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41 труд

1) work, labour; (тяжёлый, однообразный) toil; (занятия, хлопоты) affairs

поднимать качество труда — to enhance the quality of labour

каждому по труду — to each according to his work

добровольный труд — voluntary labour

индивидуальный труд — individual labour

интеллектуальный труд — intellectual labour

квалифицированный труд — skilled labour / work, specialist work

коллективный труд — collective work / labour

малоквалифицированный труд — low-skilled work

наёмный труд — wage / hired labour

неблагодарный труд — thankless task

неоплаченный труд — unpaid labour

непроизводительный труд — unproductive / inefficient labour, waste of labour

оплаченный труд — paid labour

продуктивный труд — efficient work

ручной труд — hand labour

замена ручного труда машинным — displacement of hand labour by machinery

свободный труд — free labour

созидательный / творческий труд — creative / constructive work / labour

тягостный труд — back-breaking work

умственный труд — brain-work, mental labour

упорный труд — hard work

физический труд — manual labour

частный труд — private labour

интенсивность труда — work / labour intensity

международное разделение труда — international division of labour

методы организации труда — methods of labour organization

мотивация к труду — incentive for labour

научная организация труда, НОТ — scientific organization of labour, science-based organization of work

нормирование труда — labour rate-setting

охрана труда — protection of labour, labour safety protection

производительность труда — labour productivity

повысить производительность труда — to raise / to increase labour productivity

система оплаты труда — labour remuneration / pay for labour system

средства труда — means of labour

труд несовершеннолетних — juvenile labour

условия труда — working conditions

улучшать условия труда — to boost the working conditions

оздоровление условий труда — improvement of the working conditions

характер труда — character of labour

2) (усилие) effort

взять на себя труд — to take the trouble

с трудом — with difficulty, with an effort

3) (произведение) work; (название научных сборников) transactions

капитальный труд — major work

компилятивный труд — compilation

основополагающие труды — basic works

печатные труды — published works

теоретические труды — theoretical works / studies

фундаментальные труды — fundamental / basic works

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > труд
42 ὑπόστασις

ὑπόστασις, εως, ἡ (ὑφίστημι; Hippocr.+; Polyb. 4, 50, 10; 6, 55, 2; Diod S 16, 32, 3; 16, 33, 1; M. Ant. 10, 5; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 15:5; 17:24; TestReub 2:7; TestZeb 2:4; Tat.; Ath. 21, 3; Iren. 5, 36, 1 [Harv. II 426, 1]; Hippol., Ref. 10, 17, 2; Did., Gen. 128, 11 in widely different meanings. See Dörrie 4 below.)

① the essential or basic structure/nature of an entity, substantial nature, essence, actual being, reality (underlying structure, oft. in contrast to what merely seems to be: Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 395a, 29f; Plut., Mor. 894b; Diog. L., Pyrrh. 9, 91; Artem. 3, 14; Ps 38:6; Wsd 16:21; TestReub 2:7; SJCh 78, 30; Philo, Aet. M. 88; 92; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1; Tat. 6, 2; Ath. 21, 3; cp. the answer of a certain Secundus, who, when asked ‘Quid fides?’, answered: ‘ignotae rei mira certitudo’=a marvelous certainty about someth. otherwise unknown [FPhGr I 516]; s. also Lexicon Sabbaiticum: Lexica Graeca Minora ’65, 53)

ⓐ of the Son of God as χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ a(n) exact representation of (God’s) real being (i.e. as one who is in charge of the universe) Hb 1:3. Sim. of polytheists’ deities, whose basic reality is someth. material like stone, metal etc. Dg 2:1.

ⓑ of things: among the meanings that can be authenticated for Hb 11:1 a strong claim can be made for realization (Diod S 1, 3, 2 of the realization of a plan; Cornutus 9 p. 9, 3 of the realization of humanity; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1 that of the Jewish people, both by a divine act; Tat. 5, 1 of God τοῦ παντὸς ἡ ὑπόστασις): ἔστιν πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπ.=in faith things hoped for become realized, or things hoped for take on (but s. 3 and 4 below) reality. Conversely, ‘without faith things hoped for would have no reality’. HKöster (s. bibliog. 4 below) argues for this sense also in 3:14, but s. 2. Cp. the rendering ‘substance’ (e.g. KJV, REB).

② a plan that one devises for action, plan, project, undertaking, endeavor (Diod. Sic 15, 70, 2; 16, 32, 3; 16, 82, 6; 17, 69, 7; Ezk 19:5) ἐν τῇ ὑποστάσει ταύτῃ in connection with this undertaking i.e. the collection for Jerusalem 2 Cor 9:4. The fact that meeting a financial obligation is the main theme (vss. 1–2) might well suggest association of ὑπ. with its use e.g. as a t.t. of expectation of rent due PTebt 61b, 194. To emphasize the importance of steadfast commitment to professed obligation (opp. καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας ἐν τῷ ἀποστῆναι), the author of Hb 3:14 uses ὑπ. in a way that invites an addressee to draw on the semantic component of obligation familiar in commercial usage of the term (s. PTebt above), an association that is invited by use of μέτοχος, a standard term for a business partner (PHib 109, 3; PCairZen 176, 102 [both III B.C.]), μέχρι τέλους (s.v. τέλος 2bβ), and βέβαιος (s. M-M s.v.). S. Köster 1b above for focus of ὑπ. on ‘reality’.—Satirically, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ὑποστάσει τῆς καυχήσεως in this boasting project of mine 2 Cor 11:17.

③ The interp. situation, condition (Cicero, Ad Attic. 2, 3, 3 ὑπόστασιν nostram=our situation), also specif. frame of mind (Dio Cass. 49, 9; Themist., Or. 13 p. 178b; Jos., Ant. 18, 24 of determination in desperate circumstances; sim. Polyb. 6, 55, 2) has been suggested for some of the passages cited in 1 and 2 above: 2 Cor 9:4 (explained in a v.l. via the epexegetical gen. καυχήσεως); 11:17; Hb 3:14 (s. Dörrie [bibliog. 4 below], p. 39: the frame of mind described in Hb 3:6). The sense ‘confidence’, ‘assurance’ (based on LXX [Ruth 1:12; Ps 38:8; Ezk 19:5], where it renders תִּקְוָה etc.) favored by Melanchthon and Luther (also Tyndale, NRSV, but not KJV) for Hb 11:1 has enjoyed much favor but must be eliminated, since examples of it cannot be found (s. Dörrie and Köster [4 below]). More prob. for Hb 4:11 is

④ guarantee of ownership/entitlement, title deed (Sb 9086 III, 1–11 [104 A.D.]; Spicq III 423 n. 14; cp. M-M s.v.) Hb 11:1 (cp. 2 above for commercial use of ὕπ.).—ASchlatter, Der Glaube im NT⁴ 1927, 614ff; MMathis, The Pauline πίστισ-ὑπόστασις acc. to Hb 11:1, diss. Cath. Univ. of Amer., Washington, D.C. 1920, also Biblica 3, 1922, 79–87; RWitt, Hypostasis: ‘Amicitiae Corolla’ (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 319–43; MSchumpp, D. Glaubensbegriff des Hb: Divus Thomas 11, ’34, 397–410; FErdin, D. Wort Hypostasis, diss. Freiburg ’39; CArpe, Philologus 94, ’41, 65–78; HDörrie, Ὑπόστασις, Wort-u. Bedeutungsgeschichte: NAWG 1955, no. 3, ZNW 46, ’55, 196–202; HKöster, TW VIII 571–88 (Köster prefers plan, project [Vorhaben] for the passages in 2 Cor, and reality [Wirklichkeit] for all 3 occurrences in Hb, contrasting the reality of God with the transitory character of the visible world). S. also the lit. s.v. πίστις 2a.—DELG s.v. ἵστημι. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὑπόστασις
43 Creativity

   1) All Human Complex Problem Solving Is Creativity

   Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Models of Creative Association

   Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the inﬂuence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)

   3) Creative Innovation and Social Independence

   There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)

   4) Ego Strength and Emotional Stability among Creative Geniuses

   he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)

   5) Its Mundane Character

   he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)

   6) Mozart's Musical Ideas Came to Him in Polished Form

   From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)

   7) Scientific Theories and Works of Art Alike Originate in Fantasy

   Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)

   8) Self- Esteem and Creative Expression

   The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)

   9) Stages in Creative Problem- Solving

   In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)

    10) The Bisociative Pattern of the Creative Synthesis

   he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)

    11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder

   Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)

    12) The Inner Life of the Creative Process

   New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)

    13) The Problem of What Impels the Creative Person

   [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....

   Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)

    14) Theories of Creative Thinking

   A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....

   Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity
44 Fehler

m; -s, -

1. beim Rechnen, Schreiben etc.: mistake, error; EDV error; einen Fehler machen make a mistake; mir ist ein Fehler unterlaufen I’ve slipped up; hier hat sich ein Fehler eingeschlichen an error has crept in here; häufige Fehler common errors; etw. als Fehler anstreichen mark s.th. wrong

2. (Versehen, Irrtum) mistake, error; (Lapsus) blunder; (Fehltritt) slip, lapse; (Schuld) fault; einen Fehler machen make a mistake; (taktlos sein etc.) make a wrong move; stärker: put one’s foot in it; in den Fehler verfallen zu (+ Inf.) oder den Fehler begehen zu (+ Inf.) make the mistake of (+ Ger.) ich halte es für einen Fehler, länger zu warten I think it would be wrong ( oder a mistake) to wait any longer; es ist allein dein Fehler, dass... it’s all your fault that..., you are entirely to blame for...

3. charakterlich: fault, weakness, shortcoming; körperlich: (physical) defect; jeder hat seine Fehler nobody’s perfect, we all have our little failings ( oder foibles)

4. am Material etc.: fault, flaw, defect; (Makel) flaw, blemish; (Nachteil, schlechte Seite) drawback; (Haken) snag; Computerprogramm: bug; mit kleinen Fehlern WIRTS. with slight flaws; fig. with minor flaws; das hat den Fehler, dass... the drawback ( oder the trouble with this) is that...; das hat nur den Fehler, dass... the only snag ( oder problem) is that...

5. Springreiten, Tennis etc.: fault; auf Fehler erkennen oder entscheiden Schiedsrichter: call a fault

* * *

der Fehler

aberration; mistake; trip; blemish; failure; blunder; flaw; error; blooper; shortcoming; slip; boob; fault; bobble; defect; lack; demerit; slipup

* * *
['feːlɐ]
m -s, -

1) (= Irrtum, Unrichtigkeit) mistake, error; (SPORT) fault; (COMPUT) error; (= Programmierfehler) bug

einen Féhler machen or begehen — to make a mistake or error

ihr ist ein Féhler unterlaufen — she's made a mistake

Féhler! (Sport) — fault!

schwerer or schwerwiegender Féhler (Comput) — fatal or critical error

voller Féhler (Comput) Programm, Software — bug-ridden

2) (= Mangel) fault, defect; (= Charakterfehler auch) failing

einen Féhler aufweisen — to prove faulty

jeder hat seine Féhler — we all have our faults, nobody's perfect

das ist nicht mein Féhler — that's not my fault

haben — to have a fault

er hat den Féhler an sich, immer dazwischenzureden or dass er immer dazwischenredet — the trouble with him is that he's always interrupting

in den Féhler verfallen, etw zu tun — to make the mistake of doing sth

* * *

der

1) (an imperfection; something wrong: There is a fault in this machine; a fault in his character.) fault

2) (a small fault in a person's speech: A stammer is a speech impediment.) impediment

3) (a fault or flaw: It was a basic defect in her character; a defect in the china.) defect

4) ( noun a mistake: His written work is full of errors.) error

5) (a fault or weakness: He may have his failings, but he has always treated his children well.) failing

6) (a fault; something which makes something not perfect: a flaw in the material.) flaw

7) (a wrong act or judgement: a spelling mistake; It was a mistake to trust him; I took your umbrella by mistake - it looks like mine.) mistake

* * *

Feh·ler

<-s, ->

[ˈfe:lɐ]

m

1. (Irrtum) error, mistake

einen \Fehler auffangen to trap an error

einen \Fehler beheben to remove a mistake

einen \Fehler machen [o begehen] to make a mistake

jds \Fehler sein to be sb's fault

jdm ist ein \Fehler unterlaufen sb has made a mistake

2. SCH error, mistake

3. JUR a. (Mangel) defect

einen \Fehler haben to have a defect, to be defect

4. (schlechte Eigenschaft) fault

jeder hat [seine] \Fehler everyone has [their] faults

den \Fehler [an sich dat] haben, etw zu tun to have the fault of doing sth

du hast den \Fehler, dass du immer mehr verlangst the trouble with you is, you're always asking for more

5. SPORT fault

auf \Fehler erkennen [o entscheiden] to indicate a foul

6. INFORM bug

* * *

der; Fehlers, Fehler

1) mistake; error; (falsches Verhalten, Sport) fault

2) (schlechte Eigenschaft) fault; shortcoming; (Gebrechen) [physical] defect

3) (schadhafte Stelle) flaw; blemish

Porzellan mit kleinen Fehlern — porcelain with small flaws or imperfections

* * *

Fehler m; -s, -

1. beim Rechnen, Schreiben etc: mistake, error; IT error;

einen Fehler machen make a mistake;

mir ist ein Fehler unterlaufen I’ve slipped up;

hier hat sich ein Fehler eingeschlichen an error has crept in here;

häufige Fehler common errors;

etwas als Fehler anstreichen mark sth wrong

2. (Versehen, Irrtum) mistake, error; (Lapsus) blunder; (Fehltritt) slip, lapse; (Schuld) fault;

einen Fehler machen make a mistake; (taktlos sein etc) make a wrong move; stärker: put one’s foot in it;

in den Fehler verfallen zu (+inf) oder

den Fehler begehen zu (+inf) make the mistake of (+ger)

ich halte es für einen Fehler, länger zu warten I think it would be wrong ( oder a mistake) to wait any longer;

es ist allein dein Fehler, dass … it’s all your fault that …, you are entirely to blame for …

3. charakterlich: fault, weakness, shortcoming; körperlich: (physical) defect;

jeder hat seine Fehler nobody’s perfect, we all have our little failings ( oder foibles)

4. am Material etc: fault, flaw, defect; (Makel) flaw, blemish; (Nachteil, schlechte Seite) drawback; (Haken) snag; Computerprogramm: bug;

mit kleinen Fehlern WIRTSCH with slight flaws; fig with minor flaws;

das hat den Fehler, dass … the drawback ( oder the trouble with this) is that …;

das hat nur den Fehler, dass … the only snag ( oder problem) is that …

5. Springreiten, Tennis etc: fault;

auf Fehler erkennen oder

entscheiden Schiedsrichter: call a fault

* * *

der; Fehlers, Fehler

1) mistake; error; (falsches Verhalten, Sport) fault

2) (schlechte Eigenschaft) fault; shortcoming; (Gebrechen) [physical] defect

3) (schadhafte Stelle) flaw; blemish

Porzellan mit kleinen Fehlern — porcelain with small flaws or imperfections

* * *

- m.

bug n.

defect n.

error n.

fault n.

flaw n.

mistake n.

nonconformance n.

slip n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Fehler
45 есть признаки того, что

•
Indications are that actinium is more basic in character.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть признаки того, что
46 оригинал

1) General subject: a queer sort of fellow, an excentric man, archetype, base sheet, character, cough drop, crank, eccentric, erratic, excentric, fantast, flake, foul ball, foul copy, master, matter, maverick, nonconformist, oddball, original, progenitor, progenitor (рукописи и т.п.), quiz, rough copy, freak (person with an unusual personality)

2) Geology: protoplast

3) Military: manuscript (документа), script (документа), top copter-borne

4) Engineering: art (изобразительный), art work, artwork (изобразительный), copy, manuscript, master copy, master drawing, original copy, original document (документа), original image (при копировании), original text, principal, script, source document (документа), subject copy (в факсимильной связи)

5) Mathematics: inverse transform, pre-image, pro-image

6) Religion: autographic copy, autographical copy

7) Law: (контракта) white copy

8) Economy: camera-ready, first

9) Architecture: principal (подлинник)

10) Polygraphy: (изобразительный) art (кроме изготовленного фотографическим способом), (издательский) copy, form (для копирования), picture (изобразительный), subject

11) Electronics: artwork master, drawing

12) Jargon: groover, wig, schmoe

13) Information technology: literary work

14) Cartography: basic design (карты), overlay (в негативном гравировании), run

15) Advertising: master (с которого осуществляется тиражирование или готовятся печатные формы и клише), master disk, original picture (изображения), text, work of art

16) Patents: master (при тиражировании), original copier

17) SAP. facsimile

18) Microelectronics: mask artwork, master mask, master-circuit layout

19) Makarov: an eccentric man, an original man, artwork master (фотошаблона), eccentric man, original (художественного произведения), original (чудак), original man, original version, original work, preimage, printing master, source, source text, the original version

20) Electrochemistry: master form (в гальванопластике)

21) SAP.tech. orig.

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > оригинал
47 У-58

ДЕРЖАТЬ СЕБЙ В УЗДЁ coll VP subj: human to refrain from emotional outbursts, control o.s.: X держит себя в узде - X keeps himself in check X restrains himself X keeps a tight rein on himself (his emotions) X keeps a (tight) lid on his emotions.
Однажды в Ташкенте она (Ахматова) мне призналась, что в молодости была очень трудной - раздражительной, капризной... не знала удержу, спешила жить и ни с чем не считалась. Тогда её слова показались мне неправдоподобными, а она сказала, что просто научилась обуздывать себя. В старости, когда прорвались основные черты характера, я поняла, как трудно было ей держать себя в узде (Мандельштам 2). She (Akhmatova) once confided to me in Tashkent that as a girl she had been quick-tempered, moody, and quite unrestrained, stopping at nothing in her impatience to make the most of life. At the time I found this incredible, even when she explained that she had later learned to control herself. But in her old age, when the basic features of her character broke to the surface again, I could see how hard it was for her to keep herself in check (2a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > У-58
48 свойство

property, character, feature, behavior, quality
• Будет обнаружено, что это свойство присуще (и)... - It will be found that this property is shared by...

• В данном параграфе мы обсуждаем некоторые простые свойства и примеры (чего-л). - In this section we discuss some simple properties and examples of...

• В следующей теореме мы устанавливаем дополнительные свойства... - In the next theorem we obtain further properties of...

• В соответствии со свойствами... возникают четыре разных случая. - Four distinct cases arise according to the nature of...

• В таблице 2 сведены воедино свойства (чего-л). - Table 2 summarizes the properties of...

• В этом параграфе мы подведем итог относительно некоторых свойств (чего-л). - We summarize in this section some of the properties of...

• Все действительные числа обладают следующими свойствами... - All real numbers have the following properties:...

• Выясняется одно замечательное свойство... - A remarkable feature emerges:...

• Данное свойство является основой одного метода нахождения... - This property provides one method of determining...

• Затем вы выводим некоторые из элементарных свойств... - We next derive some of the elementary properties of...

• Материал не меняет своих свойств в широком температурном диапазоне. - The material retains its properties over a wide temperature range.

• Мы будем изучать свойства... - We shall study the properties of...

• Мы выведем теперь некоторые элементарные свойства... - We shall now obtain some elementary properties of...

• Мы можем использовать эти же свойства, чтобы определить... - We can use these same properties to define...

• Мы начинаем с того, что установим свойства... - We begin by establishing the properties of...

• Мы обсудим асимптотические свойства... - We will discuss the asymptotic properties of...

• Мы уже вывели некоторые свойства (чего-л). - We have deduced some of the properties of...

• Наиболее точной формулировкой этих свойств является следующая. - The most concise statement of these properties is as follows.

• Но сначала мы установим некоторые фундаментальные свойства (оператора и т. п.). - But let us first establish some fundamental properties of...

• Новое свойство возникает, когда мы рассматриваем... - A new feature appears when we consider...

• Огромный интерес вызывают свойства этого нового материала. - Great interest is focused on the properties of this new material....

• Одним интересным свойством этих результатов является то, что они указывают... - One interesting feature of these results is that they indicate...

• Относительно соотношения (12) заметим, что его интересным свойством является, что... - The interesting feature to notice about (12) is that...

• Подытожим наиболее важные свойства... - We summarize the most important properties of...

• При выводе большинства этих свойств отправной точкой служит наблюдение, что... - In establishing most of these properties the starting point is the observation that...

• Рассмотрим два свойства... - Let us consider two properties of...

• Результат, представленный формулой (9), очень полезен при выводе свойств (чего-л). - The result (9) is very useful for deducing properties of...

• Следующая теорема обобщает хорошо известное свойство... - The following theorem generalizes a well-known property of...

• Следующие свойства (чего-л) совершенно очевидны... - The following properties are immediately evident:...

• Смит [1] сообщает, что это свойство могло бы иметь полезные практические приложения, что и показывается ниже. - Smith [1] suggests that this property may have a useful practical application as follows.

• Таким образом, важно узнать основные свойства... - Thus, it is important to understand the basic properties of...

• Теперь мы можем найти некоторые дополнительные свойства... - We are now in a position to determine some further properties of...

• Топология имеет дело со свойствами... - Topology deals with the properties of...

• Частицы с конечной массой не обладают этим свойством. - This property is not shared by particles with a finite mass.

• Читатель поймет, что данные свойства прямо связаны с... - The reader will realize that these properties are directly connected with...

• Эти свойства, безусловно, могут применяться в... - These properties can of course be applied to...

• Это подходящее место, чтобы обсудить некоторые свойства, связанные с... - This is a good place to review a number of properties connected with...

• Это приводит нас к важному свойству... - This leads us to an important property of...

• Это свойство известно под названием... - This property is known as...

• Это свойство может быть использовано, чтобы вывести... - This property can be used to derive...

• Это свойство особенно полезно, когда... - This feature is particularly useful when...

• Это свойство позволяет найти... - This property enables one to find...

• Это свойство является почти очевидным как следствие того факта, что... - This property is almost evident from the fact that...

• Это свойство является следствием следующей теоремы. - This property is a consequence of the following theorem.

Русско-английский словарь научного общения > свойство
49 держать себя в узде

• ДЕРЖАТЬ СЕБЯ В УЗДЕ coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

⇒ to refrain from emotional outbursts, control o.s.:

- X держит себя в узде≈ X keeps himself in check;

- X restrains himself;

- X keeps a tight rein on himself < his emotions>;

- X keeps a (tight) lid on his emotions.

♦ Однажды в Ташкенте она [Ахматова] мне призналась, что в молодости была очень трудной - раздражительной, капризной... не знала удержу, спешила жить и ни с чем не считалась. Тогда её слова показались мне неправдоподобными, а она сказала, что просто научилась обуздывать себя. В старости, когда прорвались основные черты характера, я поняла, как трудно было ей держать себя в узде (Мандельштам 2). She [Akhmatova] once confided to me in Tashkent that as a girl she had been quick-tempered, moody, and quite unrestrained, stopping at nothing in her impatience to make the most of life. At the time I found this incredible, even when she explained that she had later learned to control herself. But in her old age, when the basic features of her character broke to the surface again, I could see how hard it was for her to keep herself in check (2a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > держать себя в узде
50 schwach

I Adj.

1. allg. weak; Stimme: weak, faint; Hoffnung, Lächeln: faint; Motor: low-powered; Batterie: low; Puls: weak, faint; Ton, Geruch: faint; Licht: dim; schwache Ähnlichkeit slight resemblance; schwaches Anzeichen faint sign; schwacher Beifall half-hearted applause; schwache Beteiligung low ( oder poor) turnout; schwache Erinnerung faint ( oder vague, dim) recollection; schwacher Esser poor eater; das schwache Geschlecht the weaker sex; schwaches Lob faint praise; schwache Stelle weak spot; eine schwache Stunde a moment of weakness; schwacher Trost small consolation; schwacher Versuch feeble attempt; schwacher Widerstand weak resistance; einen schwachen Willen haben be weak-willed; schwacher Wind slight ( oder light) breeze

2. (schlecht) Mannschaft etc., Schüler: weak; umg. (enttäuschend) hopeless; Gesundheit, Gedächtnis, Gehör: poor; schwache Leistung poor ( oder weak) performance; schwache Vorstellung THEAT. poor performance; umg., fig. (schlechte Leistung) poor show; ein schwaches Bild bieten put up ( oder on) a poor show; schwache Seite Schwäche 2; eines der schwächeren Stücke Brechts one of Brecht’s weaker plays; in Erdkunde ist sie schwach geography is her weak subject, she’s not very good at geography; ein Stützkurs für die Schwächeren a support program(me) for weaker pupils; sozial schwach socially disadvantaged; die sozial Schwachen the socially disadvantaged

3. (nachgiebig) soft; schwach werden weaken; fig. (nachgeben) auch relent; (erliegen) succumb; er wurde schwach fig. auch his resistance broke down; bei dem Anblick wurde ich schwach umg. I melted at the sight; sich schwach zeigen show one’s weakness; mach mich nicht schwach! umg. don’t say things like that!; nur nicht schwach werden! umg. don’t give in!; mir wird ganz schwach, wenn ich daran denke umg. I go weak at the knees just at the thought (of it)

4. schwächer werden weaken (further), grow weaker; Nachfrage: fall off, decrease; Sehkraft: deteriorate; Ton, Licht: fade; schulisch, künstlerisch: abflauen, nachlassen

5. schwach auf der Brust sein umg. be out of pocket

II Adv.:

1. schwach aktiv PHYS., Substanz: low-level; schwach radioaktiv PHYS.... emitting low-level radioactivity, low-level radioactive...; schwach besetzt SPORT, Team: weak; Turnier: with a poor entry; Stadion etc.: half empty; schwach besiedelt oder bevölkert Region: sparsely populated; schwach betont LING., Silbe: weakly stressed; schwach betont sein auch have a weak stress; schwach begabt not at all gifted; Schüler: low-ability; schwach besucht sein be poorly attended; schwach motorisiert low-powered; sich nur schwach wehren offer only weak resistance; sein Herz schlug nur noch schwach he only had a faint heartbeat; schwach dekliniertes Substantiv / Adjektiv weak noun / adjective

2. (schlecht) schwach spielen play badly; schwach entwickelt poorly developed, underdeveloped

* * *

weak; frail; faint; slender; feeble; delicate; slight; feckless; flimsy; infirm; languid; lightweight; sinewed; lame; effete

* * *
schwạch [ʃvax]
1. adj comp - er
['ʃvɛçɐ] superl -ste(r, s) ['ʃvɛçstə] weak (AUCH GRAM); Mensch, Greis, Begründung, Versuch, Aufführung, Alibi, Widerstand auch feeble; Konstitution auch frail; Gesundheit, Beteiligung, Gedächtnis poor; Ton, Anzeichen, Hoffnung, Bewegung faint, slight; Gehör poor, dull; Stimme weak, faint; Licht poor, dim; Wind light; (COMM) Nachfrage, Geschäft slack, poor
schwache Augen — weak or poor (eye)sight

or eine schwache Leistung (inf) — that's a poor show (inf)

ein schwaches Lob — faint praise

jds schwache Seite/Stelle — sb's weak point/spot

ein schwacher Trost — cold or small comfort

in einem schwachen Augenblick, in einer schwachen Stunde — in a moment of weakness, in a weak moment

schwach sein — to be weak in sth

auf schwachen Beinen or Füßen stehen (fig) — to be on shaky ground; (Theorie) to be shaky

alles, was in meinen schwachen Kräften steht — everything within my power

jdn an seiner schwachen or schwächsten Stelle treffen — to strike at or hit sb's weak spot

mir wird schwach (lit) — I feel faint; (fig inf) it makes me sick (inf)

nur nicht schwach werden! — don't weaken!

schwächer werden — to grow weaker, to weaken; (Augen) to fail, to grow worse; (Stimme) to grow fainter; (Licht) to (grow) dim; (Ton) to fade; (Nachfrage) to fall off, to slacken

die Schwachen — the weak

der Schwächere — the weaker (person); (gegenüber Gegner) the underdog

2. adv comp -er,
superl am -sten
1) (= leicht) schlagen weakly; vibrieren, radioaktiv slightly; spüren, riechen, hören barely

2) (= spärlich) besucht, bestückt poorly

schwach besiedelt or bevölkert — sparsely populated

das Stadion war nur schwach besetzt — there were only a few people in the stadium

3) (= geringfügig) klatschen weakly; sich interessieren slightly; sich beteiligen very little

sich immer schwächer beteiligen — to participate less and less

schwach aktiv (Atommüll etc) — low-level

schwach radioaktiv — with low-level radioactivity

schwach betont — weakly stressed

schwach bewegt (Meer) — gently rolling

schon bei schwach bewegtem Meer werde ich seekrank — as soon as there's the slightest swell I get seasick

4) (= mild) salzen, süßen slightly; würzen lightly; pfeffern mildly

* * *

1) (not strong; weak or feeble: The fire was very low.) low

2) (lacking in strength, brightness, courage etc: The sound grew faint; a faint light.) faint

3) (in a faint manner: A light shone faintly.) faintly

4) (slightly; rather: She looked faintly surprised.) faintly

5) feebly

6) (weak: The old lady has been rather feeble since her illness; a feeble excuse.) feeble

7) (not very well made; likely to break: a flimsy boat.) flimsy

8) (lacking in physical strength: Her illness has made her very weak.) weak

9) (not strong in character: I'm very weak when it comes to giving up cigarettes.) weak

10) ((of an explanation etc) not convincing.) weak

11) ((of a joke) not particularly funny.) weak

12) (slenderly: slightly built.) slightly

13) ((of a person) slim and delicate-looking: It seemed too heavy a load for such a slight woman.) slight

* * *

schwach

<schwächer, schwächste>

[ʃvax]

I. adj

1. (nicht kräftig) weak; Stimme feeble, faint

▪ für etw akk zu \schwach sein to not be strong enough for sth

krank und \schwach weak and ill

▪ der Schwächere/Schwächste the weaker/weakest person

\schwacher Widerstand weak [or feeble] resistance

2. (wenig selbstbewusst) Charakter weak

einen \schwachen Willen haben to be weak-willed

3. (wenig leistend) weak

in Rechtschreibung ist er ziemlich \schwach his spelling is rather poor

ein \schwacher Mitarbeiter/Sportler a poor worker/sportsman

ein \schwacher Schüler a poor [or weak] pupil

4. MED (unzureichend) weak, poor

ein \schwaches Gehör/Sehvermögen poor [or weak] hearing/eyesight

im Alter wird das Gehör schwächer one's hearing becomes poorer in old age

\schwache Gesundheit poor health

eine \schwache Konstitution haben to have a frail constitution

5. (dürftig) weak, poor

\schwaches Ergebnis poor result

eine \schwache Leistung a poor performance [or fam show

6. (nicht stichhaltig) Argument weak; Theorie shaky

es gibt noch einige \schwache Stellen in unserem Plan our plan has still got some weaknesses

7. (gering) weak; Licht dim

\schwache Ähnlichkeit remote resemblance

ein \schwaches Anzeichen a faint [or slight] indication

ein \schwacher Bartwuchs a sparse [growth of] beard

eine \schwache Beteiligung [o Teilnahme] poor participation

ein \schwaches Interesse [very] little interest

\schwache Nachfrage poor demand

eine \schwache Resonanz a lukewarm response

eine \schwache Vorstellung von etw dat haben to have a faint idea of sth

8. (leicht) weak

\schwache Atmung faint breathing

eine \schwache Bewegung a slight [or faint] movement

\schwacher Druck light pressure

ein \schwacher Herzschlag a faint heartbeat

ein \schwacher Luftzug/Wind a gentle [or light] breeze/wind

eine \schwache Strömung a light current

▪ schwächer werden to become fainter

9. PHYS (eine geringe Leistung aufweisend) low-powered; Batterie low; Ladung weak

\schwaches Magnetfeld low-intensity magnetic field

dieser Motor ist zu \schwach this engine is not powerful enough

das Licht wird schwächer the light is fading [or failing

10. (dünn) Brett, Eisdecke thin

ein \schwaches Kettenglied a weak chain-link

11. CHEM (gering konzentriert) weak

12.

▶ [bei jdm/etw] \schwach werden (fam) to be unable to resist [sb/sth]

bei Schokoladentorte werde ich immer \schwach I can never resist chocolate gateau

bei dem Gehalt würde wohl jeder \schwach werden anybody would be tempted by a salary like that

nur nicht \schwach werden! (standhaft bleiben!) don't weaken!; (durchhalten!) don't give in!

▶ jdm wird \schwach [zumute] (fam) sb feels faint; s.a. Augenblick, Bild, Trost, Stelle

II. adv

1. (leicht) faintly

das Herz schlug nur noch \schwach the heartbeat had become faint

er hat sich nur \schwach gewehrt he didn't put up much resistance

2. (spärlich) sparsely

nachts sind die Grenzübergänge \schwach besetzt the border crossings aren't very heavily [or well] manned at night

mit Nachschlagewerken sind wir nun wirklich nicht \schwach bestückt we really have got quite a few [or lot of] reference works

die Ausstellung war nur \schwach besucht the exhibition wasn't very well [or was poorly] attended

3. (geringfügig)

Ihre Tochter beteiligt sich in den letzten Monaten nur noch \schwach am Unterricht your daughter has hardly been participating in class in recent months

dieses Problem hat mich immer nur \schwach interessiert this problem has never been of any great interest to me

\schwach applaudieren to applaud sparingly

eine \schwache Erinnerung an etw akk haben to vaguely remember sth

4. (dürftig) feebly

die Mannschaft spielte ausgesprochen \schwach the team put up a feeble performance

5. KOCHK (mild) slightly

der Arzt hat mir geraten, \schwach gesalzen zu essen my doctor has advised me not to add [too] much salt to my food

das Essen ist zu \schwach gewürzt the food isn't spicy enough

6. NUKL

\schwach aktiv low level active

\schwach aktiver Abfall low level active waste

7. CHEM

\schwach basisch weak basic

\schwach flüchtig low volatile

\schwach löslich weakly soluble

* * *
1.
; schwächer, schwächst... Adjektiv

1) (kraftlos) weak; weak, delicate <child, woman>; frail <invalid, old person>; low-powered <engine, car, bulb, amplifier, etc.>; weak, poor <eyesight, memory, etc.>; poor < hearing>; delicate <health, constitution>

schwach werden — grow weak; (fig.): (schwanken) weaken; waver; (nachgeben) give in

mir wird [ganz] schwach — I feel [quite] faint

in einer schwachen Stunde — in a weak moment

2) (nicht gut) poor <pupil, player, runner, performance, result, effort, etc.>; weak <candidate, argument, opponent, play, film, etc.>

er ist in Latein sehr schwach — he is very bad at Latin

das ist aber ein schwaches Bild! — (fig. ugs.) that's a poor show (coll.)

3) (gering, niedrig, klein) poor, low <attendance etc.>; sparse < population>; slight <effect, resistance, gradient, etc.>; light <wind, rain, current>; faint <groan, voice, pressure, hope, smile, smell>; weak, faint < pulse>; lukewarm <applause, praise>; faint, dim < light>; pale < colour>

das Licht wird schwächer — the light is fading

4) (wenig konzentriert) weak <solution, acid, tea, coffee, beer, poison, etc.>

5) (Sprachw.) weak <conjugation, verb, noun, etc.>
2.
adverbial

1) (kraftlos) weakly

2) (nicht gut) poorly

3) (in geringem Maße) poorly <attended, developed>; sparsely < populated>; slightly <poisonous, acid, alcoholic, sweetened, salted, inclined, etc.>; < rain> slightly; <remember, glow, smile, groan> faintly; lightly < accented>; < beat> weakly

4) (Sprachw.)

schwach gebeugt/konjugiert — weak

* * *

schwach

A. adj

1. allg weak; Stimme: weak, faint; Hoffnung, Lächeln: faint; Motor: low-powered; Batterie: low; Puls: weak, faint; Ton, Geruch: faint; Licht: dim;

schwache Ähnlichkeit slight resemblance;

schwaches Anzeichen faint sign;

schwacher Beifall half-hearted applause;

schwache Beteiligung low ( oder poor) turnout;

schwache Erinnerung faint ( oder vague, dim) recollection;

schwacher Esser poor eater;

das schwache Geschlecht the weaker sex;

schwaches Lob faint praise;

schwache Stelle weak spot;

eine schwache Stunde a moment of weakness;

schwacher Trost small consolation;

schwacher Versuch feeble attempt;

schwacher Widerstand weak resistance;

einen schwachen Willen haben be weak-willed;

schwacher Wind slight ( oder light) breeze

2. (schlecht) Mannschaft etc, Schüler: weak; umg (enttäuschend) hopeless; Gesundheit, Gedächtnis, Gehör: poor;

schwache Leistung poor ( oder weak) performance;

schwache Vorstellung THEAT poor performance; umg, fig (schlechte Leistung) poor show;

ein schwaches Bild bieten put up ( oder on) a poor show;

schwache Seite → Schwäche 2;

eines der schwächeren Stücke Brechts one of Brecht’s weaker plays;

in Erdkunde ist sie schwach geography is her weak subject, she’s not very good at geography;

ein Stützkurs für die Schwächeren a support program(me) for weaker pupils;

sozial schwach socially disadvantaged;

die sozial Schwachen the socially disadvantaged

3. (nachgiebig) soft;

schwach werden weaken; fig (nachgeben) auch relent; (erliegen) succumb;

er wurde schwach fig auch his resistance broke down;

bei dem Anblick wurde ich schwach umg I melted at the sight;

sich schwach zeigen show one’s weakness;

nur nicht schwach werden! umg don’t give in!;

mir wird ganz schwach, wenn ich daran denke umg I go weak at the knees just at the thought (of it)

4.

schwächer werden weaken (further), grow weaker; Nachfrage: fall off, decrease; Sehkraft: deteriorate; Ton, Licht: fade; schulisch, künstlerisch: → abflauen, nachlassen

5.

schwach auf der Brust sein umg be out of pocket

B. adv:

1.

schwach aktiv PHYS, Substanz: low-level;

schwach radioaktiv PHYS … emitting low-level radioactivity, low-level radioactive …;

schwach besetzt SPORT, Team: weak; Turnier: with a poor entry; Stadion etc: half empty;

schwach besiedelt oder

bevölkert Region: sparsely populated;

schwach betont LING, Silbe: weakly stressed;

schwach betont sein auch have a weak stress;

schwach begabt not at all gifted; Schüler: low-ability;

schwach besucht sein be poorly attended;

schwach motorisiert low-powered;

sich nur schwach wehren offer only weak resistance;

sein Herz schlug nur noch schwach he only had a faint heartbeat;

schwach dekliniertes Substantiv/Adjektiv weak noun/adjective

2. (schlecht)

schwach spielen play badly;

schwach entwickelt poorly developed, underdeveloped

…schwach im adj

1. qualitätsmäßig:

ausdrucksschwach inarticulate, lacking expressive power;

inhaltsschwach with poor content

2. leistungsmäßig:

gedächtnisschwach with a poor memory;

konditionsschwach unfit, in poor shape;

konzentrationsschwach unable to concentrate properly;

lernschwach with learning difficulties

3. mit zu geringer Zahl:

mitgliederschwach with few members;

PS-schwach low-powered

* * *
1.
; schwächer, schwächst... Adjektiv

1) (kraftlos) weak; weak, delicate <child, woman>; frail <invalid, old person>; low-powered <engine, car, bulb, amplifier, etc.>; weak, poor <eyesight, memory, etc.>; poor < hearing>; delicate <health, constitution>

schwach werden — grow weak; (fig.): (schwanken) weaken; waver; (nachgeben) give in

mir wird [ganz] schwach — I feel [quite] faint

in einer schwachen Stunde — in a weak moment

2) (nicht gut) poor <pupil, player, runner, performance, result, effort, etc.>; weak <candidate, argument, opponent, play, film, etc.>

er ist in Latein sehr schwach — he is very bad at Latin

das ist aber ein schwaches Bild! — (fig. ugs.) that's a poor show (coll.)

3) (gering, niedrig, klein) poor, low <attendance etc.>; sparse < population>; slight <effect, resistance, gradient, etc.>; light <wind, rain, current>; faint <groan, voice, pressure, hope, smile, smell>; weak, faint < pulse>; lukewarm <applause, praise>; faint, dim < light>; pale < colour>

das Licht wird schwächer — the light is fading

4) (wenig konzentriert) weak <solution, acid, tea, coffee, beer, poison, etc.>

5) (Sprachw.) weak <conjugation, verb, noun, etc.>
2.
adverbial

1) (kraftlos) weakly

2) (nicht gut) poorly

3) (in geringem Maße) poorly <attended, developed>; sparsely < populated>; slightly <poisonous, acid, alcoholic, sweetened, salted, inclined, etc.>; < rain> slightly; <remember, glow, smile, groan> faintly; lightly < accented>; < beat> weakly

4) (Sprachw.)

schwach gebeugt/konjugiert — weak

* * *

adj.

faint adj.

feckless adj.

feeble adj.

flimsy adj.

fragile adj.

infirm adj.

languid adj.

slight adj.

weak adj. adv.

faintly adv.

fecklessly adv.

feebly adv.

flimsily adv.

infirmly adv.

languidly adv.

slightly adv.

weakly adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schwach
51 ley

f.

law (norma, precepto).

leyes law (derecho)

ganaron con todas las de la ley (informal) they won fair and square

de buena ley reliable, sterling

ley del embudo (informal) one law for oneself and another for everyone else

ley marcial martial law

ley de la oferta y la demanda law of supply and demand

ley sálica (history) Salic law

la Ley Seca (history) Prohibition

la ley de la selva the law of the jungle

ley de la ventaja (sport) advantage (law)

* * *

ley

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) law; (proyecto de ley) bill, act; (regla) rule

2 (de metal) purity

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

aprobar una ley to pass a bill

con todas las de la ley proper

de ley (oro) pure 2 (plata) sterling 3 (persona) genuine

¡es ley de vida! that's life!, that's the way the cookie crumbles!

estar fuera de la ley to be outside the law

hecha la ley, hecha la trampa whatever the law, there's always a loophole, laws are made to be broken

por ley by law

la ley del más fuerte the law of the jungle

ley del embudo double standards plural

ley marcial martial law

ley orgánica constitutional law

ley sálica Salic law

ley seca prohibition law

* * *

noun f.

1) law

2) purity

* * *

SF

1) (=precepto) law

aprobar o votar una ley — to pass a law

todos somos iguales ante la ley — we are all equal before the law

está por encima de la ley — he's above the law

está fuera de la ley — he's outside the law

un fuera de la ley — an outlaw

de acuerdo con la ley, según la ley — in accordance with the law, by law, in law

con todas las de la ley —

quieren crear una fundación con todas las de la ley — they want to set up a fully-fledged charitable trust

va a protestar, y con todas las de la ley — he's going to complain and rightly so

quiere celebrar su aniversario con todas las de la ley — she wants to celebrate her anniversary in style

- hecha la ley hecha la trampa

ley cambiaria — currency exchange regulations

ley de extranjería — immigration laws

ley de fugas, se le aplicó la ley de fugas — he was shot while trying to escape

ley fundamental — constitutional law

ley marcial — martial law

ley orgánica — constitutional law

ley seca — prohibition law

2) (=regla no escrita) law

ley de la calle — mob law, lynch law

ley de la selva — law of the jungle

ley del embudo — unfair law

ley del más fuerte — (principle of) might is right

ley del Talión — ( Hist) lex talionis; (fig) (principle of) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth

3) (=principio científico) law

ley de la gravedad — law of gravity

ley de la oferta y la demanda — law of supply and demand

ley natural — (Fís) law of nature; (Ética) natural law

4) (Dep) rule, law

ley de la ventaja — advantage rule

5) (Rel)

la ley de Dios — the rule of God, God's law

ley de Moisés — the law of Moses

6) (Metal)

oro de ley — pure gold, standard gold

bajo de ley — base

ser de (buena) ley — to be genuine

ser de mala ley — to be a bad character

7) † (=lealtad) loyalty, devotion

tener/tomar ley a algn — to be/become devoted to sb

* * *

femenino

1) ( disposición legal) law

conforme a la ley — in accordance with the law

aplicar una ley — to apply a law

violar la ley — to break the law

atenerse a la ley — to obey the law

es ley de vida — it is a fact of life

hacerle la ley del hielo a alguien — (Chi, Méx) to give somebody the cold shoulder

la ley de la selva or de la jungla — the law of the jungle

la ley del más fuerte — the survival of the fittest

la ley del mínimo esfuerzo — the line of least resistance

la ley del talión — an eye for an eye

morir en su ley — (Andes) to die as one lived

quien hace la ley hace la trampa — every law has a loophole

ley pareja no es dura — (CS) a rule isn't unfair if it applies to everyone

- ley de fuga

- ley del embudo

- ley seca

2) ( justicia)

la ley — the law

somos iguales ante la ley — we are equal in the eyes of the law

un representante de la ley — a representative of the law

con todas las de la ley: ganó con todas las de la ley she won very deservedly; una comida con todas las de la ley a proper meal; una democracia con todas las de la ley — a fully-fledged democracy

- ley marcial/sálica

3) (Fís) law

- ley de la oferta y la demanda

4) (de oro, plata) assay value

de buena ley — genuine

* * *

= bill, law, legislative enactment, act.

Ex. The conference debated a library bill which aims to set up public libraries in all municipalities with over 30,000 inhabitants.

Ex. A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.

Ex. Apply this rule to legislative enactments and decrees of a political jurisdiction and decrees of a chief executive having the force of law.

Ex. This act allowed for the establishment of town libraries, which were free and open to all ratepayers and provided by funds from local rates.

----

* acatar la ley = follow + the law.

* acatar las leyes = keep on + the right side of the law.

* al borde de la ley = on the edge of the law.

* al margen de la ley = extra-judicial.

* ante la ley = at law.

* anteproyecto de ley = draft of legislation, draft bill.

* aprobar una ley = pass + law, pass + legislation, pass + bill.

* ausencia de ley = anomie.

* autoridad sancionadora de ley = enactor of law.

* castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.

* confección de leyes = law-making [lawmaking/law making].

* con todas las de la ley = full-bodied, full-fledged, full-scale.

* con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.

* contravenir la ley = contravene + the law, break + the law.

* contravenir una ley = be in breach of + law.

* creación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* creador de leyes = rule-maker [rulemaker].

* cumplidor de las leyes = law abiding.

* cumplir la ley = observe + the law.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de ley = kosher.

* dentro de la ley = within the law.

* elaboración de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* espíritu de la ley, el = spirit of the law, the.

* formulación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.

* hacer las leyes más estrictas = tighten + laws.

* infractor de la ley = scofflaw.

* infringir la ley = break + the law.

* infringir una ley = infringe + law, violate + law, breach + law, be in breach of + law.

* interpretar la ley = interpret + the law.

* interpretar la ley según le convenga mejor a Uno = bend + the rules to suit + Posesivo + own purposes, bend + the rules, circumvent + rules.

* ir en contra de la ley = be against the law.

* legislación por decreto ley = delegated legislation.

* ley antigua = ancient law.

* ley antiterrorista = terrorism act.

* ley consuetudinaria = customary law.

* ley cósmica = cosmic law.

* ley de bibliotecas = library law.

* ley de bibliotecas, la = library act, the.

* ley de copyright = copyright law.

* ley de derechos de autor = copyright law.

* ley de dispersión = law of scattering.

* Ley de Dispersión de Bradford = Bradford's distribution law, Bradford's Law of Scatter, Bradford's Law of Scattering.

* ley de frecuencias de palabras de Zipf = Zipf's word frequency law.

* ley de la gravedad, la = law of gravity, the.

* ley de la oferta y la demanda = law of supply and demand.

* ley de la selva, la = law of the jungle, the.

* Ley del Derecho a la Privacidad = privacy law, privacy protection law, Privacy Act.

* ley del más fuerte, la = law of the jungle, the, law of the jungle, the, survival of the fittest, survival of the strongest.

* Ley de los Medicamentos Raros, la = Orphan Drug Act, the.

* ley de los rendimientos decrecientes = law of diminishing returns.

* Ley de Lotka, la = Lotka's Law.

* ley del secreto industrial = trade secret law.

* ley de Pareto = Pareto's law.

* ley de pesos y medidas = weights and measures act.

* ley de productividad científica de Lotka = Lotka's scientific productivity law.

* Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, la = intellectual property law, Copyright Act, the.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.

* ley de responsabilidad por el producto = product liability law.

* Ley de Simplificación de los Procesos Administrativos = Paperwork Reduction Act.

* ley de sucesión = inheritance law.

* ley de vida = fact of life, laws of nature.

* ley draconiana = draconian law.

* leyes = the law of the land.

* leyes científicas = laws of physics.

* leyes contra la difamación = laws of libel.

* leyes de la ciencia = laws of physics.

* leyes de la física = laws of physics.

* leyes de la naturaleza = nature's laws, laws of nature.

* leyes sobre la igualdad = equity laws.

* leyes sobre patentes = patent law.

* leyes vigentes = the law of the land.

* ley exponencial = power law.

* ley exponencial inversa = inverse power law.

* ley marcial = martial law.

* Ley Patriótica, La = USA Patriot Act, the.

* ley penal = penal law.

* ley sobre contratos = contract law.

* ley sucesoria = inheritance law.

* ley tribal = tribal law.

* ley tributaria = tax bill.

* no infringir las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

* obedecer la ley = observe + the law, follow + the law.

* organismo encargado de hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcing agency.

* por ley = mandated.

* promulgar leyes = enact + legislation.

* promulgar una ley = enact + law, promulgate + rule, promulgate + law.

* proteger por ley = protect by + law.

* proyecto de ley = green paper, legislative bill.

* quebrantar la ley = break + the law.

* rechazar una ley = defeat + legislation.

* redactar leyes = draft + legislation.

* redactar una ley = draft + law.

* respetar la ley = observe + the law.

* respetar las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

* respetuoso de la ley = law abiding.

* saltarse la ley a la torera = flout + the law.

* ser responsable ante la ley = be criminally liable.

* tener problemas con la ley = fall + foul of the law, go + afoul of the law, fall + afoul of the law.

* transgresor de la ley = lawbreaker.

* valor de ley = force of law.

* violación de la ley = breach of legislation.

* violar una ley = violate + law, break + the law, be in breach of + law.

* * *

femenino

1) ( disposición legal) law

conforme a la ley — in accordance with the law

aplicar una ley — to apply a law

violar la ley — to break the law

atenerse a la ley — to obey the law

es ley de vida — it is a fact of life

hacerle la ley del hielo a alguien — (Chi, Méx) to give somebody the cold shoulder

la ley de la selva or de la jungla — the law of the jungle

la ley del más fuerte — the survival of the fittest

la ley del mínimo esfuerzo — the line of least resistance

la ley del talión — an eye for an eye

morir en su ley — (Andes) to die as one lived

quien hace la ley hace la trampa — every law has a loophole

ley pareja no es dura — (CS) a rule isn't unfair if it applies to everyone

- ley de fuga

- ley del embudo

- ley seca

2) ( justicia)

la ley — the law

somos iguales ante la ley — we are equal in the eyes of the law

un representante de la ley — a representative of the law

con todas las de la ley: ganó con todas las de la ley she won very deservedly; una comida con todas las de la ley a proper meal; una democracia con todas las de la ley — a fully-fledged democracy

- ley marcial/sálica

3) (Fís) law

- ley de la oferta y la demanda

4) (de oro, plata) assay value

de buena ley — genuine

* * *

= bill, law, legislative enactment, act.

Ex: The conference debated a library bill which aims to set up public libraries in all municipalities with over 30,000 inhabitants.

Ex: A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and statutes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues.

Ex: Apply this rule to legislative enactments and decrees of a political jurisdiction and decrees of a chief executive having the force of law.

Ex: This act allowed for the establishment of town libraries, which were free and open to all ratepayers and provided by funds from local rates.

* acatar la ley = follow + the law.

* acatar las leyes = keep on + the right side of the law.

* al borde de la ley = on the edge of the law.

* al margen de la ley = extra-judicial.

* ante la ley = at law.

* anteproyecto de ley = draft of legislation, draft bill.

* aprobar una ley = pass + law, pass + legislation, pass + bill.

* ausencia de ley = anomie.

* autoridad sancionadora de ley = enactor of law.

* castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.

* confección de leyes = law-making [lawmaking/law making].

* con todas las de la ley = full-bodied, full-fledged, full-scale.

* con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.

* contravenir la ley = contravene + the law, break + the law.

* contravenir una ley = be in breach of + law.

* creación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* creador de leyes = rule-maker [rulemaker].

* cumplidor de las leyes = law abiding.

* cumplir la ley = observe + the law.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de ley = kosher.

* dentro de la ley = within the law.

* elaboración de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* espíritu de la ley, el = spirit of the law, the.

* formulación de leyes = rulemaking [rule-making].

* hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcement, enforce + law, legal enforcement.

* hacer las leyes más estrictas = tighten + laws.

* infractor de la ley = scofflaw.

* infringir la ley = break + the law.

* infringir una ley = infringe + law, violate + law, breach + law, be in breach of + law.

* interpretar la ley = interpret + the law.

* interpretar la ley según le convenga mejor a Uno = bend + the rules to suit + Posesivo + own purposes, bend + the rules, circumvent + rules.

* ir en contra de la ley = be against the law.

* legislación por decreto ley = delegated legislation.

* ley antigua = ancient law.

* ley antiterrorista = terrorism act.

* ley consuetudinaria = customary law.

* ley cósmica = cosmic law.

* ley de bibliotecas = library law.

* ley de bibliotecas, la = library act, the.

* ley de copyright = copyright law.

* ley de derechos de autor = copyright law.

* ley de dispersión = law of scattering.

* Ley de Dispersión de Bradford = Bradford's distribution law, Bradford's Law of Scatter, Bradford's Law of Scattering.

* ley de frecuencias de palabras de Zipf = Zipf's word frequency law.

* ley de la gravedad, la = law of gravity, the.

* ley de la oferta y la demanda = law of supply and demand.

* ley de la selva, la = law of the jungle, the.

* Ley del Derecho a la Privacidad = privacy law, privacy protection law, Privacy Act.

* ley del más fuerte, la = law of the jungle, the, law of the jungle, the, survival of the fittest, survival of the strongest.

* Ley de los Medicamentos Raros, la = Orphan Drug Act, the.

* ley de los rendimientos decrecientes = law of diminishing returns.

* Ley de Lotka, la = Lotka's Law.

* ley del secreto industrial = trade secret law.

* ley de Pareto = Pareto's law.

* ley de pesos y medidas = weights and measures act.

* ley de productividad científica de Lotka = Lotka's scientific productivity law.

* Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, la = intellectual property law, Copyright Act, the.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.

* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.

* ley de responsabilidad por el producto = product liability law.

* Ley de Simplificación de los Procesos Administrativos = Paperwork Reduction Act.

* ley de sucesión = inheritance law.

* ley de vida = fact of life, laws of nature.

* ley draconiana = draconian law.

* leyes = the law of the land.

* leyes científicas = laws of physics.

* leyes contra la difamación = laws of libel.

* leyes de la ciencia = laws of physics.

* leyes de la física = laws of physics.

* leyes de la naturaleza = nature's laws, laws of nature.

* leyes sobre la igualdad = equity laws.

* leyes sobre patentes = patent law.

* leyes vigentes = the law of the land.

* ley exponencial = power law.

* ley exponencial inversa = inverse power law.

* ley marcial = martial law.

* Ley Patriótica, La = USA Patriot Act, the.

* ley penal = penal law.

* ley sobre contratos = contract law.

* ley sucesoria = inheritance law.

* ley tribal = tribal law.

* ley tributaria = tax bill.

* no infringir las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

* obedecer la ley = observe + the law, follow + the law.

* organismo encargado de hacer cumplir la ley = law enforcing agency.

* por ley = mandated.

* promulgar leyes = enact + legislation.

* promulgar una ley = enact + law, promulgate + rule, promulgate + law.

* proteger por ley = protect by + law.

* proyecto de ley = green paper, legislative bill.

* quebrantar la ley = break + the law.

* rechazar una ley = defeat + legislation.

* redactar leyes = draft + legislation.

* redactar una ley = draft + law.

* respetar la ley = observe + the law.

* respetar las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

* respetuoso de la ley = law abiding.

* saltarse la ley a la torera = flout + the law.

* ser responsable ante la ley = be criminally liable.

* tener problemas con la ley = fall + foul of the law, go + afoul of the law, fall + afoul of the law.

* transgresor de la ley = lawbreaker.

* valor de ley = force of law.

* violación de la ley = breach of legislation.

* violar una ley = violate + law, break + the law, be in breach of + law.

* * *

ley

feminine

A (disposición legal) law

conforme a la leyor según disponen las leyes in accordance with the law

promulgar/dictar una ley to promulgate/issue a law

aprobar/derogar una ley to pass/repeal a law

aplicar una ley to apply a law

se acogió a la ley de ciudadanía he sought protection under the citizenship law

violar la ley to break the law

atenerse a la ley to abide by o obey the law

es ley de vida it is a fact of life

hacerle la ley del hielo a algn (Chi, Méx); to give sb the cold shoulder

la ley de la selva or de la jungla the law of the jungle

la ley del más fuerte the survival of the fittest

la ley del mínimo esfuerzo the line of least resistance

la ley del Talión an eye for an eye

aplicar la ley del Talión to demand an eye for an eye

morir en su ley ( Andes); to die as one lived

tenerle ley a algn ( Chi fam); to have it in for sb ( colloq)

hecha la ley hecha la trampa or quien hace la ley hace la trampa every law has its loophole

ley pareja no es dura or rigurosa (CS); a rule isn't unfair if it applies to everyone

Compuestos:

● ley de extranjería

(en Esp) ≈ immigration laws (pl)

● ley de fuga(s)

(Andes, Méx): aplicarle a algn la ley de fuga(s) the practice of allowing a prisoner to escape and then shooting him/her in the back

● ley de la ventaja

advantage rule

● ley del embudo

unfair law/rule

● ley orgánica

organic law

● ley seca

la ley seca Prohibition

● ley tributaria

tax law

B

(justicia): la ley the law

todos somos iguales ante la ley we are all equal in the eyes of the law o under the law

un representante de la ley a representative of the law

con todas las de la ley: ganó con todas las de la ley she won very fairly o rightly o deservedly

un almuerzo con todas las de la ley a proper o real lunch

Compuestos:

● ley marcial

martial law

● ley sálica

Salic law

C

1 (regla natural) law

las leyes de la física the laws of physics

2 ( Bib) law

Compuestos:

● ley de la gravedad

law of gravity

● ley de la oferta y la demanda

law of supply and demand

● leyes de Mendel

fpl Mendel's laws (pl)

D (de oro, plata) assay value

de buena ley genuine

* * *

ley sustantivo femenino
1 ( en general) law;
◊ violar la ley to break the law;

iguales ante la ley equal in the eyes of the law;
ley de la oferta y la demanda law of supply and demand;
la ley del más fuerte the survival of the fittest;
ley pareja no es dura (CS) a rule isn't unfair if it applies to everyone
2 (de oro, plata) assay value
ley sustantivo femenino law
Rel la ley del aborto, the abortion law
la ley judía/cristiana, Jewish/Christian law
ley marcial, martial law
una ley de protección del patrimonio artístico, a law on artistic heritage protection
la ley de la selva, the law of the jungle
Pol proyecto de ley, bill
♦ Locuciones: es una persona de ley, he's a reliable person
oro de ley, pure gold
plata de ley, sterling silver
' ley' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acogerse
- adelante
- anteproyecto
- anular
- anulación
- aplicarse
- aprobar
- calle
- codificar
- decreto
- derogación
- dictar
- estatuto
- formular
- hallar
- igualdad
- impugnar
- infringir
- LOGSE
- observar
- oposición
- oro
- plata
- proscrita
- proscrito
- proyecto
- radical
- reformar
- regir
- relajar
- respetar
- retroactiva
- retroactivo
- rigor
- sálica
- sálico
- sancionar
- selva
- someterse
- supresión
- suprimir
- tabla
- talión
- título
- universal
- vigencia
- vigente
- vigor
- violar
- violación
English:
act
- apply
- arm
- bill
- breach
- break
- bring in
- carry
- date back to
- date from
- defy
- effect
- enact
- enforce
- equal
- fingertip
- frame
- framework
- full-fledged
- go through
- implement
- infringe
- infringement
- introduce
- introduction
- jungle
- keep
- law
- legal
- letter
- liberal
- move
- muscle
- obey
- observance
- observe
- pass
- passing
- provoke
- repeal
- repudiate
- reversal
- revival
- revive
- scope
- section
- sod
- stand
- state
- statutory

* * *

ley nf

1. [norma] law;
[parlamentaria] act;
Comp

hecha la ley, hecha la trampa laws are made to be broken;

leyes [derecho] law

Comp
ley de extranjería immigration law;
ley de fugas = illegal execution of prisoner, pretending that he was shot while trying to escape;

ley fundamental basic law, constitutional law;

ley de incompatibilidades = act regulating which other positions may be held by people holding public office;

ley marcial martial law;
Pol ley marco framework law; Pol ley orgánica organic law; Hist ley sálica Salic law;
ley seca prohibition law;
Dep ley de la ventaja advantage (law);
aplicar la ley de la ventaja to play the advantage

2. [precepto religioso] law

Comp
la ley coránica Koranic law;
la ley judía Jewish law

3. [principio] law

Comp
Fam ley del embudo one law for oneself and another for everyone else;
la ley del más fuerte the survival of the fittest;

la ley del mínimo esfuerzo: [m5] seguir la ley del mínimo esfuerzo to take the line of least resistance;

ley natural law of nature;

ley de la oferta y de la demanda law of supply and demand;

la ley de la selva the law of the jungle;

la ley del talión an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth;

no cree en la ley del talión she doesn't believe in “an eye for an eye”;

ley de vida: [m5] es ley de vida it's a fact of life

4.
la ley [la justicia] the law;

la igualdad ante la ley equality before the law;

Comp
Fam
con todas las de la ley: ganaron con todas las de la ley they won fair and square;

Comp

ser de ley [situación] to be right and proper;
[persona] to be totally trustworthy
5. [de metal precioso]
de ley [oro] = containing the legal amount of gold;
[plata] sterling;
Comp

de buena ley reliable, sterling;

Comp

de mala ley crooked, disreputable

* * *

ley

f law;

es la ley del más fuerte might is right;

una ley no escrita an unwritten law;

con todas las de la ley fairly and squarely

* * *

ley nf

1) : law

fuera de la ley: outside the law

la ley de gravedad: the law of gravity

2) : purity (of metals)

oro de ley: pure gold

* * *

ley n law

Spanish-English dictionary > ley
52 grunnpreg

subst. basic (el. fundamental) character

Norsk-engelsk ordbok > grunnpreg
53 certain

certain, e [sεʀtɛ̃, εn]

1. adjective

   a. ( = convaincu) [personne] sure, certain

• es-tu certain de rentrer ce soir ? are you sure or certain you'll be back this evening?

• elle est certaine qu'ils viendront she's sure or certain they'll come

   b. ( = incontestable) certain ; [indice] sure ; [date, prix] definite

• il a fait des progrès certains he has made definite progress

• la victoire est certaine victory is assured

• c'est une chose certaine it's absolutely certain

• c'est certain there's no doubt about it

   c. ( = plus ou moins défini avant le nom) un certain... a (certain)...

• un certain ministre disait même que... a certain minister even said that...

• un certain M. Leblanc vous a demandé a Mr Leblanc was asking for you

• dans une certaine mesure to a certain extent

• dans un certain sens in a certain sense

• jusqu'à un certain point up to a point

• un certain nombre d'éléments font penser que... a number of things lead one to think that...

   d. (intensif avant le nom) some

• c'est à une certaine distance d'ici it's some distance from here

• cela demande un certain courage it takes some courage

• au bout d'un certain temps after a while

• il a un certain âge he's getting on

• une personne d'un certain âge an elderly person

   e. certains ( = quelques) some, certain

• dans certains cas in some or certain cases

• certaines personnes ne l'aiment pas some people don't like him

• sans certaines notions de base without some or certain basic notions

2. plural indefinite pronoun

certains ( = personnes) some people ; ( = choses) some

• dans certains de ces cas in some of these cases

• parmi ses récits certains sont amusants some of his stories are amusing

• pour certains for some people

• certains disent que... some people say that...

• certains d'entre vous some of you

• il y en a certains qui... there are some who...

* * *

1.

certaine sɛʀtɛ̃, ɛn adjectif

1) ( convaincu)

certain de — certain ou sure of

es-tu certain d'avoir fermé le gaz? — are your certain ou sure that you turned off the gas?

2) ( indiscutable) certain, sure

tenir quelque chose pour certain — to be certain of something

c'est sûr et certain — (colloq) it's absolutely certain

ils vont gagner, c'est certain! — they're bound to win!

il est certain qu'il n'aurait jamais pu faire ce qu'il a fait sans sa femme — he certainly couldn't have done what he did if it hadn't been for his wife

ils vont à une mort certaine — they're heading for certain death

une influence certaine — an undeniable ou a definite influence

un homme d'un âge certain — a man of advanced years

3) ( fixé) [date, prix] definite

2.

adjectif indéfini (before n)

1) ( mal défini)

elle restera un certain temps — she'll stay for some time ou for a while

un certain nombre d'erreurs — a (certain) number of mistakes

une certaine image de la France — a certain image of France

dans une certaine mesure — to a certain ou to some extent

d'une certaine manière — in a way

2) ( devant un nom de personne)

un certain M. Grovagnard — a (certain) Mr Grovagnard

3) ( intensif) some

il faut un certain culot — (colloq) it takes some nerve (colloq)

un homme d'un certain âge — a man who's no longer young

il avait déjà un certain âge — he was already getting on in years

3.

certains, certaines adjectif indéfini pluriel some

à certains moments — sometimes, at times

4.

certains, certaines pronom indéfini pluriel some people

certains d'entre eux — some of them

* * *
sɛʀtɛ̃, ɛn certain, -e
1. adj

1) (= incontestable) certain, (avantage) definite

Ce n'est pas certain. — It's not certain.

Nous allons vers une faillite certaine. — We're heading for certain bankruptcy.

L'Italie possède un avantage certain: ses attaquants. — Italy has one definite advantage: its strikers.

2) (= convaincu) certain

être certain de — to be certain of, to be sure of

être certain que — to be certain that, to be sure that

Je suis certain que je l'ai remis en place. — I'm certain that I put it back., I'm sure that I put it back.

sûr et certain — absolutely certain

3) (avant le nom: au singulier) (= pas clairement déterminé) certain

un certain Bertrand — a certain Bertrand

dans une certaine mesure — to a certain extent, to some extent

d'un certain âge — of a certain age

un certain temps — quite some time, some time

J'ai mis un certain temps à comprendre ce qu'elle disait. — It took me quite some time to understand what she was saying., It took me some time to understand what she was saying.

d'une certaine manière — in a way

Il règne une certaine confusion. — There is some confusion.

4) (avant le nom: au pluriel)

certains (= quelques) — some

Certaines personnes n'aiment pas la crème. — Some people don't like cream.

Certaines fois, il n'y avait personne. — Sometimes there was nobody there.

2. certains pron

some

certaines — some

* * *

certain, certaine

A adj

1 ( convaincu) certain de certain ou sure of; être certain de qch to be certain ou sure of sth; je suis certain qu'elle est coupable I'm certain ou sure that she's guilty; est-ce que tu es certain d'avoir fermé le gaz? are your certain ou sure that you turned off the gas?; nous ne sommes pas certains qu'elle en a or qu'elle en ait envie we're not certain ou sure that she feels like it;

2 ( indiscutable) certain, sure; tenir qch pour certain to be certain of sth; il est certain qu'elle acceptera it's certain that she'll accept, she's certain to accept; il n'est pas certain qu'il puisse venir it's not certain ou definite that he'll be able to come; ce n'est pas là chose certaine it's not certain ou definite; c'est sûr et certain○ it's absolutely certain; ils vont gagner, c'est certain! they're bound to win!, they're sure to win!; il est certain qu'il n'aurait jamais pu faire ce qu'il a fait sans sa femme he certainly couldn't have done what he did if it hadn't been for his wife; ils vont à une mort certaine they're heading for certain death; il a sur ses élèves une influence certaine he has an undeniable ou a definite influence on his pupils; un homme d'un âge certain a man of advanced years;

3 Comm [date, prix] definite, fixed; [taux] fixed.

B adj indéf (before n)

1 ( mal défini) elle restera à la maison un certain temps she'll stay at home for some time ou for a while; il y a encore dans le texte un certain nombre d'erreurs there are still a (certain) number of mistakes in the text; il représente une certaine image de la France he represents a certain image of France; se faire une certaine idée de la vie to have a certain conception of life; j'ai malgré tout une certaine admiration pour lui in spite of everything I've got a certain admiration for him; dans une certaine mesure to a certain ou to some extent; d'une certaine manière in a way; jusqu'à un certain point up to a (certain) point; il est venu un certain soir que j'étais sorti he came one evening when I was out;

2 ( devant un nom de personne) un certain M. Grovagnard a (certain) Mr Grovagnard;

3 ( intensif) some; il m'a fallu un certain temps pour comprendre it took me a while ou some time to understand; ça demande un certain entraînement/une certaine adresse it requires some practice/some skill; il faut un certain culot○ pour… it takes some nerve○ to…; un homme d'un certain âge a man who's no longer young; il avait déjà un certain âge lorsqu'il a établi ce record he was already getting on in years when he set this record.

C certains, certaines adj indéf pl some; à certains moments sometimes, at times.

D certains, certaines pron indéf pl some people; certains d'entre eux some of them.

I

( féminin certaine) [sɛrtɛ̃, sɛrtɛn, devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet sɛrtɛn] déterminant (adjectif indéfini)

1. [exprimant l'indétermination]

à remettre à une certaine date to be handed in on a certain date

à un certain moment at one point

un certain nombre d'entre eux some of them

j'y ai cru un certain temps I believed it for a while

d'une certaine façon ou manière in a way

dans ou en un certain sens in a sense

2. [exprimant une quantité non négligeable]

il a fait preuve d'une certaine intelligence he has shown a certain amount of ou some intelligence

il faut un certain courage! you certainly need some pluck!

3. [devant un nom de personne]

les dialogues sont l'œuvre d'un certain... the dialogue is by someone called... ou by one...

il voit souvent un certain Robert (péjoratif) he sees a lot of some character called Robert

————————

certains ( pluriel féminin certaines) déterminant (adjectif indéfini pluriel)

[quelques] some, certain

certaines fois sometimes, on some occasions

certains jours sometimes, on some days

je connais certaines personnes qui n'auraient pas hésité I can think of some ou a few people who wouldn't have thought twice about it

————————

certains ( pluriel féminin certaines) pronom indéfini pluriel

[personnes] some (people)

[choses] some

[d'un groupe] some (of them)

certains d'entre vous semblent ne pas avoir compris some of you seem not to have understood

II

( féminin certaine) [sɛrtɛ̃, sɛrtɛn] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [sɛrtɛn]) adjectif

1. [incontestable - amélioration] definite ; [ - preuve] definite, positive ; [ - avantage, rapport] definite, clear ; [ - décision, invitation, prix] definite

avec un enthousiasme certain with real ou obvious enthusiasm

tenir quelque chose pour certain to have no doubt about something

le projet a beaucoup de retard — c'est certain, mais... the project is a long way behind schedule — that's certainly true but...

j'aurais préféré attendre, c'est certain I'd have preferred to wait, of course

une chose est certaine one thing's for certain ou sure

2. [inéluctable - échec, victoire] certain

on nous avait présenté son départ comme certain we'd been told he was certain to go

3. [persuadé]

être certain de: être certain de ce qu'on avance to be sure ou certain about what one is saying

il n'est pas très certain de sa décision he's not sure he's made the right decision

si tu pars battu, tu es certain de perdre! if you think you're going to lose, (then) you're bound ou sure ou certain to lose!

êtes-vous sûr que c'était lui? — j'en suis certain! are you sure it was him? — I'm positive!

ils céderont — n'en sois pas si certain they'll give in — don't be so sure

si j'étais certain qu'il vienne if I knew (for sure) ou if I was certain that he was coming

4. MATHÉMATIQUES & PHILOSOPHIE certain

certain nom masculin

BOURSE fixed ou direct rate of exchange

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > certain
54 part

part [paʀ]

feminine noun

   a. (dans un partage) share ; ( = portion) portion ; ( = tranche) slice

• sa part d'héritage his share of the inheritance

• chacun paie sa part everyone pays his share

• prendre une part de gâteau to take a piece or slice of cake

• faire huit parts dans un gâteau to cut a cake into eight slices

• la part du lion the lion's share

• la part du pauvre the crumbs

• part de marché market share

• faire la part belle à qn to give pride of place to sb

   b. ( = participation, partie) part

• part patronale employer's contribution

• part salariale employee's contribution

• prendre une part importante dans... to play an important part in...

   c. (locutions)

► à part ( = de côté) on one side ; ( = séparément) separately ; ( = excepté) apart from ; ( = exceptionnel) special

• prendre qn à part to take sb on one side

• à part cela apart from that

• un cas à part a special case

• c'est un homme à part he's in a class of his own► à part entière

• membre à part entière full member► autre part somewhere else

► d'autre part ( = de plus) moreover ; ( = par ailleurs) on the other hand

• d'une part... d'autre part on the one hand... on the other hand► de la part de (provenance) from ; ( = au nom de) on behalf of

• je viens de la part de Guy I've been sent by Guy

• cela m'étonne de sa part I'm surprised at that from him

• dites-lui bonjour de ma part give him my regards

• c'est gentil de sa part that's nice of him

• c'est de la part de qui ? (au téléphone) who's speaking?► de part en part right through

► de part et d'autre on both sides

► de toutes parts from all sides

► pour ma part for my part

• pour ma part je considère que... for my part, I consider that...► faire part de qch à qn to announce sth to sb

• il m'a fait part de son inquiétude he told me how worried he was► faire la part de qch

• faire la part du hasard to take chance into account

• faire la part des choses to make allowances► prendre part à [+ travail, débat] to take part in ; [+ manifestation] to join in

► prendre qch en mauvaise part to take offence at sth

* * *
paʀ
1.

nom féminin

1) ( portion) (de tarte, gâteau) slice, portion; (de viande, riz) helping, portion; (d'héritage, de marché) share

une part du gâteau — fig a slice ou share of the cake

avoir sa part de misères — to have one's (fair) share of misfortunes

2) ( élément d'un tout) proportion

une grande part de quelque chose — a high proportion ou large part of something

une part de chance — an element of chance

il y a une grande part de fiction dans son récit — his/her account is highly fictional

le hasard n'a aucune part là-dedans — chance has nothing to do with it

pour une bonne or grande part — to a large ou great extent

faire la part de quelque chose — to take something into account ou consideration

faire la part belle à quelqu'un — to give somebody the best deal

à part entière — [membre, citoyen] full (épith); [science, sujet] in its own right

participer aux discussions à part entière — to participate fully in the discussions

3) ( contribution) share

payer sa part — to pay one's share

prendre part à — to take part in

il m'a fait part de ses projets/son inquiétude — he told me about his plans/his concern

je vous ferai part de mes intentions — I'll let you know my intentions

faire part d'une naissance — to announce a birth

4) ( partie d'un lieu)

de toute(s) part(s) — [surgir, arriver] from all sides

de part et d'autre — on both sides, on either side

de part en part — [traverser, transpercer] right ou straight through

5) ( point de vue)

pour ma part — for my part

d'une part..., d'autre part... — ( marquant une énumération) firstly..., secondly...; ( marquant une opposition) on (the) one hand... on the other hand

d'autre part — ( de plus) moreover

prendre quelque chose en bonne/mauvaise part — to take something in good part/take something badly

2.

à part locution

1) ( séparément) [ranger, classer] separately

mettre quelque chose à part — to put something to one side

si on met à part cette partie de la population — leaving aside this section of the population

prendre quelqu'un à part — to take somebody aside ou to one side

2) ( séparé)

une salle à part — a separate room

faire chambre à part — to sleep in separate rooms

3) ( différent)

être un peu à part — [personne] to be out of the ordinary

un cas/lieu à part — a special case/place

4) ( excepté) apart from

à part ça, quoi de neuf? — (colloq) apart from that, what's new?

à part que — apart from the fact that

blague à part — joking aside

3.

de la part de locution prépositive

1) ( à la place de)

de la part de — [agir, écrire, téléphoner] on behalf of

2) ( venant de)

de la part de quelqu'un — from somebody

il y a un message de la part de ton père — there's a message from your father

donne-leur le bonjour de ma part — say hello to them for me

ce n'est pas très gentil de ta part — that's not very nice of you

sans engagement de votre part — with no obligation on your part

de leur part, rien ne m'étonne — nothing they do surprises me

c'est de la part de qui? — ( au téléphone) who's calling please?

••

faire la part du feu — to cut one's losses

faire la part des choses — to put things in perspective

* * *
paʀ
1. vb

See:

partir

2. nf

1) (= fraction, partie) part

Une part de frais est remboursable. — Part of the costs is refundable.

Il y a une part de vantardise dans ce qu'il dit. — There's an element of boasting in what he says.

pour une large part; pour une bonne part — to a great extent

une part de vérité — some truth

Tout mensonge comporte une part de vérité. — Every lie has some truth in it.

une part de responsabilité dans qch — some responsibility for sth

2) (= portion) [gâteau, fromage] piece, portion, (qui revient à qn) share

une part de gâteau — a piece of cake

sa part du gâteau fig — a slice of the cake

avoir sa part — to get one's share

Vous n'avez pas eu votre part. — You haven't had your share.

la part du lion — the lion's share

se tailler la part du lion — to take the lion's share

à part entière (citoyen, membre, partenaire) — full

des partenaires à part entière du système éducatif — full partners in the education system

des tribunaux à part entière — courts in their own right

un membre à part entière — a fully paid-up member

à parts égales; à part égale — equally

3) FINANCE share, non-voting share

4) (= côté)

de toute part; de toutes parts — from all sides, from all quarters

de part et d'autre — on both sides, on either side

d'une part... d'autre part — on the one hand... on the other hand

de part en part — right through

nulle part — nowhere

autre part — elsewhere

quelque part — somewhere

5)

à part [vivre] — separately, [mettre] aside, (employé comme préposition) apart from, except for

Ils sont tous venus, à part Christian. — They all came, except Christian., (employé comme adjectif) (sportif) exceptional, (catégorie) of its own

un statut à part — special status

revendiquer un statut à part — to claim special status

avoir un statut à part — to have special status

vivre dans un monde à part — to live in another world

6) (autres locutions)

prendre qch en bonne part — to take sth well

prendre qch en mauvaise part — to take sth badly

faire la part des choses — to make allowances

faire la part du feu fig — to cut one's losses

faire la part (trop) belle à qn [homme] — to give sb more than his share, [femme] to give sb more than her share

faire la part belle à qch — to place great emphasis on sth

prendre part à [débat] — to take part in, [soucis, douleur de qn] to share

Il va prendre part à la réunion. — He's going to take part in the meeting.

Nous prenons part à votre grande douleur. — We share your grief.

faire part de qch à qn — to announce sth to sb, to inform sb of sth

pour ma part — as for me, as far as I'm concerned

de la part de (= au nom de) — on behalf of, (= donné par) from

Je dois vous remercier de la part de mon frère. — I must thank you on behalf of my brother.

C'est un cadeau pour toi, de la part de Françoise. — It's a present for you, from Françoise.

c'est de la part de qui? (au téléphone) — who's calling please?, who's speaking please?

* * *

part

A nf

1 ( portion) (de tarte, gâteau) slice, portion; (de viande, riz) helping, portion; ( d'héritage) share; couper qch en six parts égales to cut sth into six equal portions; vouloir/mériter une part du gâteau fig to want/deserve a slice ou share of the cake; avoir sa part de misères/souffrances/soucis to have one's (fair) share of misfortunes/suffering/worries; la part du pauvre some food for the unexpected guest;

2 ( élément d'un tout) proportion, part; une part des bénéfices/du budget a proportion of the profits/of the budget; une part non négligeable de leur revenu a significant proportion of their income; une grande part de qch a high proportion ou large part of sth; une part de chance/jeu/sacrifice an element of chance/risk/sacrifice; il y a une grande part de fiction/de réel dans son récit his account is highly fictional/very much based on reality; le hasard n'a aucune part là-dedans chance has nothing to do with it; pour une part to some extent; pour une bonne or grande part to a large ou great extent; faire la part de qch to take sth into account ou consideration; faire la part des choses to put things in perspective; faire la part belle à qch to place ou put great emphasis on sth; faire la part belle à qn to give sb the best deal; à part entière [membre, citoyen] full ( épith); [science, sujet] in its own right; ils sont français à part entière they are full French nationals; c'est un art à part entière it's an art in its own right; participer aux travaux/discussions à part entière to participate fully in the work/discussions;

3 ( contribution) share; payer sa part to pay one's share; chacun paie sa part, c'est mieux everyone pays their share, it's better that way; faire sa part de travail/ménage to do one's share of the work/housework; prendre part à to take part in [activité, discussion, travail, conflit]; nous prenons part à votre douleur or peine we share your grief; il m'a fait part de ses projets/son inquiétude he told me about his plans/concern; je vous ferai part de mes intentions I'll let you know my intentions; Hélène et Roger Moulin sont heureux de vous faire part de la naissance de leur fille Zoé Hélène and Roger Moulin are pleased to announce the birth of their daughter Zoé;

4 ( partie d'un lieu) de toute(s) part(s) [surgir, arriver] from all sides; être attaqué de toutes parts to be attacked from all sides; de part et d'autre on both sides, on either side (de qch of sth); il y a une volonté de dialogue de part et d'autre there is a willingness to talk on both sides; de part en part [traverser, transpercer] right ou straight through; ⇒ autre C, nul E, quelque D;

5 ( point de vue) pour ma/ta/notre part for my/your/our part; il a pour sa part déclaré que… for his part he declared that…; d'une part…, d'autre part… ( marquant une énumération) firstly…, secondly…; ( marquant une opposition) on (the) one hand… on the other hand; d'autre part ( de plus) moreover; prendre qch en bonne/mauvaise part to take sth in good part/take sth badly;

6 Fin, Écon part (sociale or d'intérêt) share; avoir des parts dans une société to have shares in a company; une part de marché a market share; part de fondateur founder's share;

7 Fisc unit on which the calculation of personal tax is based;

8 Scol, Univ unit on which the calculation of student grants is based.

B à part loc

1 ( à l'écart) [ranger, classer] separately; mettre qch à part to put sth to one side; si on met à part cette partie de la population leaving aside this section of the population; préparez une sauce/des légumes à part prepare a sauce/some vegetables separately; prendre qn à part to take sb aside ou to one side;

2 ( séparé) une salle à part a separate room; faire lit/chambre à part to sleep in separate beds/rooms;

3 ( différent) être un peu à part [personne] to be out of the ordinary; un cas/lieu à part a special case/place; un personnage à part a unique character;

4 ( excepté) apart from; (mis) à part ça il est charmant apart from that he's charming; à part ça, quoi de neuf○? apart from that, what's new?; la semaine s'est bien passée à part un jour de pluie the week went well apart from one rainy day; à part que apart from the fact that; blague à part joking aside.

C de la part de loc prép

1 ( à la place de) [agir, écrire, téléphoner] de la part de on behalf of; je vous souhaite bonne chance de la part de toute l'équipe on behalf of the whole team I wish you good luck; je vous appelle de la part de M. Pichon I'm phoning on behalf of Mr Pichon;

2 ( venant de) de la part de qn from sb; il y a un message de la part de ton père there's a message from your father; j'ai un cadeau pour toi de la part de ma sœur I've got a present for you from my sister; donne-leur le bonjour de ma part say hello to them for me; ce n'est pas très gentil de ta part that wasn't very nice of you; sans engagement de votre part with no obligation on your part; de leur part, rien ne m'étonne nothing they do surprises me; c'est de la part de qui? ( au téléphone) who's calling ou speaking please?

Idiome

faire la part du feu to cut one's losses.

[par] nom féminin

1. [dans un partage - de nourriture] piece, portion ; [ - d'un butin, de profits, de travail etc] share

une part de gâteau a slice of cake

à chacun sa part share and share alike

elle a eu sa part de soucis she's had her share of worries

repose-toi, tu as fait ta part have a rest, you've done your bit

avoir part à to have a share in, to share (in)

avoir la part belle to get a good deal

faire la part belle à quelqu'un to give somebody a good deal

vouloir sa part de ou du gâteau to want one's share of the cake

se réserver ou se tailler la part du lion to keep ou to take the lion's share

2. DROIT [pour les impôts] basic unit used for calculating personal income tax

un couple avec un enfant a deux parts et demie a couple with a child has a tax allowance worth two and a half (UK) ou has two and a half tax exemptions (US)

3. ÉCONOMIE & FINANCE

part de marché market share

part sociale/d'intérêts unquoted/partner's share

4. [fraction] part, portion

en grande part for the most part, largely, to a large extent

les sociétés, pour la plus grande part, sont privatisées firms, for the most part, are privatized

il y a une grande part de peur dans son échec her failure is due to a large extent to fear, fear goes a long way towards explaining her failure

5. [participation]

prendre part à

a. [discussion, compétition, manifestation] to take part in

b. [cérémonie, projet] to join in, to play a part in

c. [attentat] to take part in, to play a part in

prendre part à la joie/peine de quelqu'un to share (in) somebody's joy/sorrow

il faut faire la part du hasard/de la malchance you have to recognize the part played by chance/ill-luck, you have to make allowances for chance/ill-luck

faire la part des choses to take things into consideration

faire la part du feu to cut one's losses

6. THÉÂTRE [aparté] (artist's) cut

7. (locution)

de la part de [au nom de]: je viens de la part de Paula Paula sent me

donne-le lui de ma part give it to her from me

dis-lui au revoir/merci de ma part say goodbye/thank you for me

je vous appelle de la part de Jacques I'm calling on behalf of Jacques

de la part de [provenant de]: de ta part, cela me surprend beaucoup I'm surprised at you

je ne m'attendais pas à une telle audace/mesquinerie de sa part I didn't expect such boldness/meanness from him

c'est très généreux de ta part that's very generous of you

cela demande un certain effort de votre part it requires a certain amount of effort on your part

c'est de la part de qui? [au téléphone, à un visiteur] who (shall I say) is calling?

pour ma/sa part (as) for me/him

faire part de quelque chose à quelqu'un to announce something to somebody, to inform somebody of something

prendre quelque chose en bonne part to take something in good part

prendre quelque chose en mauvaise part to take offence at something, to take something amiss

ne le prenez pas en mauvaise part, mais... don't be offended, but..

————————

à part locution adjectivale

1. [séparé - comptes, logement] separate

2. [original, marginal] odd

ce sont des gens à part these people are rather special

————————

à part locution adverbiale

1. [à l'écart]

elle est restée à part toute la soirée she kept herself to herself all evening

mets les dossiers bleus à part put the blue files to one side

mis à part deux ou trois détails, tout est prêt except for ou apart from two or three details, everything is ready

2. [en aparté]

prendre quelqu'un à part to take somebody aside ou to one side

3. [séparément] separately

————————

à part locution prépositionnelle

1. [excepté] except for, apart ou aside from

à part cela apart from that, that aside

2. (soutenu)

elle se disait à part soi que... she said to herself that...

à part entière locution adjectivale

un membre à part entière de a full ou fully paid up member of

citoyen à part entière person with full citizenship (status)

elle est devenue une actrice à part entière she's now a proper ou a fully-fledged actress

————————

à part que locution conjonctive

(familier)

except that, if it weren't ou except for the fact that

c'est une jolie maison, à part qu'elle est un peu humide it's a nice house, except that it's a bit damp

de part en part locution adverbiale

from end to end, throughout, right through

la poutre est fendue de part en part the beam is split from end to end

de part et d'autre locution adverbiale

1. [des deux côtés] on both sides, on either side

2. [partout] on all sides

de part et d'autre de locution prépositionnelle

on both sides of

————————

de toute(s) part(s) locution adverbiale

(from) everywhere, from all sides ou quarters

ils accouraient de toutes parts vers le village they were rushing towards the village from all directions

————————

d'une part... d'autre part locution correlative

on the one hand... on the other hand

————————

pour une large part locution adverbiale

to a great extent

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > part
55 vérité

vérité [veʀite]

feminine noun

   a. la vérité ( = connaissance du vrai) truth ; ( = conformité aux faits) the truth

• c'est l'entière vérité it's the whole truth

• dire la vérité to tell the truth

• la vérité dépasse souvent la fiction truth is often stranger than fiction

• la vérité, c'est que je n'en sais rien the truth of the matter is that I know nothing about it

• l'heure de vérité the moment of truth

• la minute de vérité the moment of truth

► en vérité ( = en fait) in fact

   b. ( = fait vrai, évidence) truth

• vérités éternelles/premières eternal/first truths

   c. ( = sincérité, authenticité) sincerity

• un accent de vérité a note of sincerity

* * *
veʀite
nom féminin

1) gén truth

posséder or détenir la vérité — to know everything

le quart d'heure or la minute de vérité — the moment of truth

l'épreuve de vérité — the acid test

faire la vérité sur quelque chose — to disclose the truth about something

à la vérité — to tell the truth

2) ( affirmation vraie) truth

énoncer des vérités premières — to state the obvious

toute vérité n'est pas bonne à dire — some things are better left unsaid

3) ( authenticité) (de personnage, scène, reconstitution) realism; (de sentiment, d'expression) sincerity

4) ( nature profonde) true nature

••

à chacun sa vérité — Proverbe each to his own

la vérité sort de la bouche des enfants — Proverbe out of the mouths of (very) babes (and sucklings)

* * *
veʀite nf
1) [faits, description] truth

dire la vérité — to tell the truth

en vérité; à la vérité,... — to tell the truth,...

jurer de dire la vérité, toute la vérité et rien que la vérité — to swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth

2) (= sincérité) truthfulness, sincerity

3) (autres locutions)

dire ses quatre vérités à qn — to tell sb a few home truths

* * *

vérité nf

1 gén truth; au nom de la vérité in the name of truth; la vérité historique historical truth; posséder or détenir la vérité to know everything; le quart d'heure or la minute de vérité the moment of truth; l'épreuve de vérité the acid test; faire la vérité sur qch to disclose the truth about sth; il y a une part de vérité dans ce qu'il dit there's some truth in what he says; c'est la pure vérité that's the absolute truth; à la vérité to tell the truth; en vérité, je n'en suis pas sûr to tell the truth, I'm not sure about it; c'est un type extraordinaire, en vérité he's an extraordinary character, that's for sure;

2 ( affirmation vraie) truth; une vérité éternelle an eternal truth; énoncer des vérités premières to state the obvious; toute vérité n'est pas bonne à dire some things are better left unsaid; ⇒ quatre;

3 ( authenticité) (de personnage, scène, reconstitution) realism; (de sentiment, d'expression) sincerity;

4 ( nature profonde) true nature; la vérité de qn sb's true nature; la vérité des choses/de l'art the true nature of things/of art.

Composé

vérité de La Palice truism.

Idiomes

à chacun sa vérité Prov each to his own; en vérité je vous le dis verily I say unto you; la vérité sort de la bouche des enfants Prov out of the mouths of (very) babes (and sucklings).

[verite] nom féminin

1. [ce qui est réel ou exprimé comme réel]

la vérité the truth

c'est la vérité vraie! (familier) it's true, honest it is

s'écarter de la vérité historique to take liberties with history

je sais que c'est la vérité I know it for a fact

la vérité, c'est que ça m'est égal actually ou the truth is ou in fact I don't care

je finirai bien par savoir la vérité I'll get at the truth eventually

dis-moi la vérité tell me the truth

être loin de la vérité to be wide of the mark

12 millions? vous n'êtes pas loin de la vérité 12 million? you're not far from the truth

la vérité toute nue the plain ou naked truth

la vérité n'est pas toujours bonne à dire, toute vérité n'est pas bonne à dire the truth is sometimes better left unsaid

il n'y a que la vérité qui blesse nothing hurts like the truth

la vérité sort de la bouche des enfants (proverbe) out of the mouths of babes and sucklings (comes forth the truth) (proverbe)

vérité en-deçà des Pyrénées, erreur au-delà Pascal (allusion) what is considered true in one country may be thought of as false in the next

2. [chose vraie]

une vérité a true fact

3. [principe] truth

une vérité première a basic truth

les vérités éternelles undying truths, eternal verities (littéraire)

4. [ressemblance]

ses tableaux sont d'une grande vérité his paintings are very true to life

5. [sincérité] truthfulness, candidness

son récit avait un accent de vérité her story rang true

————————

à la vérité locution adverbiale,

en vérité locution adverbiale

to tell the truth

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > vérité
56 componente

"component;

Bestandteil;

componente"

* * *

1. m component

2. m f ( persona) member

* * *

componente agg. component, making up (pred.): i paesi componenti la Comunità Europea, the member states of the European Community

◆ s.m.

1 ( persona) member: i componenti della famiglia, dell'equipaggio, the members of the family, of the crew; componente del consiglio d'amministrazione, member of the board of directors

2 (tecn.) component: componenti per auto, car components; componente elettronico, electronic component // (mat., fis.) componente di un vettore, component of a vector

3 ( sostanza di un composto) component, ingredient, part: la farina è un componente essenziale della pasta, flour is a essential ingredient for making pasta

◆ s.f. element, component: quali sono le componenti del romanticismo?, what are the basic elements of Romanticism? // (econ.): componente di costo di capitale, capital cost component; componente di reddito, nominal element.

* * *
[kompo'nɛnte]
1. agg

component

2. sm/f

(persona) member

3. sm

Elettr component, part, Chim component

4. sf

(fig : elemento) element

c'era in lui una componente di sadismo — there was an element of sadism in his character

* * *
[kompo'nɛnte] 1.
aggettivo component, constituent
2.
sostantivo maschile e sostantivo femminile

1) (membro) member

2) (in un composto) component, constituent

3) tecn. (elemento) component part, section; el. element; (di una macchina) unit
3.
sostantivo femminile (fattore) element, factor

una componente di rischio, pericolo — an element of risk, danger

* * *

componente

/kompo'nεnte/

I aggettivo

component, constituent

II m. e f.

1 (membro) member

2 (in un composto) component, constituent

3 tecn. (elemento) component part, section; el. element; (di una macchina) unit

III sostantivo femminile

(fattore) element, factor; una componente di rischio, pericolo an element of risk, danger.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > componente
57 есть признаки того, что

•
Indications are that actinium is more basic in character.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть признаки того, что
58 funtsezko

il.

1. ( p.) solid, steadfast, reliable, of good character

2. ( oinarrizkoa) basic, fundamental; \funtsezko birtuteak cardinal virtues

3. ( ga-rrantzi handikoa) considerable, momentous, significant

4. Fil. fundamental

5. Fis. \funtsezko egoera ground state

Euskara Ingelesa hiztegiaren > funtsezko
59 договор

1) (между государствами) treaty, pact, convention; accord амер.

аннулировать договор — to abrogate / to cancel / to rescind / to repudiate a treaty

аннулировать договор вследствие его нарушения — to cancel a treaty on the ground of its violation

быть закреплённым в договоре — to be confirmed by a treaty

быть связанным договором — to be bound by a treaty

ввести договор в действие — to put a treaty into force

внести изменения в договор — to modify a treaty

внести поправки в договор — to amend a treaty

возобновить договор — to renew a treaty

восстановить договор — to reintegrate a treaty

вступить в переговоры с целью адаптации договора к новым условиям — to negotiate the adaptation of a treaty to new conditions

выйти из договора — to withdraw from a treaty

выполнять договор — to implement / to observe / to abide by a treaty

выполнять договор во всех его частях — to execute the treaty in all its parts

добросовестно выполнять договор — to perform a treaty in good faith

выработать договор — to work out a treaty

вытекать из договора — to be pursuant to treaty

действовать в обход договора — to skirt a treaty

денонсировать договор — to denounce a treaty

депонировать договор — to withdraw from a treaty

добиться принятия договора — to get the treaty approved

завершить / закончить работу по составлению договора — to complete / to consummate a treaty

заключить договор — to conclude / to effect / to make / to enter into / to sign a treaty

предложить заключить договор — to initiate a treaty

заключать договор в результате переговоров — to negotiate a treaty

заключить договор на ограниченный период времени — to conclude a treaty for a limited period of time

зарегистрировать / регистрировать договор — to register a treaty

зарегистрировать договор в Секретариате Организации Объединённых Наций — to register the treaty with the Secretariat of the United Nations

изменить договор — to alter a treaty

навязать кабальный / неравноправный договор — to impose an enslaving / inequal treaty (on, upon)

нарушить договор — to transgress / to violate a treaty; to break / to infringe a contract

опубликовать договор — to publish a treaty

отклонить договор — to reject a treaty

оформить договор надлежащим образом — to perfect a treaty

парафировать договор — to unitial a treaty

пересмотреть договор — to renegotiate a treaty

подпадать под действие договора — to be covered by a treaty

подписать договор — to sign a treaty

представить договор для одобрения / утверждения — to submit a treaty for approval

претворять договор в жизнь — to implement a treaty

придавать обязывающую силу договору, сделать договор обязывающим — to impart the binding force to a treaty, to make a treaty binding

придерживаться договора — to adhere to a treaty

признать договор недействительным — to declare a treaty invalid / null / void

принимать участие в договоре — to participate in a treaty

приостановить действие договора в целом — to suspend the operation of the treaty in whole

приостановить действие договора в части — to suspend the operation of the treaty in part

присоединиться к договору (уже вступившему в силу) — to accede to / to join / to adhere to a treaty, to become a party to a treaty

пролонгировать договор, продлить действие договора — to prolong a treaty

расторгнуть договор — to dissolve a treaty

ратифицировать договор — to confirm / to ratify a treaty

сделать договор частью законодательства — to embody a treaty in law

соблюдать договор — to observe a treaty

ссылаться на договор — to invoke a treaty

толковать договор — to interpret a treaty

требовать выполнения договора — to claim performance of the treaty

уклоняться от выполнения договора — to scuttle the treaty

унаследовать на законном основании договор — to succeed legally to a treaty

утвердить договор — to approve a treaty

явствовать из договора — to appear from a treaty

действие договора может быть приостановлено — the operation of the treaty may be suspended

действие договора приостановлено — the treaty is suspended in operation

действие договора прекращено — the treaty is terminated in operation

договор аутентичен на двух языках — treaty authenticated in two languages

договор будет автоматически продлён — the agreement will be tacitly extended

договор действителен — the treaty is valid

договор не имеет обратной силы — the treaty is not retroactive

договор не может быть ратифицирован лишь в какой-л. части — the treaty cannot be ratified in part

договоры несовместимы друг с другом — the treaties are inconsistent with each other; договор остаётся в действии / в силе the treaty continues in operation

договор предусматривает, что... — the treaty stipulates that..

договоры прекращают своё действие в таких случаях — treaties lapse on such occasions

договор составлен в общих чертах — the treaty is in outline

договор, срок которого истёк — the treaty which has expired

договор становится недействительным — the treaty becomes void

договор является несуществующим — the treaty falls to the ground

если в договоре не предусматривается иное — unless the treaty otherwise provides

исполнение договора становится невозможным — the treaty becomes incapable of execution

некоторые договоры переходят к государству-преемнику — some treaties devolve upon the successor

бессрочный договор — treaty for an indefinite term, permanent / undated treaty

более ранний договор (препятствующий заключению нового договора) — precontract

взаимный договор — mutual treaty

военный договор — military agreement / treaty

временный договор — time-expiring treaty

гарантийный договор — contract of indemnity, guarantee treaty, treaty of guarantee

государственный договор — state treaty

двусторонний договор — bilateral treaty

действующий договор — treaty in force

дополнительный договор — supplementary treaty

дружественный договор между отдельными лицами / партиями / правительствами — concordat

закрытый договор — restricted treaty

исторический договор — history-making agreement

коллективный договор — collective agreement

конкретный договор — individual treaty

консенсуальный договор (основан на устном соглашении сторон) юр. — consensual contract

локальный / локализованный договор — localized treaty

Маастрихтский Договор — Treaty of Maastricht

международный договор — international treaty

признанный международный договор — recognized international treaty

мирный договор — peace treaty, treaty of peace

по мирному договору — under the peace treaty

сепаратный мирный договор — separate peace treaty

многосторонний договор — multilateral treaty

многосторонний договор о контроле над вооружением и разоружении — multilateral treaty on arms control and disarmament

многосторонний сбалансированный и полностью контролируемый договор — multilateral balanced and fully verified treaty

навязанный договор — dictate

недействительный договор — void treaty

незарегистрированный договор — nonregistered treaty

неравноправный договор — inequitable / unequal treaty

общий договор — general treaty

обычный договор — ordinary treaty

обязывающий договор — binding treaty

односторонний договор — unilateral treaty

основополагающий договор — basic treaty

открытый договор, договор, открытый для подписания — open treaty

официальный договор — formal treaty

параллельный договор — associate contract

первоначальный договор — original treaty

письменный договор — written contract

пограничный договор — boundary treaty

политический договор — political agreement

последовательно заключённые договоры — successive treaties

последующий (из двух) договоров — later treaty

правообразующий договор — lawmaking treaty

прелиминарный договор — preliminary treaty

предусмотренный договором — covered by agreement

равноправный договор — equitable / nondiscriminatory treaty

ранее существовавший договор — former / pre-existing treaty

региональный договор — regional treaty

секретный / тайный договор — secret covenant / treaty

сепаратный договор — separate treaty

соответствующий договор — relevant treaty

союзный договор — treaty of alliance / union

территориальный договор — territorial treaty

торговый договор — trade / commercial treaty

торговый договор на основе взаимности — reciprocal trade treaty

трёхсторонний договор — triangular / trilateral / tripartite treaty

универсальный договор — universal treaty

устаревший договор — out-of-date treaty

устный договор — parol / oral treaty

четырёхсторонний договор — quadripartite treaty

аннулирование договора — abrogation / cancellation of a treaty

буква и дух договора — letter and spirit of the treaty

в соответствии с буквой и духом договора — in accordance / on compliance with the letter and spirit of the treaty

вариант договора — version of the treaty

верность договору — adherence to a treaty

вступление договора в силу — entry into force of a treaty, coming of a treaty into force

выполнение договора — execution / fulfilment / implementation of a treaty

добросовестное выполнение договора — fulfilment / implementation of a treaty in good faith

гарантировать выполнение договора — to assure compliance with the treaty

контролировать выполнение договора — to monitor the treaty

обеспечить полное выполнение всех положений и пониманий договора — to achieve the full implementation of all the provisions and understandings of the treaty

проверять выполнение договора — to check up on one's compliance with the treaty, to review the operation of the treaty

наблюдение за выполнением договора — supervision of compliance with a treaty

проверка выполнения договора — verification / review of a treaty

средства, обеспечивающие выполнение договора — means to secure the performance of a treaty

выход из договора — pull-out / withdrawal from a treaty

основание для выхода из договора — ground for withdrawing from a treaty

выход из договора / отказ от договора с уведомлением — withdrawal from a treaty with notice

государство-участник договора — state-party to a treaty

действие договора — effect / operation of a treaty

действие договоров в отношении третьих государств — effect of treaties upon third states

прекратить действие договора — to terminate (the operation of) a treaty, to bring a treaty to an end

приостановить действие договора — to suspend a treaty

возобновление действия договора — resumption of the operation of a treaty

прекращение действия договора — termination of a treaty

основание для прекращения действия договора — ground for terminating a treaty

прекращение действия договора с согласия участников — termination of a treaty by consent of the parties

прекращение действия договора (вследствие истечения его срока или в результате возникновения определённого оговорённого условия) — expiration of a treaty

приостановление действия договора — suspension of a treaty

срок действия договора — duration of a treaty

продлить срок действия договора — to prolong the time of operation of a treaty, to extend a treaty

территориальная сфера действия договора — territorial scope of a treaty

действительность договора — validity of a treaty

основание для оспаривания действительности договора — ground for impeaching the validity of a treaty

денонсация / денонсирование договора — denunciation of a treaty

депозитарии договоров — depositaries of treaties

договоры государств-участников, заключённые до создания сообщества с третьими странами — pre-community treaties of member-states with third countries

договор за печатью — speciality

договоры, заключённые до получения независимости — pre-independence treaties

договор, заключённый страной пребывания — treaty concluded by the country of residence

договор, запрещающий все испытания ядерного оружия — treaty banning all nuclear weapon tests

договор как источник международного права — treaty as a source of international law

договор, который не предусматривает денонсации или отказа — the treaty which does not provide for denunciation or withdrawal

договор на основе взаимности — reciprocal treaty

договор, не имеющий законной силы — invalid treaty

договор, не направленный против третьей стороны — nondiscriminatory treaty

договор, не требующий особых законодательных мероприятий — self-executing treaty

договор нормативного характера — treaty of lawmaking character

договор безопасности — security treaty / pact

"Д. о взаимном неприменении силы и поддержании отношений мира между государствами" — "Treaty on Mutual Non-Use of Force and Maintenance of Peaceful Relations among States"

договор о взаимопомощи — treaty of mutual assistance, mutual assistance pact

договор о всеобъемлющем запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия — comprehensive test ban treaty (CTB treaty)

договор о выдаче преступника — extradition treaty, treaty of extradition

договор о гарантиях — guarantee treaty, treaty of guarantee

договор о демаркации границ — demarcation treaty

договор о дружбе, добрососедстве и сотрудничестве — treaty of friendship, neigh-bourliness and cooperation

договор о дружбе, сотрудничестве и взаимопомощи — treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance

"Д. о запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия в атмосфере, в космическом пространстве и под водой" — "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water"

договор о запрещении подземных испытаний ядерного оружия — treaty banning underground nuclear-weapon tests

договор о зоне, свободной от ядерного оружия — nuclear-weapon-free-zone treaty

договор о конфедерации — treaty of confederation

договор о мире — treaty of peace

договор о мире, дружбе и сотрудничестве — treaty of peace, friendship and cooperation

договор о налогообложении — tax treaty

договор о нейтралитете — treaty of neutrality, neutrality treaty

договор о нейтралитете и взаимном ненападении — treaty of neutrality and nonaggression

договор о ненападении — nonaggression pact / treaty

Договор о нераспространении ядерного оружия — Nuclear-Proliferation Treaty

Договор о подземных ядерных взрывах в мирных целях — Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty

договор о присоединении — treaty of accession

договор о протекторате — treaty of protectorate

договор о союзе — treaty of alliance

договор о торговле и судоходстве / мореплавании — treaty of / on commerce and navigation

договор об арбитраже — treaty of arbitration

Договор об обычных вооружённых силах в Европе — Agreement on Conventional Forces in Europe, CFE

Договор об ограничении подземных испытаний ядерного оружия — Threshold Test Ban Treaty

Договор об ограничении стратегических вооружений / ОСВ — Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, SALT

договор об установлении границ — boundary treaty

договор, открытый для присоединения третьих государств — treaty opened to accession of third states

договор по противоракетной обороне, ПРО — Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM treaty)

не выходить из договора по ПРО в течение согласованного времени — not to withdraw from the ABM treaty for a specified period of time

сохранение договора по ПРО — preservation of ABM treaty

Договор по ракетам средней и меньшей дальности, РСМД — Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles

договор, подлежащий выполнению в будущем — executory treaty

договор, предусматривающий аналогичные / равные / одинаковые привилегии — treaty providing for reciprocal privileges

договор, принятый в рамках международной организации — treaty adopted within an international organization

договор с внесённой / внесёнными в него поправкой / поправками — treaty as amended

договор с надлежащей проверкой его выполнения — adequately verified treaty

договоры, устанавливающие свободу судоходства на международных водных путях или реках — treaties according freedom of navigation in international waterways or rivers

договор, устаревший в силу тех или иных событий — treaty outmoded by events

заключение договора — conclusion / formation of a treaty, treaty-making

приветствовать заключение договора — to welcome a treaty

ведение переговоров о заключении договора — negotiation of a treaty

процесс заключения договора — treaty process

изменение договора — alteration of a treaty

исполнение договора — execution of a treaty / contract

истечение срока действия договора — expiration of a treaty

обеспечение исполнения договора — enforcement of a treaty

нарушение договора — breach / infringement / violation of a treaty

грубое нарушение договора — gross / flagrant violation of a treaty

невыход из договора — nonwithdrawal from a treaty

недействительность договора — invalidity of a treaty

неотъемлемая часть договора — integral part of a treaty

непосредственные участники договора — principals to the contract

нерушимость договора — permanence of a treaty

несоблюдение договора — noncompliance with / nonobservance of a treaty

объект договора — object of a treaty

прекращение существования объекта договора — extinction of the object of a treaty

объект и цели договора — object and purpose of a treaty

быть несовместимым с объектом / целями договора — to be incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty

обязательная сила / обязательность договоров — binding / obligatory force / obligation of treaties

одобрение договора парламентом — parliamentary approval of the treaty

основание для признания договора — ground for invalidating a treaty

отказ от договора — repudiation / renunciation of a treaty

односторонний отказ от договора — unilateral renunciation of a treaty

парафирование договора — initialling of a treaty

пересмотр договора — revision of a treaty

подлинник договора — original of the treaty

подписание договора — signing of a treaty

полный свод договоров, заключённых страной пребывания — complete set of treaties concluded by the country of residence

положение договора — provisions of a treaty

отступить от положения договора — to derogate from the provisions of a treaty

поправка к договору — amendment to a treaty, amending clause

порядок / система размещения материала в договоре — arrangement of a treaty

преамбула договора — preamble to a treaty

применение договора — application of a treaty

временное применение договора — provisional application of a treaty

фактическое применение договора — actual application of a treaty

экстерриториальное применение договоров — extra territorial application of treaties

присоединение к договору — accession to a treaty

формальное присоединение к существующему договору — formal entrance into an existing treaty

продление / пролонгация договора — clause of a treaty

проект договора — draft treaty

спорные пункты договора — controversial provisions of a treaty, contentious clauses in a treaty

разработка договора — framing of a treaty

расторжение договора — dissolution of a treaty

ратификация договора — ratification of a treaty

задерживать ратификацию договора — to block the ratification of a treaty

регистрация договора — registration of a treaty

сила договора — force of a treaty

обязательная сила договора — obligation of a treaty

в силу договора — by virtue of the treaty

соблюденне договора — observance of a treaty

уклониться от соблюдения договора — to elude a treaty

содержание договора — subject-matter of a treaty

стороны, подписавшие договор — parties to a treaty

сторона, связанная договором — party bound by a treaty

текст договора — text of a treaty

разработать текст договора — to draft / to frame the text of a treaty

хранить подлинный текст договора — to keep custody of the original text

расположение / структура текста договора — arrangement of the text of a treaty

согласованные части текста проекта договора — agreed portions of the draft treaty

трактовка договора — interpretation of a treaty

условия договора — stipulations / terms of a treaty

по условиям договора — under the terms and conditions of the agreement

контролировать выполнение условий договора — to supervise the observance of the treaty provisions / terms

подтвердить условия договора — to confirm the terms of a treaty

утверждение договора — approval of a treaty

формулировка договора — wording of a treaty

в соответствии с договором — to be pursuant to a treaty

по договору — under the treaty

со всеми вытекающими из договора правилами и обязанностями — with all the rights and duties arising from the treaty

2) (соглашение, контракт) agreement, contract, concord

утвердить коллективный договор (между администрацией и трудовым коллективом) — to confirm a collective agreement

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > договор
60 документ

юр.

deed, act, instrument, document; (об отказе) waiver

выдать документ — to issue a document

вырабатывать / составлять документ — to draft / to draw up / to work out a document

делать действительным документ юридического характера — to validate a document of legal character

заверять документ — to authenticate a document

заменить один документ другим — to substitute one document for another

заставить подписать документ — to coerce to sign a document

изучить / рассмотреть документ — to inspect / to examine to consider / to study a document

изымать из документа секретные сведения (перед публикацшй и т.п.) — to decontaminate (a document)

исправлять документ — to revise a document

конфисковать документы — to seize documents

легализовать документы — to legalize documents

обрабатывать документы — to handle documents

парафировать документ — to initial a document

передать / препроводить все необходимые документы — to transmit all the necessary documents

подбирать документы — to select documents

подвергнуть документ изучению — to scrutinize a document

подготовить документ — to prepare a document

подписать документ — to sign a document

представлять документ — to present a document

предъявлять документы — to produce / to show one's papers / documents

препровождать документы — to forward documents

приобщить документ к делу — to file a document

распространить документ — to circulate a document

снабдить документ номером или шифром (для ссылки) — to give a reference number to a document

снабдить суда особыми документами — to furnish vessels with some official voucher

снять копию с документа — to make / to take a copy of a document

стать соавтором документа — to co-sponsor a document

уничтожить документ — to destroy a document

документы должны быть представлены делегатам — documents must be available to the delegates

под документом поставлены подписи — signatures have been affixed to the document

смысл всего документа определяется / обусловлен вступительной частью — the sense of the whole document is governed by the introductory clause

архивные документы — archival documents

государственные документы — state papers

директивный документ — executive directives

подготовка директивных документов — preparation of guidelines / executive directives

заверенный (печатью) документ — authenticated, document

засекреченный документ — classified / secret document

итоговый документ — final / concluding document

документ завизирован, на документе стоит виза — the document has been vised / visa'd

выработать итоговые документы конференции — to draw up the final / concluding documents of the conference

компилятивный документ — patchwork document

международный документ — international document

ратифицировать международные документы — to ratify international documents

незасекреченные документы — nonclas-sified documents

обвинительный документ — accusatory document

оправдательный документ — validating voucher

ориентирующий документ — orientation document

основной / основополагающий документ — fundamental document

официальный документ — official document

официальные проездные документы — official travel documents

партийные документы — party documents

первичный документ — basic / source document

подлинный документ — original document

подложный / фальшивый документ — counterfeit document

изготовлять фальшивые документы — to fabricate papers

правовой документ — legal document

программный документ — programmatic document

приложенные документы — appended documents

рабочий документ — working document / paper

рабочий документ заседания — conference room paper

руководящий документ — guidance document

секретный / засекреченный документ — secret / classified document

сверхсекретный документ — top-secret document

служебный документ — inhouse / internal / service document

совместный документ — joint document

принять совместный документ — to adopt a joint document

сфабрикованные документы — fabricated papers

учредительный документ — constituent document

фальшивый документ — forged / phony document

частный документ — private document

эмиграционные документы — emigration papers

выдача документов — documentation

документ без подписи — unsigned document

документ большого политического значения — document of great political importance / significance

документ об освобождении от обязательств юр. — release

документ об отречении от престола — abdication

документ о назначении — document of appointment

документ о натурализации (о принятии гражданства США) — citizenship papers

документы о присоединении — instruments of accession

документ, удостоверяющий (что-л.) — document certifying (smth.)

документы, удостоверяющие личность — identity papers / document

заверенная копия документа — exemplification

законность документа — validity of a document

оспаривать законность документа — to dispute the validity of a document

исправление документа — revision of a document

классификация документов — classification of documents

номер или шифр документа (для ссылки) — reference number

обмен документами — reciprocation

обобщение документа — conclusion

оперативная часть документа — substantive provisions, operative part of a document

оригинал документа — original of the document

подлинность документа — authenticity of a document

подписание документа — signing of a document

предоставление (суду) документов — discovery

раздача / распространение документов — distribution of documents

редакция документа — language of a document

текст документа на испанском языке — Spanish version of a document

формулирование документа — phrasing of a document

формулировка документа — formulation of a document

условные обозначения документов (ООН) — symbols of the documents

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > документ

Страницы

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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basic+character

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

basic+character

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