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41 Á

shall

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a negative suffix to verbs, not;

era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.

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1.

á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]

With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.

WITH DAT.

A. Loc.

I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.

II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.

2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).

3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.

4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.

III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).

B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:

I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.

II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.

III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.

IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.

C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:

I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.

2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.

3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.

II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.

III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.

IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’

2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.

V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.

VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.

VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.

VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.

WITH ACC.

A. Loc.

I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.

2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.

3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.

II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:

1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.

2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.

III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.

IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.

V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.

VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.

VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.

B. TEMP.

I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.

II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.

III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.

IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.

V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.

VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.

VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.

C. Metaph. and in various relations:

I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.

β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.

II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:

1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.

2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.

3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.

β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.

III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.

IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:

1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.

2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.

3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.

V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.

VI. connected with nouns,

1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.

2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.

3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.

VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.

2.

f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.

COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á
42 помогать

гл.

1. to help; 2. to be of some help; 3. to support; 4. to give support; 5. to back; 6. to prop; 7. to lean on smb; 8. to give smb a hand/a shoulder; 9. to be a pillar of smth

Само понятие помощи, поддержки, оказываемой или получаемой разными способами и средствами, может быть связано с образом разного рода опоры, поддержки, как физической, так и нравственной, что проявляется в метафорическом употреблении отдельных глаголов и существительных, как слов, так и словосочетаний.

1. to help — помогать, оказывать помощь ( наиболее нейтральное и общеупотребительное слово группы): to help smb with money — помогать кому-либо деньгами; to help smb by giving advice — помогать кому-либо советом; to help smb with his translation — помогать кому-либо с переводом/помочь кому-либо перенести May I help you with your coat? — Позвольте мне помочь Вам надеть пальто. Can you help me with my luggage? — He поможете ли вы мне с вещами?

2. to be of some help — помогать, быть полезным: to be of help — быть полезным/помогать Can I be of any help? — Могу я чем-нибудь помочь?

3. to support — помогать, оказывать помощь (чем-либо). оказывать поддержку (деньгами, словом, морально, физически): to support whole-heartedly — поддержать всем сердцем; to support unanimously оказать единодушную поддержку; to support smb's views (ideas, arguments) поддерживать чьи-либо взгляды (идеи, мнения); to support smb with one's argument — выдвинуть аргумент в поддержку кого-либо/привести доводы в пользу кого-либо

4. to give support — помогать, оказывать помощь ( чем-либо), оказывать поддержку (деньгами, словом, морально, физически): to give a whole-hearted support — поддержать всем сердцем; to get a unanimous support — оказать единодушную поддержку; to gain widespread support — завоевать повсеместную поддержку/получить повсеместную поддержку

5. to back — поддержать, ( часто в Passive) быть поддержанным, получить поддержку (в отличие от support стилистически более разговорное): Both parties are backing these proposals. — Обе партии поддерживают эти предложения./Обе стороны поддерживают эти предложения./Обе партии выступают в поддержку этих предложений./Обе стороны выступают в поддержку этих предложений. I'll back you on this. — Я вас в этом поддержу.

6. to prop — (разг.) поддерживать, оказывать поддержку: The government stepped in to prop the fishing industry. — Правительство выступило в поддержку рыбной промышленности.

7. to lean on smb — опереться на кого-либо, получить чью-либо поддержку: You can always lean on me. — Вы можете всегда на меня положиться./ Я вам всегда помогу./Я вас всегда поддержу.

8. to give smb a hand/a shoulder — быть опорой чего-либо, помогать в чем-либо: pillars of the society — столпы общества/опора общества She is a pillar of the community. — Она опора в нашей общине./На нее всегда можно положиться. помогать в чем-либо — to be a pillar of smth — см. помогать понижать — to sink — см. топить

Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > помогать
43 трансляция

assembly вчт., compilation, relay, relaying, transfer, ( программы) translation

* * *
трансля́ция ж.
1. радио тлв. broadcast(ing)

2. телегр. repeater

3. вчт. compilation

зака́нчивать трансля́цию — compilation

отменя́ть трансля́цию — reset compilation

прекраща́ть трансля́цию — terminate compilation

4. ( проводная от радиоузла) wired-radio relay service

5. ( параллельный перенос) физ. translation

двусторо́нняя трансля́ция — two-way repeater

ду́плексная трансля́ция — duplex repeater

оконе́чная трансля́ция — terminal repeater

полуду́плексная трансля́ция — half-duplex repeater

проста́я трансля́ция — non-regenerative repeater

регенерати́вная трансля́ция — regenerator

си́мплексная трансля́ция — single-line back-and-forth repeater

* * *

repeater

Русско-английский политехнический словарь > трансляция
44 richtig

I Adj.

1. right; (fehlerfrei) auch correct; (wahr) true; die richtige Antwort the right answer; richtige Aussprache / Übersetzung correct pronunciation / translation; es war richtig von dir, dass du... you did right ( oder it was right of you) to...; das finde ich nicht richtig I don’t think it’s right; das ist schon richtig, aber... that’s quite right ( oder true), but...; so ist’s richtig! umg. that’s the idea

2. (echt, wirklich) real, genuine; (ordentlich) proper; das ist nicht ihr richtiger Name that is not her real name; ein richtiger Engländer a real ( oder true) Englishman; seine richtige Mutter his real ( oder birth) mother; er ist ein richtiger Cowboy he is a regular cowboy; wir hatten keinen richtigen Sommer we didn’t have any proper ( oder decent) summer; ein richtiger Feigling / Idiot umg. a proper coward / idiot

3. (angemessen) appropriate; (geeignet) suitable; im richtigen Augenblick at the right moment; das ist der richtige Mann! he’s just the man we etc. need; ist diese Farbe richtig für mich? does this colo(u)r suit me?

4. (gerecht) fair, right; Kopf 5

II Adv.

1. properly, correctly; geht deine Uhr richtig? is your watch right?; eine richtig gehende Uhr a watch that gives the right time; das Telefon etc. funktioniert nicht richtig the telephone isn’t working properly; richtig gerechnet lohnt es sich nicht if you work it out properly, you can see it’s not worth it; nicht richtig aussprechen / schreiben not pronounce / spell s.th. correctly; du hörst gar nicht richtig zu you’re not listening (properly); ich habe nicht richtig aufgepasst I wasn’t really paying attention; sehe ich das richtig? am I right?; du kommst gerade richtig! you’ve come at just the right moment; iro. you’re the last person I ( oder we) need; Sie sind der Chef? - richtig! umg. so you’re the boss? - you’ve got it!; ach ja, richtig yes, of course ( oder you’re right); mal wieder richtig ausschlafen have a really good sleep for once; jetzt aber richtig! umg. and now do it properly!

2. (auf die richtige Weise) the right way; mach es richtig! do it properly; eine Sache richtig anpacken go about s.th. the right way; schlag richtig zu! hit it really hard!

3. umg. (völlig) thoroughly, really; (wirklich) really; noch nicht richtig gar not properly cooked, not cooked right (Am. all the way) through; nicht richtig heiß not really hot; Catcher tun sich nicht richtig weh all-in (Am. WWF) wrestlers don’t really hurt one another; ich fand ihn richtig nett umg. I thought he was really nice; sie tat mir richtig Leid I was really sorry for her; es tat richtig weh it really hurt; sie wurde richtig verlegen she was really embarrassed; da wurde ich erst richtig böse then I really got angry; jetzt sitzen wir erst richtig in der Tinte oder Scheiße umg. now we’re really in a mess

4. richtig liegen (tendenziell) be on the right track; (völlig Recht haben) be absolutely right; mit deiner Vermutung liegst du richtig you guessed right, your hunch was right; bei mir liegen Sie richtig you’ve come to the right person; er liegt immer richtig he always backs the right horse; mit Pralinen liegst du ( bei ihr) immer richtig you can’t go wrong with chocolates (for her)

5. richtig stellen put s.th. right, correct, rectify; auch set the record straight; lassen Sie mich eines richtig stellen let me just correct one point

III subst.: das Richtige the right thing; zum richtigen Zeitpunkt das Richtige tun do the right thing at the right time; nichts Richtiges gelernt haben have not learnt (Am. learned) any proper trade; ich habe den ganzen Tag noch nichts Richtiges gegessen umg. I haven’t had anything proper to eat all day; er ist der Richtige he’s the right man; sie ist nicht die Richtige für ihn she’s not right for him; du bist mir der Richtige! umg. you’re a fine one; ich hatte drei Richtige im Lotto I got three numbers right ( oder I matched three numbers) in the lottery; einzig II

* * *

rightly (Adv.);

(korrekt) correct (Adj.); right (Adj.);

(wirklich) real (Adj.); proper (Adj.)

* * *
rịch|tig ['rIçtɪç]
1. adj

1) right no comp; (= zutreffend) correct, right

eine richtige Erkenntnis/Voraussetzung etc — a correct realization/presupposition etc

der richtige Mann am richtigen Ort — the right man for the job

ich halte es für richtig/das Richtigste,... — I think it would be right/best...

nicht ganz richtig ( im Kopf) sein (inf) — to be not quite right (in the head) (inf)

bin ich hier richtig bei Müller? (inf) — is this right for the Müllers?

der Junge ist richtig (inf) — that boy's all right (inf) or OK (inf)

2) (= wirklich, echt) real, proper

der richtige Vater — the real father

die richtige Mutter — the real mother

ein richtiger Idiot — a real or proper or right (inf) idiot

2. adv

1) (= korrekt) correctly, right; passen, funktionieren, liegen etc properly, correctly, right

ich habe ihn richtig eingeschätzt — I was right about him

richtig gehend (Uhr, Waage) — accurate

die Uhr geht richtig — the clock is right or correct

habe ich richtig gehört? (iro) — do my ears deceive me?, am I hearing things?; (Gerücht betreffend) is it right what I've heard?

wenn man es richtig nimmt (inf) — really, actually, properly speaking

du kommst gerade richtig! — you're just in time; (iro) you're just what I need

2) (inf = ganz und gar) really, real (esp US inf); sich schämen, verlegen thoroughly, really, real (esp US inf)

3) (= wahrhaftig) right, correct

du bist doch Konrads Schwester – richtig! — you're Konrad's sister – (that's) right

das ist doch Paul! – ach ja, richtig — that's Paul – oh yes, so it is

wir dachten, es würde gleich regnen, und richtig, kaum... — we thought it would soon start raining and, sure enough, scarcely...

* * *

1) correctly

2) (free from faults or errors: This sum is correct.) correct

3) (right; not wrong: Did I get the correct idea from what you said?; You are quite correct.) correct

4) (correctly or rightly: She can't pronounce his name properly.) properly

5) (right, correct, or suitable: That isn't the proper way to clean the windows; You should have done your schoolwork at the proper time - it's too late to start now.) proper

6) ((right-wing) (having opinions which are) of this sort.) right

7) (correct: Put that book back in the right place; Is that the right answer to the question?) right

8) (morally correct; good: It's not right to let thieves keep what they have stolen.) right

9) (suitable; appropriate: He's not the right man for this job; When would be the right time to ask him?) right

10) (correctly: Have I done that right?; I don't think this sum is going to turn out right.) right

11) (correctly; accurately: They rightly assumed that he would refuse to help.) rightly

12) (to understand, do, say etc (something) correctly: Did I get the answer right?) get right

* * *

rich·tig

[ˈrɪçtɪç]

I. adj

1. (korrekt) correct, right

die \richtige Antwort the right [or correct] answer

die \richtige Lösung the correct solution

2. (angebracht) right

die \richtige Handlungsweise the right course of action

zur \richtigen Zeit at the right time

es war \richtig, dass du gegangen bist you were right to leave

3. (am richtigen Ort)

▪ irgendwo/bei jdm \richtig sein to be at the right place/address

„ja, kommen Sie rein, bei mir sind Sie genau \richtig“ “yes, come in, you've come to [exactly] the right place”

ist das hier \richtig zu/nach...? is this [or am I going] the right way to...?

4. (echt, wirklich) real

ich bin nicht deine \richtige Mutter I'm not your real mother

5. (fam: regelrecht) real

du bist ein \richtiger Idiot! you're a real idiot!

6. (passend) right

sie ist nicht die \richtige Frau für dich she's not the right woman for you

7. (ordentlich) real, proper

es ist lange her, dass wir einen \richtigen Winter mit viel Schnee hatten it's been ages since we've had a proper winter with lots of snow

8. (fam: in Ordnung) all right, okay

▪ \richtig sein to be all right [or okay]

unser neuer Lehrer ist \richtig our new teacher is okay; s.a. Kopf

II. adv

1. (korrekt) correctly

Sie haben irgendwie nicht \richtig gerechnet you've miscalculated somehow

\richtig gehend accurate

eine \richtig gehende Uhr an accurate watch

höre ich \richtig? did I hear right?, are my ears deceiving me? fig

ich höre doch wohl nicht \richtig? excuse me? fam, you must be joking!

sehr \richtig! quite right!

2. (angebracht) correctly; (passend a.) right

der Blumentopf steht da nicht richtig the flowerpot is not in the right place there

irgendwie sitzt die Bluse nicht richtig somehow the blouse doesn't fit properly

3. (fam: regelrecht) really

ich fühle mich von ihr \richtig verarscht I feel she has really taken the piss out of me

er hat sie \richtig ausgenutzt he has really used her

4. (tatsächlich)

\richtig, das war die Lösung right, that was the solution

* * *
1.
Adjektiv

1) right; (zutreffend) right; correct; correct < realization>; accurate <prophecy, premonition>

bin ich hier richtig bei Schulzes? — is this the Schulzes' home?

das ist genau das richtige für mich — that's just right for me

ja richtig! — yes, that's right

etwas richtig stellen — correct something

2) (ordentlich) proper

nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf od. (ugs.) im Oberstübchen] sein — be not quite right in the head (coll.) or not quite all there (coll.)

3) (wirklich, echt) real

du bist ein richtiger Esel — you're a right or proper idiot (coll.)
2.
adverbial

1) right; correctly

richtig sitzen od. passen — < clothes> fit properly

meine Uhr geht richtig — my watch is right

richtig liegen — (ugs.) be right

2) (ordentlich) properly

richtig ausschlafen — have a good sleep

3) (richtiggehend) really

* * *

richtig

A. adj

1. right; (fehlerfrei) auch correct; (wahr) true;

die richtige Antwort the right answer;

richtige Aussprache/Übersetzung correct pronunciation/translation;

es war richtig von dir, dass du … you did right ( oder it was right of you) to …;

das finde ich nicht richtig I don’t think it’s right;

das ist schon richtig, aber … that’s quite right ( oder true), but …;

so ist’s richtig! umg that’s the idea

2. (echt, wirklich) real, genuine; (ordentlich) proper;

das ist nicht ihr richtiger Name that is not her real name;

ein richtiger Engländer a real ( oder true) Englishman;

seine richtige Mutter his real ( oder birth) mother;

er ist ein richtiger Cowboy he is a regular cowboy;

wir hatten keinen richtigen Sommer we didn’t have any proper ( oder decent) summer;

ein richtiger Feigling/Idiot umg a proper coward/idiot

3. (angemessen) appropriate; (geeignet) suitable;

im richtigen Augenblick at the right moment;

das ist der richtige Mann! he’s just the man we etc need;

ist diese Farbe richtig für mich? does this colo(u)r suit me?

4. (gerecht) fair, right; → Kopf 5

B. adv

1. properly, correctly;

geht deine Uhr richtig? is your watch right?;

eine richtig gehende Uhr a watch that gives the right time;

das Telefon etc

funktioniert nicht richtig the telephone isn’t working properly;

richtig gerechnet lohnt es sich nicht if you work it out properly, you can see it’s not worth it;

nicht richtig aussprechen/schreiben not pronounce/spell sth correctly;

du hörst gar nicht richtig zu you’re not listening (properly);

ich habe nicht richtig aufgepasst I wasn’t really paying attention;

sehe ich das richtig? am I right?;

du kommst gerade richtig! you’ve come at just the right moment; iron you’re the last person I ( oder we) need;

Sie sind der Chef? - richtig! umg so you’re the boss? - you’ve got it!;

ach ja, richtig yes, of course ( oder you’re right);

mal wieder richtig ausschlafen have a really good sleep for once;

jetzt aber richtig! umg and now do it properly!

2. (auf die richtige Weise) the right way;

mach es richtig! do it properly;

eine Sache richtig anpacken go about sth the right way;

schlag richtig zu! hit it really hard!

3. umg (völlig) thoroughly, really; (wirklich) really;

noch nicht richtig gar not properly cooked, not cooked right (US all the way) through;

nicht richtig heiß not really hot;

Catcher tun sich nicht richtig weh all-in (US WWF) wrestlers don’t really hurt one another;

ich fand ihn richtig nett umg I thought he was really nice;

sie tat mir richtig leid I was really sorry for her;

es tat richtig weh it really hurt;

sie wurde richtig verlegen she was really embarrassed;

da wurde ich erst richtig böse then I really got angry;

jetzt sitzen wir erst richtig in der Tinte oder

Scheiße umg now we’re really in a mess

C. substantivisch:

das Richtige the right thing;

zum richtigen Zeitpunkt das Richtige tun do the right thing at the right time;

nichts Richtiges gelernt haben have not learnt (US learned) any proper trade;

ich habe den ganzen Tag noch nichts Richtiges gegessen umg I haven’t had anything proper to eat all day;

er ist der Richtige he’s the right man;

sie ist nicht die Richtige für ihn she’s not right for him;

du bist mir der Richtige! umg you’re a fine one;

ich hatte drei Richtige im Lotto I got three numbers right ( oder I matched three numbers) in the lottery; → einzig B

* * *
1.
Adjektiv

1) right; (zutreffend) right; correct; correct < realization>; accurate <prophecy, premonition>

bin ich hier richtig bei Schulzes? — is this the Schulzes' home?

das ist genau das richtige für mich — that's just right for me

ja richtig! — yes, that's right

etwas richtig stellen — correct something

2) (ordentlich) proper

nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf od. (ugs.) im Oberstübchen] sein — be not quite right in the head (coll.) or not quite all there (coll.)

3) (wirklich, echt) real

du bist ein richtiger Esel — you're a right or proper idiot (coll.)
2.
adverbial

1) right; correctly

richtig sitzen od. passen — < clothes> fit properly

meine Uhr geht richtig — my watch is right

richtig liegen — (ugs.) be right

2) (ordentlich) properly

richtig ausschlafen — have a good sleep

3) (richtiggehend) really

* * *

adj.

accurate adj.

appropriate adj.

correct adj.

exact adj.

okay adj.

proper adj.

right adj.

true adj.

unmitigated adj. adv.

aright adv.

correctly adv.

duly adv.

justly adv.

properly adv.

right adv.

rightfully adv.

rightly adv. ausdr.

O.K. expr.

OK expr.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > richtig
45 ordeñador

adj.

ordering.

m.

computer (computing). (peninsular Spanish)

pasar algo a ordenador to type something up on a wordprocessor o computer

ordenador central mainframe computer

ordenador personal personal computer

ordenador portátil laptop computer

ordenador de sobremesa desktop computer

* * *

ordenador

► adjetivo

1 ordering

2 RELIGIÓN ordaining

► nombre masculino ordenador

1 INFORMÁTICA computer

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ordenador personal personal computer

————————

ordenador

► nombre masculino

1 INFORMÁTICA computer

* * *

noun m.

computer

* * *

SM computer

pasar a ordenador — to type up on computer

ordenador analógico — analogue computer, analog computer (EEUU)

ordenador central — mainframe computer

ordenador de bolsillo — palmtop (computer)

ordenador de gestión — business computer

ordenador de (sobre)mesa — desktop computer

ordenador doméstico — home computer

ordenador personal — personal computer

ordenador portátil — [gen] portable computer; [pequeño] laptop computer

ordenador torre — tower unit

ordenador transportable — portable computer

* * *

masculino (Esp) computadora

* * *

= dairyman.

Ex. A jury has awarded $22 million to 11 dairymen who were defrauded out of profits by the cooperative that sold their milk.

* * *

masculino (Esp) computadora

* * *

= computer, computer equipment.

Ex: In dialogues based on commands, the user enters his instructions as pre-set commands; the computer recognizes theses and takes appropriate action.

Ex: In other cases, the capacity and performance of computer equipment prove to be the limiting factor, although continuing advances in fields like data networks, voice input and output, and computer vision keep pushing these limits further and further back.

* aceptable por el ordenador = machine-processable.

* adquisición por ordenador = computerised acquisition.

* animación por ordenador = computer animation.

* aprendizaje asistido por ordenador (CAL) = computer-assisted learning (CAL).

* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).

* archivo de ordenador = computer file, machine-readable data file.

* asignado por el ordenador = computer-assigned.

* asignado por ordenador = machine-assigned.

* asistido por el ordenador = machine-negotiated.

* asistido por ordenador = computer-mediated, computer-supported, computer-assisted, computer-aided.

* calculado por el ordenador = computer-calculated.

* carrete de ordenador = computer reel.

* cartucho de ordenador = computer cartridge.

* casete de ordenador = computer cassette.

* catálogo de listado de ordenador compuesto tipográficamente = typeset computer book form catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de listado de ordenador = computer book form catalogue.

* componer tipográficamente por ordenador = computer typeset.

* composición tipográfica por ordenador = computer typesetting.

* comunicación entre ordenadores = computer-communication.

* comunicación mediante el ordenador = computer mediated communication (CMC).

* conexión entre ordenadores = computer link.

* conferencia por ordenador = computer conferencing.

* congreso mediante ordenador = computer-mediated conferencing.

* congreso por ordenador = computer conference.

* controlado por ordenador = computer-controlled.

* creado por ordenador = computer-generated.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de ordenadores = computer-to-computer.

* desplazamiento por medio del ordenador = computer commuting.

* disco de ordenador = computer disc.

* disco óptico de ordenador = computer optical disc.

* diseño asistido por ordenador (CAD) = computer-aided design (CAD).

* elaborado por ordenador = computer-produced [computer produced].

* empresa de ordenadores = computer company.

* emulación de terminales de ordenador = terminal emulation.

* enseñanza asistida por ordenador = computer-aided learning (CAL).

* enseñanza asistida por ordenador (CAI) = computer-assisted instruction (CAI).

* enseñanza por medio del ordenador (CBI) = computer-based instruction (CBI).

* entre ordenadores = computer-to-computer.

* estado del ordenador en fuera de línea = offlineness.

* estado del ordenador en línea = onlineness.

* gestión de imágenes por ordenador = computer imaging.

* gráficos por ordenador = computer graphics.

* guardado en el ordenador = machine-stored.

* hacer que sea procesable por el ordenador = render + machine-manipulatable.

* imágenes por ordenador = computer graphics.

* índice de listado de ordenador compuesto tipográficamente = typeset computer book form index.

* índice encuadernado de listado de ordenador = computer book form index.

* interacción hombre-ordenador = human-computer interaction.

* introducir datos en el ordenador = input.

* introductor de datos en un ordenador = inputter.

* juego de ordenador = computer game.

* listado de ordenador = computer print-out.

* listado encuadernado de ordenador = computer print-out book form, computer book.

* MARS (Servicio de Referencia Asistido por Ordenador) = MARS (Machine Assisted Reference Service).

* mecanógrafo de ordenador = keyboard operator.

* mediante el ordenador = computer-mediated.

* microforma producida por ordenador = COM (computer output microform).

* miedo al ordenador = computer anxiety.

* modelo por ordenador = computer model.

* monitor de ordenador = CRT screen, CRT display screen.

* ordenación por ordenador = computer filing.

* ordenador central = central computer, host computer.

* ordenador compatible = generic computer.

* ordenador de bolsillo = palm-sized computer, palmtop, palmtop computer.

* ordenador de mano = Palm Pilot.

* ordenador de seguridad = firewall.

* ordenador de sobremesa = desktop computer.

* ordenador digital = digital computer.

* Ordenadores Apple = Apple Computer.

* ordenadores de uso público = PAWS (Public access workstations).

* ordenador frontal = head-end computer.

* ordenador personal = desktop computer, home computer.

* ordenador personal (PC) = personal computer (PC).

* ordenador portátil = notebook computer, laptop, laptop computer.

* ordenador trampa = honeypot.

* orientado al ordenador = machine-oriented, computer-oriented.

* paquete de programas de ordenador = software package.

* para ordenadores personales = microcomputer-based, PC-based.

* PC IBM (Ordenador personal IBM) = IBM-PC (IBM Personal Computer).

* plataforma de ordenador = computing platform.

* presentación mediante ordenador = computer projection.

* prestaciones del ordenador = computer's capabilities.

* procesable por el ordenador = machine-manipulatable.

* producido por ordenador = computer-produced [computer produced], machine-derived.

* programa de ordenador = computer programme.

* proyección mediante ordenador = computer projection.

* reconocimiento de imágenes por el ordenador = computer vision.

* red de ordenadores = computer network.

* reinicializar un ordenador = reboot + computer.

* simulación por ordenador = computer simulation.

* tarjeta de ordenador = computer card.

* tecnología del ordenador = computer technology.

* tecnología del ordenador personal = personal computer technology.

* teleconferencia por ordenador = computer teleconferencing.

* teleordenador = telecomputer.

* terminal de ordenador = terminal, computer terminal.

* tiempo durante el cual el ordenador no está disponible al público = down time.

* tomografía por ordenador = computer tomography, computed tomography.

* trabajo con ordenador = computer work.

* traducción asistida por ordenador = computer-aided translation (CAT), computer-assisted translation (CAT).

* unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.

* utilizar al máximo por medio del ordenador = explode.

* utilizar el ordenador = operate + computer.

* volver a insertar en el ordenador = rekey [re-key].

* * *

ordenador

masculine

( Esp)

computer

Compuestos:

● ordenador central

central computer

● ordenador de a bordo

onboard computer

● ordenador de bolsillo

palmtop

● ordenador de mano

palmtop

● ordenador de sobremesa or de mesa

desktop computer

● ordenador doméstico

home computer

● ordenador neural

neural computer

● ordenador patrón

server

● ordenador personal

personal computer

● ordenador portátil

portable computer; (más pequeño) laptop computer

* * *

Multiple Entries:
ordenador
ordeñador
ordenador sustantivo masculino (Esp) See Also→
◊ computadora

ordenador sustantivo masculino computer: estudia diseño asistido por ordenador, she's taking a class in computer-aided design (CAD); ordenador portátil, laptop computer

' ordenador' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
actualizar
- cargarse
- cerrar
- colgarse
- comprar
- de
- desarrollar
- dichosa
- dichoso
- escribir
- espaciador
- ficha
- garantía
- inexperta
- inexperto
- manual
- marchar
- portátil
- risa
- sobremesa
- teclado
- teclear
- terminar
- uso
- velocidad
English:
afford
- CAD
- computer
- computer language
- computer-assisted
- data processor
- delete
- desktop
- dinosaur
- down
- exclusively
- function
- good
- innards
- instruction
- keep
- key
- laptop
- longhand
- notebook
- pc
- personal computer
- printout
- retrofit
- upgrade
- compatible
- main
- personal

* * *

ordenador nm
Esp computer;
pasar algo a ordenador to key sth up (on a computer)

Comp
ordenador analógico analogue computer;
ordenador de a bordo onboard computer;

ordenador central central computer;

ordenador compatible compatible computer;

ordenador digital digital computer;

ordenador doméstico home computer;

ordenador personal personal computer;

ordenador portátil laptop computer;

ordenador de sobremesa desktop computer

* * *

ordenador

m Esp
INFOR computer;
asistido por ordenador computer-aided

* * *

ordenador nm, Spain : computer

* * *

ordenador n computer

ordenador personal personal computer

ordenador portátil laptop

Spanish-English dictionary > ordeñador
46 tener presente

v.

1 to bear in mind, to keep in mind, to remember, to have at the back of one's mind.

2 to bear in mind to, to remember to, to keep in mind to.

* * *

tener presente

to bear in mind

* * *

(v.) = be mindful of/that, bear in + mind, consider (as), keep in + focus, keep in + mind, make + consideration, mind, make + provision for, have + regard for, be aware of

Ex. She examines the features that make it attractive while also being mindful of its minor flaws.

Ex. Editors should bear in mind problems of translation so that the revised edition can be rendered more easily into other languages.

Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex. We will not disserve readers by instructing them through our subject headings in nonbiased terminology; we will, in fact, be keeping all of our readers in focus.

Ex. This fact should be kept in mind when deciding upon the sequence of materials types.

Ex. There is, however, a further consideration that must be made, particularly if given the opportunity of planning a new building.

Ex. They see people as marked by one particular attribute, cleverness, or kindness, or strictness, or being a good shot, and they mind whether things are right or wrong.

Ex. We must of course make provision for those users who look for information under one of the other terms, and this is discussed below in the section on showing semantic relationships.

Ex. The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances = El aparente éxito del proyecto sugiere que se puede utilizar o adaptar para otros miembros de la industria del ganado bovino, teniendo en cuenta sus circunstancias particulares.

Ex. Although this may seem an obvious statement, there are many instances when the searcher is not fully aware of what can or might be retrieved.

* * *

(v.) = be mindful of/that, bear in + mind, consider (as), keep in + focus, keep in + mind, make + consideration, mind, make + provision for, have + regard for, be aware of

Ex: She examines the features that make it attractive while also being mindful of its minor flaws.

Ex: Editors should bear in mind problems of translation so that the revised edition can be rendered more easily into other languages.

Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex: We will not disserve readers by instructing them through our subject headings in nonbiased terminology; we will, in fact, be keeping all of our readers in focus.

Ex: This fact should be kept in mind when deciding upon the sequence of materials types.

Ex: There is, however, a further consideration that must be made, particularly if given the opportunity of planning a new building.

Ex: They see people as marked by one particular attribute, cleverness, or kindness, or strictness, or being a good shot, and they mind whether things are right or wrong.

Ex: We must of course make provision for those users who look for information under one of the other terms, and this is discussed below in the section on showing semantic relationships.

Ex: The apparent success of the project suggests it can be used or adapted for other members of the beef industry, having regard for their particular circumstances = El aparente éxito del proyecto sugiere que se puede utilizar o adaptar para otros miembros de la industria del ganado bovino, teniendo en cuenta sus circunstancias particulares.

Ex: Although this may seem an obvious statement, there are many instances when the searcher is not fully aware of what can or might be retrieved.

Spanish-English dictionary > tener presente
47 infidèle

infidèle [ɛ̃fidεl]

1. adjective

unfaithful ( à qn to sb)

2. masculine noun, feminine noun

(Religion) infidel

* * *
ɛ̃fidɛl
1.

adjectif

1) ( inconstant) [mari, maîtresse] unfaithful ( à quelqu'un to somebody); [ami] disloyal

2) ( non conforme) [traduction, récit] inaccurate

3) Religion infidel

2.

nom masculin et féminin Religion infidel

* * *
ɛ̃fidɛl adj
1) (mari) unfaithful

2) RELIGION infidel

* * *

infidèle

A adj

1 ( inconstant) [mari, maîtresse] unfaithful (à qn to sb); [ami] disloyal; [électeur] fickle; infidèle à sa parole/ses promesses untrue to one's word/one's promise;

2 ( non conforme) [traduction, récit] inaccurate; [photo, témoignage] unreliable;

3 Relig infidel.

B nmf

1 ( inconstant) unfaithful man/woman;

2 Relig infidel.

[ɛ̃fidɛl] adjectif

1. [généralement] disloyal, unfaithful

[en amour] unfaithful, untrue (littéraire)

[en amitié] disloyal

être infidèle à sa parole to go back on one's word

2. [inexact - témoignage, texte] inaccurate, unreliable ; [ - mémoire] unreliable

une traduction infidèle an unfaithful ou inaccurate translation

3. RELIGION infidel

————————

[ɛ̃fidɛl] nom masculin et féminin

RELIGION infidel

————————

[ɛ̃fidɛl] nom féminin

LITTÉRATURE

belle infidèlewell-turned but inaccurate translation (term used in 17th-century literature)

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > infidèle
48 être

être [εtʀ]

━━━━━━━━━

1. linking verb

2. auxiliary verb

3. intransitive verb

4. impersonal verb

5. masculine noun

━━━━━━━━━

➭ TABLE 61

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Pour les locutions comme être en colère, c'est dommage, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. <

   a. to be

• le ciel est bleu the sky is blue

• soyez sages ! be good!

• il était fatigué he was tired

• elle est traductrice she's a translator

• il est tout pour elle he's everything to her

• il n'est plus rien pour moi he doesn't mean anything to me any more

• nous sommes dix à vouloir partir ten of us want to go

► être de

• nous sommes de la même religion we are of the same faith

• être de l'expédition to take part in the expedition

• être de noce to be at a wedding

• je ne serai pas du voyage I won't be going

• elle est des nôtres she's one of us ; ( = elle vient avec nous) she's coming with us

• serez-vous des nôtres demain ? will you be coming tomorrow?

   b. (date) on est le 12 janvier

• nous sommes le 12 janvier it's 12 January

• on était en juillet it was in July

• quel jour sommes-nous ? (date) what's the date today? ; (jour) what day is it today?

2. <

   a. (passif) to be

• être fabriqué par... to be made by...

• il est soutenu par son patron he is backed up by his boss

• elle n'a pas été invitée she hasn't been invited

   b. (temps composés) to have

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Les temps composés anglais sont généralement formés avec le verbe to have et non to be.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Les temps composés français ne se traduisent pas toujours par des temps composés anglais: le passé composé français peut se traduire soit par le prétérit, soit par le parfait anglais, selon le contexte.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il est mort hier he died yesterday

• il est parti hier he left yesterday

• est-il déjà passé ? has he been already?

• nous étions montés we had gone upstairs

   c. (verbes pronominaux) elle s'est regardée dans la glace she looked at herself in the mirror

• elle s'était endormie she had fallen asleep

• ils se sont regardés avec méfiance they looked at each other suspiciously

3. <

   a. to be

• elle n'est plus she is no more

• le meilleur homme qui soit the kindest man imaginable

• le village est à 10 km d'ici the village is 10km from here

• où étais-tu ? where were you?

   b. ( = aller)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque avoir été décrit un déplacement, il est rendu le plus souvent par to go ; lorsqu'il exprime le fait de s'être trouvé quelque part, il se traduit par to be.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• il n'avait jamais été à Londres he'd never been to London

• as-tu déjà été à l'étranger ? -- oui j'ai été en Italie l'an dernier have you ever been abroad? -- yes I went to Italy last year

• elle a été lui téléphoner she's gone to phone him

• il a été dire que c'était de ma faute he went and said that it was my fault

4. <

   a. ► il est + adjectif it is

• il est étrange que... it's odd that...

• il a été facile de le convaincre it was easy to convince him

   b. ► il est (pour dire l'heure) it is

• il est 10 heures it's 10 o'clock

• il était 8 heures quand il est arrivé it was 8 o'clock when he arrived

• quelle heure est-il ? what time is it?

   c. ► il est + nom (literary) (nom singulier) there is ; (nom pluriel) there are

• il est un pays où... there is a country where...

• il est des gens qui... there are people who...

• il était une fois... once upon a time there was...

   d. ► c'est, ce sont + nom ou pronom

• c'est le médecin (en désignant) that's the doctor ; (au téléphone, à la porte) it's the doctor

• c'est une voiture rapide it's a fast car

• ce sont de bons souvenirs they are happy memories

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► En anglais, to be se met au temps de l'action décrite.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• c'est une voiture rouge qui l'a renversé it was a red car which knocked him down

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Notez l'emploi possible d'un auxiliaire en anglais pour traduire les propositions tronquées.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• qui a crié ? -- c'est lui who shouted? -- he did or it was him

   e. ► c'est + adjectif it is

• c'est impossible it's impossible

• c'était formidable it was wonderful

• c'est vrai that's true

• ça c'est vrai ! that's true!

• un hôtel pas cher, c'est difficile à trouver it's not easy to find a cheap hotel

• voler, c'est quelque chose que je ne ferai jamais stealing is something I'll never do

   f. (locutions)

► c'est... qui

• c'est le vent qui a emporté la toiture it was the wind that blew the roof off

• c'est eux or ce sont eux qui mentaient they are the ones who were lying

• c'est toi qui le dis ! that's what you say!

• c'est moi qu'on attendait it was me they were waiting for► c'est... que

• c'est une bonne voiture que vous avez là that's a good car you've got there

• c'est ici que je l'ai trouvé this is where I found it

• c'était elle que je voulais rencontrer she was the one I wanted to meet

• ne partez pas, c'est à vous que je veux parler don't go, it's you I want to talk to► c'est que (pour expliquer)

quand il écrit, c'est qu'il a besoin d'argent when he writes, it's because he needs money

• c'est que je le connais bien ! I know him so well!

• c'est qu'elle n'a pas d'argent it's because she has no money ; (exclamatif) but she has no money!► ce n'est pas que

• ce n'est pas qu'il soit beau ! it's not that he's good-looking!► est-ce que ?

• est-ce que c'est vrai ? is it true?

• est-ce que vous saviez ? did you know?

• est-ce que tu m'entends ? can you hear me?

• est-ce que c'est toi qui l'as battu ? was it you who beat him?

• quand est-ce que ce sera réparé ? when will it be fixed?

• où est-ce que tu l'as mis ? where have you put it?► n'est-ce pas ? → n'est-ce pas

► ne serait-ce if only

• ne serait-ce que pour quelques jours if only for a few days

• ne serait-ce que pour nous ennuyer if only to annoy us

5. <

   a. ( = créature) being

• être humain human being

• être vivant living being

   b. ( = individu) person

• les êtres qui nous sont chers our loved ones

• un être cher a loved one

• c'était un être merveilleux he was a wonderful person

* * *

I ɛtʀ
verbe intransitif (+ v avoir)

1)

il n'est pas jusqu'à l'Antarctique qui ne soit pollué — even the Antarctic is polluted

il en est de Pierre comme de Paul — it is the same with Pierre as with Paul

voilà ce qu'il en est — ( présentation) this is how it is; ( conclusion) that's how it is

il n'en est rien — this isn't at all the case

il en sera toujours ainsi — it will always be so

il en a été de même — it was the same

qu'en est-il de...? — what's the news on...?

2)

je suis à vous tout de suite/dans un instant — I'll be with you right away/in a minute

je suis à vous — I'm all yours

être à ce qu'on fait — to have one's mind on what one is doing

elle est toujours à se plaindre — she's always complaining

3)

il n'est plus — euph he's no longer with us

ce temps n'est plus — these days are gone

fût-il duc/en cristal — even if he were a duke/it were made of crystal

n'était leur grand âge — were it not for their advanced age

ne serait-ce qu'en faisant — if only by doing

ne fût-ce qu'un instant — if only for a moment

fût-ce pour des raisons humanitaires — if only on humanitarian grounds

••

on ne peut pas être et avoir été — Proverbe you can't stay young forever

••

être I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant l'existence, l'identité, la localisation, la qualité, être sera traduit par to be: je pense donc je suis = I think therefore I am; le soleil est une étoile = the sun is a star; j'étais chez moi = I was at home; l'eau est froide = the water is cold

Les locutions figées contenant être sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée. Ainsi être en train de/sur le point de/hors de soi etc sont respectivement sous train, point, hors etc; comme si de rien n'était et quoi qu'il en soit sous comme et quoi. De même, les expressions avec si et les questions commençant par que sont traitées sous si et que, à part qu'est-ce à dire?, que l'on trouvera sous dire. Selon le même principe, l'emploi facultatif de étant après considérer comme et présenter comme est traité sous ces verbes; étant donné (que) et étant entendu que sont sous donné et entendu. La plupart des autres emplois de étant se traduisent par being: cela (ou ceci) étant = this being so. En revanche, c'est-à-dire, n'est-ce pas, peut-être et soit sont des entrées à part entière, traitées à leur place dans le dictionnaire

Par ailleurs, on consultera utilement les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment pour l'expression de l'heure, la date, les nationalités, les professions, les nombres etc

être = verbe auxiliaire

de la voix passive

être auxiliaire de la voix passive se traduit par to be. On notera l'emploi des divers temps en anglais

au présent: où sont les épreuves? elles sont révisées par le traducteur = where are the proofs? they are being revised by the translator; votre voiture est réparée = your car has been repaired; les portes sont repeintes chaque année = the doors are repainted every year

au passé: les épreuves ont été révisées en juin = the proofs were revised in June; les épreuves ont été révisées plusieurs fois = the proofs have been revised several times; les épreuves ont été révisées bien avant ma démission = the proofs had been revised long before I resigned

du passé dans les temps composés

être se traduit par to have si le temps est également composé en anglais - ce qui est beaucoup moins fréquent qu'en français (voir ci-dessus) - sauf avec naître. Dans certains contextes, on peut avoir: elles sont tombées = they have fallen; ils se sont enfuis = they have escaped; elle s'était vengée = she had taken her revenge

Les verbes traduits par une construction passive ou attributive en anglais ( se vendre = to be sold; s'indigner = to be indignant) suivent les mêmes règles au passé: tous les livres se sont vendus = all the books have been sold; elle se serait indignée = she would have been indignant

Noter que la forme pronominale à valeur passive est souvent mieux rendue en anglais par une forme intransitive: les livres se sont bien vendus = the books have sold well

être = aller

Lorsqu'il signifie aller, être se traduit par to be en anglais, mais seulement s'il est directement suivi d'un complément de lieu: je n'ai jamais été en Chine = I've never been to China. Suivi d'un infinitif, il se rend par to go to: il a été voir son ami = he's gone to see his friend; j'ai été manger au restaurant = I went to eat in the restaurant

Dans le sens de s'en aller, on notera les tournures recherchées: ils s'en furent au théâtre = they went to the theatre; ils s'en furent (déçus) = they left (disappointed)

c'est

interrogation

est-ce, ou sa variante plus familière c'est, se traduit généralement par is it: est-ce leur fils/voiture? = is it their son/car?; c'est grave? = is it serious?; c'est toi ou ton frère? = is it you or your brother?

Quand ce garde sa valeur démonstrative, l'anglais précise la référence: est-ce clair? = is that clear?; qui est-ce? ( en montrant une personne) = who is he/she?; et aussi = who is that?; mais, en parlant de quelqu'un qui vous appelle au téléphone, ou à quelqu'un qui frappe à la porte: = who is it?

est-ce n'est généralement pas traduit dans les tournures emphatiques ou permettant d'éviter l'inversion du sujet: est-ce que tu parles russe? = do you speak Russian?; est-ce leur fils, ce garçon? is this boy their son?; qui est-ce qui l'a fait? = who did it?; qui est-ce que tu as rencontré? = who did you meet?; quand/où est-ce que tu manges? = when/where do you eat?; qu'est-ce que c'est? = what is it?, ou, comme vu plus haut, = what is this/that? selon qu'on montre un objet proche ou éloigné

Néanmoins, la tournure emphatique est également possible en anglais dans certaines expressions: qu'est-ce que j'entends? = what's this I hear?; est-ce bien ce qu'il a voulu dire? = is that what he really meant?

affirmation

c'est se traduit, selon les contextes, it is ( it's), this is, that is ( that's): c'est facile ( de critiquer) = it's easy; (ce que tu me demandes, ce travail) = that's easy; c'est moi (réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's me; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = I do; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = I did; (pour me désigner sur une photo, ou comme étant le personnage dont il est question) = that's me ( traduit également ça, c'est moi); c'est Mme Fox (qui téléphone, réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's Mrs Fox; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = Mrs Fox ou Mrs Fox does; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = Mrs Fox did; (que je montre, dont vous voulez parler) = that's Mrs Fox; c'est eux, ce sont eux (qui sont là-bas, que je montre) = it's them; ( qui le font) = they do; ( qui l'ont fait) = they did; ( qui arrivent) = here they are; ce sont mes enfants ( que je vous présente) = these are my children; ( qui sont là-bas) = they are my children; c'est cela = that's right; c'est ça! tu crois que je vais faire le travail tout seul? = what's this! do you think I'm going to do the work all by myself?

Lorsqu'il reprend un nom, un infinitif ou une proposition qui le précède c'est se traduit seulement par is: une étoile, c'est un réacteur nucléaire = a star is a nuclear reactor; réussir, c'est une question de volonté = to succeed is a question of will; sortir par ce temps, c'est de la folie = going out in this weather is sheer madness; eux, ce sont mes amis = they are my friends

De même, lorsque c'est que reprend un groupe nominal ou une proposition, il se traduit simplement par is that: le comique, c'est que... = the funny thing is that... On trouvera en général cette tournure sous l'entrée appropriée, comme comique, fort, importer etc

Lorsque c'est que sert à donner une explication il se rend généralement, et selon le temps, par it is that, it was that, mais aussi, pour insister sur l'explication, par it is/was because: si j'ai fait ça, c'est que je ne pouvais pas faire autrement = if I did that, it was because I couldn't do otherwise. ce n'est pas que se traduit la plupart du temps it is/was not that (la contraction est it's not plutôt que it isn't): ce n'est pas qu'il soit bête, mais... = it's not that he is stupid, but...

En corrélation avec un pronom relatif, c'est peut soit garder sa valeur de présentatif (voir plus haut) et se rendre par that's: c'est le journaliste qui m'a interviewé/que nous avons rencontré/dont je te parlais = that's the journalist who interviewed me/(that) we met/I was telling you about; c'est le château où je suis né = that's the castle where I was born; c'est ce qui me fait croire que... = that's what makes me think that...; c'est justement ce que je disais = that's exactly what I was saying; soit constituer une tournure emphatique qui se rend en anglais selon la nuance: c'est de la même femme que nous parlons = we're talking about the same woman; c'était d'en parler devant elle qui me gênait = talking about it in front of her was what made me feel uneasy ou what made me feel uneasy was talking about it in front of her; c'est lui/Paul qui l'a cassé ( je le dénonce) = he/Paul broke it; ( je l'accuse) = he/Paul is the one who broke it; c'est mon frère qui l'a écrit = it was my brother who wrote it ou my brother's the one who wrote it; c'est de ta soeur que je parlais, pas de toi = it was your sister I was talking about, not you; c'est cette voiture qui m'intéresse = this is the car (that) I am interested in; c'est lui le coupable = he is the culprit; ce sont eux les meurtriers = they are the murderers

c'est à suivi d'un infinitif se traduit parfois par it is suivi de l'adjectif correspondant si cette même transformation est possible en français ( c'est à désespérer = c'est désespérant = it's hopeless), mais c'est rare, et il est conseillé de se reporter à l'infinitif en question ou à l'un des autres termes obtenus à partir de transformations semblables

c'est à... de faire (ou parfois à faire) se traduira de deux manières: c'est à Pierre/lui de choisir ( c'est son tour) it's Pierre's/his turn to choose; ( c'est sa responsabilité) it's up to Pierre/to him to choose

La notion de rivalité contenue dans c'est à qui suivi du futur doit être rendue explicite en anglais: c'est à qui proposera le plus de réformes = each is trying to suggest more reforms than the other; c'était à qui des deux aurait le dernier mot = they were each trying to get in the last word; c'était à qui trouverait le plus d'erreurs dans le texte = they were vying with each other to find the most mistakes in the text

c'est, équivalent de ça fait dans le compte d'une somme, se rend par it is: c'est 200 francs = it's 200 francs; c'est combien? = how much is it?

ce sera avec valeur modale de ce doit être se traduit it must be: ce sera mon professeur de piano = it must be my piano teacher

être = verbe impersonnel

il est facile de critiquer = it is easy to criticize; il serait nécessaire de faire = it would be necessary to do; il est des gens bizarres = there are some strange people; il n'est pas de jour/d'heure sans qu'il se plaigne = not a day/an hour goes by without him complaining

On se référera par ailleurs aux notes d'usage concernant l'heure et la date; voir aussi les entrées temps et fois

il est à suivi d'un infinitif se rend différemment, selon les nuances qu'imposent le contexte, par it must be, it has to be, it should be, it can be suivis du participe passé. Pour plus de sûreté, on se reportera à l'infinitif en question, où cette construction est généralement traitée

il est de suivi d'un substantif ou d'un groupe nominal se rend souvent par it is suivi directement d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif précédé d'un déterminant (article, pronom): il est de coutume de faire (ou qu'on fasse) = it is customary ou the custom to do; il est de notre responsabilité de faire = it is our responsibility to do; mais ce n'est pas une règle absolue, et il est préférable de consulter des entrées telles que goût, règle, notoriété etc pour avoir des traductions adéquates. Voir également 1 Voir également 1 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

Emplois avec en

en être

Certains cas sont traités sous la rubrique ‘être = verbe impersonnel’; d'autres, expressions figées, le sont sous l'entrée appropriée; voir par exemple poche et frais pour en être de sa poche/pour ses frais. Enfin, quand l'antéc édent de en est exprimé dans la phrase, l'expression est traitée plus bas sous être de: où en étais-je? = where was I?; je ne sais plus où j'en suis = I'm lost; où en es-tu de tes recherches? - j'en suis à mi-chemin/au début = how far have you got in your research? - I'm halfway through/at the beginning; elle a eu plusieurs amants/accidents: elle en est à son quatrième = she has had several lovers/accidents: this is her fourth; j'en suis à me demander si... = I'm beginning to wonder whether...; j'en étais à ne pouvoir distinguer le vrai du faux = I got to the point where I couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood

être en

Suivie d'un substantif représentant un vêtement, l'expression peut être traduite to be in, mais on consultera l'entrée appropriée pour s'en assurer. Si l'on dit to be in uniform ou éventuellement to be wearing a uniform pour être en uniforme, l'anglais préfère généralement to be wearing a suit à to be in a suit pour être en costume (de même pour robe, tailleur etc). Dans le cas d'un déguisement, on a to be dressed up as: être en pirate = to be dressed up as a pirate

emplois avec y

j'y suis ( je vous comprends) = I'm with you; ( plus général mais un peu familier) = I get it; je n'y suis pas ( je ne comprends pas) = I don't get it; vous y êtes? (vous comprenez?) = are you with me?; (vous êtes prêt(e)?) = are you ready?; 20000 francs? vous n'y êtes pas! = 20,000 francs? you're a long way out!; tu n'y es pas, c'est plus compliqué que ça = you don't realize, it's a lot more complicated than that. Voir aussi les entrées y, adverbe de lieu, et pour

être + prépositions

La plupart des cas ( être dans, sur, devant, pour, après, avec etc) sont traités sous la préposition correspondante. Ne sont retenus ici que les cas particuliers de être à et être de

être à

Les cas où l'on peut faire l'ellipse de être ou le remplacer par un autre verbe sont traités sous la préposition à; ceux de en être à sous la rubrique ‘en être’, et ceux de c'est à sous la rubrique ‘c'est’

Les emplois de être à suivi d'un groupe nominal et signifiant ‘tendre vers’ sont généralement traités sous le substantif approprié, comme temps, hausse, agonie etc dans les expressions le temps est à la pluie, être à la hausse, être à l'agonie. De même, quand être à signifie un état, c'est sous le substantif ou adjectif approprié, comme bout, disposition, quai, vif etc, qu'on trouvera la ou les traductions de l'expression correspondante

Suivi d'un infinitif et signifiant devoir être, être à peut généralement se traduire, en observant les mêmes nuances qu'avec devoir, par must be, have to be ou should be suivi du participe passé du verbe anglais. Il reste conseillé de consulter l'infinitif en question, comme plaindre, prendre etc. On en trouve également un traitement succint sous les rubriques ‘être = verbe impersonnel' et ‘c'est'

Au sens de appartenir à, l'anglais utilise to be suivi du cas possessif quand le possesseur est un être animé ou d'un pronom possessif si celui-ci est représent é par un pronom objet. Si le cas possessif n'est pas d'usage, on utilise de préférence to belong to: ce livre est à moi/à mon frère = this book is mine/my brother's; ces dictionnaires sont au service de traduction = these dictionaries belong to the translation department; à qui est ce chien? = who does this dog belong to? ou whose dog is this? Voir 2 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

être de

Quand elle exprime un état ou une situation, la tournure être de suivie d'un substantif sans déterminant est traduite sous le substantif en question, notamment avis, garde, service etc. De même, certaines expressions où la présence de déterminant est variable, comme dans être de mauvaise foi/d'une incroyable mauvaise foi sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée, en l'occurrence, foi; voir aussi humeur, massacrante, poil etc

La construction être d'un/d'une suivie d'un adjectif substantivé ou d'un substantif exprimant une qualité ou un défaut peut généralement être rendue par to be so suivi de l'adjectif correspondant en anglais, si le substantif est seul: elle est d'un ridicule/d'une prétention! = she's so ridiculous/so pretentious!; si le substantif est qualifié, l'adjectif devient généralement un adverbe en anglais: il est d'une exquise courtoisie/d'une incompétence rare = he's exquisitely courteous/exceptionally incompetent; mais il n'est pas inutile de vérifier les traductions des adjectifs et substantifs à leur entrée avant de rendre cette construction

Au sens de participer à, faire partie de, la tournure être de se traduit de façon très variable (voir aussi partie): il est des nôtres ( il vient avec nous) = he's with us; (il est de notre clan, agit et pense comme nous) = he's one of us; serez-vous des nôtres? = will you be (coming) with us?; êtes-vous des nôtres? = are you coming with us? (ici, coming est nécessaire, pour éviter l'ambiguïté de are you with us?); les journalistes ne sont pas/ne seront pas du voyage = the journalists aren't coming/won't be coming on the trip; ils ont organisé une expédition mais je n'en étais pas = they organized an expedition but I wasn't part of it; il y avait un congrès mais il n'en était pas = there was a congress but he didn't take part

Suivi d'un infinitif et précédé de noms abstraits avec l'article défini ( l'idéal, l'essentiel etc) ou de superlatifs ( le plus simple), être de se traduit généralement par to be suivi de l'infinitif avec to: le plus simple serait de tout recommencer = the simplest thing to do would be to start all over again

II ɛtʀ
nom masculin

1) ( organisme vivant) being

être humain — human being

les êtres animés et inanimés — animate and inanimate things

les êtres et les choses — living things and objects

un être sans défense — a defenceless [BrE] creature

2) ( personne) person

un être d'exception — an exceptional person

un être cher or aimé — a loved one

un être sensible — a sensitive soul

3) ( nature intime) being

de tout son être — with one's whole being

blessé au plus profond de son être — hurt to the core

4) Philosophie

l'être — being

••

être I

Généralités

Dans la plupart des situations exprimant l'existence, l'identité, la localisation, la qualité, être sera traduit par to be: je pense donc je suis = I think therefore I am; le soleil est une étoile = the sun is a star; j'étais chez moi = I was at home; l'eau est froide = the water is cold

Les locutions figées contenant être sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée. Ainsi être en train de/sur le point de/hors de soi etc sont respectivement sous train, point, hors etc; comme si de rien n'était et quoi qu'il en soit sous comme et quoi. De même, les expressions avec si et les questions commençant par que sont traitées sous si et que, à part qu'est-ce à dire?, que l'on trouvera sous dire. Selon le même principe, l'emploi facultatif de étant après considérer comme et présenter comme est traité sous ces verbes; étant donné (que) et étant entendu que sont sous donné et entendu. La plupart des autres emplois de étant se traduisent par being: cela (ou ceci) étant = this being so. En revanche, c'est-à-dire, n'est-ce pas, peut-être et soit sont des entrées à part entière, traitées à leur place dans le dictionnaire

Par ailleurs, on consultera utilement les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment pour l'expression de l'heure, la date, les nationalités, les professions, les nombres etc

être = verbe auxiliaire

de la voix passive

être auxiliaire de la voix passive se traduit par to be. On notera l'emploi des divers temps en anglais

au présent: où sont les épreuves? elles sont révisées par le traducteur = where are the proofs? they are being revised by the translator; votre voiture est réparée = your car has been repaired; les portes sont repeintes chaque année = the doors are repainted every year

au passé: les épreuves ont été révisées en juin = the proofs were revised in June; les épreuves ont été révisées plusieurs fois = the proofs have been revised several times; les épreuves ont été révisées bien avant ma démission = the proofs had been revised long before I resigned

du passé dans les temps composés

être se traduit par to have si le temps est également composé en anglais - ce qui est beaucoup moins fréquent qu'en français (voir ci-dessus) - sauf avec naître. Dans certains contextes, on peut avoir: elles sont tombées = they have fallen; ils se sont enfuis = they have escaped; elle s'était vengée = she had taken her revenge

Les verbes traduits par une construction passive ou attributive en anglais ( se vendre = to be sold; s'indigner = to be indignant) suivent les mêmes règles au passé: tous les livres se sont vendus = all the books have been sold; elle se serait indignée = she would have been indignant

Noter que la forme pronominale à valeur passive est souvent mieux rendue en anglais par une forme intransitive: les livres se sont bien vendus = the books have sold well

être = aller

Lorsqu'il signifie aller, être se traduit par to be en anglais, mais seulement s'il est directement suivi d'un complément de lieu: je n'ai jamais été en Chine = I've never been to China. Suivi d'un infinitif, il se rend par to go to: il a été voir son ami = he's gone to see his friend; j'ai été manger au restaurant = I went to eat in the restaurant

Dans le sens de s'en aller, on notera les tournures recherchées: ils s'en furent au théâtre = they went to the theatre; ils s'en furent (déçus) = they left (disappointed)

c'est

interrogation

est-ce, ou sa variante plus familière c'est, se traduit généralement par is it: est-ce leur fils/voiture? = is it their son/car?; c'est grave? = is it serious?; c'est toi ou ton frère? = is it you or your brother?

Quand ce garde sa valeur démonstrative, l'anglais précise la référence: est-ce clair? = is that clear?; qui est-ce? ( en montrant une personne) = who is he/she?; et aussi = who is that?; mais, en parlant de quelqu'un qui vous appelle au téléphone, ou à quelqu'un qui frappe à la porte: = who is it?

est-ce n'est généralement pas traduit dans les tournures emphatiques ou permettant d'éviter l'inversion du sujet: est-ce que tu parles russe? = do you speak Russian?; est-ce leur fils, ce garçon? is this boy their son?; qui est-ce qui l'a fait? = who did it?; qui est-ce que tu as rencontré? = who did you meet?; quand/où est-ce que tu manges? = when/where do you eat?; qu'est-ce que c'est? = what is it?, ou, comme vu plus haut, = what is this/that? selon qu'on montre un objet proche ou éloigné

Néanmoins, la tournure emphatique est également possible en anglais dans certaines expressions: qu'est-ce que j'entends? = what's this I hear?; est-ce bien ce qu'il a voulu dire? = is that what he really meant?

affirmation

c'est se traduit, selon les contextes, it is ( it's), this is, that is ( that's): c'est facile ( de critiquer) = it's easy; (ce que tu me demandes, ce travail) = that's easy; c'est moi (réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's me; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = I do; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = I did; (pour me désigner sur une photo, ou comme étant le personnage dont il est question) = that's me ( traduit également ça, c'est moi); c'est Mme Fox (qui téléphone, réponse à ‘qui est-ce?’) = it's Mrs Fox; (réponse à ‘qui le fait?’) = Mrs Fox ou Mrs Fox does; (réponse à ‘qui l'a fait?’) = Mrs Fox did; (que je montre, dont vous voulez parler) = that's Mrs Fox; c'est eux, ce sont eux (qui sont là-bas, que je montre) = it's them; ( qui le font) = they do; ( qui l'ont fait) = they did; ( qui arrivent) = here they are; ce sont mes enfants ( que je vous présente) = these are my children; ( qui sont là-bas) = they are my children; c'est cela = that's right; c'est ça! tu crois que je vais faire le travail tout seul? = what's this! do you think I'm going to do the work all by myself?

Lorsqu'il reprend un nom, un infinitif ou une proposition qui le précède c'est se traduit seulement par is: une étoile, c'est un réacteur nucléaire = a star is a nuclear reactor; réussir, c'est une question de volonté = to succeed is a question of will; sortir par ce temps, c'est de la folie = going out in this weather is sheer madness; eux, ce sont mes amis = they are my friends

De même, lorsque c'est que reprend un groupe nominal ou une proposition, il se traduit simplement par is that: le comique, c'est que... = the funny thing is that... On trouvera en général cette tournure sous l'entrée appropriée, comme comique, fort, importer etc

Lorsque c'est que sert à donner une explication il se rend généralement, et selon le temps, par it is that, it was that, mais aussi, pour insister sur l'explication, par it is/was because: si j'ai fait ça, c'est que je ne pouvais pas faire autrement = if I did that, it was because I couldn't do otherwise. ce n'est pas que se traduit la plupart du temps it is/was not that (la contraction est it's not plutôt que it isn't): ce n'est pas qu'il soit bête, mais... = it's not that he is stupid, but...

En corrélation avec un pronom relatif, c'est peut soit garder sa valeur de présentatif (voir plus haut) et se rendre par that's: c'est le journaliste qui m'a interviewé/que nous avons rencontré/dont je te parlais = that's the journalist who interviewed me/(that) we met/I was telling you about; c'est le château où je suis né = that's the castle where I was born; c'est ce qui me fait croire que... = that's what makes me think that...; c'est justement ce que je disais = that's exactly what I was saying; soit constituer une tournure emphatique qui se rend en anglais selon la nuance: c'est de la même femme que nous parlons = we're talking about the same woman; c'était d'en parler devant elle qui me gênait = talking about it in front of her was what made me feel uneasy ou what made me feel uneasy was talking about it in front of her; c'est lui/Paul qui l'a cassé ( je le dénonce) = he/Paul broke it; ( je l'accuse) = he/Paul is the one who broke it; c'est mon frère qui l'a écrit = it was my brother who wrote it ou my brother's the one who wrote it; c'est de ta soeur que je parlais, pas de toi = it was your sister I was talking about, not you; c'est cette voiture qui m'intéresse = this is the car (that) I am interested in; c'est lui le coupable = he is the culprit; ce sont eux les meurtriers = they are the murderers

c'est à suivi d'un infinitif se traduit parfois par it is suivi de l'adjectif correspondant si cette même transformation est possible en français ( c'est à désespérer = c'est désespérant = it's hopeless), mais c'est rare, et il est conseillé de se reporter à l'infinitif en question ou à l'un des autres termes obtenus à partir de transformations semblables

c'est à... de faire (ou parfois à faire) se traduira de deux manières: c'est à Pierre/lui de choisir ( c'est son tour) it's Pierre's/his turn to choose; ( c'est sa responsabilité) it's up to Pierre/to him to choose

La notion de rivalité contenue dans c'est à qui suivi du futur doit être rendue explicite en anglais: c'est à qui proposera le plus de réformes = each is trying to suggest more reforms than the other; c'était à qui des deux aurait le dernier mot = they were each trying to get in the last word; c'était à qui trouverait le plus d'erreurs dans le texte = they were vying with each other to find the most mistakes in the text

c'est, équivalent de ça fait dans le compte d'une somme, se rend par it is: c'est 200 francs = it's 200 francs; c'est combien? = how much is it?

ce sera avec valeur modale de ce doit être se traduit it must be: ce sera mon professeur de piano = it must be my piano teacher

être = verbe impersonnel

il est facile de critiquer = it is easy to criticize; il serait nécessaire de faire = it would be necessary to do; il est des gens bizarres = there are some strange people; il n'est pas de jour/d'heure sans qu'il se plaigne = not a day/an hour goes by without him complaining

On se référera par ailleurs aux notes d'usage concernant l'heure et la date; voir aussi les entrées temps et fois

il est à suivi d'un infinitif se rend différemment, selon les nuances qu'imposent le contexte, par it must be, it has to be, it should be, it can be suivis du participe passé. Pour plus de sûreté, on se reportera à l'infinitif en question, où cette construction est généralement traitée

il est de suivi d'un substantif ou d'un groupe nominal se rend souvent par it is suivi directement d'un adjectif ou d'un substantif précédé d'un déterminant (article, pronom): il est de coutume de faire (ou qu'on fasse) = it is customary ou the custom to do; il est de notre responsabilité de faire = it is our responsibility to do; mais ce n'est pas une règle absolue, et il est préférable de consulter des entrées telles que goût, règle, notoriété etc pour avoir des traductions adéquates. Voir également 1 Voir également 1 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

Emplois avec en

en être

Certains cas sont traités sous la rubrique ‘être = verbe impersonnel’; d'autres, expressions figées, le sont sous l'entrée appropriée; voir par exemple poche et frais pour en être de sa poche/pour ses frais. Enfin, quand l'antéc édent de en est exprimé dans la phrase, l'expression est traitée plus bas sous être de: où en étais-je? = where was I?; je ne sais plus où j'en suis = I'm lost; où en es-tu de tes recherches? - j'en suis à mi-chemin/au début = how far have you got in your research? - I'm halfway through/at the beginning; elle a eu plusieurs amants/accidents: elle en est à son quatrième = she has had several lovers/accidents: this is her fourth; j'en suis à me demander si... = I'm beginning to wonder whether...; j'en étais à ne pouvoir distinguer le vrai du faux = I got to the point where I couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood

être en

Suivie d'un substantif représentant un vêtement, l'expression peut être traduite to be in, mais on consultera l'entrée appropriée pour s'en assurer. Si l'on dit to be in uniform ou éventuellement to be wearing a uniform pour être en uniforme, l'anglais préfère généralement to be wearing a suit à to be in a suit pour être en costume (de même pour robe, tailleur etc). Dans le cas d'un déguisement, on a to be dressed up as: être en pirate = to be dressed up as a pirate

emplois avec y

j'y suis ( je vous comprends) = I'm with you; ( plus général mais un peu familier) = I get it; je n'y suis pas ( je ne comprends pas) = I don't get it; vous y êtes? (vous comprenez?) = are you with me?; (vous êtes prêt(e)?) = are you ready?; 20000 francs? vous n'y êtes pas! = 20,000 francs? you're a long way out!; tu n'y es pas, c'est plus compliqué que ça = you don't realize, it's a lot more complicated than that. Voir aussi les entrées y, adverbe de lieu, et pour

être + prépositions

La plupart des cas ( être dans, sur, devant, pour, après, avec etc) sont traités sous la préposition correspondante. Ne sont retenus ici que les cas particuliers de être à et être de

être à

Les cas où l'on peut faire l'ellipse de être ou le remplacer par un autre verbe sont traités sous la préposition à; ceux de en être à sous la rubrique ‘en être’, et ceux de c'est à sous la rubrique ‘c'est’

Les emplois de être à suivi d'un groupe nominal et signifiant ‘tendre vers’ sont généralement traités sous le substantif approprié, comme temps, hausse, agonie etc dans les expressions le temps est à la pluie, être à la hausse, être à l'agonie. De même, quand être à signifie un état, c'est sous le substantif ou adjectif approprié, comme bout, disposition, quai, vif etc, qu'on trouvera la ou les traductions de l'expression correspondante

Suivi d'un infinitif et signifiant devoir être, être à peut généralement se traduire, en observant les mêmes nuances qu'avec devoir, par must be, have to be ou should be suivi du participe passé du verbe anglais. Il reste conseillé de consulter l'infinitif en question, comme plaindre, prendre etc. On en trouve également un traitement succint sous les rubriques ‘être = verbe impersonnel' et ‘c'est'

Au sens de appartenir à, l'anglais utilise to be suivi du cas possessif quand le possesseur est un être animé ou d'un pronom possessif si celui-ci est représent é par un pronom objet. Si le cas possessif n'est pas d'usage, on utilise de préférence to belong to: ce livre est à moi/à mon frère = this book is mine/my brother's; ces dictionnaires sont au service de traduction = these dictionaries belong to the translation department; à qui est ce chien? = who does this dog belong to? ou whose dog is this? Voir 2 ci-dessous pour des exemples supplémentaires

être de

Quand elle exprime un état ou une situation, la tournure être de suivie d'un substantif sans déterminant est traduite sous le substantif en question, notamment avis, garde, service etc. De même, certaines expressions où la présence de déterminant est variable, comme dans être de mauvaise foi/d'une incroyable mauvaise foi sont traitées sous l'entrée appropriée, en l'occurrence, foi; voir aussi humeur, massacrante, poil etc

La construction être d'un/d'une suivie d'un adjectif substantivé ou d'un substantif exprimant une qualité ou un défaut peut généralement être rendue par to be so suivi de l'adjectif correspondant en anglais, si le substantif est seul: elle est d'un ridicule/d'une prétention! = she's so ridiculous/so pretentious!; si le substantif est qualifié, l'adjectif devient généralement un adverbe en anglais: il est d'une exquise courtoisie/d'une incompétence rare = he's exquisitely courteous/exceptionally incompetent; mais il n'est pas inutile de vérifier les traductions des adjectifs et substantifs à leur entrée avant de rendre cette construction

Au sens de participer à, faire partie de, la tournure être de se traduit de façon très variable (voir aussi partie): il est des nôtres ( il vient avec nous) = he's with us; (il est de notre clan, agit et pense comme nous) = he's one of us; serez-vous des nôtres? = will you be (coming) with us?; êtes-vous des nôtres? = are you coming with us? (ici, coming est nécessaire, pour éviter l'ambiguïté de are you with us?); les journalistes ne sont pas/ne seront pas du voyage = the journalists aren't coming/won't be coming on the trip; ils ont organisé une expédition mais je n'en étais pas = they organized an expedition but I wasn't part of it; il y avait un congrès mais il n'en était pas = there was a congress but he didn't take part

Suivi d'un infinitif et précédé de noms abstraits avec l'article défini ( l'idéal, l'essentiel etc) ou de superlatifs ( le plus simple), être de se traduit généralement par to be suivi de l'infinitif avec to: le plus simple serait de tout recommencer = the simplest thing to do would be to start all over again

* * *
ɛtʀ
1. nm

being

être humain — human being

2. vb (avec attribut)

1) (état, description) to be

Il est instituteur. — He's a teacher.

Vous êtes grand. — You're tall.

Vous êtes fatigué. — You're tired.

Je suis heureux. — I'm happy.

C'est moi! — It's me!

2) (appartenance)

être à qn — to be sb's, to belong to sb

Ce livre est à Paul. — This book is Paul's., This book belongs to Paul.

C'est à moi. — It's mine.

C'est à eux. — It's theirs.

C'est à lui de le faire. — It's up to him to do it.

3) (origine)

être de — to be from

Il est de Paris. — He is from Paris.

Il est des nôtres. — He is one of us.

4) (obligation, but)

être à (+ infinitif) C'est à réparer. — It needs repairing.

C'est à essayer. — You should try it.

Il est à espérer que... — It is to be hoped that...

3. vi

1) (= se trouver) to be

Je ne serai pas ici demain. — I won't be here tomorrow.

2) (date)

Nous sommes le 10 janvier. — It's the 10th of January., Today is the 10th of January.

3) (= faire partie) to be

être de ceux qui... — to be one of those who...

Il voulait en être. — He wanted to be part of it.

4) (= exister) to be

être ou ne pas être... — to be or not to be...

5) (autres locutions)

en être à qch (= avoir atteint) — to have got to sth, to have got as far as sth, (= être réduit à) to be reduced to sth

Nous en étions au dessert. — We had got to the dessert., We had got as far as dessert.

Il en est à faire des ménages pour vivre. — He's been reduced to doing cleaning jobs to earn a living.

en être pour ses frais — to get nothing for one's trouble

4. vb aux

1) (dans verbes composés) to have

être arrivé — to have arrived

être allé — to have gone

Il est parti. — He has left., He has gone.

Il n'est pas encore arrivé. — He hasn't arrived yet.

2) (forme passive) to be

être fait par — to be made by

Il a été promu. — He has been promoted.

5. vb impers

1) (avec attribut)

il est... — it is...

Il est impossible de le faire. — It's impossible to do it.

2) (pour dire l'heure)

Il est 10 heures. — It's 10 o'clock.

See:

est-ce que,

n'est-ce pas,

c'est-à-dire,

ce

* * *

I.

être ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: être vi

1 il n'est pas jusqu'à l'Antarctique qui ne soit pollué even the Antarctic is polluted; il en est de Pierre comme de Paul it is the same with Pierre as with Paul; voilà ce qu'il en est ( présentation) this is how it is; ( conclusion) that's how it is; il n'en est rien this isn't at all the case; il en sera toujours ainsi it will always be so; il en a été de même it was the same; qu'en est-il de…? what's the news on…?;

2 je suis à vous tout de suite/dans un instant I'll be with you right away/in a minute; je suis à vous I'm all yours; être à ce qu'on fait to have one's mind on what one is doing; elle est toujours à se plaindre she's always complaining;

3 il n'est plus euph he's no longer with us; ce temps n'est plus those days are gone; ces traditions ne sont plus these traditions are things of the past; fût-il duc/en cristal even if he were a duke/it were made of crystal, even were he a duke/were it made of crystal; n'était leur grand âge were it not for their advanced age, if it were not for their advanced age; ne serait-ce qu'en faisant if only by doing; ne fût-ce que pour la soulager/qu'un instant if only to relieve her/for a moment; fût-ce pour des raisons humanitaires if only on humanitarian grounds.

Idiome

on ne peut pas être et avoir été Prov you can't stay young forever.

II.

être nm

1 ( organisme vivant) being; être humain/vivant/surnaturel human/living/supernatural being; les êtres animés et inanimés animate and inanimate things; les êtres et les choses living things and objects; un être sans défense a defenceless^GB creature; ces plantes sont des êtres inférieurs these plants are inferior life-forms;

2 ( personne) person; un être d'exception an exceptional person; un être faible et timoré a weak and timorous person; les êtres qui doutent people who doubt; l'amitié entre deux êtres friendship between two people; un être cher or aimé a loved one; ce sont des êtres simples they're simple beings ou souls; son mari est un être sensible her husband is a sensitive soul;

3 ( nature intime) being; de tout son être [détester, souhaiter] with one's whole being; au fond de son être, elle savait que in the core of her being, she knew that; blessé au plus profond de son être hurt to the core; les êtres contradictoires qui vous habitent the conflicting selves within you;

4 Philos l'être being.

I

[ɛtr] nom masculin

1. BIOLOGIE & PHILOSOPHIE being

l'être PHILOSOPHIE being

être humain human being

être de raison rational being

être vivant living thing

2. RELIGION

l'être éternel ou infini ou suprême the Supreme Being

3. [personne] person

un être cher a loved one

4. [cœur, âme] being, heart, soul

je le crois de tout mon être I believe it with all my heart

II

[ɛtr] verbe intransitif

A.[EXPRIME L'EXISTENCE, LA RÉALITÉ]

1. [exister] to be, to exist

ne nie pas ce qui est don't deny the facts

si Dieu est if God exists

si cela est if (it is) so

mon fils n'est plus (littéraire) my son is no more (littéraire) ou has died ou passed away

la nounou la plus patiente qui soit the most patient nanny that ever was ou in the world

le plus petit ordinateur qui soit the tiniest computer ever

être ou ne pas être to be or not to be

on ne peut pas être et avoir été you only live once

2. MATHÉMATIQUES

soit une droite AB let AB be a straight line

B.[RELIE L'ATTRIBUT, LE COMPLÉMENT AU SUJET]

1. [suivi d'un attribut] to be

elle est professeur she's a teacher

je ne te le prêterai pas! — comment ou comme tu es! (familier) I won't lend it to you! — you see what you're like!

je suis comme je suis I am what I am

Bruno/ce rôle est tout pour moi Bruno/this part means everything to me

elle n'est plus rien pour lui she no longer matters to him

elle n'est plus ce qu'elle était she's not what she used to be

qui était-ce? who was it?

2. [suivi d'une préposition]

être à [se trouver à]: être à l'hôpital to be in hospital

je suis à la gare I'm at the station

cela fait longtemps que je ne suis plus à Paris I left Paris a long time ago

j'y suis, j'y reste here I am and here I stay

je n'y suis pour personne

a. [à la maison] I'm not at home for anyone

b. [au bureau] I won't see anybody

je suis à vous dans un instant I'll be with you in a moment

je suis à vous [je vous écoute] I'm all yours

la Sardaigne est au sud de la Corse Sardinia is (situated) south of Corsica

tout le monde est à la page 15/au chapitre 9? is everybody at page 15/chapter 9?

vous êtes (bien) au 01.40.06.24.08 this is 01 40 06 24 08

nous ne sommes qu'au début du tournoi the tournament has just started

être à [appartenir à]: ce livre est à moi the book's mine

être à [être occupé à]: il est tout à son travail he's busy with his work

être à [être en train de]: il est toujours à me questionner he's always asking me questions

être de [provenir de] to be from, to come from

être de [dater de]: l'église est du XVI^e the church is from ou dates back to the 16th century

la lettre est du 12 the letter's dated the 12th

les œufs sont d'hier the eggs were laid yesterday

être de [appartenir à] to belong to, to be a member of

Bruno est de sa famille Bruno is a member of her family ou is a relative of hers

être de [participer à]: je suis de mariage le mois prochain I've got (to go to) a wedding next month

qui est de corvée de vaisselle? who's on washing-up duty?

être de [se joindre à]: acceptez-vous d'être (un) des nôtres? would you care to join us?

être en [lieu]: être en prison/en France to be in prison/in France

être en [matériau]: la table est en chêne the table is made of oak

être en [pour exprimer l'état]: être en bonne santé to be in good health

les dossiers qui sont en attente the pending files

être sans: vous n'êtes pas sans savoir que... I'm sure you're aware that...

en être à: le projet n'en est qu'au début the project has only just started

où en es-tu avec Michel? how is it going with Michel?

j'en suis au moment où il découvre le trésor I've got to the part ou the bit where he discovers the treasure

où en étais-je? [après une interruption dans une conversation] where was I ?

où en sont les travaux? how's the work coming along?

en être à faire quelque chose: j'en suis à me demander si... I'm beginning to wonder if...

tu en es encore à lui chercher des excuses! — oh non, je n'en suis plus là! you're still trying to find excuses for him! — oh no, I'm past that!

ne plus savoir où l'on en est: je ne sais plus du tout où j'en suis dans tous ces calculs I don't know where I am any more with all these calculations

j'ai besoin de faire le point, je ne sais plus où j'en suis I've got to take stock, I've completely lost track of everything

y être [être prêt]: tout le monde y est? is everyone ready?

y être [comprendre]: tu te souviens bien de Marie, une petite brune! — ah, oui, j'y suis maintenant! but you must remember Marie, a brunette! — oh yes, I'm with you now!

je n'y suis pas du tout! I'm lost!

mais non, vous n'y êtes pas du tout! you don't understand!

en être (familier) , être de ceux-là (familier) [être homosexuel] to be one of them

3. [dans l'expression du temps] to be

nous sommes le 8/jeudi today is the 8th/Thursday

quel jour sommes-nous? what day is it today?

on était en avril it was April

C.[SUBSTITUT DE ALLER, PARTIR] to go

tu y as déjà été? have you already been there?

elle s'en fut lui porter la lettre (littéraire) she went to take him the letter

————————

[ɛtr] verbe impersonnel

1. [exister]

il est [il y a] (suivi d'un singulier) there is

(suivi d'un pluriel) there are

il était une fois un prince... once (upon a time) there was a prince...

s'il en est: un escroc s'il en est a crook if ever there was one

2. [pour exprimer l'heure]

il est 5 h it's 5 o'clock

quelle heure est-il? what time is it?

3. (soutenu & locution)

il en est ainsi de toutes les démocraties that's how it is in all democracies

on a dit que vous vouliez démissionner — il n'en est rien it was rumoured you wanted to resign — that's not true

il n'est que de: il n'est que de lire les journaux pour s'en rendre compte you only have to read the newspapers to be aware of it

————————

[ɛtr] verbe auxiliaire

1. [sert à former les temps composés]

je suis/j'étais descendu I came/had come down

serais-tu resté? would you have stayed?

2. [sert à former le passif]

des arbres ont été déterrés par la tempête trees were uprooted during the storm

3. [sert à exprimer une obligation]

ce dossier est à préparer pour lundi the file must be ready for Monday

cela est à prouver we have no proof of that yet

cela étant locution adverbiale

[dans ces circonstances] things being what they are

[cela dit] having said that

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > être

49 itzultzaile

iz.

1. ( hizkuntzei d.)

a. translator; euskal \itzultzaileak Basque translators; itzultzailea itzaltzaile tratutore traidore

b. [ izenen aurrean ] translator's, translation-; \itzultzaile-eskola translation school

2. ( bihurtzailea) restitutor, one who gives back io. returning

Euskara Ingelesa hiztegiaren > itzultzaile

50 itzultze

iz.

1.

a. return, coming, back

b. ( etxera) homecoming

2. return, restitution

3. day's march

4. ( hizkuntzei d.)

a. translating, translation

b. [ izenen aurrean ] \itzultze-lan translation work

Euskara Ingelesa hiztegiaren > itzultze

51 kiedy

Ⅰ pron. 1. (pytajny) when
- kiedy wrócisz? when will you be back?

- kiedy jest koncert? when is the concert?

- kiedy kupiłeś ten samochód? when did you buy the car?

- nie pamiętam, kiedy go ostatni raz widziałem I don’t remember when I last saw him

- nie zauważyłem, kiedy wszedł I didn’t notice when he came in

- od kiedy since when, (for) how long

- wiem, że on mnie zdradza, ale nie wiem, od kiedy I know he’s unfaithful to me, but I don’t know since when

- od kiedy to z ciebie taki znawca? iron. since when have you been such an expert? iron.

- „od kiedy się znacie?” – „od roku” ‘how long have you known each other?’ – ‘for a year’

- od kiedy ci mówię, żebyś się ustatkował! how long have I been telling you to settle down!

- do kiedy until when, by when

- do kiedy obowiązywał ten zakaz? until when was this ban in force?, how long was this ban in force (for)?

- „biorę urlop” – „od kiedy do kiedy?” ‘I’m taking some leave’ – ‘from when until when?’

- do kiedy skończysz tłumaczenie? when will you finish the translation (by)?

- na kiedy to ma być gotowe? when does it have to be ready (by)?

- nie wiem, na kiedy są te bilety I don’t know when a. which day these tickets are for

- kiedy to się wraca do domu! już prawie północ what time do you call this for getting in? – it’s almost midnight pot.
2. (względny) (w trakcie) as, while; (po) when
- kula dosięgnęła go w chwili, kiedy wsiadał do samochodu the bullet hit him as a. when he was getting into the car

- kiedy oglądali mecz, ktoś zadzwonił do drzwi as a. while they were watching the match, someone rang the bell

- przyjdę po ciebie, kiedy skończę pracę I’ll call for you when I finish work

- od kiedy go poznała, wiele zmieniło się w jej życiu her life has changed a great deal since she met him

- kiedy się porówna programy obu partii, to... if a. when you compare the programmes of the two parties...

- wtedy, kiedy when

- zawsze włącza radio wtedy, kiedy chcę sobie poczytać he always turns the radio on when I want to read

- w dniu, kiedy... on the day when...

- zimą, kiedy jest mróz in winter, when there are sub-zero temperatures

- teraz, kiedy... now that...

- teraz, kiedy najgorsze jest już za nami now that the worst is behind us

- kiedy tylko (zaraz jak) as soon as; (kiedykolwiek) whenever

- kiedy tylko przyszedł, zabrał się do sprzątania as soon as he came, he started cleaning

- kiedy tylko mam czas, chodzę na spacery whenever I have (the) time, I go for walks
3. pot. (nieokreślony) some time, one day; (w pytaniu) ever
- zabierz mnie kiedy ze sobą take me with you some time a. one day

- widziałeś go kiedy? have you ever seen him?
Ⅱ conj. 1. (tymczasem) when, whereas; (jednak) when, if
- dyskutują, kiedy tu trzeba szybko podjąć decyzję they’re talking all the time, when what we need is a quick decision

- dużo zarabia, cóż, kiedy wszystko przepuszcza he earns a lot, but what of it if a. when he blows it all? pot.
2. pot. (skoro) if, when
- kiedy jesteś taki ciekawy, to... if you really want to know,... iron.

- jak mam się uczyć, kiedy nie mam tej książki how am I to study when a. if I haven’t got the book?

- „miałeś posprzątać w swoim pokoju” – „kiedy już posprzątałem” ‘you were supposed to tidy up your room’ – ‘but I’ve already done it’

■ kiedy indziej some other time

- kiedy niekiedy now and then, from time to time

- mało a. rzadko kiedy rarely, hardly ever

- rzadko kiedy są tu takie tłumy it’s rare for there to be such a crowd here

- (on) rzadko kiedy pisze he hardly ever writes

* * *
1. pron
when
2. conj
when, as; ( podczas gdy) while

kiedy wrócisz? — when will you be back?

od kiedy? — since when?

kiedy bądź — any time

kiedy indziej — some other time

kiedy tylko miałem okazję — whenever I had a chance

kiedy tylko wstałem, on usiadł — as soon as I stood up, he sat down

teraz, kiedy jesteśmy razem... — now that we are together...

czytała kiedy wszedłem — she was reading when I came in

nie wiem, kiedy to się stało — I don't know when it happened

* * *

kiedy

adv.

when; kiedy się zobaczymy? when do we meet next?; kiedy bądź whenever, any time; kiedy indziej some other time; kiedy tylko as soon as; rzadko kiedy hardly ever; od kiedy? since when?; do kiedy? till when?; na kiedy? by when?

conj.

1. (= gdy) when; kiedy już byłem gotowy when I was (finally) ready, once ready; spałem już, kiedy zadzwonił telefon I was sleeping, when the phone rang.

2. (= skoro) as, since; kiedy już zdecydowałeś się na ten wyjazd, nie zapomnij o ubezpieczeniu as you decided to take this trip, don't forget about the insurance.

3. (= podczas gdy) while.

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > kiedy

52 bastante

adj.

1 enough (suficiente).

no tengo dinero bastante I haven't got enough money

2 a lot of, sufficient, enough, plenty of.

adv.

1 quite, pretty (considerablemente).

es bastante fácil it's pretty o quite easy

bastante mejor quite a lot better

me gustó bastante I enjoyed it quite a lot

2 a lot, very much, a great deal.

pron.

enough, a good deal, a lot, a sufficient quantity.

* * *

bastante

► adjetivo

1 enough, sufficient

■ ¿tienes bastante dinero? have you got enough money?

2 (abundante) quite a lot of

■ había bastante gente there were quite a lot of people

► adverbio

1 enough

■ son lo bastante ricos como para poder permitírselo they're rich enough to be able to afford it

2 (un poco) fairly, quite

■ es bastante alto it's fairly high

■ nada bastante bien she swims quite well

■ está bastante lejos it's quite a long way

3 (tiempo) some time, quite a while

■ hace bastante que no lo veo I haven't seen him for some time

* * *
1. adv.
1) enough, sufficiently

2) quite, rather
2. pron.
enough
3. adj.
1) enough, sufficient

2) quite a lot of

3) quite a few

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=suficiente) enough ( para for)

hay bastante sitio para todos — there is enough room for everyone

¿no tienes ya bastantes? — haven't you got enough?

no había bastante público — there wasn't a big enough audience

2) (=mucho) quite a lot of, a fair amount of

han dejado bastante comida — they've left quite a lot of o a fair amount of food

hace bastante frío — it's quite cold

se marchó hace bastante rato — he left quite some time ago

la calidad deja bastante que desear — the quality leaves much to be desired

3) (=muchos) quite a lot of, quite a few

había bastantes invitados en la recepción — there were quite a lot of o quite a few guests at the reception

-¿tienes muchos cuadros? -bastantes — "do you have many paintings?" - "quite a few"

4) Méx (=demasiado) too much

2. ADV

1) (=suficiente) enough

ya has comido bastante — you've eaten enough

no tenemos bastante para ir de vacaciones — we haven't enough to go on holiday

ya tienen bastante como para que vayamos también nosotros con nuestros problemas — they've got enough on their plate already without us taking our problems along

es lo bastante alto como para alcanzarlo — he's tall enough to reach it

2) (=de forma considerable) [con verbos] quite a lot; [con adjetivos, adverbios] quite

los niños han cambiado bastante — the children have changed a fair amount o quite a lot

lo he visto bastante últimamente — I've seen a fair amount of him o quite a lot of him recently

me gusta bastante — I quite like it, I like it quite a lot

el libro está bastante bien — it's a fairly good book, it's quite a good book

estoy bastante cansado — I'm rather o quite tired

habla inglés bastante bien — she speaks quite good English, her English is quite good

vivo bastante lejos — I live quite a long way away

* * *
I
adjetivo

1) ( suficiente) enough

bastantes vasos/bastante vino — enough glasses/wine

2) ( cantidad o número considerable) plenty of, quite a lot of

había bastante gente — there were plenty of people
II
pronombre

1) ( suficiente) enough

ya tenemos bastantes — we already have enough

ya he visto bastante — I've seen enough

2) ( demasiado)

deja bastante que desear — it leaves rather a lot to be desired
III
adverbio

1) ( suficientemente) enough

no te has esforzado bastante — you haven't tried hard enough

2) ( considerablemente) (con verbos) quite a lot; (con adjetivos, adverbios) quite

le gusta bastante — she likes him quite a lot

me pareció bastante aburrido/agradable — I thought he was rather boring/quite pleasant

llegó bastante cansado — he was quite tired when he arrived

es bastante fácil de curar — it's quite o fairly easy to cure

* * *

= a good deal of, a great deal of, enough, plenty of, pretty much, substantive, plenty, a good many, numerable, fair share.

Ex. There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.

Ex. As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.

Ex. Also, the supplier with a number of clients has enough maintenance income to justify the establishment of a sound maintenance service.

Ex. There are plenty of omission failures of this sort, and they litter most of the Hennepin County Library Cataloging Bulletins.

Ex. Of course, suspicion always arises that both are weak; for where the library is a vital force, the public is usually pretty much alive to its worth.

Ex. In Zimbabwe out of the seven universities with substantive librarians in the country, six of them were headed by women.

Ex. One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.

Ex. A good many heavily gilt retailers' bindings (such as the small English devotional books that were sold in large numbers from the 1560s until the later seventeenth century) were indeed intended to look expensive while really being cheaply executed.

Ex. During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.

Ex. Some librarians complain that they are not getting a fair share of these funds.

----

* ayudar bastante a = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* bastante + Adjetivo = fairly + Adjetivo, pretty + Adjetivo, rather + Adjetivo, reasonably + Adjetivo.

* bastante bien = good enough, rather well, fairly + Verbo.

* bastante desarrollado = well-developed.

* bastante extenso = longish.

* bastante general = wide-ranging [wide ranging].

* bastante grande = largish.

* bastante largo = longish.

* bastante lejos de = well away from.

* bastante malo = third rate [third-rate].

* bastante más = rather more.

* bastante para todos = enough to go round.

* bastante tiempo = ample time.

* con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.

* con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.

* dar bastante importancia a = place + great store on.

* dejar bastante que desear = leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.

* estar bastante acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.

* estar bastante alejado = be a distance apart.

* ganar bastante dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.

* lo bastante elevado = high enough.

* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.

* no lo bastante lejos = not far enough.

* Participio Pasado + bastante bueno = decently + Participio Pasado.

* que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = staff-intensive [staff intensive].

* que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].

* remontarse bastante en el tiempo = go back + a long way.

* ya es bastante = enough is enough.

* ya hace bastante tiempo = for quite a while now.

* ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.

* * *
I
adjetivo

1) ( suficiente) enough

bastantes vasos/bastante vino — enough glasses/wine

2) ( cantidad o número considerable) plenty of, quite a lot of

había bastante gente — there were plenty of people
II
pronombre

1) ( suficiente) enough

ya tenemos bastantes — we already have enough

ya he visto bastante — I've seen enough

2) ( demasiado)

deja bastante que desear — it leaves rather a lot to be desired
III
adverbio

1) ( suficientemente) enough

no te has esforzado bastante — you haven't tried hard enough

2) ( considerablemente) (con verbos) quite a lot; (con adjetivos, adverbios) quite

le gusta bastante — she likes him quite a lot

me pareció bastante aburrido/agradable — I thought he was rather boring/quite pleasant

llegó bastante cansado — he was quite tired when he arrived

es bastante fácil de curar — it's quite o fairly easy to cure

* * *

= a good deal of, a great deal of, enough, plenty of, pretty much, substantive, plenty, a good many, numerable, fair share.

Ex: There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.

Ex: As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.

Ex: Also, the supplier with a number of clients has enough maintenance income to justify the establishment of a sound maintenance service.

Ex: There are plenty of omission failures of this sort, and they litter most of the Hennepin County Library Cataloging Bulletins.

Ex: Of course, suspicion always arises that both are weak; for where the library is a vital force, the public is usually pretty much alive to its worth.

Ex: In Zimbabwe out of the seven universities with substantive librarians in the country, six of them were headed by women.

Ex: One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.

Ex: A good many heavily gilt retailers' bindings (such as the small English devotional books that were sold in large numbers from the 1560s until the later seventeenth century) were indeed intended to look expensive while really being cheaply executed.

Ex: During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.

Ex: Some librarians complain that they are not getting a fair share of these funds.

* ayudar bastante a = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* bastante + Adjetivo = fairly + Adjetivo, pretty + Adjetivo, rather + Adjetivo, reasonably + Adjetivo.

* bastante bien = good enough, rather well, fairly + Verbo.

* bastante desarrollado = well-developed.

* bastante extenso = longish.

* bastante general = wide-ranging [wide ranging].

* bastante grande = largish.

* bastante largo = longish.

* bastante lejos de = well away from.

* bastante malo = third rate [third-rate].

* bastante más = rather more.

* bastante para todos = enough to go round.

* bastante tiempo = ample time.

* con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.

* con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.

* dar bastante importancia a = place + great store on.

* dejar bastante que desear = leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.

* estar bastante acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.

* estar bastante alejado = be a distance apart.

* ganar bastante dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.

* lo bastante elevado = high enough.

* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.

* no lo bastante lejos = not far enough.

* Participio Pasado + bastante bueno = decently + Participio Pasado.

* que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = staff-intensive [staff intensive].

* que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].

* remontarse bastante en el tiempo = go back + a long way.

* ya es bastante = enough is enough.

* ya hace bastante tiempo = for quite a while now.

* ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.

* * *

bastante¹ [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

adjective

A (suficiente) enough

¿tenemos bastantes vasos/bastante vino? do we have enough glasses/wine?

B (una cantidad o un número considerable) plenty of

compra bastantes aceitunas buy plenty of olives

necesita bastante sal it needs plenty of o quite a lot of salt

nos dio bastantes ejemplos he gave us plenty of o quite a lot of o quite a few examples

bastante²

pronoun

A (en cantidad o número suficiente) enough

vámonos, ya he visto bastante let's go, I've seen enough

ya tenemos bastantes we already have enough

B

(en cantidad o número considerable): la traducción deja bastante que desear the translation leaves rather a lot to be desired

bastante³ [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

adverb

A (suficientemente) enough

no te has esforzado bastante you haven't tried hard enough

el río no es lo bastante profundo the river isn't deep enough

es lo bastante fácil como para que lo pueda hacer sola it's easy enough for her to do on her own

B (considerablemente) ( con verbos) quite a lot; (con adjetivos, adverbios) quite

me ayudó bastante he gave me quite a lot of help, he helped me quite a lot

me pareció bastante aburrido/agradable I thought he was rather boring/quite pleasant

llegó bastante cansado he was pretty o quite tired when he arrived

lo que tiene es bastante fácil de curar what she has is quite o fairly easy to cure

habla español bastante bien she speaks Spanish quite o pretty well

los resultados fueron bastante decepcionantes the results were rather disappointing

* * *

bastante adjetivo
a) ( suficiente) enough;

◊ bastantes vasos/bastante vino enough glasses/wine

b) ( cantidad considerable) plenty of, quite a lot of;

◊ había bastante gente/bastantes coches there were plenty of people/cars

■ pronombre
1 ( suficiente) enough;
◊ ya tenemos bastantes we already have enough

2 ( demasiado):
◊ deja bastante que desear it leaves rather a lot to be desired

■ adverbio
1 ( suficientemente) enough;
◊ no te has esforzado bastante you haven't tried hard enough

2 ( considerablemente) ( con verbos) quite a lot;
(con adjetivos, adverbios) quite;
◊ le gusta bastante she likes him quite a lot;

me pareció bastante agradable/aburrido I thought he was quite pleasant/rather boring
bastante
I adjetivo
1 (suficiente) enough: ¿tenéis bastantes mantas?, do you have enough blankets?
bastante dinero/azúcar, enough money/sugar
2 (en abundancia) quite a lot of: tiene bastante valor, he's quite brave
bastantes personas, quite a lot of people
II adverbio
1 (suficiente) enough: nunca tiene bastante, it's never enough for her
es lo bastante inteligente como para..., he's clever enough to...
2 (muy, mucho) fairly, quite: conduces bastante bien, you drive rather well
es una película bastante buena, it's quite a good film
viaja bastante, she travels quite often ➣ Ver nota en quite
1) Cuando quieres decir suficiente, debes usar la palabra enough, que se coloca detrás de un adjetivo o adverbio, pero delante de un sustantivo: Tengo bastante dinero. I have enough money. No es bastante grande. It's not big enough.
Recuerda que nunca puedes usar enough cuando bastante significa muy: Este libro es bastante (muy) interesante. This book is very interesting. Hace bastante calor. It's very hot.
2) Cuando quieres decir abundante, puedes emplear la palabra quite, pero también:
fairly: bastante pero no suficiente
pretty: más o mejor de lo esperado (informal)
rather: más o mejor de lo esperado (formal)
En una escala de nada a muy, el orden sería: not-fairly-quite-rather/pretty-very.
Quite se coloca delante de a/an + sustantivo
pretty y fairly entre a/an y el sustantivo, y rather en ambas posiciones: It's quite/ rather a nice day today o it's a pretty/fairly/rather nice day today. Hoy es un día bastante agradable.
En la comparación sólo puedes emplear rather: It's rather warmer today. Hoy hace bastante más calor.
Con un verbo sólo podemos usar quite o rather: I rather/ quite liked it. Me gustó bastante.
' bastante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abundante
- animosidad
- apolillada
- apolillado
- chillón
- chillona
- decente
- dentro
- descreída
- descreído
- desear
- destreza
- eufórica
- eufórico
- excitable
- informal
- lucir
- miedosa
- miedoso
- ordinaria
- ordinario
- parecerse
- pedestre
- pequeña
- pequeño
- potable
- rancia
- rancio
- reparación
- suficiente
- tonta
- tonto
- adelantado
- alto
- creer
- defender
- guisar
- hombre
- para
English:
accurately
- aspect
- by
- carefree
- close
- considerably
- deal
- decent
- draw on
- enough
- explode
- fairly
- have
- lengthy
- livable
- morale
- near
- OK
- okay
- pretty
- quite
- rather
- reasonable
- reasonably
- some
- sufficient
- sufficiently
- tolerably
- warm
- way
- bit
- considerable
- decently
- desire
- fair
- good
- nice
- nip
- ropey
- rough
- shape
- stock
- well
- while

* * *

bastante

♦ adj

1. [suficiente] enough;

no tengo dinero bastante I haven't got enough money;

no es lo bastante ancha para que entre el piano it's not wide enough to get the piano through

2. [mucho]
tengo bastante frío I'm quite o pretty cold;

tienen bastante dinero they're quite o pretty well off;

bastantes libros quite a lot of books, a fair number of books;

tenemos bastante tiempo we have quite a lot of time

♦ adv

1. [suficientemente]
es lo bastante lista para… she's smart enough to…;

ya has hablado bastante, ahora cállate you've done enough talking, be quiet now

2. [considerablemente] [con adjetivos, adverbios] quite;
[con verbos] quite a lot;
es bastante fácil it's pretty o quite easy;

es una práctica bastante común it's quite a common practice, it's a pretty common practice;

bastante mejor quite a lot better;

me gustó bastante I enjoyed it quite a lot;

he cenado bastante I had a pretty big dinner;

desde que le operaron ha mejorado bastante he's quite a lot better o he's improved quite a lot since he had the operation

3. [con frecuencia] quite a lot;

voy bastante por ahí I go there quite a lot;

¿viajas mucho? – bastante do you do much travelling? – yes, quite a lot o a fair bit

♦ pron

éramos bastantes there were quite a few o a lot of us;

hay bastantes que piensan así there are quite a few people who share the same opinion;

queda bastante there's quite a lot left

* * *

bastante

I adj

1 enough

2 número o

cantidad considerable plenty of;

quedan bastantes plazas there are plenty of seats left

II adv con adjetivos quite, fairly;

bebe bastante she drinks quite a lot

* * *

bastante adv

1) : enough, sufficiently

he trabajado bastante: I have worked enough

2) : fairly, rather, quite

llegaron bastante temprano: they arrived quite early

bastante adj

: enough, sufficient

bastante pron

: enough

hemos visto bastante: we have seen enough

* * *

bastante¹ adj

1. (suficiente) enough

¿habrá bastante comida para todos? will there be enough food for everyone?

¿tenemos bastantes sillas? have we got enough chairs?

2. (no poco) quite a lot of

tiene bastantes problemas he's got quite a lot of problems

bastante² adv

1. (no poco) quite

en diciembre hace bastante frío it's quite cold in December

está bastante lejos it's quite a long way

2. (suficiente) enough

ya he esperado bastante I've waited long enough

bastante³ pron

1. (suficente) enough

no eches más agua a la planta, ya tiene bastante don't water the plant any more, that's enough

2. (mucho) quite a lot

no quiero cenar porque al mediodía comí bastante I don't want any dinner because I ate quite a lot at lunchtime

Spanish-English dictionary > bastante

53 presentación

f.

1 presentation, show, staging, presentment.

2 presentation, appearance, appearing, showing up.

3 introduction.

4 submission.

Presentación de un documento Submission of a document.

5 presentation, accordance, bestowal, conferral.

6 Presentacion.

* * *

presentación

► nombre femenino

1 (de un objeto, documento, etc) presentation, showing

■ la presentación del carné es imprescindible para entrar passes must be shown to allow access

■ ¿para cuándo es la presentación de la traducción? when do we have to hand in the translation?

2 (de personas) introduction

■ nuestro invitado de hoy no requiere presentación alguna our guest today needs no introduction

3 (de producto - lanzamiento) launching; (- exposición) presentation

4 PLÍTICA (a elecciones) candidature, candidacy

5 (aspecto) presentation

■ la presentación del curriculum tiene que ser excelente your CV must be extremely well presented

6 (de un programa) presentation

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

hacer las presentaciones to do the introductions

presentación en sociedad début

* * *

noun f.

1) presentation

2) debut

3) introduction

* * *

SF

1) [entre personas] introduction

tras las oportunas presentaciones — after the appropriate introductions
carta 1), tarjeta
2) (=introducción) [de personaje, proyecto] presentation; [de producto] launch, presentation; [de campaña] launch

el cantante llevó a cabo la presentación del acto — the singer presented o hosted the event

texto de presentación — introduction

presentación de modelos — fashion parade, fashion show

presentación editorial — [dentro del libro] publisher's foreword; [en contraportada] publisher's blurb

presentación en público — first public appearance, debut

presentación en sociedad — coming out, debut

3) (=concurrencia)

tras su presentación al concurso — after entering the competition

¿cuáles son los motivos de su presentación a las elecciones? — what are your reasons for standing in these elections?

4) (=llegada) turning up

su presentación en mitad de la reunión — her turning up in the middle of the meeting

no entendemos el por qué de su presentación sin avisar — we don't understand why he turned up unannounced

5) (=entrega) submission

la fecha de presentación del escrito — the date the document was submitted, the submission date of the document

la presentación del trabajo tendrá que hacerse antes del día 31 — the work must be submitted before the 31st

el plazo de presentación de solicitudes está ya cerrado — applications are no longer being accepted, the closing date for applications is now past

6) (=muestra) presentation

previa presentación de su carné de socio — on presentation of your membership card

se requiere la presentación de la invitación — invitations must be presented o shown on request

7) (=aspecto) [de persona] appearance; [de comida, producto, trabajo] presentation

se requiere buena presentación a los candidatos — candidates must be of good appearance

8) Chile (=solicitud) petition

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de personas) introduction

hizo las presentaciones — he did o made the introductions

b) ( de programa) presentation

la presentación del concurso corre a cargo de... — the competition/contest is hosted by...

c) ( primera exposición) presentation (frml), launch

la presentación del libro — the book launch

d) (muestra, entrega) presentation

hizo la presentación de credenciales — he presented his credentials

el límite de tiempo para la presentación del trabajo — the deadline for handing in the work

2) ( aspecto) presentation

la presentación de un producto — the way a product is presented

•

- presentación en sociedad

* * *

= account, display, disposition, exposition, layout, lecture, presentation, presentation, speech, submission, delivery, introduction, look and feel, debriefing, skin, rendition, rendering, rollout [roll-out], viewing, show.

Ex. In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

Ex. However, the display of the index entries differs.

Ex. Their main concern was the readable disposition of machine readable records.

Ex. Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.

Ex. Diagrammatic presentation of the layout of the collection conveniently placed, for example, near the entrance.

Ex. The staff undertake searches and enquiries for the user and educate the user by various ways, from informal discussion to fully prepared lectures.

Ex. KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.

Ex. There are two other aspects of institutions I want to consider before moving to the closing section of this presentation.

Ex. For the sake of editorial continuity, those speeches which were given at both locations (for example, Mr. Gorman's presentation) are only printed here once.

Ex. Most commercial abstracting services rely upon the refereeing procedure applied to the original document in order to eliminate insignificant and inaccurate submissions.

Ex. Just as delivery must be tuned to suit the kind of material chosen, so must the language used to tell a story.

Ex. Frequently, a tour of the library is provided for the new trustee, with introductions to available staff members.

Ex. Paperback publishers know how strong an influence the look and feel of a book can have in attracting or repelling buyers.

Ex. Students will write final essays on their search, and debriefings will be conducted in the classroom.

Ex. Skin technology in Web gateways allows systems to be personalized for grupos of users.

Ex. Librarians find this rendition of the public library story comforting, for it is quite fashionable to be identified with idealistic and humanitarian reform in this country.

Ex. It is proposed that a dictionary of personal proper names be compiled as a way to reach uniformity in the rendering of foreign personal names into Russian Cyrillic and back into the Latin alphabet.

Ex. The interview provides a behind-the-scenes look at the company's preparation for the service's official rollout in Summer 2000.

Ex. There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.

Ex. All interested parties were summoned to further cooperate for the success of the show.

----

* carta de presentación = cover letter, letter of introduction, calling card.

* claridad de presentación = clarity of presentation.

* convocatoria de presentación de artículos = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de candidaturas = call for nominations.

* convocatoria de presentación de comunicaciones = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de ponencias = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de proyectos = call for projects, project plan, call for proposals.

* convocatoria de presentación de solicitudes = call for expressions of interest.

* dispositivo de presentación visual = VDU (Visual Display Unit).

* forma de presentación = form of presentation.

* formato de presentación con identificadores = labelled format.

* formato de presentación en columnas = tabular format.

* formato de presentación en pantalla = screen display format.

* formato de presentación en papel = hard copy format.

* hacer una presentación = make + presentation, give + a talk, give + a presentation.

* hace una presentación = give + speech.

* modo de presentación visual = display device.

* nivel de presentación = level of presentation.

* página de presentación = home page [homepage].

* plazo de presentación = call for projects, call for papers.

* plazo de presentación de proyectos = call for proposals.

* portada de presentación = home page [homepage].

* presentación anticipada = preview.

* presentación circular de títulos = wrap-around.

* presentación comercial = technical presentation.

* presentación conjunta = packaging.

* presentación de diapositivas = slide show [slideshow].

* presentación de diapositivas con cinta = tape/slide show.

* presentación de informes = reporting.

* presentación de la página = page layout.

* presentación de la sobrecubierta = blurb, jacket blurb.

* presentación de libros = book talk [booktalk/book-talk].

* presentación de uno mismo = self-presentation.

* presentación de un proyecto de manera convincente = business case.

* presentación en = commitment.

* presentación en línea = online display.

* presentación en pantalla = display, online display.

* presentación en vídeo = video display.

* presentación gráfica de términos permutados = permuted display.

* presentación mediante ordenador = computer projection.

* presentación multimedia = multimedia presentation, multimedia show.

* presentación oral = oral presentation.

* presentación sistemática = classified display.

* presentación técnica = technical presentation.

* presentación visual = visual presentation.

* relacionado con la presentación de evidencias = evidentiary.

* sesión de presentaciones informales = poster session.

* tarjeta de presentación = business card, calling card, visiting card.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de personas) introduction

hizo las presentaciones — he did o made the introductions

b) ( de programa) presentation

la presentación del concurso corre a cargo de... — the competition/contest is hosted by...

c) ( primera exposición) presentation (frml), launch

la presentación del libro — the book launch

d) (muestra, entrega) presentation

hizo la presentación de credenciales — he presented his credentials

el límite de tiempo para la presentación del trabajo — the deadline for handing in the work

2) ( aspecto) presentation

la presentación de un producto — the way a product is presented

•

- presentación en sociedad

* * *

= account, display, disposition, exposition, layout, lecture, presentation, presentation, speech, submission, delivery, introduction, look and feel, debriefing, skin, rendition, rendering, rollout [roll-out], viewing, show.

Ex: In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

Ex: However, the display of the index entries differs.

Ex: Their main concern was the readable disposition of machine readable records.

Ex: Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.

Ex: Diagrammatic presentation of the layout of the collection conveniently placed, for example, near the entrance.

Ex: The staff undertake searches and enquiries for the user and educate the user by various ways, from informal discussion to fully prepared lectures.

Ex: KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.

Ex: There are two other aspects of institutions I want to consider before moving to the closing section of this presentation.

Ex: For the sake of editorial continuity, those speeches which were given at both locations (for example, Mr. Gorman's presentation) are only printed here once.

Ex: Most commercial abstracting services rely upon the refereeing procedure applied to the original document in order to eliminate insignificant and inaccurate submissions.

Ex: Just as delivery must be tuned to suit the kind of material chosen, so must the language used to tell a story.

Ex: Frequently, a tour of the library is provided for the new trustee, with introductions to available staff members.

Ex: Paperback publishers know how strong an influence the look and feel of a book can have in attracting or repelling buyers.

Ex: Students will write final essays on their search, and debriefings will be conducted in the classroom.

Ex: Skin technology in Web gateways allows systems to be personalized for grupos of users.

Ex: Librarians find this rendition of the public library story comforting, for it is quite fashionable to be identified with idealistic and humanitarian reform in this country.

Ex: It is proposed that a dictionary of personal proper names be compiled as a way to reach uniformity in the rendering of foreign personal names into Russian Cyrillic and back into the Latin alphabet.

Ex: The interview provides a behind-the-scenes look at the company's preparation for the service's official rollout in Summer 2000.

Ex: There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.

Ex: All interested parties were summoned to further cooperate for the success of the show.

* carta de presentación = cover letter, letter of introduction, calling card.

* claridad de presentación = clarity of presentation.

* convocatoria de presentación de artículos = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de candidaturas = call for nominations.

* convocatoria de presentación de comunicaciones = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de ponencias = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de proyectos = call for projects, project plan, call for proposals.

* convocatoria de presentación de solicitudes = call for expressions of interest.

* dispositivo de presentación visual = VDU (Visual Display Unit).

* forma de presentación = form of presentation.

* formato de presentación con identificadores = labelled format.

* formato de presentación en columnas = tabular format.

* formato de presentación en pantalla = screen display format.

* formato de presentación en papel = hard copy format.

* hacer una presentación = make + presentation, give + a talk, give + a presentation.

* hace una presentación = give + speech.

* modo de presentación visual = display device.

* nivel de presentación = level of presentation.

* página de presentación = home page [homepage].

* plazo de presentación = call for projects, call for papers.

* plazo de presentación de proyectos = call for proposals.

* portada de presentación = home page [homepage].

* presentación anticipada = preview.

* presentación circular de títulos = wrap-around.

* presentación comercial = technical presentation.

* presentación conjunta = packaging.

* presentación de diapositivas = slide show [slideshow].

* presentación de diapositivas con cinta = tape/slide show.

* presentación de informes = reporting.

* presentación de la página = page layout.

* presentación de la sobrecubierta = blurb, jacket blurb.

* presentación de libros = book talk [booktalk/book-talk].

* presentación de uno mismo = self-presentation.

* presentación de un proyecto de manera convincente = business case.

* presentación en = commitment.

* presentación en línea = online display.

* presentación en pantalla = display, online display.

* presentación en vídeo = video display.

* presentación gráfica de términos permutados = permuted display.

* presentación mediante ordenador = computer projection.

* presentación multimedia = multimedia presentation, multimedia show.

* presentación oral = oral presentation.

* presentación sistemática = classified display.

* presentación técnica = technical presentation.

* presentación visual = visual presentation.

* relacionado con la presentación de evidencias = evidentiary.

* sesión de presentaciones informales = poster session.

* tarjeta de presentación = business card, calling card, visiting card.

* * *

presentación

feminine

A

1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (de personas) introduction

hizo las presentaciones he did o made the introductions, he introduced everybody

2 (de un programa) presentation

la presentación del concurso corre a cargo de Laura Soler Laura Soler hosts o presents the competition

3 (primera exposición) presentation ( frml), launch

la presentación del libro tendrá lugar esta tarde the book launch will take place this evening

se llevó a cabo la presentación pública del avión the rollout of the aircraft took place

4 (entrega) presentation

hizo la presentación de credenciales he presented his credentials

el plazo de presentación de solicitudes termina mañana tomorrow is the last day for submitting applications

el límite de tiempo para la presentación del trabajo the deadline for handing in the work

5 (acción de enseñar) presentation

admisión previa presentación de la invitación admission on presentation of invitation

B (aspecto) presentation

la presentación de un plato es tan importante como su sabor the presentation of a dish o the way a dish is presented is as important as its taste

la presentación de un producto the way a product is presented

Compuesto:

presentación en sociedad

coming out, debut

* * *

presentación sustantivo femenino ( en general) presentation;
( de personas) introduction
presentación sustantivo femenino
1 (de un programa, de pruebas, etc) presentation
2 (de un producto) launch
3 (de personas) introduction
4 (aspecto exterior) presentation, appearance
' presentación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
carta
- escanear
- agilizar
- cuidado
- en
- esmerado
- inmaculado
- poner
- tarjeta
- venir
English:
appearance
- cover letter
- covering
- intro
- introduction
- presentation
- production
- reading
- rerun
- slick
- submission
- trooping
- packaging

* * *

presentación nf

1. [aspecto exterior] presentation;

una presentación muy cuidada [de libro, plato] a very meticulous o careful presentation;
[de persona] an impeccable appearance
Comp
Informát presentación preliminar preview
2. [de dimisión] tendering;
[de tesis, pruebas, propuesta] submission; [de moción] proposal;
mañana concluye el plazo de presentación de candidaturas tomorrow is the last day for submitting applications

3. [entre personas] introduction;

ya me encargo yo de hacer las presentaciones I'll see to making the introductions

4. [de producto, persona] launch, presentation;

la presentación de un libro/disco the launch of a book/record;

la presentación del nuevo jugador tuvo lugar ayer the new player was introduced to the press for the first time yesterday

Comp
presentación en sociedad coming out, debut
5. [de programa]
la presentación del telediario corre a cargo de María Gala the news is presented o read by María Gala

* * *

presentación

f

1 presentation

2 COM launch

3 entre personas introduction

* * *

presentación nf, pl - ciones

1) : presentation

2) : introduction

3) : appearance

* * *

presentación n

1. (en general) presentation

la presentación de un regalo es importante the presentation of a gift is important

2. (de un producto) launch

la presentación de un nuevo disco the launch of a new record

Spanish-English dictionary > presentación

54 retraduire

ʀ(ə)tʀadɥiʀ vt
to translate again

* * *

retraduire verb table: conduire vtr ( de nouveau) to retranslate; ( vers la langue de départ) to translate [sth] back into the original language; retraduire du grec to translate back from the Greek.

[rətradɥir] verbe transitif

1. [texte traduit d'une autre langue] to retranslate

2. [à nouveau] to make a new translation of

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > retraduire

55 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

56 dare

1. v/t give

dare qualcosa a qualcuno give someone something, give something to someone

dare uno sguardo a qualcosa have a look at something

dammi del tu call me 'tu'

mi dia del lei address me as 'lei'

dare peso a qualcosa give weight to something

sports dare il via give the off

fig dare il via a qualcosa get something under way

2. v/i di finestra overlook (su something)

di porta lead into (su something)

fig dare nell'occhio attract attention, be noticed

3. m finance debit

dare e avere debit and credit

* * *

dare s.m. (econ.) debt, amount due; (amm.) debit, debit side: dare e avere, debit and credit; colonna del dare, debit column; in dare, on the debit side; portare una somma al dare di un conto, to carry an amount to the debit side of an account.

dare v.tr.

1 to give*: dagli un po' di pane, give him some bread; gliel'ho dato per il suo compleanno, I gave it to him for his birthday; gli hai dato la medicina?, did you give him his medicine?; gli diedero il primo premio, they gave him the first prize; dammi qualcosa da bere, give me something to drink; dare la propria vita per qlcu., to give (o sacrifice) one's life for s.o. // non so che cosa darei per saperlo!, what wouldn't I give to know! // dar via, to give away: l'ho dato via per pochi soldi, I gave it away for a song // dar fuori, to give out: dar fuori del lavoro, to give (o put) out work

2 ( pagare) to give*; to pay*: gli danno 1500 euro al mese, they pay him 1,500 euros a month; quanto ti hanno dato per quel lavoro?, how much did they give you for the job?; non gli darei due lire, I wouldn't give a penny for it

3 ( porgere) to pass: puoi darmi il sale?, can you pass me the salt, please? // in Italia si usa dare la mano per salutare, Italians shake hands when they meet

4 ( assegnare) to give*: ti hanno dato tanti compiti?, did they give you a lot of homework?; mi hanno dato tre versioni di latino e una di greco, they gave me three Latin translations and one Greek translation; mi hanno dato l'incarico di telefonare a tutti, they gave me the job of phoning everyone

5 ( concedere) to grant, to give*: gli fu dato il permesso di uscire, he was granted (o given) permission to go out

6 ( rappresentare) to put* on: all'Odeon danno l'Amleto, they are putting on (o giving) Hamlet at the Odeon; daranno tre atti unici di Pirandello la prossima stagione, they are putting on (o doing) three one-act plays by Pirandello next season

7 ( infliggere) to give*: mi ha dato un pugno, he gave me a punch; gli hanno dato vent'anni, they gave him twenty years // suo padre gliele ha date di santa ragione, his father gave him a good thrashing; i complici gliene hanno date un sacco, his accomplices beat him up

8 ( produrre) to yield; to produce; (comm.) to bear*, to yield, to bring* in: questa vigna dà poca uva, this vineyard produces very few grapes; qui la terra dà raccolti magri, here the land yields poor crops; il suo lavoro non gli dà di che vivere, his work doesn't bring him in enough to live on; quest'investimento dà il 12% all'anno, this investment bears (o yields) 12% a year

9 ( augurare) to wish, to say*: dare il buongiorno, la buonanotte a qlcu., to wish s.o. good morning, good night (o to say good morning, good night to s.o.); dare il benvenuto a qlcu., to welcome s.o.

10 ( attribuire): non gli darei più di vent'anni, I wouldn't take him for more than twenty (o I wouldn't put him down for more than twenty); non gli si dà la sua età, he doesn't look his age

11 ( denominare, qualificare) to call: mi ha dato del pigro, he called me lazy; dare del cretino a qlcu., to call s.o. an idiot // dare del 'tu' a qlcu., to be on first-name terms with s.o.

12 Spesso assume significati particolari determinati dal complemento che segue: dare in affitto, ( affittare) to let; dare in prestito, ( imprestare) to lend; dare una spinta a qlcu., ( spingere) to push s.o.; dare dei consigli, ( consigliare) to give advice; dare la disdetta, ( disdire) to give notice; dare la colpa, ( incolpare) to blame ∙ Per altre locuzioni del genere cfr. sotto i rispettivi sostantivi

◆ v. intr.

1 ( colpire) to hit* // dare nel segno, to hit the bull's-eye, (fig.) to hit the nail on the head

2 ( urtare) to bump; ( inciampare) to stumble: diede con la testa in una trave, he bumped his head on a beam; dare in un sasso, to stumble against a stone

3 ( di casa, porta ecc.) to look on to (sthg.), to open on (sthg.); to lead* into (sthg.): la porta dava sul cortile, the door led into the courtyard; le vostre finestre danno sulla piazza, your windows look on to (o open on o overlook) the square.

◘ darsi v.rifl. ( dedicarsi) to devote oneself: dare al commercio, to go into business; dare allo studio, to devote oneself to study // dare al bere, to take to drink; dare al gioco, to take to gambling

◆ v.rifl.rec. to give* each other: dare delle botte, to hit each other

◆ v.intr.pron. ( accadere) to happen: si dà il caso che io sia d'accordo, I happen to agree // può dare, maybe (o perhaps o probably): può dare che egli arrivi prima di me, he may arrive before me.

◆ FRASEOLOGIA: dare ammalato, to report sick // dare da fare, to make an effort; ( affaccendarsi) to bustle about: devi darti da fare se vuoi quel posto, you've got to do something if you want that job; valeva la pena di dare tanto da fare?, was it worth all the effort? // dare per vinto, to give in (o to give up o to throw in the sponge) // dare prigioniero, to give oneself up (o to surrender) // non dare per inteso di qlco., to turn a deaf ear to sthg. (o not to take any notice of sthg.).

* * *

1. ['dare]
vb irreg vt
1) (gen) to give, (premio, borsa di studio) to give, award

dare qc a qn — to give sb sth, give sth to sb

gli ho dato un libro — I gave him a book

gli ho dato la cartina — I gave the map to him

dammelo — give it to me

dare qc da fare a qn — to give sb sth to do

dare da mangiare/bere a qn — to give sb sth to eat/drink

dare uno schiaffo/un calcio a qn — to give sb a slap/kick, slap/kick sb

mi dai la macchina? — can I have the car?

dare a qn il permesso di fare qc — to give sb permission to do sth

gli hanno dato ordine di sparare — they gave him the order to fire

questo trucco ti dà un'aria volgare — that make-up makes you look common

ha dato sedicimila euro per la macchina — he paid sixteen thousand euros for the car

gli hanno dato 5 anni — (di prigione) they gave him 5 years

quanti anni mi dai? — how old do you think I am?

queste scene mi danno il voltastomaco — these scenes make me feel sick

dare del cretino a qn — to call sb a fool

dare la vita per qc — to give (up) one's life for sth

dare tutto se stesso a qn/qc — to give one's all to sb/sth

darsi una pettinata — to give one's hair a comb

2) (organizzare: festa, banchetto) to hold, give, (spettacolo) to perform, put on, (film) to show

danno ancora quel film? — is that film still showing?

3) (produrre: frutti, soldi) to yield, produce, (calore) to give off, (suono) to make

gli investimenti hanno dato il 10% di interesse — the investments yielded 10% interest

gli ha dato un figlio — she bore him a son

4)

dare qc per certo — to be sure of sth

dare qn per disperso — to report sb missing

dare qn per morto — to give sb up for dead

dare qc/qn per perso — to give sth/sb up for lost

dare qc per scontato — to take sth for granted

dare ad intendere a qn che... — to lead sb to believe that...

ciò mi dà da pensare — (insospettire) that gives me food for thought, (preoccupare) that worries me

non è dato a tutti di essere intelligenti — not everyone is blessed with intelligence

dar via — to give away

2. vi (aus avere)

1)

(finestra, casa: guardare) dare su — to overlook, give onto, look (out) onto

la mia finestra dà sul giardino — my window looks onto the garden

il giardino dà sulla strada — the garden faces onto the road

2)

(colore: tendere) dare su — to tend towards

un colore che dà sul verde — a greenish colour

3. vr (darsi)

darsi a — (musica, politica) to devote o.s. to

darsi al bere/al gioco — to take to drink/to gambling

darsi alla bella vita — to have a good time

darsi ammalato — to report sick

darsi prigioniero — to surrender

darsi per vinto — to give in

darsi da fare per fare qc — to go to a lot of bother to do sth

devi darti da fare — you'll have to get busy

coraggio, diamoci da fare! — come on, let's get on with it!

4. vip (darsi)

1)

può darsi — maybe, perhaps

può darsi che venga — he may come, perhaps he will come

si dà il caso che... — it so happens that...

2)

darsela a gambe — to take to one's heels

5. sm

Fin

il dare e l'avere — debits and credits pl
PAROLA CHIAVE: dare non si traduce mai con la parola inglese dare
* * *
I 1. ['dare]
verbo transitivo

1) (consegnare) to give*

dare qcs. a qcn. — to give sth. to sb., to give sb. sth.

darei qualsiasi cosa per, per fare — I'd give anything for, to do

2) (impartire) to issue, to lay* down [ ordini]; to give*, to issue [ istruzioni]; to give* [ lezioni]

3) (infliggere)

gli hanno dato sei anni — he got six years

4) (attribuire)

quanti anni mi dai? — how old do you think I am?

le danno 40 anni — she passes for 40

5) (assegnare) to give*, to present [ premio]; to set* [ compiti]

6) (causare) to give* [piacere, soddisfazione]

7) (infondere) to give* [ coraggio]

8) (porgere)

dare il braccio a qcn. — to give sb. one's arm

dare la mano a qcn. — to shake hands with sb., to shake sb.'s hand

9) (concedere) to grant [ autorizzazione]

dare a qcn. il permesso di fare — to give permission for sb. to do, to give sb. permission to do

10) (al cinema) to show* [ film]; (a teatro) to put* on [ rappresentazione]

lo danno al Rex — it's on at the Rex

a che ora danno la partita? — (in TV) what time is the match on?

11) (organizzare) to give* [ cena]; to give*, to have* [ festa]

12) (augurare)

dare il benvenuto a qcn. — to welcome sb., to bid sb. welcome

dare il buongiorno a qcn. — to bid sb. good morning

13) (considerare)

i sondaggi danno il partito laburista in testa — the polls give Labour a lead

14) (produrre) [pianta, terreno] to bear*, to yield [ frutti]; econ. to bear*, to yield, to return [ profitto]

15) (rivolgersi)

dare dello stupido, del bugiardo a qcn. — to call sb. stupid, a liar

16) dare da

dare da bere a qcn. — to give sb. a drink

dare da mangiare a qcn. — to feed sb

17) darle

darle di santa ragione a qcn. — to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing
2.
verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)

1) (affacciarsi)

dare su — [camera, finestra] to overlook, to look onto, to face [mare, strada]

2) (tendere)

dare sul verde — to be greenish
3.
verbo pronominale darsi

1) (dedicarsi) to devote oneself, to give* oneself

- rsi alla politica — to go in for politics

- rsi al bere — (abbandonarsi) to take to drink

2) (concedersi)

- rsi a un uomo — to give oneself to a man

3) (scambiarsi)

- rsi dei baci — to kiss (one another)

- rsi dei colpi — to exchange blows

••

dare addosso a qcn. — to go on o get at sb., to come down on sb.

darci dentro — to put one's back into it

darsela a gambe — to cut and run, to take to one's heels

può -rsi — maybe, perhaps

- rsi da fare — (sbrigarsi) to get a move on, to get cracking; (adoperarsi) to try hard, to get busy colloq.

- rsi malato — to report sick

- rsi per vinto — to give up
II ['dare]
sostantivo maschile debit

il dare e l'avere — debit and credit

* * *

dare¹

/'dare/ [7]

I verbo transitivo

1 (consegnare) to give*; dare qcs. a qcn. to give sth. to sb., to give sb. sth.; darei qualsiasi cosa per, per fare I'd give anything for, to do

2 (impartire) to issue, to lay* down [ ordini]; to give*, to issue [ istruzioni]; to give* [ lezioni]

3 (infliggere) gli hanno dato sei anni he got six years

4 (attribuire) quanti anni mi dai? how old do you think I am? le danno 40 anni she passes for 40

5 (assegnare) to give*, to present [ premio]; to set* [ compiti]

6 (causare) to give* [piacere, soddisfazione]

7 (infondere) to give* [ coraggio]

8 (porgere) dare il braccio a qcn. to give sb. one's arm; dare la mano a qcn. to shake hands with sb., to shake sb.'s hand

9 (concedere) to grant [ autorizzazione]; dare a qcn. il permesso di fare to give permission for sb. to do, to give sb. permission to do

10 (al cinema) to show* [ film]; (a teatro) to put* on [ rappresentazione]; lo danno al Rex it's on at the Rex; a che ora danno la partita? (in TV) what time is the match on?

11 (organizzare) to give* [ cena]; to give*, to have* [ festa]

12 (augurare) dare il benvenuto a qcn. to welcome sb., to bid sb. welcome; dare il buongiorno a qcn. to bid sb. good morning

13 (considerare) i sondaggi danno il partito laburista in testa the polls give Labour a lead

14 (produrre) [pianta, terreno] to bear*, to yield [ frutti]; econ. to bear*, to yield, to return [ profitto]

15 (rivolgersi) dare dello stupido, del bugiardo a qcn. to call sb. stupid, a liar

16 dare da dare da bere a qcn. to give sb. a drink; dare da mangiare a qcn. to feed sb.

17 darle darle di santa ragione a qcn. to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing

II verbo intransitivo

(aus. avere)

1 (affacciarsi) dare su [camera, finestra] to overlook, to look onto, to face [mare, strada]

2 (tendere) dare sul verde to be greenish

III darsi verbo pronominale

1 (dedicarsi) to devote oneself, to give* oneself; - rsi alla politica to go in for politics; - rsi al bere (abbandonarsi) to take to drink

2 (concedersi) - rsi a un uomo to give oneself to a man

3 (scambiarsi) - rsi dei baci to kiss (one another); - rsi dei colpi to exchange blows

IDIOMS

dare addosso a qcn. to go on o get at sb., to come down on sb.; darci dentro to put one's back into it; darsela a gambe to cut and run, to take to one's heels; può -rsi maybe, perhaps; - rsi da fare (sbrigarsi) to get a move on, to get cracking; (adoperarsi) to try hard, to get busy colloq.; - rsi malato to report sick; - rsi per vinto to give up.

————————

dare²

/'dare/

sostantivo m.

debit; il dare e l'avere debit and credit.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > dare

57 guardare

1. v/t look at

(osservare, stare a vedere) watch

( custodire) watch, look after

( esaminare) check

2. v/i look

( controllare) check

di finestra overlook (su something)

di porta lead (su to)

guardare a sud face south

* * *

guardare v.tr.

1 (anche intr.) to look at (s.o., sthg.); (osservare) to watch, to look, to observe: guarda!, look!; guardatemi, look at me; guardate a destra, look to the right; guardate quella casa, quel bambino, look at that house, at that child; molti guardavano il paesaggio, many people were looking at the view; guarda che luna!, look at the moon!; guardare l'orologio, to look at the time (o at one's watch); guardare la televisione, un film, to watch television, a film; guardate come faccio io, watch how I do it; invece di stare a guardare, aiutami, instead of standing and looking (o watching), come and give me a hand; hai guardato se abbiamo preso tutto?, have you looked to see if we've taken everything? // guardare avanti, to look ahead // guardare dentro, to look in; guardare dentro a qlco., to look into sthg.; guardare fuori, to look out; guardava (fuori) dalla finestra, he was looking out of the window; guardare in un telescopio, to look through a telescope // guardare qlcu. con diffidenza, to look at s.o. with distrust // guardare qlcu. dall'alto in basso, to look s.o. up and down, (disprezzare) to look down on s.o. // guardare qlcu. di buon occhio, di mal occhio, to look favourably, unfavourably on s.o. // guardare qlcu. di traverso, to scowl (o frown) at s.o. // guardare qlcu. in faccia, to look s.o. in the face: guardò la morte in faccia, he looked death in the face // non guardare in faccia a nessuno, not to worry about other people: quando si tratta di denaro, non guarda in faccia a nessuno, when it's a question of money, he doesn't have any regard for anyone // tutti per strada guardavano come era vestita, everybody in the street looked at the way she was dressed; nessuno lo guarda, nobody takes any notice to him; farsi guardare, to attract attention (o notice) // guardare e non toccare è una cosa da imparare, (prov.) children must learn to look and not to touch

2 (fissamente) to gaze at, (up)on (s.o., sthg.); to stare: la madre guardava il suo bimbo con grande tenerezza, the mother was gazing on her child with great tenderness; smettila di guardarmi così, stop staring at me like that

3 (di sfuggita) to glance at (s.o., sthg.); to send* a glance (at sthg.)

4 (furtivamente) to peep; to peep at; (dall'interno) to peep out; (dall'esterno) to peep in: lo vidi guardare dal buco della serratura, I saw him peeping through the keyhole

5 (con bramosia) to ogle

6 (scrutare) to eye: mi guardarono sospettosamente, they eyed me with suspicion

7 (cercare) to search, to look: ho guardato dappertutto, per tutta la casa, I looked (o searched) everywhere, all over the house; guarda nella borsa, take a look in the bag

8 (custodire, sorvegliare) to watch over (s.o., sthg.), to look after (s.o., sthg.), to mind: chi guarderà il bambino mentre sarò fuori?, who will look after (o mind) the baby while I am out?; guardare qlcu. a vista, to keep a close watch on s.o.; guarda il latte, keep an eye on the milk

9 (proteggere) to protect; (difendere) to defend, to guard: i soldati guardavano il ponte, the soldiers defended the bridge // guardare le spalle a qlcu., to watch (o protect) s.o.'s rear // guardare qlcu. da un pericolo, to protect s.o. against a danger // dagli amici mi guardi Iddio che dai nemici mi guardo io, (prov.) God defend me from my friends and I'll look after my enemies

10 (considerare) to consider, to view, to look at (s.o., sthg.): cercate di guardare la questione dal nostro punto di vista, try to consider (o to look at) the question from our point of view

11 (esaminare) to look over (sthg.), to have a look at (sthg.): l'insegnante guardò la traduzione, the teacher looked over the translation // guardare qlco. per il sottile, to be particular about sthg.

◆ v. intr.

1 → v.tr. 1

2 (essere orientato) to face; (aprirsi) to look out on (sthg.): guarda a sud, it faces south; la casa guarda a mezzogiorno, the house faces (to the) south; la mia finestra guarda sul cortile, my window looks out on the courtyard

3 (considerare) to look (up)on (s.o., sthg.); to regard (s.o., sthg.): non guardiamo a ciò come all'unica via d'uscita, don't let us look upon it as the only way out; tutti guardavano a lui come al nuovo presidente, everyone looked on him as the next president

4 (cercare) to try: guarda di accontentarlo, try to please him; guarda di studiare, try to study

5 (badare) to see* to (sthg.), to look to (sthg.), to take* care, to mind; (fare attenzione) to be careful: guarda bene che ciò non accada più, take care (o mind) that this does not happen any more; non guardare a spese, to spare no expense; guarda di non farti male, be careful not to hurt yourself; ma perché non guardi dove vai?, why don't you look where you are going?; guarda che il tavolo è bagnato!, mind, the table is wet! // guarda anche al tuo interesse, oltre che al suo!, look after your own interests, as well as his! // guarda solo ai risultati, he's only interested in results // a guardare bene, on second thoughts.

◘ guardarsi v.rifl.

1 to look at oneself: egli continuava a guardare intorno, he kept looking about him; si guardò allo specchio, she looked at herself in the mirror

2 (stare in guardia) to beware (of s.o., sthg.); (fare attenzione) to mind (sthg.): guardatevi bene dal perderlo!, mind you don't lose it!; guardatevi dai borsaioli, beware of pickpockets; guardati dai cattivi compagni, beware of bad company; guardati dall'offenderlo!, be careful not to offend him! // me ne guardo bene!, I shall do no such thing! (o I wouldn't dream of it!)

3 (astenersi) to forbear*; (da cibo o bevande) to abstain: guardatevi dal fare troppe domande, forbear from asking too many questions; guardare dalle parole inutili, to refrain from useless words

◆ v.rifl.rec. to look at each other (one another); to gaze at each other (one another): si guardavano negli occhi, they looked each other in the eyes // non si guardano più!, (fig.) they cut each other dead!

* * *
[ɡwar'dare]
1. vt

1) (oggetto, paesaggio) to look at, (persona, cosa in movimento) to watch

guardare la televisione — to watch television

hai guardato la partita ieri sera? — did you watch the match last night?

guarda chi c'è o chi si vede! — look who's here!

guarda cos'hai combinato! — look what you've done!

e guarda caso... — as if by coincidence...

2) (rapidamente) to glance at, (a lungo) to gaze at

guardare di sfuggita — to steal a glance at

guardare con diffidenza — to look warily at

guardare di traverso — to scowl o frown at

guardare fisso — to stare at

guardare qc di buon/mal occhio — to look on o view sth favourably Brit o favorably Am /unfavourably Brit o unfavorably Am

cos'hai da guardare? — what are you looking at?

guardare qn dall'alto in basso — to look down on sb

guardare qn in faccia — to look sb in the face

non guardare in faccia a nessuno fig — to have no regard for anybody

3) (esaminare) to (have a) look at, check

guardare una parola sul dizionario — to look sth up o check a word in the dictionary

4) (custodire) to look after, take care of, (proteggere) to guard

guardare a vista qn — (prigioniero) to keep a close watch on sb

chi guarda i bambini? — who is looking after the children?

Dio me ne guardi! — God forbid!

2. vi (aus avere)

1)

guardare di — to try to

guarda di non arrivare in ritardo — try not to be late

2)

(badare) guardare a — to mind, be careful about, pay attention to

comprare qc senza guardare a spese — to buy sth without worrying about the expense

per il matrimonio di sua figlia non ha guardato a spese — he spared no expense when his daughter got married

3)

(essere rivolto) guardare a — to face

guardare su — to give o look onto

4)

(fraseologia) guardare dalla finestra — to look out of the window

guarda un po' lì — (cerca) take a look over there

ma guarda un po'! — good heavens!

3. vr (guardarsi)

1) (uso reciproco) to look at each other

si guardavano negli occhi — they were looking into each other's eyes

2) (in vetrina, specchio) to look at o.s.

guardarsi allo specchio — to look at o.s. in the mirror

3)

guardarsi da — (astenersi) to refrain from, (stare in guardia) to be wary of, beware of

guardarsi dal fare qc — to take care o be careful not to do sth
PAROLA CHIAVE: guardare non si traduce mai con la parola inglese guard
* * *
[gwar'dare] 1.
verbo transitivo

1) (volgere lo sguardo su)

guardare qcn., qcs. — to look at sb., sth.

guardare qcs. dalla finestra — to look out of the window at sth.

guarda chi arriva! — look who's coming!

guardare male qcn. — to frown at sb.

guarda che disordine! — look at this mess!

2) (osservare con attenzione) to watch, to look at [persona, scena]; to look at [quadro, diapositive, paesaggio]; to watch [film, televisione]; (fisso) to stare at; (a lungo) to gaze at

guardare qcn. fare — to watch sb. doing

cos'hai da guardare? — what are you staring at?

guardare qcn. negli occhi — to look sb. in the eye

3) (sorvegliare) to look after, to take* care of; (proteggere) [soldati, guardie] to keep* watch on [confine, edificio]

4) (esaminare, considerare) to take* a (close) look at [statistiche, situazione]

guarda Sara, non si lamenta mai — take Sara, she never complains

le ragazze non lo guardano — girls take no notice of him

5) (fare attenzione a)

guarda dove metti i piedi — look where you're walking
2.
verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)

1) (dirigere lo sguardo) to look

guardare dalla finestra — to look out of o through the window

guarda dietro di te — look behind you

guardare al futuro con ottimismo — to look to o to view the future with optimism

guardare al passato — to look back

stare a guardare — to look on

2) (cercare) to look; (in libro, dizionario) to look up

3) (considerare)

tutti guardano a lui come a un eroe — everyone looks on him as a hero

4) (badare) to mind, to look to; (fare attenzione)

guarda di non farti male — mind you don't get hurt

5) (essere rivolto)

guardare su — [casa, stanza] to look onto, to overlook, to face (towards) [mare, strada]

guardare a — [ finestra] to face [ nord]
3.
verbo pronominale guardarsi

1) (se stesso)

- rsi allo specchio — to look at oneself in the mirror

- rsi le mani — to look at one's hands

guardare attorno — to look around

2) (reciprocamente) to look at each other, one another

- rsi dritto negli occhi — to look into each other's eyes

3) (stare in guardia)

- rsi da — to beware of

4) (astenersi)

me ne guardo bene! — Heaven forbid!

mi guarderò bene dal farlo — I'll be careful o I'll take good care not to do it

••

ma guarda (un po')! — fancy that!

guarda, guarda! — well, well, well!

guarda,... — look here,...

guarda caso, quel giorno il tempo era brutto — strangely enough, the weather that day was bad
••
Note:

v. la nota della voce 1. vedere

* * *

guardare

/gwar'dare/ [1]

v. la nota della voce 1. vedere.

I verbo transitivo

1 (volgere lo sguardo su) guardare qcn., qcs. to look at sb., sth.; guardare qcs. dalla finestra to look out of the window at sth.; guarda chi arriva! look who's coming! guardare male qcn. to frown at sb.; guarda che disordine! look at this mess!

2 (osservare con attenzione) to watch, to look at [persona, scena]; to look at [quadro, diapositive, paesaggio]; to watch [film, televisione]; (fisso) to stare at; (a lungo) to gaze at; guardare qcn. fare to watch sb. doing; cos'hai da guardare? what are you staring at? guardare qcn. negli occhi to look sb. in the eye

3 (sorvegliare) to look after, to take* care of; (proteggere) [soldati, guardie] to keep* watch on [confine, edificio]

4 (esaminare, considerare) to take* a (close) look at [statistiche, situazione]; guarda Sara, non si lamenta mai take Sara, she never complains; le ragazze non lo guardano girls take no notice of him

5 (fare attenzione a) guarda dove metti i piedi look where you're walking

II verbo intransitivo

(aus. avere)

1 (dirigere lo sguardo) to look; guardare dalla finestra to look out of o through the window; guarda dietro di te look behind you; guardare al futuro con ottimismo to look to o to view the future with optimism; guardare al passato to look back; stare a guardare to look on

2 (cercare) to look; (in libro, dizionario) to look up

3 (considerare) tutti guardano a lui come a un eroe everyone looks on him as a hero

4 (badare) to mind, to look to; (fare attenzione) guarda di non farti male mind you don't get hurt

5 (essere rivolto) guardare su [ casa, stanza] to look onto, to overlook, to face (towards) [ mare, strada]; guardare a [ finestra] to face [ nord]

III guardarsi verbo pronominale

1 (se stesso) - rsi allo specchio to look at oneself in the mirror; - rsi le mani to look at one's hands; guardare attorno to look around

2 (reciprocamente) to look at each other, one another; - rsi dritto negli occhi to look into each other's eyes

3 (stare in guardia) - rsi da to beware of

4 (astenersi) me ne guardo bene! Heaven forbid! mi guarderò bene dal farlo I'll be careful o I'll take good care not to do it

IDIOMS

ma guarda (un po')! fancy that! guarda, guarda! well, well, well! guarda,... look here,...; guarda caso, quel giorno il tempo era brutto strangely enough, the weather that day was bad.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > guardare

58 do1

praep. 1. (w kierunku) to
- pojechać do Warszawy/Francji to go to Warsaw/France

- pójść do kina/teatru to go to the cinema/theatre

- pójść do domu to go home

- chodzić do szkoły to go to school

- Anna już wyszła do pracy Anne has already left for work

- podejść do kogoś to come up to a. approach sb

- chodźmy do mnie let’s go to my place

- przyszedł do mnie wczoraj Robert Robert came to see me yesterday

- pójść do lekarza/dentysty/szewca/fryzjera to go to the doctor’s/dentist’s/cobbler’s/hairdresser’s

- pójść do prawnika to go and see a lawyer, to go to see a lawyer

- napisać do kogoś to write to sb

- rzucić/podać piłkę do kogoś to throw/pass a ball to sb

- zatelefonować/zwrócić się do kogoś to phone/address sb

- celować/strzelić do kogoś to aim/shoot at sb

- odprowadzić kogoś do drzwi to see sb to the door

- piąć się do góry to climb up

- podnieść rękę do góry to put one’s hand up

- ręce do góry! hands up!

- włosy zaczesane do góry upswept hair

- odległość od punktu a do b the distance from A to B a. between A and B
2. (do środka) in, into
- wejść do pokoju/mieszkania to go into a. enter a room/flat

- wsiąść do samochodu to get into a car

- wsiąść do autobusu/pociągu/samolotu to get on(to) a. board a bus/a train/a plane

- włożyć coś do koperty/walizki/szafy/kieszeni to put sth in(to) an envelope/a suitcase/a wardrobe/one’s pocket

- wlać wodę do filiżanki/butelki/czajnika to pour water into a cup/bottle/kettle

- wsypać cukier do herbaty/kawy to put sugar in(to) one’s/sb’s tea/coffee

- wlać komuś coś do gardła to pour sth down sb’s throat
3. (z określeniami czasu) [pracować] till, until; [dostarczyć] by
- zostanę tutaj do jutra/poniedziałku/wiosny I’ll be here till a. until tomorrow/Monday/spring

- mieszkał w Krakowie do śmierci he lived in Cracow to the end of his life

- skończę tłumaczenie do środy I’ll finish the translation by Wednesday

- do rozpoczęcia meczu zostało pięć minut it’s/it was five minutes to the beginning of the match

- do jutra/do czwartku! see you tomorrow/Thursday!

- do widzenia a. zobaczenia! goodbye!; see you! pot.

- do tego czasu nie wolno ci wychodzić z domu until then you mustn’t go out

- do tego czasu skończymy malowanie by then we shall have finished the painting

- tradycja ta sięga wstecz do XVII wieku this tradition goes back to the seventeenth century

- do ostatniej chwili till the last moment, until the last

- wpół do drugiej/szóstej half past one/five
4. (do określonej granicy) (o ilości policzalnej) up to, as many as; (o ilości niepoliczalnej) up to, as much as; (o odległości) up to, as far as; (o wysokości) down/up to
- do dwudziestu pacjentów dziennie up to a. as many as twenty patients a day

- do 100 złotych up to a. as much as one hundred zlotys

- inflacja spadła z dziesięciu do siedmiu procent inflation went down from ten to seven per cent

- do tamtego drzewa up to a. as far as that tree

- do kolan [buty, spódnica] knee-length; [śnieg, woda] up to one’s knees; [warkocze, włosy] down to one’s knees

- od stu do dwustu ludzi/kilometrów from one hundred to two hundred people/kilometres, between one hundred and two hundred people/kilometres

- zmierzyć coś z dokładnością do milimetra to measure sth to within a. to an accuracy of one millimetre

- do ostatniego tchu to the last gasp

- do ostatniego człowieka to a man, to the last man
5. (przeznaczenie) for
- telefon/list do ciebie a phone call/letter for you

- piłka do drewna/metalu a saw for (cutting) wood/metal

- coś do jedzenia/picia something to eat/drink

- nie mieć nic do jedzenia/picia to have nothing to eat/drink

- do czego to jest? what is this for?

- „do czego używasz tej szmaty?” – „do mycia podłogi” ‘what do you use this rag for?’ – ‘for washing the floor’

- to nie jest do zabawy that’s not for playing with

- kluczyki do samochodu car keys

- przybory do pisania writing implements

- pasta do butów/podłóg shoe/floor polish

- muzyka do tańca dance music

- miejsce do siedzienia/spania a place to sit/sleep

- opiekunka do dziecka a nanny a. childminder

- „zatrudnię gosposię do prowadzenia domu” ‘housekeeper wanted’

- jednostka do zadań specjalnych a commando unit

- asystent do specjalnych poruczeń a special assistant

- Komisja do Spraw Zbrodni Wojennych War Crimes Commission
6. (cel, zadanie) mieć lekcje do odrobienia to have (one’s) homework to do
- mieć coś do zrobienia a. do roboty to have something to do

- nie masz nic lepszego do roboty? haven’t you got anything better to do?

- mamy kilka spraw do omówienia we’ve got a few things to discuss

- sekretarka przyniosła mu dokumenty do podpisania the secretary brought him some documents to sign

- sprawę przekazano do ponownego rozpatrzenia the case was sent back a. returned for reconsideration

- czy masz coś do prania/prasowania? have you got anything that needs to be washed/ironed?

- wziąć się do pracy to get down to work

- oddałem buty do naprawy I took the shoes in to be repaired

- pozowała mu do portretu she was sitting for him
7. (wyrażające możność lub niemożność) do/nie do naprawienia repairable/irrepairable
- możliwy/niemożliwy do zrealizowania feasible/unfeasible

- nienadający się do jedzenia uneatable

- wyrażenie nie do przetłumaczenia an untranslatable phrase

- hałas nie do wytrzymania unbearable noise

- przeszkody nie do pokonania insurmountable obstacles

- propozycja nie do przyjęcia an unacceptable proposal

- to jest nie do załatwienia this is impossible (to arrange)
8. (z wyrażeniami uczucia) for, to, towards
- miłość/szacunek do kogoś love/respect for sb

- nienawiść do kogoś hatred for a. of sb

- jego stosunek do rodziców/pracy his attitude towards his parents/to(wards) (his) work

- mieć a. odczuwać wstręt do pająków to hate a. be afraid of spiders

- tęsknić do czegoś to long a. yearn for sth
9. (przynależność) to
- należeć do stowarzyszenia to belong to a. to be a member of an association

- należeć do partii to be a member of a party

- od dziesięciu lat należy do Partii Zielonych he’s been a member of the Green Party for ten years

- zapisać się do chóru/klubu to join a choir/club

- zaciągnąć się do wojska to enlist in the army

- zaliczać kogoś do swoich przyjaciół to count sb among one’s friends
10. (przyłączenie) to
- przymocować/przywiązać coś do czegoś to attach/tie sth to sth

- dodatek do pensji an allowance a. bonus on top of sb’s wages/salary

- był przystojny, do tego jeszcze nie stary he was good looking, and not so old either

- do tego wszystkiego (na domiar złego) on top of all that
11. (w porównaniach) to, with
- porównać kogoś/coś do kogoś/czegoś to compare sb/sth to sb/sth

- a do b tak się ma jak x do y a to b is like x to y
12. (określając proporcje) to
- mapa w skali 1 do 2500 a map on a scale of 1 to 2500

- makieta w skali jeden do pięciu a one-fifth scale model

- Legia wygrała dwa do jednego Legia won 2-1
13. (w wyrażeniach wykrzyknikowych) do broni! to arms!
- do łóżka, ale już! off to bed now!

- do roboty! let’s get down to work!; let’s go! pot.

■ co ci do tego? what’s it got to do with you?; what business is it of yours? pot.

- jemu nic do naszych spraw he has no business interfering in our affairs

- do niczego pot. rotten pot.; useless

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > do1

59 jajow|y

adj. Biol. [błona, skorupka] egg attr.
- zapłodnienie komórki jajowej the fertilization of the egg cell

- jak to zrobiłeś? how did you do it a. that?

- jak dojechać stąd na dworzec? how do I get to the station from here?

- jak długo tu będziesz? how long will you be here?

- jak daleko stąd do parku? how far is it to the park from here?

- jak często chodzisz do kina? how often do you go to the cinema?

- jak ci się udała wycieczka? how was your a. the trip?

- jak było w Londynie? what was it like in London?, how was (it in) London?

- jak tam ojciec, zdrowy już? how’s your father – is he well now?

- jak twoja noga? how’s your leg?

- jak ona wygląda? – jest wysoka czy niska? what does she look like: is she tall or short?

- jak wyglądam w tej sukience? how do I look in this dress?

- zapytaj go, jak się czuje ask him how he is

- nauczył mnie, jak kopiować pliki he taught me how to copy files

- nie wiem, jak długo się tam jedzie I don’t know how long it takes to get there

- to jak, idziemy do kina? so, are we going to the cinema?

- „powiedziałeś jej o tym?” – „a jak myślisz?” ‘have you told her about it?’ – ‘what do you think?’

- nie wiadomo a. nie wiedzieć a. Bóg wie jak nobody a. God (alone) knows how

- jak jej/mu tam pot. what d’you call her/him pot.; what’s her/his name pot.

- dzwonił Robert czy jak mu tam Robert (or) whatever his name is phoned

- jak śmiesz/jak pan śmie! how dare you!

- jak mogłeś? how could you?!

- o, jak dużo już napisał! look how much he’s written (already)!

- tyle wydatków! jak tu można cokolwiek odłożyć! so many expenses! how can you save anything?

- jak tu gorąco! it’s so hot in here!, how hot it is here!

- jak ci nie wstyd! shame on you!

- jak ty wyglądasz! (just) look at you!

- jak nie pokochać takiego ślicznego bobasa? you can’t help loving such a cute little baby
Ⅱ praep. as, like; (z przeczeniem) than
- czarny jak węgiel as black as coal

- oczy jak gwiazdy eyes like stars

- był dla mnie jak ojciec he was like a father to me

- płakała jak dziecko she cried like a baby

- samochód wygląda teraz jak nowy the car looks as good as new (now)

- miał szansę jak dziesięć do jednego he had a ten to one chance

- tak (samo) jak… the same as…

- miał na imię Robert, tak (samo) jak jego dziad his name was Robert, the same as his grandfather’s

- taki (sam) jak… the same as…

- podobny jak ktoś/coś similar to sb/sth

- pasek identyczny jak mój a belt exactly like mine

- nigdy nie spotkałem takiego maniaka sportu jak on I’ve never met a sports maniac like him

- b jak Barbara/e jak Edward ‘B’ as in ‘Barbara’/‘E’ as in ‘Edward’

- to nie potrwa dłużej jak godzinę it won’t take more than an hour

- nie ma nic obrzydliwszego jak szantaż there’s nothing more repulsive a. despicable than blackmail

- nie ma jak kuchnia domowa there’s nothing like home cooking, nothing beats home cooking

- nie chciała wyglądać inaczej jak koleżanki she didn’t want to look different from her friends
Ⅲ conj. 1. (porównanie) like, as; (z przeczeniem) than
- rzucało łodzią jak łupiną orzecha the boat was thrown around a. tossed about like a cockleshell

- w połowie kwietnia zrobiło się ciepło jak w lecie in mid April it became as warm as (in) summer

- znowu wszystko jest jak dawniej a. kiedyś everything is again like it used to be a. like it was before

- (tak) jak co roku, pojechał do Londynu he went to London as he did every year

- jak zawsze as always

- jak zwykle as usual

- głodny byłem jak rzadko I was really a. extremely hungry

- stało się tak, jak przypuszczałem it happened (just) the way I expected

- tak jak przewidywałem, tak się stało everything turned out the way I had predicted

- zorganizujemy wszystko, (tak) jak pan postanowi we’ll arrange everything (just) the way you want it

- jak postanowiono, tak i zrobiono everything was done the way it had been planned a. decided

- tak blisko/szybko, jak to jest/było możliwe as close/quickly as possible a. as one possibly can/could

- dzień taki sam jak każdy inny a day like any other day

- podobnie jak ja/Adam like myself/Adam

- na wsi, podobnie jak w mieście in the country, just as in town

- przedsięwzięcie równie niepotrzebne, jak beznadziejne an undertaking as unnecessary as it is/was hopeless

- jak gdyby as if a. though

- leżał nieruchomo, jak gdyby spał he lay motionless as if he were sleeping

- schylił się, jak gdyby czegoś szukał he bent down as if he were looking for something

- czuję się nie gorzej jak wczoraj I don’t feel any worse than yesterday

- to potrwa nie dłużej jak do piątej it won’t take a. last (any) longer than five o’clock

- skończę tłumaczenie nie później jak jutro I’ll finish the translation tomorrow at the latest

- nie pozostało mi nic innego jak zgodzić się there was nothing else for me to do but agree

- nie dalej jak wczoraj/dwa dni temu only yesterday/two days ago

- jak szliśmy przez las, zaczęło padać when a. as we were walking through the forest, it began to rain

- porozmawiamy o tym, jak wrócę we’ll talk about it when I get back

- rok upłynął, jak umarł dziadek it’s been/it had been a year since grandfather died

- już dwa miesiące, jak wyjechał it’s (been) two months since he left

- jak tu mieszkam, nigdy jej nie spotkałem I’ve never met her since I’ve been living here

- zadzwonię do ciebie, jak się czegoś dowiem I’ll phone you if I learn anything

- jak nie dziś, to jutro either today or tomorrow; if not today, then tomorrow

- gdzieś na pewno wyjadę, jak nie w góry, to nad morze I’ll be going away somewhere: if not to the mountains, then to the coast a. seaside

- zaziębisz się, jak będziesz chodził bez czapki you’ll catch a cold if you don’t wear a hat

- (ona) zawsze coś gubi, jak nie parasolkę, to rękawiczki she’s always losing something: if it’s not her umbrella, then it’s her gloves

- zrób to sam, jak jesteś taki mądry do it yourself if a. as you’re so clever

- na pewno został tam na noc, jak go do tej pory nie ma he must have stayed the night, as he’s not yet here

- jak wiesz as you know

- jak wiadomo as is known, obviously

- jak wspomniano wyżej as mentioned above a. earlier

- jak się zdaje as it seems

- radzisz sobie, jak widzę, znakomicie you’re doing a. managing just fine, I see

- jak się okazało as it turned out; as it transpired książk.

- jak sam o tym często mówił as he himself often said

- zjawił się w porze, kiedy, jak sądził, ojca nie będzie w domu he turned up at the time when, as he thought, his father would be out a. when he thought his father would be out

- przedstawiciele rządu, jak premier, ministrowie… government representatives, such as a. like the prime minister, ministers…

- pisał takie utwory, jak fraszki, bajki i satyry he wrote pieces such as a. things like epigrams, fables and satires

- …jak również… as well as

- w Brazylii, Argentynie jak również w Chile in Brazil and Argentina, as well as in Chile

- zarówno w sobotę, jak i w niedzielę both on Saturday and Sunday, on Saturday as well as on Sunday

- w szkole jak w szkole, nic nowego school’s the same as usual a. always: nothing new

- mieszkanie jak mieszkanie, ale łazienka wspaniała the flat’s so-so, but the bathroom is great pot.

- co jak co, ale gest to on ma whatever you think of him, he’s not tight-fisted

- kto jak kto, ale ty powinieneś mnie zrozumieć you of all people should (be able to) understand me

- komu jak komu, ale jemu możesz zaufać you can trust him more than anyone

- kiedy jak kiedy, ale jutro musisz być punktualnie it wouldn’t matter normally, but tomorrow you must be on time

- gdzie jak gdzie, ale w Warszawie znam każda ulicę other towns are okay too a. I know other towns fairly well, but I know Warsaw like the back of my hand

- jak siedział w fotelu, tak siedzi he’s still sitting in the same armchair

- jak kantowali, tak kantują they’re still short-changing us in the same old way pot.
Ⅳ part. pot. (emfaza) jak to!? what do you mean?; how come? pot.
- jak to, nie idziesz dziś do szkoły? what do you mean you’re not going to school today?

- jak to, już czwarta? what, is it four (o’clock) already?

- (i) jak nie lunie pot. the sky suddenly opened up

- (i) jak nie ryknie, jak się nie wścieknie pot. he suddenly started ranting and raving pot.
Ⅴ adv. jak najkrótszy/najdłuższy the shortest/longest possible
- jak najtaniej/najbliżej as cheap/close as possible

- z sąsiadami żyli w jak najlepszych stosunkach they were on the best of terms with their neighbours

- nasze pożywienie powinno być jak najbardziej urozmaicone our diet should be as varied as possible

- miał o niej jak najlepszą opinię he had a very high a. the highest opinion of her

■ jak ty komu, tak on tobie przysł. you get what you deserve

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > jajow|y

60 Д-28

НИ ДАТЬ НИ ВЗЯТЬ coll ( Invar, fixed WO
1. ( modif) a person (or thing) looks absolutely the same as another person (or thing): (look) exactly (just) like ( s.o. sth.)
for all the world like ( s.o. sth.) ( s.o. sth.) could (easily) have been a NP like a regular NP a real NP a NP nothing less (nothing less than a NP
). Ещё и ещё падали на стол снимки, и вот мелькнул покатый, тупой (ни дать ни взять мучной ларь) архиерейский дом... (Домбровский 1). More and more photographs fell onto the table. I caught a glimpse of a squat, square archbishop's palace (looking exactly like a flour-bin)... (1a).

Пантелей Прокофьев и ч с Ильиничной - в заду брички рядком, ни дать ни взять — молодые (Шолохов 2). Pantelei and Ilyinichna, seated side by side at the back of the wagon, suddenly looked for all the world like a young couple (2a).

Его (солдата) лицо было очень обыкновенное, будничное, чем-то знакомое - ни дать ни взять слесарь со «Спорта»... (Кузнецов 1). His (the soldier's) was a very ordinary, everyday type of face which had something familiar about it-he could easily have been a mechanic from the Sport Factory... (1b).

Машина остановилась точно там, где нужно было: между Огород-никовым и фон Дерецки. Последний, когда первый начал говорить, приосанился и нацепил на нос очки в железной оправе, ни дать ни взять теоретик из Пном-Пеня (Аксёнов 12). The machine stopped just where it should have: in the center of the table, between Ogorodnikov and Von Deretzki. When the former began speaking, the latter straightened up and put on wire-rim glasses, like a regular theoretician from Phnom Penh (12a).

Гвардеец:) Это даже невероятно... чтобы солдату да вдруг приснился такой волшебный сон... кукла разгуливает по дворцу... Удивительное дело. Ишь ты... Ну, ни дать ни взять - живая девочка (Олеша 7). (G.:) It's incredible that a soldier should have such a magical dream...a doll goes strolling round the palace.... Amazing. How d'you like that! A live girl...nothing less (7a).

2. ( adv or sent adv
often foil. by a как-clause or phrase) (to do sth.) in precisely the same way that someone else does it
just (exactly) like
for all the world like (as if) exactly (just) how (the way) (someone else does it).
...Люди на пароходе, в море, разговаривают и смеются беззаботно, ни дать ни взять как на твёрдой земле... (Тургенев 2)....People on a steamer at sea talk and laugh light-heartedly, for all the world as if they were on dry land... (2c).

Дворня хохотала, дружно сочувствуя... лакею, прибившему казачка... «Вот, вот этак же, ни дать ни взять, бывало, мой прежний барин, - начал опять тот же лакей, что всё перебивал Захара, - ты, бывало, думаешь, как бы повеселиться, а он вдруг, словно угадает, что ты думал, идёт мимо, да и ухватит вот этак, вот как Матвей Мосеич Андрюшку» (Гончаров 1). (the translation of the idiom combines it with the preceding adverbial) The servants laughed, sympathizing with the footman who had beaten the boy.... That's exactly the way my former master used to carry on!" said the footman who kept interrupting Zakhar. "Just when you'd think of having a little fun, suddenly he seemed to guess what was in your mind, and he'd grab you, just as Matvei Moseich grabbed Andryushka" (1b).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-28

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cross translation — translation of the translated term back to the source language … English contemporary dictionary

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

back+translation+it

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

back+translation+it

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: