initial element of the name Idril Q Itaril, so it is questionable if \#1 and \#2 were ever meant to coexist in the “same” version of Quenya. 3 pron “that which” VT49:12, emended from tai \#1, q.v. The form ita is compounded from the relative pronoun i + the pronoun ta “that, it”.

“uprising, sunrise, east” PE17:18, element underlying words like the following, and also hróna q.v.

noun "a flash" PM:363 adv. 2 “very, extremely” PE17:112. Like \#1 above, this element emerged as part of Tolkien’s efforts to explain the initial element of the name Idril Q Itaril, so it is questionable if \#1 and \#2 were ever meant to coexist in the “same” version of Quenya.

pl. noun, Maiar see Maia who became evil and followed Melkor, like the Balrogs MR:79. Sg. \#Úmaia.

noun "river of large volume, and liable to flooding". The word is said to be archaic, surviving chiefly in topographical names. It comes from earlier duine, hence appearing in that form in a name like Nunduinë VT48:30-31, apparently also Anduinë q.v. Tolkien struck out the paragraph where nuinë occurs, but the names Nunduinë/Anduinë would suggest that the word as such is conceptually valid.

adjectival ending, seen in alcarinqua "glorious" WJ:412 from alcar "glory". Etymologically, -inqua means "-full", like "glory-full" in this case. A variant *-unqua is implied in WJ:415 only referred to in archaic form -unkwā. “The forms using u were mainly applied to things heavy, clumsy, ugly or bad”, whereas -inqua in the same source derived from -inkwā is neutral.

noun "coitus" PE13:163, gloss specified to refer to "one act"; a more general word for "sex" could perhaps be derived by adding an abstract or generalizing ending like -lë

vb. “sew” cited in the form neme, pa.t. néme QL:65 vb."judge", attested as endingless aorist nemë, changed by Tolkien to hamë and finally to navë "in all but one case" Bill Welden. Forms like námo "judge" and namna "statute" point rather to \#nam- q.v. as a verb "to judge" VT42:34; the verb namin "I judge" is even listed in Etym.

1 adj. "holy", \#Airefëa "the Holy Spirit" VT43:37, dative airefëan on the previous page, airetári or Airë Tári "holy queen" a title of Varda, PM:363, genitive aire-tário "holy-queen's" Nam, RGEO:67. However, according to PM:363, airë is the noun "sanctity", while aira is the adjective "holy". VT43:14 refers to an etymological note of "Sept.-Oct. 1957" where airë is said to be a noun "sanctity, holiness", and the adjective "holy" is given as airëa. However, the verb \#airita- "hallow" seems to be formed from an adjective airë, airi- "holy". Evidently airë can function as both adjective "holy" and noun "holiness"; if so airë as adj. could represent a primitive adjective *gaisi, whereas airë as noun may descend from*gaisē. The former but not the latter would have the stem airi- as observed in the derived verb \#airita-, and compounds like airetári rather than *airitári would seem to contain properly the noun "holiness". 2 noun "sea" the form airen is given, intended as a genitive singular when Tolkien wrote this; in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be a dative sg. AYAR/AIR; cf. airon 3 noun "eternity" EY, VT45:13

noun "gold", but of golden light and colour, not of the metal: “golden light” according to PE17:61 a poetic word. Nai laurë lantuva parmastanna lúmissen tengwiesto “may a golden light fall on your book at the times of your reading” VT49:47. In Etym defined as "light of the golden Tree Laurelin, gold", not properly used of the metal gold LÁWAR/GLÁWAR, GLAW-R, VT27:20, 27, PE17:159. In early "Qenya", however, laurë was defined as "the mystic name of gold" LT1:255, 258 or simply "gold" LT1:248, 268. In Laurelin and Laurefindil, q.v., Laurenandë "Gold-valley" = Lórien the land, not the Vala UT:253 and laurinquë name of a tree, possibly *"Gold-full one" UT:168. Laurendon “like gold” or “in gold fashion” but after citing this form, Tolkien decided to abandon the similative ending -ndon, PE17:58.

“going down, setting of sun, west” PE17:18, element underlying words like the following, and also núna q.v.